RESUMEN
The objective of this study was to categorise diseases associated with FeLV infection in cats. A total of 154 cats were submitted to necropsy, histopathology exam and anti-FeLV immunohistochemistry (IHC), and 83 (50.9â¯%) were IHC FeLV-positive. The cats age means of 4.1 years, including 3.6â¯% kittens, 34.9â¯% junior, 37.4â¯% prime, 18.1â¯% mature, 2.4â¯% senior, 3.6â¯% unknown age. Neoplastic diseases were most prevalent with leukaemia and lymphoma being most predominant, followed by viral diseases, bacterial, trauma, degenerative, intoxications, parasitic, malformation and others. FeLV+ cats were 5.73 times more likely to be diagnosed with neoplasms than other diseases. The odds ratio (OR) of FeLV+ cats developing leukaemia (OR = 7.75) and lymphoma (OR = 6.75) was higher than other neoplasms. FeLV infection was more prevalent in the mixed breed, junior to prime, male, with neoplastic diseases, including leukaemia and lymphoma. Therefore, understanding the diseases associated with FeLV is of paramount importance in Brazil due to its high prevalence, and it may encourage the implementation of prophylactic measures to reduce its dissemination.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos , Virus de la Leucemia Felina , Leucemia Felina , Gatos , Animales , Virus de la Leucemia Felina/aislamiento & purificación , Brasil/epidemiología , Masculino , Enfermedades de los Gatos/virología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Femenino , Prevalencia , Leucemia Felina/epidemiología , Leucemia Felina/virología , Linfoma/epidemiología , Linfoma/veterinaria , Linfoma/virología , Infecciones por Retroviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Retroviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Retroviridae/virología , Inmunohistoquímica , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Neoplasias/veterinaria , Neoplasias/virología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/veterinaria , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virologíaRESUMEN
We present here the K9 lymphoma assay, a novel 31-gene targeted next-generation sequencing panel designed for genomic profiling of canine lymphoid neoplasms. Addressing the growing demand for advanced diagnostics in veterinary oncology, this assay enables sensitive identification of known and actionable mutations specific to canine lymphomas, while evaluating its prognostic potential to facilitate diagnosis and prognosis. Our analysis, spanning several B- and T-cell lymphoma histotypes, unveiled distinct mutational landscapes distinguishing tumors derived from immature versus mature lymphocytes. Clustering analysis revealed a shared genetic origin between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma, aligning with findings in human lymphomas, with TRAF3 emerging as the most frequently mutated gene across B-cell lymphoma subtypes. Significantly, TP53 mutations demonstrated universal adverse prognostic implications across B-cell lymphomas. Additionally, SETD2 mutations contributed to shorter time-to-progression, underscoring the role of epigenetic dysregulation in B-cell tumors. In T-cell lymphomas, SATB1 and FBXW7 were frequently mutated, warranting further investigation in larger cohorts. Our findings advocate for tailored therapeutic approaches based on the genetic profile, impacting treatment decisions and outcomes in canine lymphoma management. This study provides pivotal insights bridging veterinary and human oncology, paving the way for comprehensive genomic diagnostics and therapeutic strategies in comparative oncology.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Mutación , Perros , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/genética , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Pronóstico , Linfoma/genética , Linfoma/veterinaria , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Linfoma/patología , Linfoma de Células T/genética , Linfoma de Células T/veterinaria , Linfoma de Células T/patología , Linfoma de Células T/diagnósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Dogs with lymphoma that fail cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy (CHOP) before completion of their protocol are commonly thought to have poor long-term outcome, but no previous studies have evaluated the effect of early relapse on progression-free interval (PFI) or overall survival time (OST) for patients undergoing rescue chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE: Correlate rescue treatment outcomes in dogs with multicentric lymphoma with outcomes after 1st-line CHOP chemotherapy. METHODS: Data were collected from 6 previous retrospective or prospective studies in 187 dogs with multicentric lymphoma that received 1st-line CHOP chemotherapy and then received either lomustine (CCNU), L-asparaginase and prednisone (LAP), or rabacfosadine (RAB, Tanovea), with or without prednisone or L-asparaginase. RESULTS: The PFI after initiation of CHOP chemotherapy was significantly associated with response rate postprogression, PFI, and postrescue survival time (ST) for both rescue protocols. Immunophenotype (B- vs T-cell) was not significantly associated with response, PFI or OST for LAP but was significantly associated with response and PFI for RAB. CONCLUSION: Dogs that experience short PFI during or after 1st-line CHOP chemotherapy had lower response rates to rescue treatment, with shorter PFI and ST. Immunophenotype did not significantly affect outcome with LAP but was associated with PFI for RAB.