RESUMEN
Schinus is a genus of the Anacardiaceae family and contains Schinus terebinthifolius, the Brazilian pepper tree that is widely used in folk medicine. We investigate the anti-allergic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of S. terebinthifolius Raddi (ST fraction). HPLC analysis reveled that gallic acid, methyl gallate and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose are the major aromatic components of the fraction. Oral pre-treatment with the ST fraction (100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited paw edema induced by compound 48/80 (100 ng/paw) and to a lesser extent, the allergic paw edema (OVA, 3 microg/paw). The ST fraction (100 and 200 mg/kg) also inhibited the edema induced by histamine (100 microg/paw), preventing mast cell degranulation and, consequently, histamine release in Wistar rat peritoneal mast cells induced by C 48/80 (5 microg/mL). This histamine inhibition was also observed after mast cell pre-treatment with both methyl gallate and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose (100 microg/mL), the isolated compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction. Pre-treatment with the ST fraction (100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited total leukocyte and eosinophil accumulation in pleural cavities 24 h after the intrathoracic injection of OVA (12.5 microg/cavity). This effect was related to the inhibition of CCL11/eotaxin and CCL5/RANTES in pleural lavage fluid. Pre-treatment with this fraction (100 mg/kg) failed to reduce the cell influx that was observed after LPS-injection into pleural cavity (250 ng/cavity). These findings demonstrate the anti-allergic effect of the ST fraction, which includes the inhibition of edema formation and histamine release caused by mast cell degranulation and eosinophil influx into the pleural cavity probably reflected by the decreased levels of chemokines in recovered pleural lavage fluid.
Asunto(s)
Anacardiaceae/química , Antialérgicos/uso terapéutico , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Hojas de la Planta/química , Pleuresia/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antialérgicos/farmacología , Quimiocinas/efectos de los fármacos , Quimiocinas/inmunología , Edema/inmunología , Histamina/administración & dosificación , Histamina/farmacología , Liberación de Histamina/efectos de los fármacos , Liberación de Histamina/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Masculino , Mastocitos/inmunología , Mastocitos/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ovalbúmina/administración & dosificación , Ovalbúmina/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Pleuresia/inmunología , Prometazina/administración & dosificación , Prometazina/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Mast cells (MC) are abundant in the lung and other peripheral tissue, where they participate in inflammatory processes against bacterial infections. Like other effector cells of the innate immune system, MC interact directly with a wide variety of infectious agents. This interaction results in MC activation and inflammatory mediator release. We demonstrated that MC interact with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, triggering the release of several prestored reagents, such as histamine and beta-hexosaminidase, and de novo synthesized cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-6. A number of M. tuberculosis Ags, ESAT-6, MTSA-10, and MPT-63, have been implicated in MC activation and mediator release. A MC plasmalemmal protein, CD48, was implicated in interactions with mycobacteria because CD48 appeared to aggregate in the MC membrane at sites of bacterial binding and because Abs to CD48 inhibited the MC histamine response to mycobacteria. Cumulatively, these findings suggest that MC, even in the absence of opsonins, can directly recognize M. tuberculosis and its Ags and have the potential to play an active role in mediating the host's innate response to M. tuberculosis infection.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos CD/fisiología , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Mastocitos/inmunología , Mastocitos/microbiología , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/inmunología , Animales , Antígenos Bacterianos/farmacología , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígenos CD/ultraestructura , Adhesión Bacteriana/inmunología , Proteínas Bacterianas/farmacología , Antígeno CD48 , Comunicación Celular/inmunología , Glicosilfosfatidilinositoles/metabolismo , Glicosilfosfatidilinositoles/fisiología , Liberación de Histamina/inmunología , Masculino , Mastocitos/metabolismo , Mastocitos/ultraestructura , Microdominios de Membrana/inmunología , Microdominios de Membrana/metabolismo , Microdominios de Membrana/microbiología , Microscopía Confocal , Microscopía Inmunoelectrónica , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/fisiología , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/ultraestructura , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacología , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
