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To examine the effects of kinesio taping on lower back muscle soreness immediately after its application and after 24 h during a cross-country skiing camp in collegiate students. The present study followed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial design. Out of the 60 participants in a winter skiing camp, 54 volunteered to participate in the study (aged 21.3 years old, 20 females and 34 males). After 3 days of practical cross-country ski lessons (4 h per day), volunteers were, balanced by sex, randomly divided into three groups. One group had kinesio taping applied on the lower back, another had placebo tape applied and the third group nothing. The two-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni adjustment showed that the lower back muscle soreness levels in the kinesio taping group decreased statistically significantly from baseline to after 24 h of the kinesio taping application (p= 0.020). Kinesio taping reduced low back muscle soreness 24 h after its application produce by several days of cross-country skiing in physically active collegiate students. Kinesio taping method may be beneficial in reducing post-exercise delayed onset muscle soreness in healthy sport collegiate students.

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BACKGROUND: Lumbar muscle strain (LMS) is the most common orthopedic syndrome, with high incidence globally and lingering disease, which seriously affects patients' work efficiency and quality of life. Warm needle acupuncture (WNA) is a treatment method combining acupuncture technology with warm and medicinal effect of moxibustion. It has outstanding curative effect and wide range of treatment, especially in the treatment of pain diseases. We aim to collect clinical evidence and demonstrate the efficacy and safety of WNA on LMS. METHODS/DESIGN: We will search the following database sources for the randomized controlled trials: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Web of Science, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (TCTRP), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP), and the Wanfang Database.All randomized controlled trials of WNA for lumbar muscle strain (LMS) in the above database will be considered for inclusion, and high-quality articles will be screened for data extraction and analysis, to summarize the therapeutic effect of WNA on LMS patients. RESULT: This study will provide a rational synthesis of current evidences for warm needle acupuncture on lumbar muscle strain. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study will provide evidence to judge the effectiveness and safety of WNA on LMS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: INPLASY2020120100 (DOI number: 10.37766/inplasy2020.12.0100).

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OBJECTIVE: To study the rehabilitation effect of exercise with soft tissue manipulation therapy for patients with lumbar muscle strain. METHODS: Patients with lumbar muscle strain who met the inclusion criteria for study were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Conventional therapy (i.e., triple therapy of needle, moxibustion, and cupping jar) was implemented for control group patients with lumbar muscle strain, whereas the combination therapy of exercise with manipulation was implemented for experimental group patients with lumbar muscle strain. Pain levels of the two groups of patients were graded using the VAS score, and finally, the rehabilitation effect of the two groups of patients was evaluated. Comparative analysis was performed using SPSS17.0 software, t-test, variance and χ2 test, and other statistical methods. RESULTS: After treatment, there is a significant difference in average visual analogue scale (VAS) score between experimental group and control group, which meets P < 0.05; difference in joint range of motion between experimental group patients and control group patients was P < 0.05; the total treatment efficiency of experimental group patients was 99%, whereas that of control group was 79%. CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation effect of exercise with soft tissue manipulation therapy for lumbar muscle strain is more significant.

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy between the reducing technique with consciousness conduction involved and the reducing technique by needle rotation of acupuncture in the treatment of lunbar strain of cold damp pattern. METHODS: One hundred and eight patients were randomized into group A and group B, 54 cases in each one. Ashi points were the main points in the two groups. In the group A, the reducing technique with consciousness conduction involved was applied to ashi points. In the group B, the reducing technique with needle rotation was adopted. Cupping and the irradiation specific electromagnetic wave apparatus (TDP) were used in the two groups as the adjuvant therapy. The treatment was given once every two days, and 10 treatments made one session. The treatment stopped till pain disappeared. The efficacy was evaluated in 1 session of treatment. The numerical rating scale (NRS) and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) were observed before and at the end of treatment. NRS of acupuncture itself was observed at the end of treatment. The recurrence rate was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The curative and remarkably effective rate was 87.0% (47/54) in the group A, better than 63.0% (34/54) in the group B (P < 0.01). After treatment, NRS and ODI scores were all reduced as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (both P < 0.01). The results in the group A were better than those in the group B (both P < 0.01). Three months after treatment, the recurrence rate was 3.8% (2/52) in the group A, better than 17.7% (9/51, P < 0.05) in the group B. Pain induced by acupuncture itself was mild in the two groups and NRS score in the group A was lower than that in the group B (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture with the consciousness conduction involved is superior to the reducing technique with needle rotation in the treatment of lumbar strain of cold damp pattern, in which, pain induced by acupuncture itself is much milder than that induced by the reducing technique with needle rotation.