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Ciclofosfamida , Enfermedades de los Perros , Doxorrubicina , Linfoma , Prednisona , Vincristina , Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Vincristina/uso terapéutico , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapéutico , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Prednisona/uso terapéutico , Prednisona/administración & dosificación , Doxorrubicina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Masculino , Linfoma/veterinaria , Linfoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Asparaginasa/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estudios Retrospectivos , Lomustina/uso terapéutico , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Estudios Prospectivos , Alanina/análogos & derivados , PurinasRESUMEN
Left ventricular dysfunction in dogs after the administration of doxorubicin (DOX) has been extensively examined. However, the effects of DOX on right ventricular (RV) function remain unknown. Therefore, the present study investigated whether the chemotherapy treatment with DOX decreases RV function. Twelve dogs (five with multicentric lymphoma, four with hemangiosarcoma, two with thyroid cancer, and one with lung adenocarcinoma) that received at least two doses of DOX were prospectively enrolled. Echocardiography and the measurement of troponin I were performed prior to each administration of DOX and approximately one month after the last administration. Right ventricular function was assessed by the RV fractional area change and RV Tei index. Two (n=4), three (n=3), four (n=3), and five (n=2) doses of DOX were administered. While no significant differences were observed in the RV fractional area change, the RV Tei index was significantly impaired after two doses of DOX. Troponin I level significantly increased after four doses. Cumulative doses of DOX correlated with the RV Tei index (r=0.77, P<0.001). The present results demonstrated that the chemotherapy treatment with DOX decreased RV function in a dose-dependent manner in dogs.
Asunto(s)
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos , Enfermedades de los Perros , Doxorrubicina , Ecocardiografía , Troponina I , Animales , Perros , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Femenino , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Troponina I/sangre , Ecocardiografía/veterinaria , Función Ventricular Derecha/efectos de los fármacos , Disfunción Ventricular Derecha/veterinaria , Disfunción Ventricular Derecha/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfoma/veterinaria , Linfoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Prospectivos , Hemangiosarcoma/veterinaria , Hemangiosarcoma/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Lymphoma represents up to 30% of neoplasms diagnosed in cats. Diagnosis of lymphoma in the urinary system by examination of urine sediment has been described in a dog, but apparently not previously in cats. Concurrent samples of serum, EDTA whole blood, and urine were submitted from a 15-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat exhibiting weight loss, polyuria, and polydipsia. Hematology and biochemical abnormalities included a mild normocytic, normochromic, non-regenerative anemia; an inflammatory leukogram; and azotemia. Urinalysis evaluation revealed inadequate urine concentration and marked proteinuria. Wet-mount urine sediment examination revealed moderate numbers of leukocytes and erythrocytes. A uniform population of intermediate-to-large lymphocytes was observed on a fresh, Wright-Giemsa-stained preparation from cytocentrifuged urine. The cat was euthanized and necropsy was completed. Bilateral renomegaly was identified and characterized by multifocal, pale-yellow, coalescing, poorly defined, homogenous nodules. Microscopically, these nodules were composed of dense sheets of CD3-positive round cells, consistent with T-cell renal lymphoma. Key clinical message: Lymphoma is a common neoplasm in cats that can affect many organ systems, including the upper urinary tract. This case represents an uncommon method of identifying neoplastic lymphocytes via evaluation of cytocentrifuged urine, and emphasizes the benefits of examining Romanowsky-stained urine sediment in animals.
