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El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó en la Dirección de Medicina Legal y la Delegación de Mujeres de la Policía Nacional, con el propósito definido de conocer la prevalencia de casos denunciados, a los que definimos como el "Sindrome de la Mujer Maltratada"; ya que este hecho negativo en las relaciones interpersonales se está produciendo en nuestro medio social, afectado sobremanera la salud integral de la persona humana. Este hecho comentado, tanto en medios periodísticos, lo comprobamos científicamente al realizar nuestro estudio; ya que tenemos 14307 casos denunciados en las instituciones mancionadas, en solo 3 años, es decir, que al iniciar la indagación se encotró 5479, esta cifra bajó a 4380 casos al tercer año; lo uqe significó que la prevalencia promedio fue de 33.33 por ciento casos. En razón a que el número de casos está bajando gradualmente cada año, podriamos afirmar que el maltrato hacia la mujer tiende a disminuir. Según nuestro estudio la zona geográfica de mayor riesgo es el distrito de Paucarpata con el 21.89 por ciento; siguiendo el distrito de Mariano Melgar con el 13.99 por ciento. También se constató que son las esposas(casadas) las que sufren el maltrato por parte del esposo, ello lo representa el 63.76 por ciento. Asimismo, son las amas de casa(ocupación) las agredidas frecuentemente, ellas alcanzan el porcentaje del 65.90 por ciento, los problemas familiares es la principal causa de agresión hacia la mujer con 40.73 por ciento; situación que conduce a maltratar a la mujer con puntapiés y manos(68.84 por ciento); pero estos actos también son cometidos por las personas en estado de ecuanimidad, ello nos lo dice el 52.36 por ciento, quienes utilizan también las manos, los puntapiés, y se ha dado situaciones en que se ha utilizado también objetos. El lugar más frecuente de la agresión es: (85.36 por ciento) en diferentes partes del cuerpo; siguiendo la cabeza con el 11.84 por ciento; siendo el 75.18 por ciento lesiones leves

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PIP: This article assesses the possible association between stepfatherhood and violence against wives in Hamilton, Ontario. The sample population comprised women who sought refuge from abusive male partners at a shelter for abused women and their children during 1986-87. Comparing shelter data for 1986-87 with survey data for 1983, results showed that steprelationship was not a correlate of either socioeconomic status or the woman's age. Young wives were over-represented among shelter clients, as they were among homicide victims. However, the over-representation of steprelationships was independent of this fact. Although the data did not demonstrate conclusively that women who had children from previous unions were assaulted especially often, they showed that men were significantly more likely to have assaulted the children as well as the women. Steprelationship, poverty, and the woman's age were distinct additive risk factors for child abuse. In conclusion, excess risks and lethal risks extend to wives, and attention to this issue is urgently needed.^ieng

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The authors have studied the type and frequency of cases of wife-battering attending an emergency outpatient clinic in Trondheim, Norway. Most patients were between 20 and 30 years old. They had multiple traumas, with a predominance of traumas near the head and neck region. Almost half (44%) of the abusers were unemployed, and most of them were 30-40 years old. Alcohol was reported as an important precipitating factor by 75% of the victims. Comparison with a corresponding study carried out ten years ago shows that the frequency of wife-battering seems to be almost unchanged.

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Battering during pregnancy affects the health of both pregnant women and their unborn children. The purpose of this retrospective study of 488 primarily Medicaid-eligible postpartum women was to identify the constellation of factors associated with violence. The prevalence of battering during pregnancy was 7%, similar to that found in other studies. Significant correlates of battering included anxiety, depression, housing problems, inadequate prenatal care, and drug and alcohol use. Woman battering by a partner during pregnancy was associated with a greater severity of this constellation of patterns than those experiencing abuse before pregnancy only, or those experiencing physical attack by someone other than their partner. These factors are important to recognize in nursing assessment of pregnant women.

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Domestic violence is a pervasive and frequently unrecognized cause of injury among women. We reviewed data from standardized interviews with 218 women who presented to an emergency department with injuries due to domestic violence. Victims ranged in age from 16 to 66 years and constituted a wide range of socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds. Domestic violence often resulted in severe injury; 28% of the women interviewed required admission to hospital for injuries, and 13% required major surgical treatment. The typical presentation was injuries to the face, skull, eyes, extremities, and upper torso. A third of the cases involved a weapon, such as a knife, club, or gun. In all, 10% of the victims were pregnant at the time of abuse, and 10% reported that their children had also been abused by the batterer. Most victims (86%) had suffered at least one previous incident of abuse, and about 40% had previously required medical care for abuse. Victim recognition and referral to appropriate agencies could be improved if primary care physicians were more aware of the prevalence, severity, frequency of occurrence, and typical presentation of domestic violence.

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We investigated prevalence and risk factors associated with physical abuse among a tricultural population of 501 pregnant women who attended a public prenatal clinic. Twenty percent (98/501) reported being physically abused; 29% (28/98) stated that abuse occurred during pregnancy. More white non-Hispanic women reported previous abuse than did black or Hispanic women. Battered women more frequently were divorced or separated, were of greater parity, smoked, used alcohol, or admitted to illicit drug use than did women who were not battered. An increased risk of previous physical abuse was observed among white non-Hispanic and black women who used alcohol (odds ratios = 3.0 and 6.0) or drugs (odds ratios = 2.1 and 3.7) but not among Hispanic women. Odds ratios of 4.7 for cocaine use among white non-Hispanic women, 4.7 for marijuana use among black women, and 5.8 for tobacco use among Hispanic women were observed. This is the first study to report the effects of race on the association between physical abuse of pregnant women and substance use.

PIP: This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors associated with physical abuse among a large tricultural population of White non-Hispanic, Black, and Hispanic pregnant women in the US. A total of 501 pregnant women (47.5% White non-Hispanic, 28.1% Black, and 24% Hispanic) attending a public prenatal clinic were interviewed. Results showed that 20% of the women questioned reported physical abuse; 29% were abused during pregnancy. Incidence of previous abuse was higher in White non-Hispanic women than in Black or Hispanic women. Abused women were more likely to be divorced, admit to illicit drug use, use alcohol, and smoke compared to nonabused women. An increased risk of previous physical abuse was observed among White non-Hispanic and Black women who used alcohol (OR = 3.0 and 6.0) or drugs (OR = 2.1 and 3.7) but not among Hispanic women. Relative risk of cocaine use was 4.7 among White non-Hispanic women, 4.7 for marijuana use among Black women, and 5.8 for tobacco use among Hispanic women.

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The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the applicability of Megargee's (1967) distinction between over- and undercontrolled hostility to maritally aggressive men. Subjects were 41 men who were referred for treatment for physical marital violence. Data were derived from a written battery of self-report measures. Overcontrolled hostile men showed patterns of abuse in which violent episodes were more severe but less frequent and in which the wife was the sole target of the aggressive behavior. Undercontrolled hostile husbands were more generally aggressive and more frequently aggressive. Additionally, undercontrolled husbands were more likely than overcontrolled husbands to have witnessed violence in their families of origin and to have had rejecting mothers. Implications for the assessment and treatment of marital violence are discussed.

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Forty male respondents, 20 batterers and 20 non-batterers comparably matched for education, sex, age, employment, and occupation in a non-probabilistic sample, were administered the Conflict Tactics Scale and the Causal Dimension Scale in order to measure exposure to violence in both family and non-family environments and to determine how respondents attributed the cause of spousal conflict. The results demonstrate that batterers were exposed to violence in non-family environments, particularly with their friends, and did not differ with respect to exposure to violence and suggestions are made with respect to points of intervention.

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