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PURPOSE: The long thoracic nerve (LTN) innervates the serratus anterior muscle (SA) which plays an important role in shoulder function. Evaluation of the LTN has so far been restricted to clinical assessment and partly electromyography and neurography. Progress of high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) increasingly enables visualization of small peripheral nerves and their pathologies. We therefore aimed at (a) clarifying the possibility of visualization of the LTN from its origin to the most distal point in the supraclavicular region visible and (b) developing an ultrasound protocol for routine use. We further present two cases of patients with LTN pathology. METHODS: The study consisted of two parts: Part 1 included 4 non-enbalmed human bodies in whom the LTN (n = 8) was located and then marked by ink injection. Correct identification was confirmed by anatomical dissection. Part 2 included 20 healthy volunteers whose LTN (n = 40) was assessed independently by two radiologists. Identification of the LTN was defined as consensus in recorded images. RESULTS: LTN was clearly visible in all anatomical specimens and volunteers using HRUS and could be followed until the second slip of the serratus anterior muscle from the supraclavicular region. In anatomical specimens, dissection confirmed HRUS findings. For all volunteers, consensus was obtained. The mean nerve diameter was 1.6 mm ±â€Š0.3 (range 1.1 - 2.1 mm) after the formation of the main trunk. DISCUSSION: We hereby confirm a reliable possibility of visualization of the LTN in anatomical specimens as well as in volunteers. We encourage HRUS of the LTN to be part of the diagnostic work-up in patients presenting with scapular winging, shoulder weakness or pain of unknown origin.

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UNLABELLED: Some patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures still suffer from back pain after percutaneous vertebroplasty. We have found that osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with thoracolumbar fascia injury are common and that thoracolumbar fascia injury may account for the residual pain after percutaneous vertebroplasty. PURPOSE: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures are successfully treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). However, some patients still suffer from back pain after the procedure. We hypothesized that there is a relationship between thoracolumbar (TL) fascia injury and residual postoperative pain. METHODS: This prospective study included 133 elderly patients (age range 55 - 92 years) with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures treated with PVP from February 2010 to March 2012 in our hospital. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of TL fascia injury. A visual analog scale (VAS) and the Chinese modified Oswestry Disability Index were used to evaluate the pain before and after PVP. RESULTS: The mean VAS score and the Chinese modified Oswestry Disability Index in the patients with TL fascia injury were reduced from 9.11 ± 0.76 to 6.4 ± 1.1 and 73.93 ± 1.46% to 44.6 ± 3.1%, respectively, and in the patients without TL fascia injury from 9.26 ± 0.82 to 8.0 ± 1.3 and 73.96 ± 1.38% to 51.7 ± 1.8%, respectively. Pain and disability were reduced more in patients without TL fascia injury than in those with TL fascia injury (both p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There may be a relationship between TL fascia injury and residual back pain after PVP.

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Air guns (AGs) use air or another compressed gas to propel a projectile. Different injuries may occur in children due to their body structure, which is less-resistant with thin soft tissue coverage that can be easily penetrated by an AG shot. We present 3 cases of pediatric AG shot injury. The first-case had right lumber deep tissue penetration of AG pallet without internal damage, the second-case had a complex course of pellet into the perineum, and the third-case was shot in the left shoulder. All cases were accidentally shot. The shooters were all children, and relatives of the victims. All patients were generally stable on arrival. Two cases were operated, and one received conservative management. On follow up, no complications were noted.  At first sight, AGs and air rifles may appear relatively harmless, but they are potentially lethal and children should not be allowed to play with them. 

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En resonancia magnética, la grasa se considera un «artefacto o señal no deseada» que se suprime al realizar un estudio clínico, salvo especificación. El aumento de la obesidad y enfermedades asociadas ha hecho necesario estudiar los depósitos de grasa, tanto en tejido adiposo como de grasa ectópica. En el presente trabajo se analiza la información que en cualquier ordenador personal se puede obtener del CD que los pacientes reciben junto con el informe médico tras someterse a una resonancia magnética de abdomen, centrándonos en los depósitos grasos en músculos espinales de voluntarios adultos sanos o con dolor lumbar inespecífico La aplicación de interfaces o ventanas coloreadas a imágenes de resonancia en tonos grises es muy útil para visualizar depósitos grasos, especialmente para observadores no familiarizados con dichas imágenes. Es un método rápido, fácil e intuitivo de visualización semicuantitativa de grasa ectópica muscular (AU)

In magnetic resonance, fat is considered an «unwanted artifact or signal» which is suppressed when performing a clinical study, unless otherwise specified. The increase in obesity and associated diseases has become necessary to study fat deposits both in adipose tissue and ectopic fat. In this paper, we analyze the information that is available from the CD which patients receive after undergoing magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen along with the medical report, using a personal computer, focusing on the fat deposits in spinal muscles of healthy adult volunteers or analyzes nonspecific low back pain. The application of colored interfaces or windows on gray resonance images is very useful to display fat deposits, especially when the observer is not familiar with these images. It is a fast, easy and intuitive method of semiquantitative muscle visualization of the ectopic fat (AU)

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Posterior trunk defects represent a major reconstructive problem, which require the entire armamentarium of the reconstructive surgeon. Given the special anatomy of the back, flap selection includes transposition flaps, perforator flaps, muscle flaps, turn-over flaps and free flaps, eventually with interposition of vein grafts. The majority of the defects can be closed with pedicled muscle or musculocutaneous flaps. In our patient collective, sufficient closure could be obtained with all procedures, except the latissimus dorsi turn-over flap. Based on our clinical experience, we propose an algorithm for closure of posterior trunk defects related to the anatomical region.

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