Diagnostic du lymphome rénal chez un chat par évaluation d'urine cytocentrifugée avec coloration Wright-Giemsa. Le lymphome représente jusqu'à 30 % des néoplasmes diagnostiqués chez le chat. Le diagnostic d'un lymphome du système urinaire par examen des sédiments urinaires a été décrit chez un chien, mais apparemment pas à ce jour chez le chat. Des échantillons simultanés de sérum, de sang total dans un tube avec EDTA et d'urine ont été soumis provenant d'une chatte domestique à poils courts stérilisée de 15 ans présentant une perte de poids, une polyurie et une polydipsie. Les anomalies hématologiques et biochimiques comprenaient une légère anémie normocytaire, normochrome et non régénérative; une formule leucocytaire inflammatoire; et une azotémie. L'analyse d'urine a révélé une concentration urinaire insuffisante et une protéinurie marquée. L'examen microscopique des sédiments urinaires a révélé un nombre modéré de leucocytes et d'érythrocytes. Une population uniforme de lymphocytes de taille intermédiaire à grande a été observée sur une préparation fraîche colorée au Wright-Giemsa à partir d'urine cytocentrifugée. Le chat a été euthanasié et une autopsie a été réalisée. Une rénomégalie bilatérale a été identifiée et caractérisée par des nodules multifocaux, jaune pâle, coalescents, mal définis et homogènes. Au microscope, ces nodules étaient composés de feuilles denses de cellules rondes CD3-positives, compatibles avec un lymphome rénal à cellules T.Message clinique clé :Le lymphome est une tumeur courante chez le chat qui peut affecter de nombreux systèmes organiques, y compris les voies urinaires supérieures. Ce cas représente une méthode rare d'identification des lymphocytes néoplasiques via l'évaluation de l'urine cytocentrifugée et met l'emphase sur les avantages de l'examen des sédiments urinaires avec coloration de Romanowsky chez les animaux.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos , Neoplasias Renales , Animales , Gatos , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Gatos/orina , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Neoplasias Renales/veterinaria , Neoplasias Renales/orina , Neoplasias Renales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Urinálisis/veterinaria , Linfoma/veterinaria , Linfoma/orina , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Células T/veterinaria , Linfoma de Células T/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Células T/orina , Linfoma de Células T/patologíaRESUMEN
Multiagent chemotherapy is considered the most effective treatment for canine high-grade lymphoma; however, due to cost and time requirements, single-agent protocols have also been described. The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcome and prognostic factors of dogs affected by multicentric lymphoma treated with lomustine and prednisolone as first-line treatment. Cases of medium-large-cell multicentric lymphoma treated with lomustine and prednisolone were included in the study. Response to therapy, time to progression (TTP), median disease-free interval (MDFI) and median survival time (MST) were retrospectively described. Thirty cases were included. Eleven (36.67%) were T cell, 11 (36.67%) were B cell and 8 (26.66%) had unknown immunophenotype. The overall response rate (RR) was 87%, with 15 patients achieving CR (50%) and 11 patients PR (37%). The median TTP, MDFI and MST were 42, 63 and 90 days, respectively. The only factor significantly associated with MDFI and MST was the stage. Dogs with multicentric lymphoma treated with lomustine and prednisolone have lower RR, TTP, MDFI and MST compared with dogs receiving multiagent protocols. Based on the short-lasting response, this study confirms that this protocol might have minimal utility beyond palliation.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Lomustina , Prednisolona , Animales , Lomustina/uso terapéutico , Perros , Prednisolona/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Linfoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfoma/veterinaria , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Lymphoproliferative neoplasia has been reported in both free-ranging sea otters and those in managed care, but little information is available on the management of this neoplastic disease in this species. This case series describes clinical lymphoma in four northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in managed care. Two otters presented with Stage 5 lymphoma with evidence of hematologic spread resulting in leukemia. Two additional otters presented with Stage 3 disease. Immunophenotypes in these cases included disseminated large B-cell lymphoma and lymphoblastic lymphoma of potential T-cell origin. Cases were managed with multiagent chemotherapy protocols including prednisone, L-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, cytosine arabinoside, lomustine, and doxorubicin. Unique approaches included the use of a vascular access port in one case and development of an autologous vaccine in another. Survival time ranged from 81 to 409 days. Diagnosis, staging, and treatment with multiagent protocols is recommended for the management of lymphoma in sea otters.