La alergia a fármacos es un problema importante en salud pública, que día a día tiene mayor. repercusión en nuestra población. Lamentablemente en nuestro medio no se le otorga la debida importancia; por lo que no contamos con fuentes de referencia sobre la incidencia y las consecuencias de esta patología. Esta realidad, también la falta de procedimientos para un diagnostico correcto y de verdadero beneficio para las personas alérgicas, que permitan la identificación de él o los fármacos que potencialmente podrían causar reacciones nocivas y así permitir el uso de medicamentos sin el temor de ocasionar una reacción adversa. En este sentido, pretendimos adecuar una nueva prueba de laboratorio destinada a evaluar la liberación de histamina como una alternativa diagnóstica que sea precisa y que oriente a tomar las acciones más adecuadas en el caso de pacientes con sospecha cíe alergia
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Diagnóstico , Histamina , Hipersensibilidad , Liberación de Histamina , Liberación de Histamina/fisiología , Liberación de Histamina/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Liberación de Histamina/efectos de la radiación , Liberación de Histamina/genéticaAsunto(s)
Liberación de Histamina/genética , Nippostrongylus , Receptores de IgE/genética , Infecciones por Strongylida/inmunología , Animales , Liberación de Histamina/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas WKY , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de IgE/inmunología , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
The high affinity IgE receptor on mast cells and basophils is composed of 3 subunits, alpha, beta and gamma. A polyclonal antibody was raised in rabbits to a 13 amino acid synthetic peptide corresponding to the amino terminal portion of the gamma subunit. The antiserum was screened using Western blots of solubilized RBL-2H3 cells and 125I goat anti-rabbit IgG. After purification of the serum on a protein G column, RBL-2H3 cells, mouse mast cells, and human basophils showed a doublet at 20 000 kDa. When 125I labeled, saponin-permeabilized cells were immunoprecipitated with the anti-gamma antibody, all 3 subunits of the IgE receptor complex coprecipitated. Furthermore, binding of the antibody to the cell surface did not induce histamine release. By immunofluorescence of fixed cells, the receptor was evenly distributed in the RBL-2H3 cells. Although no capping was observed when the cells were incubated with the antibody prior to fixation, the antibody did stimulate endocytosis when it was bound to the cells at 25 degrees C or at 37 degrees C, but not at 4 degrees C. Binding of the antibody to the RBL-2H3 cells also induced cell spreading and ruffling of the plasma membrane. The results of this study indicate that the gamma subunit of the high affinity IgE receptor may play a role in signal transduction.
Asunto(s)
Basófilos/química , Liberación de Histamina , Leucemia Basofílica Aguda/patología , Receptores de IgE/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos/química , Anticuerpos/farmacología , Basófilos/metabolismo , Sitios de Unión de Anticuerpos , Epítopos/metabolismo , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Liberación de Histamina/inmunología , Microscopía Electrónica , Ratas , Receptores de IgE/química , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
The tea made with leaves and stems of plant Anchietia salutaris is traditionally used in Brazil to treat allergies. We examined the effects of a crude aqueous extract and of purified fractions of this plant on the histamine release induced in rat and guinea pig tissues. The crude extract (3-10 micrograms/ml) inhibits the histamine release induced by compound 48/80 (0.5 microgram/ml) and antigen in rat peritoneal mast cells. The inhibition is significant after 10 s of preincubation and is completed after 3 min. The crude extract dissolved in the perfusion fluid (1-30 micrograms/ml) also inhibits the histamine release induced in guinea pig heart by cardiac anaphylaxis and in hearts from pretreated animals (10-100 mg/kg i.p.). In pretreated animals, the effect manifests after 3 h, is maximum after 12 h and disappears after 48 h. The histamine release induced in isolated guinea pig heart by ionophore A23187 is inhibited by similar doses as in antigen-induced histamine release. Extraction with solvents concentrated the active principle(s) in the hexane fractions, as demonstrated by the inhibition of the histamine release induced by antigen in isolated cells from guinea pig heart dispersed with collagenase. In subfractions produced by the fractionation of the hexane fraction, the active principle(s) concentrated in the subfractions obtained by extraction with hexane and ethyl acetate, which shows the low polarity of the compound(s). The same subfractions that inhibit the histamine release induced by antigen in cells from guinea pig heart also inhibit pulmonary cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)