RESUMEN

A total of 500, 14-d old male Ross 308 broilers were allocated into five treatments (4 replicates each) including: a negative (NC) and positive control diet (PC) which supplemented without and with 7% poultry by-product meal (PBPM), respectively and three levels of additive supplementation of thyme and rosemary powders in the basal diets: 0.750% rosemary powder (PCR); 0.375% thyme powder + 0.375% rosemary powder (PCRT), and 0.750% thyme powder (PCT) rosemary powder. The PCRT diet improved (p<0.05) average daily gain and feed conversion ratio by 5.62 and 10.37% compared to PC, respectively. The serum concentration of lipids (triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein) was decreased while the ilealvillus heightand ratio of villus height to crypt depth as well as ileal microbiota population were improved(p<0.05) in response to inclusion PCRT diet compared to PC diet. The blood serum concentration of malondialdehyde was statistically decreased (p<0.05) by supplementation of PCRT in broiler diets. Our results suggested that supplementation of a blend of thyme and rosemary powders at the level of 0.375% of each into broiler diet during d 14-42 has merit to be used as a natural antioxidant in diets formulated by PBPM.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Pollos/fisiología , Rosmarinus/química , Thymus (Planta)/química , Aditivos Alimentarios/química , Antioxidantes/efectos adversos , Triglicéridos/análisis , Colesterol/análisis , Lipoproteínas/análisis

RESUMEN

The cryopreservation reduces ram sperm quality, decreasing the pregnancy rate of ewes inseminated with thawed sperm. Hence, we aimed to improve the post-thaw quality of ram sperm replacing egg yolk on Tris-Glucose extender with different concentrations of LDL (2 or 8%), associated with the addition of 10 mM non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, hydroxytoluene butylate, ascorbyl palmitate, and trehalose). Semen samples were collected from six rams, split into different treatments, and frozen. After thawing, kinematic (CASA), structural (propidium iodide and carboxyfluorescein diacetate) and functional (hypoosmotic test) sperm membrane integrity was assessed. Total motility, VCL, and LIN were also assessed in thawed samples during 3 h of incubation (38 °C). The results showed that hydroxytoluene butylate at 10 mM in Tris-Glucose extender with 8% LDL improved velocity parameters immediately post-thaw compared with Tris-Glucose egg yolk extender, as well as prevented the reduction of total motility and VCL after incubation. There was no benefit of adding ascorbic acid and trehalose. Moreover, for the first time, it was shown the motility impairment promoted by ascorbyl palmitate to ram sperm.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Masculino , Preservación de Semen/veterinaria , Ovinos/fisiología , Análisis de Semen/veterinaria , Hidroxitolueno Butilado/administración & dosificación , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Antioxidantes

RESUMEN

Abstract The association between periodontitis and myocardial infarction remains unclear in the literature. Few studies have addressed periodontitis exposure as a predisposing factor for the development of myocardial infarction. Therefore, the present systematic review aims to analyze the association between periodontitis and myocardial infarction. This meta-analysis systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, SCIELO, LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and grey literature for studies estimating the association between periodontitis and myocardial infarction. Quality of evidence was assessed for all studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models. Four of the six studies selected were included in the meta-analysis, including 1,035,703 subjects. The association between periodontitis and myocardial infarction was: RR: 5.99 (95% CI: 1.17-30.68), but with high heterogeneity (I2 = 100%; p <0.01). The results including only the highest quality articles, was lower: RR: 2.62 (95% CI: 1.47-4.70 3.83), but with lower heterogeneity (I2 = 85.5%; p < 0.01).The present systematic review with meta-analysis showed an association between periodontitis and acute myocardial infarction, but with a high level of heterogeneity.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Periodontitis/complicaciones , Infarto del Miocardio/complicaciones , Pulpitis/complicaciones , Aterosclerosis/complicaciones , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Infarto del Miocardio/etiología , Infarto del Miocardio/mortalidad

RESUMEN

Asymptomatic dogs can be potential hosts of leptospirosis. However, the extension of this phenomenon in endemic areas has not yet been clearly defined. This study is aimed at evaluating the role of asymptomatic dogs as carriers of Leptospira in an endemic area of Brazil. A total of 131 male dogs without apparent leptospirosis symptoms were included in the study based on clinical and hematologic exams. Serum and urine samples were collected for microscopic agglutination tests (MAT) and polymerase chain reactions (PCR) targeted the LipL32 gene, respectively. Forty-two dogs (32·1%) presented seroreactivity (titres ⩾100). The serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae was predominant, representing 92·7% of the seropositive samples. Overall, leptospiral DNA was detected on 26 urine samples (19·8%). PCR positivity was more common (28·6%) on seropositive dogs than on seronegative (15·7%) ones. Nevertheless, MAT was not correlated to PCR (P > 0·05). Age was not associated with seroreactivity, but dogs older than 5 years of age had 4·07 more chances (odds ratio) of being carriers (PCR positive) than younger ones. Although the fact of knowing that asymptomatic dogs can act as leptospiral carriers is not new, the extension of this fact is impressive in an endemic region, and its role and impact on public health cannot be neglected.