Asunto(s)
Nutrias , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Linfoma/veterinaria , Linfoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Regional lymph nodes are frequently sampled in cats with suspected intestinal lymphoma; however, their diagnostic value has not been explored. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether histologic and immunohistochemical analysis of mesenteric lymph nodes correlates with the diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma in cats. ANIMALS: One hundred 2 client-owned cats diagnosed with intestinal lymphoma. METHODS: Retrospective study. The inclusion criteria required a full-thickness biopsy of the small intestine and concurrent excision of mesenteric lymph nodes. Histologic and immunophenotypic analyses were performed on intestinal biopsies and corresponding lymph nodes. Selected nodal samples diagnosed with reactive lymph nodes underwent clonality testing. RESULTS: Transmural T-cell lymphomas, encompassing small and large cell types, were predominant (64 cases, 62.7%), with large B-cell lymphomas being more frequently transmural (68.8%) than mucosal (31.2%). Among all lymph nodes examined, 44 (43.1%; 95% CI: 33.9%-52.8%) exhibited neoplastic infiltration. Among cases of small cell lymphoma, 51 out of 72 (70.8%; 95% CI: 59.4%-80.1%) showed no nodal involvement. Clonality results correctly identified 19/30 (63.3%; 95% CI: 45.5%-78.2%) reactive lymph nodes. Concerns were raised regarding clonal identification in the remaining cases and potential misdiagnoses based on phenotypic characteristics. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The study underscores the potential drawbacks of relying solely on mesenteric lymph nodes for diagnosing intestinal lymphomas in cats, particularly small cell subtypes. It emphasizes the importance of full-thickness biopsies for assessing transmural infiltration and recommends caution when utilizing mesenteric lymph nodes for histologic, immunohistochemical and clonality evaluations in mucosal lymphomas. Despite limitations, this research highlights the need for comprehensive diagnostic strategies in cats with intestinal lymphoma.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos , Neoplasias Intestinales , Ganglios Linfáticos , Linfoma , Animales , Gatos , Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Intestinales/veterinaria , Neoplasias Intestinales/patología , Neoplasias Intestinales/diagnóstico , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Masculino , Femenino , Linfoma/veterinaria , Linfoma/patología , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Biopsia/veterinaria , Intestino Delgado/patología , Mesenterio/patología , Linfoma de Células T/veterinaria , Linfoma de Células T/patología , Linfoma de Células T/diagnósticoRESUMEN
L-Asparaginase (L-Asp) is often used to induce remission in feline large-cell gastrointestinal lymphoma (LCGIL). However, no study has evaluated the efficacy and adverse events following the initial use of this drug as a first-line treatment in feline LCGIL. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of cats with LCGIL treated with L-Asp to induce remission. This study included 43 cats. The response rate (RR) after the first administration of L-Asp was 37.2% (Complete remission: 7.0%, partial remission: 30.2%). RR was significantly higher in cases with primary gastric lesions (64.3%) than in those with primary intestinal lesions (24.1%) (P=0.018), and it was also higher in cases without anemia (57.1%) than those with anemia (15.0%) (P=0.009). The most common adverse event was hyperammonemia, which occurred in 10 of 12 cases where we could compare plasma ammonia concentrations before and after the first dose of L-Asp. Plasma phosphate concentrations were also significantly increased (P<0.001) within 24 hr after the first dose. Decreased appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea were also observed in five, three, and seven cases, respectively, and Grade 3 or higher gastrointestinal signs were observed as adverse events in three cases. The median overall survival of all cats was 150 days (range, 5-1,065 days), and the median progression-free survival was 104 days (range, 2-978 days). In conclusion, L-Asp was effective to induce remission, and severe adverse events were uncommon in feline LCGIL.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Asparaginasa , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Neoplasias Gastrointestinales , Gatos , Animales , Asparaginasa/efectos adversos , Asparaginasa/administración & dosificación , Asparaginasa/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gastrointestinales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gastrointestinales/veterinaria , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Resultado del Tratamiento , Linfoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfoma/veterinaria , Inducción de RemisiónRESUMEN
