RESUMEN
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that contaminates food-processing environments and persists within biofilms on equipment, utensils, floors, and drains, ultimately reaching final products by cross-contamination. This pathogen grows even under high salt conditions or refrigeration temperatures, remaining viable in various food products until the end of their shelf life. While the estimated incidence of listeriosis is lower than other enteric illnesses, infections caused by L. monocytogenes are more likely to lead to hospitalizations and fatalities. Despite the description of L. monocytogenes occurrence in Brazilian food-processing facilities and foods, there is a lack of consistent data regarding listeriosis cases and outbreaks directly associated with food consumption. Listeriosis requires rapid treatment with antibiotics and most drugs suitable for Gram-positive bacteria are effective against L. monocytogenes. Only a minority of clinical antibiotic-resistant L. monocytogenes strains have been described so far; whereas many strains recovered from food-processing facilities and foods exhibited resistance to antimicrobials not suitable against listeriosis. L. monocytogenes control in food industries is a challenge, demanding proper cleaning and application of sanitization procedures to eliminate this foodborne pathogen from the food-processing environment and ensure food safety. This review focuses on presenting the L. monocytogenes distribution in food-processing environment, food contamination, and control in the food industry, as well as the consequences of listeriosis to human health, providing a comparison of the current Brazilian situation with the international scenario.
Asunto(s)
Microbiología de Alimentos , Listeria monocytogenes/aislamiento & purificación , Listeriosis/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Contaminación de Alimentos , Industria de Procesamiento de Alimentos , Humanos , Listeriosis/mortalidad , Listeriosis/prevención & controlRESUMEN
In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii UFV-H2b20 on the resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection in gnotobiotic mice. Germfree mice or monoassociated mice were infected with L. monocytogenes, and the microbiological and immunological responses were evaluated after 1, 3, and 5 days of infection. Monoassociation with L. delbrueckii was capable of protecting mice against death caused by L. monocytogenes and induced a faster clearance of the bacteria in the liver, spleen, and peritoneal cavity at days 1, 3, and 5 post-infection. Also, monoassociated mice displayed less liver injury than germfree mice. The production of TNF-α in the serum, peritoneal cavity, and gut was augmented in monoassociated mice. Likewise, the levels of IFN-γ found on supernatants of spleen cells cultures were higher after the monoassociation. In addition, increased production of nitric oxide in peritoneal cell cultures supernatants and in serum was observed in mice that received L. delbrueckii. The monoassociation with L. delbrueckii induced higher production of IL-10 in the mucosal immune system. We conclude that monoassociation with L. delbrueckii UFV-H2b20 protects mice from death caused by L. monocytogenes infection by favoring effector responses while preventing their immunopathological consequences.
Asunto(s)
Antibiosis , Inmunidad Mucosa , Lactobacillus delbrueckii/inmunología , Listeria monocytogenes/crecimiento & desarrollo , Listeriosis/inmunología , Listeriosis/prevención & control , Probióticos , Animales , Vida Libre de Gérmenes , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interleucina-10 , Lactobacillus delbrueckii/fisiología , Listeriosis/mortalidad , Hígado/microbiología , Ratones , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Cavidad Peritoneal/microbiología , Bazo/microbiología , Análisis de Supervivencia , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Listeriosis occurs mainly in persons at extremes of age and with immunocompromising conditions. It is believed that most cases of listeriosis are acquired in the community. A cluster of listeriosis in hospitalized patients prompted the present investigation. METHODS: We conducted a case series study of listeriosis from August 21, 2006, to June 1, 2007, in a hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. RESULTS: Six patients with Listeria monocytogenes infection were identified: 5 during hospitalization and 1 at a day clinic. By the time the infection was diagnosed, 5 patients had been in the hospital for a mean of 9 days. All patients were elderly (median age, 80 years) and had immunocompromising conditions. Five (83%) patients died. Four patients developed bloodstream infections, 3 caused by serotype 1/2b. Two patients had peritonitis: one caused by serotype 3b and another by serotype 1/2b. Four L monocytogenes isolates belonged to a single pulse-field gel electrophoresis genotype, suggesting a common source. An epidemiologic investigation pointed to the hospital kitchen as the possible contamination. CONCLUSION: Data suggest a health care-associated outbreak of listeriosis and highlight the importance of developing guidelines for prevention and treatment of health care-associated foodborne diseases, especially in hospitals with immunocompromised adult patients.