Asunto(s)

Infecciones Asintomáticas/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Leptospira/fisiología , Leptospirosis/veterinaria , Pruebas de Aglutinación/veterinaria , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/análisis , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Perros , Leptospira/genética , Leptospirosis/epidemiología , Leptospirosis/microbiología , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Prevalencia , Salud Pública , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/veterinaria , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos

RESUMEN

O Diabetes mellitus é uma doença com elevada prevalência global, associada à mortalidade cardiovascular e complicações microvasculares, que conferem o caráter crônico a essa patologia. No diabetes tipo II, o processo aterosclerótico tem início antes mesmo do diagnóstico, daí a importância do reconhecimento dos fatores de risco implicados na fisiopatologia da doença vascular nessa população. A dislipidemia no diabético é caracterizada por lipoproteínas ricas em triglicérides, LDL pequenas, densas e muito aterogênicas e HDL-c baixo. As estatinas são os medicamentos de escolha para tratar a dislipidemia e reduzir de forma significativa o risco cardiovascular nesses pacientes. Apesar do controle glicêmico intensivo não reduzir eventos cardiovasculares nos estudos randomizados, alguns hipoglicemiantes apresentam efeito favorável sobre o perfil lipídico, com redução de futuros eventos

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Diabetes mellitus is a disease with high global prevalence, associated with cardiovascular mortality and microvascular complications, which give this disease its chronic nature. In type II diabetes, the atherosclerotic process begins even before diagnosis, hence the importance of recognizing the risk factors involved in pathophysiology of vascular disease in this population. Dyslipidemia in the diabetic patient is characterized by triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; small-dense and very atherogenic LDLs and low HDL-c. Statins are the drugs of choice for treating dyslipidemia and significantly reducing the cardiovascular risk in these patients. Although intensive glycemic control did not reduce cardiovascular events in randomized trials, some hypoglycemic drugs have demonstrated a favorable effect on the lipid profile, and may reduce future events

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Resistencia a la Insulina , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Dislipidemias/complicaciones , Dislipidemias/diagnóstico , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/fisiopatología , Enfermedad Crónica , Factores de Riesgo , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Lipoproteínas/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/análisis , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/análisis , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Hígado/fisiopatología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Chylopericardium is a rare occurrence in children. The most common causes are associated with cardiac surgery, malformations of the lymphatic system, idiopathic reasons, among others. OBJECTIVE: The case is presented of a patient with traumatic chylopericardium, the diagnostic methodology, and in particular, its successful resolution by surgical means. CLINICAL CASE: Male patient of 6 years old, previous accident of fall from patient's height. Chest x-ray showed evidence of cardiomegaly. An echocardiogram with pericardial effusion was performed. Pericardial puncture was performed with drainage of milky material, confirming chylous liquid. Treatment included pericardial catheterisation, total parenteral nutrition, octreotide, and diet with medium chain triglycerides, with persistent increased pericardial fluid. Lymphatic abnormalities were ruled out by MRI. He underwent surgical treatment due to failure of prior treatment. A thoracoscopic approach was adopted with a favourable outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Chylopericardium occurs in children in most cases after cardiovascular surgery. The case presented here was classified as idiopathic. Patients with this condition may present with severe symptoms, such as tamponade, or can be asymptomatic as in the case presented. If medical treatment fails, it should be resolved by surgery; the best choice is minimally invasive treatment with its well-known advantages.

Asunto(s)

Derrame Pericárdico/cirugía , Toracoscopía , Accidentes por Caídas , Niño , Terapia Combinada , Drenaje , Humanos , Lípidos/análisis , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Masculino , Mediastino/lesiones , Octreótido/uso terapéutico , Nutrición Parenteral Total , Derrame Pericárdico/diagnóstico por imagen , Derrame Pericárdico/etiología , Derrame Pericárdico/terapia , Líquido Pericárdico/química , Técnicas de Ventana Pericárdica , Pericardiocentesis , Conducto Torácico/cirugía , Triglicéridos/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes from the genus Leptospira, which includes 20 species and more than 300 serovars. Canines are important hosts of pathogenic leptospires and can transmit the pathogen to humans via infected urine. Here, we report the phenotypic and molecular characterization of Leptospira interrogans isolated from Canis familiaris in Southern Brazil. The isolated strain was characterized by variable-number tandem-repeats analysis as L. interrogans, serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae. In addition, the isolate was recognized by antibodies from human and canine serum samples previously tested by microscopic agglutination test. Ultimately, the expression of membrane-associated antigens (LipL32 and leptospiral immunoglobulin-like proteins) from pathogenic leptospires using monoclonal antibodies was detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay. In conclusion, identification of new strains of Leptospira can help in the diagnosis and control of leptospirosis.