Background: Although relatively uncommon, lymphoma is the most prevalent haematopoietic neoplasia in horses, and multicentric lymphoma remains the most common presentation of the disease. The pathogenesis of equine lymphoma is still poorly understood and the diagnosis is usually confirmed at an advanced stage of the disease, compromising the prognosis. This study investigated the clinical, pathological, and molecular features of a case of equine multicentric lymphoma. Case Description: An apparently healthy 5-year-old crossbreed mare hospitalized at the Centre of Animal Reproduction of Vairão, Portugal, suddenly presented clinical signs of supraorbital oedema and mandibular lymph node enlargement, developing fever, facial oedema, and generalized lymphadenopathy. The mare ended up dying twenty-four days after the first clinical signs due to multisystem organ failure. Haematological and biochemical analyses, necropsy, and microscopic and molecular evaluation of affected tissues were performed. At necropsy, the main findings were multiple multinodular lesions, distributed along the serous surface of oropharynx, trachea, pericardium, gastrointestinal tract, and mesentery. Microscopically, these consisted of solid proliferations of neoplastic round cells that exhibited immunopositivity for CD3 (T cells). Based on these findings, a medium-grade multicentric T-cell lymphoma was diagnosed. Conclusion: There is still very little research regarding the molecular characterization of lymphoma in horses. As an entity itself is quite heterogeneous, it is important to describe the interspecies particularities to understand its development and behaviour.
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Enfermedades de los Caballos , Caballos , Animales , Enfermedades de los Caballos/patología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Femenino , Resultado Fatal , Linfoma/veterinaria , Linfoma/patología , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Portugal , Linfoma de Células T/veterinaria , Linfoma de Células T/patología , Linfoma de Células T/diagnósticoRESUMEN
The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (NSDTR) is predisposed to immune mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD), steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) and certain forms of cancer. Cytokines are the main regulators of the immune system. Interleukin 2 is a cytokine involved in activation of T regulatory cells, playing a role in central tolerance and tumor immunity. Interleukin 12 and interleukin 23 share the same subunit, p40, and are both pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to compare levels of IL-2 in healthy NSDTRs to those with cancer or autoimmune disease and to compare levels of IL-12/IL-23p40 in healthy NSDTRs and beagles versus NSDTRs with cancer or autoimmune disease. 62 dogs were included in the analysis of IL-12/IL-23p40; healthy NSDTRs (n = 16), healthy beagles (n = 16), NSDTRs autoimmune (n = 18) and NDSTRs lymphoma/mastocytoma (n = 12) and 68 dogs for IL-2; healthy (n = 20), autoimmune (n = 36) and lymphoma/mastocytoma/adenocarcinoma (n = 12). NSDTRs with autoimmune disease had higher levels of IL-12/IL-23p40 compared to healthy dogs (p = 0.008). NSDTRs with lymphoma also had higher levels of IL-12/IL-23p40 compared to healthy NSDTRs (p = 0.002). There was no difference in levels of IL-2 between healthy and diseased NSDTR. Statistical analysis was performed using Bonferroni corrections for multiple testing. These findings can contribute to the knowledge of autoimmune disease and cancer in dogs.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Autoinmunes , Enfermedades de los Perros , Interleucina-12 , Linfoma , Animales , Perros , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/veterinaria , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Linfoma/veterinaria , Linfoma/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Perros/inmunología , Femenino , Masculino , Interleucina-23 , Interleucina-2RESUMEN
Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antitumor antibiotic with dose-dependent and cumulative cardiotoxicity. However, the necessity for serial cardiac evaluation is unknown in dogs without risk factors for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This study aimed to investigate serial changes in echocardiographic and electrocardiographic measures in small- and medium-sized dogs after four doxorubicin doses. We included 17 dogs, weighting < 20â¯kg, with multicentric lymphoma. All dogs received doxorubicin over 30â¯min every 4 weeks as part of a multi-drug chemotherapy protocol. The average doxorubicin dose was 3.8 times per dog. Clinical cardiotoxicity was not observed during the monitoring period. The incidence of developing arrhythmia was not significantly associated with the number of doxorubicin doses received (P = 0.600). The development of valvular regurgitations and mitral regurgitation in these dogs was not significantly associated with the number of doxorubicin doses (P = 0.363 and P = 0.779, respectively). The other echocardiographic results were not significantly different between each evaluation. In conclusion, our results showed no significant cardiotoxicity under echocardiogram and electrocardiogram in small- and medium-sized dogs without risk factors for DCM after four doses of doxorubicin in a 30-minute infusion method.
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Antibióticos Antineoplásicos , Enfermedades de los Perros , Doxorrubicina , Ecocardiografía , Electrocardiografía , Linfoma , Animales , Perros , Doxorrubicina/uso terapéutico , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Femenino , Masculino , Linfoma/veterinaria , Linfoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Ecocardiografía/veterinaria , Electrocardiografía/veterinaria , Cardiotoxicidad/veterinaria , Cardiotoxicidad/etiologíaRESUMEN
A black skimmer (Rynchops niger) and a brown booby (Sula leucogaster) were rescued and gross, histopathological, immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction evaluations were conducted to investigate the cause of death. There were neoplastic infiltrations of CD3+ PAX5- lymphocytes in the black skimmer and CD3- PAX5+ lymphocytes in the brown booby. Molecular assays for viral agents were negative in both cases. This is the first report of disseminated lymphoma as the cause of stranding and death in these species in Brazil.
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Enfermedades de las Aves , Aves , Linfoma , Animales , Linfoma/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Aves/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIM: Stage migration, a phenomenon triggered by technological advancements allowing more sensitive tumor spread detection, results in alterations in the distribution of cancer stages within a population. Canine multicentric lymphoma is staged I to V based on the affected anatomic site(s) and substage a or b depending on the presence of tumor-related clinical signs. The primary objective of this study was to assess the influence of various diagnostic techniques on staging accuracy and determine whether multiple staging methods lead to significant stage migration, impacting the reliability of disease stage assignments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dogs cytologically diagnosed with multicentric lymphoma were staged using four different staging methods (A-D): A (physical examination, hemogram, blood smear), B (A plus thoracic X-ray, abdominal ultrasound), C (B plus liver and spleen cytology) and D (C plus bone marrow cytology). RESULTS: Twenty-three dogs were enrolled: 16 females (70%) and seven males (30%). Regarding immunophenotype, 21 dogs (91.3%) were B-cell and two dogs (8.7%) were T-cell. Stage migration was observed between all staging methods. Between A and B, 12 animals migrated from stage III to stage IV. Between B and C, four animals migrated, three to a higher stage (stage III to IV) and one to a lower stage (stage IV to III). Between C and D, one animal migrated from stage IV to V. The differences between staging methods A and B were statistically significant (p≤0.001). CONCLUSION: Stage migration in canine multicentric lymphoma depends on the diagnostic methods used and reinforces the need to use standardized staging methods to avoid it.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Linfoma , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Perros , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Linfoma/veterinaria , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Linfoma/patología , InmunofenotipificaciónRESUMEN