Asunto(s)
Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Listeria monocytogenes/clasificación , Listeria monocytogenes/aislamiento & purificación , Listeriosis/epidemiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Bacteriemia/epidemiología , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Brasil , Infección Hospitalaria/mortalidad , Dermatoglifia del ADN , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Femenino , Genotipo , Hospitalización , Humanos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Listeriosis/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Epidemiología Molecular , Peritonitis/epidemiología , Peritonitis/microbiología , SerotipificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Our group has concerned itself with the study of the effect of probiotics on the resistance to infections using experimental models. Here, we will focus on evidence that the UFV-H2b20 strain of Lactobacillus delbrueckii var. bulgaricus may be considered a probiotic and has protective effects on mice against a variety of bacterial infections. METHODS: Germ-free, monoassociated, and conventional mice were used. Mice were treated with probiotics and challenged with Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, or Listeria monocytogenes, and the outcome of infection was measured as mortality, quantification of bacteria in target organs, and systemic of local cytokine production. RESULTS: L. delbrueckii increased clearance of E. coli and production of systemic inflammatory cytokines. This strain also protected monoassociated and conventional mice against infection with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Finally, monoassociated mice were more resistant to L. monocytogenes as measured by mortality and the number of bacteria in spleen and liver. In addition, monoassociated mice challenged with L. monocytogenes showed increased production of inflammatory cytokines (interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and nitric oxide. Interestingly, interleukin-10 levels were not altered by monoassociation or infection. CONCLUSIONS: L. delbrueckii UFV-H2b20 protects mice against infection, apparently by eliciting the up-regulation of production of inflammatory cytokines.
Asunto(s)
Citocinas/metabolismo , Lactobacillus delbrueckii/inmunología , Listeria monocytogenes/patogenicidad , Listeriosis/inmunología , Listeriosis/mortalidad , Probióticos , Animales , Femenino , Vida Libre de Gérmenes , Humanos , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Listeriosis/microbiología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
AIM: Lactobacillus sakei 2a isolated from sausage and presenting an in vitro antagonistic activity against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A was tested for a protective effect in mice experimentally challenged with the enterobacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the experimental group, germ-free mice (n = 24) were inoculated intragastrically with 0.1 ml of a suspension containing 10(8) colony forming units (CFU) of Lact. sakei and 4 days later the animals were challenged intragastrically with 0.1 ml of a suspension containing 10(8) CFU of L. monocytogenes. Control group (n = 24) was only inoculated with the bacterial pathogen. Faecal counts showed that L. monocytogenes reached similar population levels (10(9) CFU g(-1) of contents) in both the groups. Animals in the control group showed lower (P = 0.0004) survival frequency (58.3%) when compared with the experimental one (100%). Anatomopathological examination confirmed the mortality data. CONCLUSIONS: Lactobacillus sakei 2a can survive in the mammal digestive tract where showed a protective effect against L. monocytogenes. This phenomenon was not due to an antagonistic activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Use of Lact. sakei 2a as a meat starter could inhibit not only L. monocytogenes growth in the fermented product but also pathogen virulence in the gastrointestinal tract.