Asunto(s)

Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/análisis , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Perros/microbiología , Leptospira interrogans/química , Leptospira interrogans/genética , Leptospirosis/veterinaria , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Repeticiones de Minisatélite , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Antígenos Bacterianos/análisis , Brasil , Leptospira interrogans/aislamiento & purificación , Leptospirosis/microbiología , Tipificación Molecular

RESUMEN

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP) and markers of cardiovascular risk in hypercholesterolemic adults of differing nutritional status. Methods: Forty-six hypercholesterolemic subjects (7 men: 30 to 70 years; 39 women: 45 to 70 years) with total cholesterol >240 mg/dL were studied. Anthropometric variables (weight, height, and waist and hip circumference) were measured, as well as us-CRP, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C, triglycerides, apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein B, glucose and fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) of insulin resistance. Spearman correlations and multiple linear regression analysis were performed at a level of significance of 5%. Results: Plasma levels of triglycerides, VLDL-C, glucose, HDL-C and us-CRP were higher in overweight subjects (p<0.05). Ultrasensitive CRP was positively correlated with body mass index (r=0.32) and hip circumference (r=0.30), as well as with TC (r=0.33), apolipoprotein B (r=0.36) and glucose (r=0.42). Regression analysis showed that us-CRP concentration was positively associated with TC, glucose, and waist-hip ratio. These parameters explained 41% of the variability in us-CRP. Conclusion: Obese individuals present a higher concentration of us-CRP, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and VLDL-C. Excess weight is associated with us-CRP, a finding highlighting the importance of this biomarker for the detection of individuals at cardiovascular risk.

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Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre a proteína C reativa ultrasensível (PCR-us) e os marcadores clássicos de risco cardiovascular em adultos hipercolesterolêmicos em diferentes estados nutricionais. Métodos: Amostra de 46 indivíduos hipercolesterolêmicos (7 homens: 30 a 70 anos e 39 mulheres: 45 a 70 anos) com colesterol total (CT) >240 mg/dL. Realizou-se determinações antropométricas como peso, altura, circunferência da cintura (CC) e do quadril (CQ), além de medidas plasmáticas de PCR-us, CT, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C, triglicerídeos (TG), apolipoproteína AI (Apo AI), apolipoproteína B (Apo B), glicose e insulina de jejum e HOMA-IR. Realizou-se correlações de Spearman e análise de regressão linear múltipla ao nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os níveis plasmáticos de TG, VLDL-C, glicose, HDL-C e PCR-us foram maiores em indivíduos com sobrepeso (p<0,05). A PCR-us foi positivamente correlacionada com o índice de massa corporal (r=0,32) e com a CQ (r=0,30), bem como com o CT (r=0,33), Apo B (r=0,36) e glicose (r=0,42). A análise de regressão mostrou que a concentração de PCR-us foi positivamente associada ao CT, glicose e razão cintura-quadril. Esses parâmetros explicam a variabilidade da PCR-us em 41%. Conclusão: Os indivíduos obesos têm maior concentração plasmática de PCR-us, glicose, TG e VLDL-C. O excesso de peso está correlacionado com a PCR-us, mostrando a importância deste biomarcador para triagem de indivíduos de risco cardiovascular.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/fisiopatología , Hipercolesterolemia/clasificación , Antropometría/instrumentación , Biomarcadores , Inflamación/clasificación , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Estado Nutricional

RESUMEN

Introducción y objetivos: La enfermedad cardiovascular es la primera causa de muerte en Costa Rica, razón por la cual seplantea el estudio de nuevos factores de riesgo en una población adulta de la provincia de San José.Métodos: Este estudio evaluó las concentraciones séricas del perfil lipídico, glucosa, lipoproteína (a), apoproteínas A1, B100y otros factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en una población de 430 adultos con edades entre los 20 y 60años del área metropolitana de San José, Costa Rica.Resultados: La prevalencia de hiperlipoproteinemia (a) (≥ 0,3 g/L), hiperapoproteinemia B (> 0,65 g/L), hipercolesterolemia(> 5,17mmol/L), intolerancia a la glucosa (5,55-6,98 mmol/L) y diabetes mellitus (≥ 6,99 mmol/L) en la población es de67,8%, 87,4%, 46,3%, 14,2% y 5,7% respectivamente, sin diferencias significativas por sexo. La prevalencia de hipertrigliceridemia(>1,69 mmol/L) en la población es de 45,3%, siendo significativamente mayor en hombres que en mujeres (53,4%vs 37,2%; p = 0,001). Un porcentaje considerable de la población estudiada con niveles elevados de lipoproteína (a) (n =313) mostró simultáneamente uno o varios parámetros del perfil lipídico y la glucosa elevados. El 52,1 % presentó colesteroltotal ≥ 5,17 mmol/L; 44,4% triglicéridos ≥ 1,69 mmol/L; 25,2% HDL-colesterol < 1,03 mmol/L; 67,4 % LDL-colesterol ≥2,58 mmol/L, 45,0 % índice de Castelli ≥ 4,5, 17,9% glucosa ≥ 5,55 mmol/L y 88,8% apoproteína B > 0,65g/L. La prevalenciade síndrome metabólico en la población en estudio y según los criterios diagnósticos establecidos por la OrganizaciónMundial de la Salud es de 4,2%, fue mayor entre el género masculino (7,3% vs 1,7%; p = 0,008)...