The current standard of care treatment for canine lymphoma is a multi-agent, CHOP-based chemotherapy protocol. Single agent doxorubicin (DOX) is less burdensome; however, multi-agent chemotherapy protocols are often superior. The recently approved drug rabacfosadine (RAB, Tanovea) provides an attractive option for combination therapy with DOX, as both drugs demonstrate efficacy against lymphoma and possess different mechanisms of action. A previous study evaluating alternating RAB/DOX reported an overall response rate (ORR) of 84%, with a median progression-free survival time (PFS) of 194 days. The aim of this prospective trial was to evaluate the same protocol in an additional population of dogs. Fifty-nine dogs with treatment naïve lymphoma were enrolled. RAB (1.0 mg/kg IV) was alternated with DOX (30 mg/m2 IV) every 21 days for up to six total treatments (3 cycles). Response assessment and adverse event (AE) evaluation were performed every 21 days using VCOG criteria. The ORR was 93% (79% CR, 14% PR). The median time to maximal response was 21.5 days; median PFS was 199 days. T cell immunophenotype and lack of treatment response were predictive of inferior outcomes. AEs were mostly gastrointestinal. Six dogs developed presumed or confirmed pulmonary fibrosis; four were grade 5. One dog experienced grade 3 extravasation injury with RAB that resolved with supportive treatment. These data mirror those of the previously reported RAB/DOX study, and support the finding that alternating RAB/DOX is a reasonable treatment option for canine lymphoma.
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Enfermedades de los Perros , Doxorrubicina , Linfoma , Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapéutico , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Masculino , Linfoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfoma/veterinaria , Alanina/uso terapéutico , Alanina/análogos & derivados , Alanina/administración & dosificación , Estudios Prospectivos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , PurinasRESUMEN
Despite an initial strong response in most dogs with multicentric lymphoma treated with chemotherapy, relapse remains common. There is no clearly superior first rescue protocol described either for resistant or relapsed canine multicentric lymphoma. The objectives of this study were to assess clinical response and outcomes for canine multicentric lymphoma treated with first rescue protocols. The secondary objective was to assess prognostic variables for dogs undergoing these protocols. This was a bi-institutional retrospective cohort study. Two hundred and sixty-five dogs were treated with first rescue chemotherapy, including anthracycline-based combination chemotherapy (CHOP-like, n = 50), nitrosourea alkylating agent-rich chemotherapy (n = 45), anthracycline-based or related compound chemotherapy (n = 34), or nitrosourea single-agent chemotherapy (n = 136). The overall median progression free survival time of first rescue protocol was 56.0 days (0-455 days). Important prognostic factors identified for first rescue protocol included the attainment of a complete response to the first rescue chemotherapy (p < .001), the use of a CHOP-like first rescue protocol (p = .009), duration of first remission (HR 0.997, p = .028), and if prednisolone was included in the first rescue protocol (HR 0.41, p = .003). Adverse events (AE) were common, with 81.1% of dogs experiencing at least one AE during first rescue chemotherapy. This study highlights the need for improved first rescue therapies to provide durable remission in canine resistant or relapsed lymphoma.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Enfermedades de los Perros , Linfoma , Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Masculino , Linfoma/veterinaria , Linfoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Pronóstico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estudios de Cohortes , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Traditional dosing of chemotherapy drugs based on body surface area may overdose small dogs, leading to an increased frequency of adverse events (AEs). HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the frequency of hematologic and gastrointestinal AEs in dogs with newly diagnosed lymphoma treated with vincristine weighing ≤15 kg in comparison to dogs weighing >15 kg. We hypothesized that dogs weighing ≤15 kg would experience a higher frequency of AEs. ANIMALS: One hundred and thirty-eight dogs with newly diagnosed lymphoma were treated with vincristine. METHODS: A multicenter retrospective study reviewing hematologic data and medical record information. Complete blood counts were performed no more than 24 