RESUMEN
The oral leukoplakia/erythroplakia is one of the most common epithelial precursor lesions of the oral squamous cell carcinoma. A clinical distinction is drawn between homogeneous and non-homogeneous as well as proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and erythroplakia. Due to the fact that the oral squamous cell carcinoma has a poor prognosis it is very important to decrease morbidity and mortality by systematic primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of the oral leukoplakia/erythroplakia. On the basis of histological classification systems the risk of malignant transformation can be evaluated, a defined therapy can be induced and the prognosis can be derived.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Eritroplasia/diagnóstico , Leucoplasia Bucal/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Boca/diagnóstico , Lesiones Precancerosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/prevención & control , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Diagnóstico Precoz , Eritroplasia/clasificación , Eritroplasia/patología , Eritroplasia/prevención & control , Humanos , Leucoplasia Vellosa/clasificación , Leucoplasia Vellosa/diagnóstico , Leucoplasia Vellosa/patología , Leucoplasia Vellosa/prevención & control , Leucoplasia Bucal/clasificación , Leucoplasia Bucal/patología , Leucoplasia Bucal/prevención & control , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/clasificación , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/prevención & control , Lesiones Precancerosas/clasificación , Lesiones Precancerosas/patología , Lesiones Precancerosas/prevención & control , Pronóstico , Factores de Riesgo , Fumar/efectos adversosRESUMEN
The workshop agreed that the development of consensus quantification protocols was desirable, but that this whole field was underdeveloped, to date. The working goals were therefore redefined (vide infra). Three possible protocols were presented and discussed relating to oral hairy leukoplakia, oral ulceration (NOS) and oral candidiasis. There was agreement that different data-set protocols would have to be developed for specific HIV-related mucosal diseases. Furthermore, the data set should be consistent, standardized and disaggregated. In this way, with everyone working to the same standards of outcome, data from geographically, nationally, socially or culturally different areas could be readily compared. A future meeting to generate the disease-specific protocols would, most likely, be needed.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/clasificación , Consenso , Guías como Asunto , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Enfermedades de la Boca/clasificación , Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa , Candidiasis Bucal/clasificación , Recolección de Datos/normas , Recolección de Datos/estadística & datos numéricos , Salud Global , Humanos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Leucoplasia Vellosa/clasificación , Úlceras Bucales/clasificación , Pronóstico , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions strongly associated with HIV infection and to assess the oral health behaviour among patients attending Queen Elizabeth II Hospital in Maseru. The objectives were: (i) to determine the prevalence of group 1 lesions in HIV-positive patients according to the ECC/WHO classification; (ii) assess the oral hygiene practices of these patients; and (iii) make recommendations based on the findings. METHODOLOGY: A questionnaire was administered by an interviewer to a sample of 270 patients with a serological diagnosis of HIV infection to assess their oral health behaviour; they were then examined for oral manifestations. The assessment of oral health behaviour involved determining the regularity and frequency of oral hygiene practices, and use of mouth wash, interdental and other adjunct cleaning aids. The presumptive criteria as defined by the ECC/WHO classification were used for diagnosis of the oral mucosal lesions. Results were entered and analysed using Epi info-6 statistical software RESULTS: The prevalence of specific oral mucosal lesions in order of occurrence was pseudomembranous candidiasis 27%, erythematous candidiasis 26%, angular cheilitis 14%, hairy leukoplakia 12%, ulcerations 12%, necrotising gingivitis 5%, linear gingival erythema 3%, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma less than 1%. This pattern reflects the findings in other regional studies where pseudomembranous candidiasis is often the most common lesion found. Nearly all patients reported cleaning their mouths; 82% did it every day. Mouth wash and interdental cleaning aids were not often used. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence (73%) of oral mucosal lesions was found. Oral candidiasis was the most common group of lesions (54%). The oral hygiene practices reported by the patients were considered acceptable.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Higiene Bucal/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Candidiasis Bucal/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Encuestas de Salud Bucal , Femenino , Seropositividad para VIH/epidemiología , Hospitales/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Leucoplasia Vellosa/clasificación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades de la Boca/clasificación , Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Salud Bucal , Higiene Bucal/métodos , Higiene Bucal/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Sudáfrica/epidemiología , Encuestas y CuestionariosAsunto(s)
Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/clasificación , Países Desarrollados , Países en Desarrollo , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Enfermedades de la Boca/clasificación , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/complicaciones , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/transmisión , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Humanos , Leucoplasia Vellosa/clasificación , Neoplasias de la Boca/clasificación , Enfermedades Periodontales/clasificación , Sarcoma de Kaposi/clasificaciónRESUMEN
As lesões brancas mais comumente encontradas na cavidade oral podem ser classificadas de acordo com a etiologia em congênitas e adquiridas, sendo essas últimas divididas em infecciosas e não-infecciosas. O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever de forma sucinta a etiologia, as características clínicas, o diagnóstico diferencial, o tratamento e o prognóstico das referidas lesões. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico, dando ênfase às citações mais atualizadas
Asunto(s)
Quemaduras , Candidiasis Bucal/clasificación , Candidiasis Mucocutánea Crónica/clasificación , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/clasificación , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Disqueratosis Congénita/clasificación , Leucoplasia Vellosa/clasificación , Leucoplasia Bucal/clasificación , Leucoplasia/clasificación , Liquen Plano/clasificación , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Nevo/clasificación , Medicina Oral , Papiloma/clasificaciónRESUMEN
In the present classification of oral lesions associated with HIV infection a distinction is made between presumptive and definitive diagnostic criteria. The former relate to the initial clinical appearance of the lesion and the latter are often the result of special investigations. Candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, specific forms of periodontal disease, Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are strongly associated with HIV infection. Lesions less commonly associated with HIV infection and lesions seen in HIV infection, but not indicative of the disease, are also listed.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Enfermedades de la Boca/clasificación , Enfermedades de la Boca/diagnóstico , Candidiasis Bucal/clasificación , Candidiasis Bucal/diagnóstico , Humanos , Leucoplasia Vellosa/clasificación , Leucoplasia Vellosa/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Boca/clasificación , Neoplasias de la Boca/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Periodontales/clasificación , Enfermedades Periodontales/diagnósticoRESUMEN
A consensus has been reached on the classification of the oral manifestations of HIV infection and their diagnostic criteria, based on presumptive and definitive criteria. The former relate to the initial clinical appearance of the lesion and the latter are often the result of special investigations. Candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, specific forms of periodontal disease [linear gingival erythema, necrotising-(ulcerative) gingivitis and necrotising(ulcerative) periodontitis], Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are strongly associated with HIV infection. Lesions less commonly associated with HIV infection and lesions seen in HIV infection, but not indicative of the disease, are also listed.