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Introduction and objectives: Cardiovascular disease is the first death cause in Costa Rica. This investigation proposes thestudy of new risk factors in an adult population of the province of San José.Methods: This study evaluated the lipid profile, glucose and other related cardiovascular risk factors in 430 adults aged20 to 60 years, residents of the metropolitan area of San José, Costa Rica.Results: The prevalences of hyperlipoprotein (a) (≥ 0,3 g/L), hyperapoprotein B (> 0,65 g/L), hypercholesterolemia (> 5,17mmol/L), impaired glucose tolerance (5,55-6,98 mmol/L) and diabetes mellitus (≥ 6,99 mmol/L) were 67,8%, 87,4%, 46,3%, 14,2% and 5,7% respectively, without significant differences between genders. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia(>1, 69 mmol/L) was 45,3%, being higher among the male population (53,4% vs. 37,2%; p = 0,001). A significantpercentage of the people included in this study had simultaneously high levels of lipoprotein (a) (n =313) and high levelsof another coronary risk factors such as: high cholesterol (52,1% had levels ≥ 5,17 mmol/L); high triglycerides (44,4% hadlevels ≥ 1,69 mmol/L); low HDL-cholesterol (25,2% had levels < 1,03 mmol/L); high LDL-cholesterol (67,4% had levels ≥2,58 mmol/L), high Castelli Index (45,0% had levels ≥ 4,5) , high glucose (17,9% had levels ≥ 5,55 mmol/L) and finally highlevels of apoprotein B (88,8% had levels > 0,65 g/L). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the studied population,according to the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria, was 4,2%, being higher among the male group (7,3% vs.1,7%; p = 0,008)...

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biomarcadores , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Factores de Riesgo

RESUMEN

Fundamentos: Estudos recentes mostram que mulheres em uso de contraceptivo oral (CO) apresentam triglicerídeos e lipoproteínas de baixa densidade mais elevados quando comparadas a mulheres que não utilizam CO. Embora ainda sejam desconhecidas as consequências clínicas desse aumento em longo prazo, estudos sugerem que níveis mais elevados das lipoproteínas de baixa densidade contribuam diretamente para o processo inflamatório vascular. Uma das formas mais eficientes de se determinar a inflamação vascular é através da proteína C-reativa de alta sensibilidade (PCR).Objetivo: Verificar se a PCR de mulheres que utilizam CO é maior que a de mulheres que não utilizam CO. Métodos: Estudo realizado na Faculdade Social da Bahia, Salvador, BA – Brasil no período de julho a dezembro 2012. Incluídas mulheres aparentemente sadias, com idade entre 18-28 anos, eutróficas, classificadas como irregularmente ativas e com triglicerídeos de jejum <150 mg/dL. A amostra foi estratificada em dois grupos: grupo SCO formado por mulheres que não utilizavam nenhum tipo de contraceptivo a base de hormônios e grupo CO formado por mulheres que estavam em uso continuado de CO de baixa dosagem há no mínimo um ano. Após jejum de 12 horas foram coletados 5 mL de sangue para dosagem da PCR. Resultados: Selecionadas 44 mulheres distribuídas igualmente entre os grupos, idade 24,0±2,9 anos, IMC 21,0±3,2 kg/m2. A mediana e o desvio interquartil da PCR do grupo SCO e do grupo CO foram respectivamente 0,5 mg/L (0,0-0,9) e 2,1 mg/L (0,9-3,2), apresentando diferença estatística significativa (p=0,002).Conclusão: Neste estudo a PCR das mulheres que utilizam CO foi significativamente maior que a das mulheres que não utilizam CO.

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Background: Recent studies show that women taking oral contraceptives (OC) have higher triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels than women not taking CO. Although the long-term clinical consequences of this increase are still unknown, studies suggest that higher levels of low-density lipoproteins contribute directly to vascular inflammation. One of the most effective ways of measuring vascular inflammation is through high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP).Objective: To examine whether the CRP levels of women taking OC are higher than those of women not taking OC.Methods: Study conducted at the Bahia Social Work College, Salvador, Bahia State – Brazil between July and December 2012, including apparently healthy women between 18 and 28 years old, eutrophic, classified as irregularly active and with fasting triglycerides below 150mg/dL. The sample was divided into two groups: an NOC group of women who not taking any type of hormone-based contraceptive and an OC group of women taking continuous low-dose OC for at least one year. After fasting for 12 hours, 5mL of blood were collected to measure their CRP levels. Results: 44 women were selected and divided equally between the groups, aged 24.0±2.9, BMI 21.0±3.2kg/m2. The median and interquartile CRP deviations in the NOC group and the OC group were respectively 0.5mg/L (0.0 to 0.9) and 2.1mg/L (0.9 to 3.2), with a statistically significant difference (p=0.002).Conclusion: In this study, the CRP levels of women taking oral contraceptives were significantly higher than those of women not taking oral contraceptives.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Anticonceptivos/efectos adversos , Dislipidemias/complicaciones , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/complicaciones , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Factores de Riesgo , Proteína C-Reactiva/administración & dosificación , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Encuestas y Cuestionarios