Asunto(s)
Antibiosis/fisiología , Lactobacillus/fisiología , Listeria monocytogenes/crecimiento & desarrollo , Listeriosis/mortalidad , Listeriosis/patología , Animales , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Heces/microbiología , Vida Libre de Gérmenes , Listeriosis/microbiología , Ratones , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido pretérmino de 34 semanas de edad gestacional y cuya madre inicia con picos febriles de hasta 39§C 72 horas antes del nacimiento, así como con datos de actividad uterina. Se corrobora infección de vías urinarias, por lo que se hospitaliza e inicia manejo con cefalosporinas de segunda generación, así como uteroinhibidores. La evolución es incidiosa, y debido a la presencia de datos de sufrimiento fetal se realiza cesárea urgente; se observa salida de líquido meconial +++. El producto nace con apnea primaria y muere a las siete horas de vida extrauterina. El estudio histopatológico demostró la presencia de microabscesos y granulomas diseminados, lo que se corrobora en la mayoría de los órganos con las manifestaciones clínicas de listeria temprana, conocido como síndrome de granulomatosis infantiséptica
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Recién Nacido , Mortalidad Infantil , Listeria , Listeriosis/mortalidad , Listeriosis/patología , Heridas y Lesiones/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in newborn infants with early-onset Listeria monocytogenes infection, necrotizing pneumonia, and severe respiratory failure. DESIGN: Patient series. SETTING: ECMO referral centers. PARTICIPANTS: The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry database of patients supported with ECMO between 1975 and 1991. INTERVENTION: ECMO. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Nine neonates were identified who were supported with ECMO for severe respiratory failure associated with L monocytogenes infection. Microbiologic studies demonstrated L monocytogenes organisms in the blood of all infants, and pneumonia was diagnosed by roentgenogram and/or isolation of L monocytogenes organisms in tracheobronchial secretions. All infants experienced progressive respiratory deterioration by age 36 hours and were placed on venoarterial bypass by 96 hours, having met institution-based criteria predictive of 80% to 90% mortality. The duration of ECMO for patients with Listeria infection (median, 210 hours; range, 137 to 454 hours) was prolonged compared with the duration of ECMO for neonates in all other registry diagnostic categories (median, 114 hours; range, 1 to 744 hours; N = 5146, P = .035). Six of the nine infants recovered completely. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that ECMO is efficacious in patients with severe respiratory failure secondary to Listeria sepsis. Prolonged time on bypass should be expected when Listeria sepsis is associated with severe necrotizing pneumonia.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriemia/terapia , Oxigenación por Membrana Extracorpórea/métodos , Listeriosis/terapia , Neumonía/terapia , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/terapia , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico por imagen , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Bacteriemia/mortalidad , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Listeriosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Listeriosis/microbiología , Listeriosis/mortalidad , Necrosis , Neumonía/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía/microbiología , Neumonía/mortalidad , Neumonía/patología , Pronóstico , Radiografía , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/diagnóstico por imagen , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/microbiología , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/mortalidad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Tasa de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE--to verify the effects of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) inoculation in the survival of animals bearing Ehrlich's tumor. KIND OF STUDY--experimental. Animals-isogenic mice, Balb/c, female, 19-21 g. Tumor-Ascitic Ehrlich's tumor, dilution of 5 x 10(5) cells/0.1 ml. Bacteria-LM serotype 4a, solution with 7 x 10(3) bacteria (standard sub-lethal dose). Intervention-a) inoculation of LM in mice bearing Ehrlich tumor at the same time as ascitic cells transplantation. b) inoculation of LM seven days before and, again, seven and fourteen days after ascitic cells transplantation. c) to study the effect of using ampicillin 100 mg/kg, im, simultaneously with the inoculation of Ehrlich tumor and LM organisms and, again, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after the ascitic cells transplantation. ANALYSIS--Chi-square test; p < 0.05 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION--LM increases significantly the survival of mice bearing Ehrlich tumor even when only one inoculum of viable LM was used, seven days before or seven days after the ascitic cells transplantation. The use of ampicillin after the inoculation of LM and tumor transplantation does not alter the survival of mice
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/inmunología , Listeria monocytogenes/patogenicidad , Ampicilina/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/mortalidad , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Listeriosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Listeriosis/inmunología , Listeriosis/mortalidad , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB CRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: to verify the effects of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) inoculation in the survival of animals bearing Ehrlich's tumor. KIND OF STUDY: experimental. Animals-isogenic mice, Balb/c, female, 19-21 g. Tumor-Ascitic Ehrlich's tumor, dilution of 5 x 10(5) cells/0.1 ml. Bacteria-LM serotype 4a, solution with 7 x 10(3) bacteria (standard sub-lethal dose). Intervention-a) inoculation of LM in mice bearing Ehrlich tumor at the same time as ascitic cells transplantation. b) inoculation of LM seven days before and, again, seven and fourteen days after ascitic cells transplantation. c) to study the effect of using ampicillin 100 mg/kg, im, simultaneously with the inoculation of Ehrlich tumor and LM organisms and, again, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after the ascitic cells transplantation. ANALYSIS: Chi-square test; p < 0.05 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: LM increases significantly the survival of mice bearing Ehrlich tumor even when only one inoculum of viable LM was used, seven days before or seven days after the ascitic cells transplantation. The use of ampicillin after the inoculation of LM and tumor transplantation does not alter the survival of mice.