hours before vincristine administration and then between 4 and 8 days post-administration. Data were evaluated using logistic regression or ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS: Thirty-eight dogs weighing ≤15 kg and 100 dogs weighing >15 kg were included. The median vincristine dose for both groups was 0.6 mg/m2. Seventeen (12.3%) instances of neutropenia occurred with no significant difference in overall frequency or grade between groups. Thirty initially asymptomatic substage A dogs (29.4%) experienced gastrointestinal AEs. Because of the widespread use of gastrointestinal supportive care medications, statistical comparison between groups could not be performed. Seven instances of hospitalization occurred (5.0%) and the risk of hospitalization did not differ significantly between groups (P = .37). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Vincristine dosed at ≤0.6 mg/m2 does not increase the risk of hematologic AEs in dogs weighing ≤15 kg.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos , Peso Corporal , Enfermedades de los Perros , Linfoma , Vincristina , Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Vincristina/efectos adversos , Vincristina/uso terapéutico , Vincristina/administración & dosificación , Linfoma/veterinaria , Linfoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/efectos adversos , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/uso terapéutico , Neutropenia/inducido químicamente , Neutropenia/veterinariaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Myocardial dysfunction in cardio-oncology is generally thought to be related to the cardiotoxicity of chemotherapy treatment. However, it is known that some tumors have direct effects on myocardial function. These effects have already been studied in man, but there are no publications of these of the effects in dogs. Novel advanced echocardiographic techniques may allow early detection of myocardial dysfunction when compared to conventional echocardiographic techniques. This study aims to assess myocardial systolic function in dogs with multicentric lymphoma prior to initiation of chemotherapy. ANIMALS: Fifteen dogs with multicentric lymphoma and nineteen healthy dogs. METHODS: Case-control study. Dogs with multicentric lymphoma and healthy control dogs underwent physical examination, electrocardiography, systolic blood pressure measurement, standard and speckle tracking echocardiography to assess biventricular systolic function. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups in terms of ejection fraction, fractional shortening, left ventricular systolic and diastolic diameter, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, mitral annular plane systolic excursion and fractional area change of the right ventricle (RV). However, there was a reduction in the values of global circumferential strain (p = 0.0003), RV strain (p = 0.01) and RV tissue motion annular displacement (p < 0.05) in the dogs with lymphoma when compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Speckle tracking techniques appear to demonstrate early systolic dysfunction, primarily affecting the RV, in dogs with lymphoma prior to chemotherapy treatment.
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Enfermedades de los Perros , Ecocardiografía , Linfoma , Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/fisiopatología , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Linfoma/veterinaria , Linfoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Ecocardiografía/veterinaria , Femenino , Función Ventricular Derecha , Función Ventricular Izquierda , Sístole , Electrocardiografía/veterinariaRESUMEN
A 10-year-old American Shorthair cat presented with anorexia and jaundice, and echogenic evaluation revealed diffuse thickening of the common bile duct (CBD) wall. An exploratory laparotomy was conducted, the lesion was evaluated as difficult to remove, and the cat was euthanized and autopsied. Histologically, round neoplastic cells proliferated in the mucosa of the CBD and infiltrated the hepatic lobe, pancreas, and duodenum. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the neoplastic cells were positive for cytoplasmic-CD3 and granzyme B, and TCR-gamma clonal rearrangement was detected. Based on these findings, the neoplasia was diagnosed as a primary CBD lymphoma originating from cytotoxic T or natural killer cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of feline primary CBD lymphoma. Although rare, lymphoma of the CBD should be considered in cats with jaundice and thickening of the CBD.