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Atherosclerosis and correlated cardiovascular problems, whose mechanical and physiological disorders cause thickening and hardening of blood vessels, are among the main causes of death worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To assess plasma concentrations of biomarkers from the lipid metabolism and carotid doppler sonography results by correlating them with atherogenic carotid disease. METHODS: the study comprised 66 patients aged 57.5 ± 15.5 years (20-77), from which 63% were female. Serum markers and doppler sonography images were used to evaluate the association with atherogenic carotid disease (ACD). RESULTS: There was a higher prevalence of ACD among females (33% vs. 15%), age range 56-65, showing a relative risk (RR) of 1.56 among females (p < 0.002; Fisher, Katz). Concerning high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and carotid stenosis classification, North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET), 76% of patients showed HDL-C within the protection range, from which 31 individuals presented level I (normal). 81% of them showed HDL-C > 40 mg/dl and 19% had HDL-C ≥ 40 mg/dl. The prevalence of HDL-C > 40 mg/dl at levels II, III and IV was considerable. There was no difference in HDL-C among the groups (p = 0.4910; unpaired t test). Furthermore, there was no difference in paraoxonase (PON1) activity when stratified to HDL-C > and < 40 mg/dl (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The female group displayed higher ACD prevalence at 56-65 age range, with RR of 1.56 times higher. These findings substantiate the importance of analyzing this group and age range carefully, inasmuch as the absence of hormonal protection may increase ACD risk and ultimately influence HDL antioxidant activity due to its direct action on PON1. Triglycerides (TG)/HDL-C ratio indicates cardiovascular risk and impaired reverse cholesterol transport.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Complicações da aterosclerose agregam as principais causas de morte no mundo por problemas cardiovasculares relativos a distúrbio da condição mecânica e fisiológica que promove espessamento e endurecimento nas artérias. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as concentrações plasmáticas de biomarcadores do metabolismo lipídico e os resultados de doppler de carótidas, relacionando-os com a doença aterogênica de carótidas. MÉTODOS: Foram acompanhados 66 pacientes, com a média de idade entre 57,5 ± 15,5 anos, (20 a 77), sendo 63% mulheres. Utilizaram-se biomarcadores séricos e imagens (doppler) para avaliar a associação com a doença aterogênica carotídea (DCA). RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: A DCA foi mais prevalente no gênero feminino (33% vs. 15%) entre as idades de 56-65 anos, risco relativo (RR) 1,56 nas mulheres (p < 0,002; Fisher, Katz). Em relação ao colesterol da lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-C) e à classificação da estenose de carótidas, North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET), observamos que 76% dos indivíduos apresentavam HDL-C na faixa protetora, sendo 31 grau I (normal); 81% possuíam lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) sérica > 40 mg/dl em comparação com 19% que tinham concentração de HDL-C ≥ 40 mg/dl. A prevalência de HDL-C > 40 mg/dl nos graus II, III e IV foi significativa. Não houve diferença de HDL-C entre os grupos (p = 0,4910, teste t não pareado). Não foi observada diferença entre as atividades de paraoxonase (PON1) quando estratificada para HDL-C > e < que 40 mg/dl (p > 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O gênero feminino teve maior prevalência de DCA entre 56-65 anos, RR 1,56 vezes maior. Esse achado revela a importância de atenção nesse gênero e nessa faixa etária, uma vez que a ausência de proteção hormonal agrava o risco de DCA, podendo influenciar na atividade antioxidante da HDL por atuar diretamente na PON1. A razão triglirecídeos (TG)/HDL-C aponta para risco cardiovascular e deficiências no transporte reverso do colesterol.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Aterosclerosis/complicaciones , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/diagnóstico , Ecocardiografía Doppler , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Riesgo

RESUMEN

Determinar las concentraciones séricas de lípidos, lipoproteínas, apolipoproteínas y malonilaldehído en preeclámpticas. Estudio descriptivo y prospectivo. Setenta pacientes que asistieron a la emergencia de obstetricia fueron seleccionadas y divididas en dos grupos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Ambos grupos consistieron en preeclámpticas (grupo A) y embarazadas normotensas (grupo B), consideradas como controles. Se midieron las concentraciones de colesterol total, triglicéridos, apolipoproteína A-I y B, lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL-C), baja densidad (LDL-C), muy baja densidad (VLDL) y malonilaldehído. Hospital Central “Dr. Urquinaona”. Maracaibo, Estado Zulia. No se encontraron diferencias en la edad materna y en el promedio de peso materno entre las preeclámpticas y los controles (P = ns). Se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la edad gestacional al momento del estudio, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, peso del recién nacido y presencia de proteinuria (P < 0,05). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las concentraciones de triglicéridos, lipoproteinas de alta densidad y de muy baja densidad, apolipoproteína B y malonilaldehído (P < 0,05). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las concentraciones plasmáticas de colesterol, lipoproteínas de baja densidad y apolipoproteína A-I (P = ns). Se observaron correlaciones significativas negativas en las preeclámpticas entre las concentraciones de lipoproteínas de alta densidad y de muy baja densidad y entre las concentraciones de lipoproteínas de alta densidad y apolipoproteína B (P < 0,05). Existen diferencias significativas en las concentraciones de triglicéridos, lipoproteínas de alta densidad y de muy baja densidad, apolipoproteína B y malonilaldehído en las preeclámpticas.

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To determine lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and malonilaldehyde concentrations in preeclamptic and normotensive patients. Seventy patients who assisted to obstetric emergency were selected and divided in two groups using a non-probabilistic sampling method. Both groups consisted in preeclamptic patients (group A) and normotensive pregnant women (group B), considered as controls. Plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoproteins A-I and B, high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density (LDL-C), very low density (VLDL) and malonilaldehyde were measured. Hospital Central "Dr. Urquinaona". Maracaibo, Estado Zulia. There were not significant statically differences in mean maternal age and weight between preeclamptic patients and controls (P = ns) There were found significant differences in gestational age at the moment of delivery, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, newborn weight and presence of proteinuria (P > 0.05). There were statically significant differences in concentrations of triglycerides, HDL-C, VLDL, apolipoprotein B and malonilaldehyde (P < 0.05). There were not found significant differences in plasma concentrations of cholesterol, LDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I (P = ns). There were negative significant correlations in preeclamptic between HDL-C and LDL-C and between HDL-C and apolipoprotein B (P < 0,05). There are significant differences in triglycerides, HDL-C, VLDL, apolipoprotein B and malonilaldehyde in preeclamptic patients.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Apolipoproteínas/análisis , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Lípidos/análisis , Preeclampsia/prevención & control , Colesterol , Triglicéridos

RESUMEN

Fundamento: Nenhum estudo foi encontrado em relação aos efeitos da combinação de ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) e exercício físico na progressão de aterosclerose de camundongos APO E (-/-). Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da combinação de exercício físico e ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) na progressão de aterosclerose de camundongos knockout para o gene da Apo E alimentados com dietas normo e hiperlipídica. Métodos: Camundongos knockout para Apo E foram alocados em quatro grupos/dieta: NS - dieta normolipídica e sedentário (n=5), HS - dieta hiperlipídica e sedentário (n=5), NECLA - dieta normolipídica com CLA e exercitado (n=8) e HECLA - dieta hiperlipídica com CLA e exercitado (n=8). O colesterol total e o HDL-C foram determinados através do método enzimático-colorimétrico. O LDL-C foi calculado pela fórmula de Friedewald. O fígado foi pesado e as lesões ateroscleróticas foram analisadas por fotomicrografia representativa da aorta. Utilizou-se ANOVA e Tukey ao nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: O grupo HECLA apresentou maiores valores de colesterol total e LDL-c que os grupos NECLA e NS (p<0,05). Em relação ao HDL-c, o grupo HS apresentou maior concentração que o grupo HECLA (p=0,019). O peso do fígado foi maior no grupo HECLA comparado com o NECLA (p=0,003). Em relação à progressão da aterosclerose, não foi encontrado diferenças significativas entre os grupos (p>0,05). Conclusões: A combinação exercício físico e CLA, independente do tipo de dieta, não foi eficiente na redução da progressão de aterosclerose de camundongos Knockout para o gene que expressa a apolipoproteina E.

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Background: No studies were found regarding the effects of the combination of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and physical exercise in the progression of atherosclerosis in mice APO E (-/-). Objective: To evaluate the effects of the combination of exercise and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the progression of atherosclerosis in mice knockout for the gene Apo E fed diets with normal and hyperlipidemic. Methods: Apo E knockout mice were divided into four groups / diet: NS - normolipídica diet and sedentary (n = 5), HS - high fat diet and sedentary (n = 5), NECLA - normolipídica diet with CLA and exercised (n = 8) and HECLA - High fat diet with CLA and exercised (n = 8). Total cholesterol and HDL-C were determined by enzymatic-colorimetric method. LDL-C was calculated using the Friedewald formula. The liver was weighed and atherosclerotic lesions were analyzed by representative photomicrographs of aorta. We used ANOVA and Tukey tests at a significance level of 5%. Results: The HECLA group had higher total cholesterol and LDL-C than groups NECLA and NS (p <0,05). In relation to HDL-C, the HS group had a higher concentration than the group HECLA (p = 0,019). Liver weight was higher in the group HECLA compared with NECLA (p = 0,003). Regarding the progression of atherosclerosis, was not found significant differences between groups (p> 0.05). Conclusions: The combination of exercise and CLA, regardless of the diet was not effective in reducing the progression of atherosclerosis Knockout mice for the gene that expresses the apolipoprotein E.

Asunto(s)

Animales , Composición Corporal , Ratones/metabolismo , Grasas de la Dieta/análisis , Grasas de la Dieta/efectos adversos , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Lipoproteínas/metabolismo

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the fasting triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio in adolescence is predictive of a proatherogenic lipid profile in adulthood. STUDY DESIGN: A longitudinal follow-up of 770 Israeli adolescents 16 to 17 years of age who participated in the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic study and were reevaluated 13 years later. Lipoprotein particle size was assessed at the follow-up with proton nuclear magnetic resonance. RESULTS: The TG/HDL ratio measured in adolescence was strongly associated with low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and HDL mean particle size in young adulthood in both sexes, even after adjustment for baseline body mass index and body mass index change. The TG/HDL ratio measured in adolescence and subsequent weight gain independently predicted atherogenic small low-density lipoprotein and large VLDL particle concentrations (P < .001 in both sexes). Baseline TG/HDL and weight gain interacted to increase large VLDL concentration in men (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with an elevated TG/HDL ratio are prone to express a proatherogenic lipid profile in adulthood. This profile is additionally worsened by weight gain.

Asunto(s)

HDL-Colesterol/sangre , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Lipoproteínas/clasificación , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Triglicéridos/sangre , Aumento de Peso , Adolescente , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Tamaño de la Partícula , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas

RESUMEN

Os benefícios da prática regular do exercício físico estão claramente estabelecidos na literatura. Entretanto, a escolha do tipo de exercício ideal pode ser mais salutar para indivíduos com doenças específicas e patologias associadas. O propósito desta revisão foi verificar se o treinamento resistido (TR) exerce alguma alteração no colesterol da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-C). Foram observadas grandes diferenças na literatura, dificultando uma conclusão em relação aos benefícios do TR nesta revisão. No entanto, foi visto que o TR pode ser promissor na redução dos níveis de LDL-C, principalmente em homens e mulheres adultos, em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e tipo 2 e em mulheres pré-menopausa, não mostrando diferenças na população idosa. Os autores concluem que o TR é uma boa opção de exercício físico para indivíduos, principalmente quando o treinamento aeróbio (TA) é contraindicado.

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The benefits of exercise regular practice are clearly established in the literature. However, the choice of the ideal exercise may be more beneficial for individuals with specific diseases and associated pathologies. The aim of this review was to determine whether resistance training (RT) promotes any change on low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Important differences were observed in research protocols, making it difficult to define the benefits of RT in this review. However, it was noticed that RT may be promising in reducing LDL-C levels mainly in adult men and women, in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 and in pre-menopausal women, not presenting differences in the elderly population. It was concluded that the RT is an option good of physical exercise for individuals, especially when the aerobic training (AT) is contra-indicated.

Asunto(s)

LDL-Colesterol/análisis , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Entrenamiento Aeróbico/métodos

RESUMEN

Polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein-E (apoE) gene may modulate lipoprotein metabolism at different steps and influence total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDLc) levels, as well as other lipid features. Population studies have documented significant differences in the frequency of apoE alleles which are related to the prevalence of various cardio-vascular and neuro-psychiatric diseases. In this study, the apoE genotypes and allele frequencies were analyzed in 216 individuals (109 dyslipidemic and 107 normo-lipidic subjects), and the relative contribution of apoE polymorphism on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels, as well as risk factors was evaluated. In normo-lipidic volunteers, the frequencies of epsilon2, epsilon3 and epsilon4 alleles were 0.042, 0.832 and 0.126, while in dyslipidemic subjects 0.046, 0.835 and 0.119, respectively. No significant difference was observed among epsilon2, epsilon3 or epsilon4 and plasma lipid-lipoprotein levels in the dyslipidemic group. In normo-lipidemics, however, total cholesterol, LDLc and non-HDLc plasma levels were significantly lower in epsilon2 subjects when compared to epsilon3 and epsilon4 individuals. The allelic frequencies of apoE epsilon2, epsilon3 and epsilon4 were similar in dyslipidemic and normo-lipemic subjects, suggesting that apoE polymorphisms have no effect on plasma lipid-lipoprotein levels in dyslipidemic subjects. In contrast, in normo-lipemic subjects the epsilon2 allele showed to be associated with lower total cholesterol and LDLc levels, the mark of a better lipid profile. Depending on other co-existing factors, the epsilon2 allele, therefore, may play either a protective or pathogenic role. This elementary knowledge is a fundamental prerequisite for a possible diagnostic application of these lipoproteins as biomarkers to predict adverse cardio-vascular and/or neuro-psychiatric maladies.

Asunto(s)

Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Dislipidemias/sangre , Dislipidemias/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Lípidos/sangre , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Adulto , Apolipoproteína E2/genética , Apolipoproteína E3/genética , Apolipoproteína E4/genética , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/genética , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/fisiopatología , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/sangre , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/genética , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/fisiopatología , LDL-Colesterol/análisis , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Dislipidemias/complicaciones , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes/genética , Pruebas Genéticas , Genotipo , Humanos , Lípidos/análisis , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Lipoproteínas/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valores de Referencia , Factores de Riesgo

RESUMEN

Estudios clínicos y epidemiológicos indican que un consumo elevado de ácidos grasos trans (AGtrans) aumenta el riesgo de enfermedad cardio-vascular (ECV). Los ácidos grasos trans provenientes de los aceites parcialmente hidrogenados han sido asociados a muertes por ECV, pero estos efectos negativos sobre la salud humana no son atribuibles a los isómeros trans-11 C18:1 ó al cis-9, trans-11 del ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) presentes en la carne o leche de ganado vacuno u ovino. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar las evidencias disponibles a la fecha, sobre los diferentes aspectos químicos de los ácidos grasos con isomería trans, sobre el proceso de hidrogenación usado por la industria de alimentos y de biohidrogenación, así como de los posibles efectos del consumo de los AG trans sobre los factores de riesgo de ECV asociados con las lipoproteínas del plasma.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Ácidos Grasos trans/efectos adversos , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Lipoproteínas/sangre , Oxidación/análisis

RESUMEN

A 3 los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (CV) tradicionales hipercolesterolemia, hipertensión y tabaquismo, se agregó la diabetes mellitus. Hay muchos otros como la homocisteína y la lipoproteína (a), aunque de los beneficios de su tratamiento están por aclararse. También hay interés en los factores inflamatorios de riesgo CV, como la proteína C-reactiva ultra sensible (PCR-us) y la lipasa A, asociada a las lipoproteínas (Lp-PLA) cuyo dosaje está disponible comercialmente pero no es claro su rol en la práctica clínica de rutina. Sin embargo, todavía las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) representan el estándar de oro para predecir el riesgo CV. Con las dislipidemias de lipoproteínas específicas y los pacientes de difícil manejo, es importante individualizar su tratamiento con dietas y fármacos alternativos. Existieron percepciones erróneas como la creencia que solamente los caucásicos del mundo occidental y los varones tenían riesgo CV significativo. Ahora se sabe que muchos otros grupos étnicos también sufren enfermedades CV, especialmente los que viven en población urbana y que las mujeres incluso tienen peor pronóstico si se presentan antes de los 50 años de edad. Quizás el problema médico más importante en este momento es el síndrome metabólico, que en combinación junto a los demás factores de riesgo CV multiplica el riesgo total. Los tratamientos futuros involucrarán a la genética pero, por ahora, el uso agresivo de medicamentos puede modificar favorablemente el riesgo CV, más no eliminarlo.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Aterosclerosis , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Factores de Riesgo

RESUMEN

LipL32 is the major lipoprotein in the membrane of pathogenic leptospira. In this work, we report on the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against recombinant LipL32 (rLipL32) and on the evaluation of their potential for use as reagents in diagnostic tests for leptospirosis. The MAbs were all of the IgG(2b) isotype and reacted specifically with native LipL32 in pathogenic serovars only. MAbs reacted in the same region of the rLipL32 molecule and their affinity constant was between 5x10(7) M(-1) and 6x10(6) M(-1). These results suggest that although the MAbs cannot be used together, they are well suited for diagnostic tests of leptospirosis based on LipL32 detection.

Asunto(s)

Anticuerpos Monoclonales/química , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/inmunología , Leptospirosis/diagnóstico , Lipoproteínas/inmunología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/biosíntesis , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/aislamiento & purificación , Especificidad de Anticuerpos/inmunología , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/análisis , Pruebas Diagnósticas de Rutina , Humanos , Isotipos de Inmunoglobulinas/análisis , Pruebas Inmunológicas , Leptospirosis/inmunología , Lipoproteínas/análisis

RESUMEN

Determinar los efectos del estradiol y acetato de noretisterona sobre el perfil lipídico y la lipoproteína (a) en posmenopáusicas sanas ooforestomizadas. Se incluyeron treinta y seis mujeres sometidas a histerectomía y salpingo-ooforectomía bilateral con sintomas climatéricos. Las posmenopáusicas fueron tratadas con 2 mg de estradiol y 1 mg de acetato de noretisterona diario por 12 meses. Se midieron las concentraciones séricas de triglicéridos, HDL colesterol. LDL colesterol y colesterol y lipoproteína (a) al inicio del estudio y a los 3, 6, 9 y 12 meses de tratamiento. Hospital Central "Dr. Urquinaona", Maracaibo. No se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos de colesterol, triglicéridos y LDL colesterol después de 3, 6, 9 y 12 meses de tratamiento cuando se comparó con los valores iniciales (P = ns). Desde los primeros 3 meses de tratamiento se observo un incremento en los valores de HDL colesterol (P < 0,05). Durante los primeros 3 meses de tratamiento los niveles de lipoprotéina (a) no variaron en forma significativa (P = ns). A partir de los 6 meses de tratamiento y a los 9 y 12 meses, estos niveles séricos se incrementaron en forma estadísticamente significativa cuando se compararon con los valores iniciales (P < 0,05). La administración oral de estradiol y acetato de noretisterona produce cambios significativos en los niveles de HDL colesterol y lipoprotéina, sin afectar las concentraciones séricas de colesterol, triglicéridos y LDL colesterol en pomenopáusicas ooforectomizadas

Asunto(s)

Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Colesterol , Posmenopausia , Estradiol , Noretindrona , Lipoproteínas/análisis , Triglicéridos/análisis , Venezuela , Ginecología , Obstetricia