RESUMEN

Este artigo analisou a percepção e os sentimentos de casais sobre o atendimento recebido nos serviços de saúde acessados em função de perda gestacional (óbito fetal ante e intraparto). O convite para a pesquisa foi divulgado em mídias sociais (Instagram e Facebook). Dos 66 casais que contataram a equipe, 12 participaram do estudo, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu em 2018. Os casais responderam conjuntamente a uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos e uma entrevista semiestruturada, realizada presencialmente (n=4) ou por videochamada (n=8). Os dados foram gravados em áudio e posteriormente transcritos. A Análise Temática indutiva das entrevistas identificou cinco temas: sentimento de impotência, iatrogenia vivida nos serviços, falta de cuidado em saúde mental, não reconhecimento da perda como evento com consequências emocionais negativas, e características do bom atendimento. Os achados demonstraram situações de violência, comunicação deficitária, desvalorização das perdas precoces, falta de suporte para contato com o bebê falecido e rotinas pouco humanizadas, especialmente durante a internação após a perda. Para aprimorar a assistência às famílias enlutadas, sugere-se qualificação profissional, ampliação da visibilidade do tema entre diferentes atores e reorganização dos serviços, considerando uma diretriz clínica para atenção ao luto perinatal, com destaque para o fortalecimento da inserção de equipes de saúde mental no contexto hospitalar.(AU)

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This study analyzed couples' perceptions and feelings about pregnancy loss care (ante and intrapartum fetal death). A research invitation was published on social media (Instagram and Facebook) and data collection took place in 2018. Of the 66 couples who contacted the research team, 12 participated in the study by filling a sociodemographic questionnaire and answering a semi-structured interview in person (n=04) or by video call (n=08). All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and examined by Inductive Thematic Analysis, which identified five themes: feelings of impotence, iatrogenic experiences in health services, lack of mental health care, not recognizing pregnancy loss as an emotionally overwhelming event, and aspects of good healthcare. Analysis showed experiences of violence, poor communication, devaluation of early losses, lack of support for contact with the deceased baby, and dehumanizing routines, especially during hospitalization after loss. Professional qualification, extended pregnancy loss visibility among different stakeholders, and reorganization of health services are needed to improve the care offered to grieving families, considering a clinical guideline for perinatal grief care with emphasis on strengthening the insertion of mental health teams in the hospital context.(AU)

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Este estudio analizó las percepciones y sentimientos de parejas sobre la atención recibida en los servicios de salud a los que accedieron debido a la pérdida del embarazo (muerte fetal ante e intraparto). La invitación al estudio se publicó en las redes sociales (Instagram y Facebook). De las 66 parejas que se contactaron con el equipo, 12 participaron en el estudio, cuya recolección de datos se realizó en 2018. Las parejas respondieron un formulario de datos sociodemográficos y realizaron una entrevista semiestructurada presencialmente (n=4) o por videollamada (n=08). Los datos se grabaron en audio para su posterior transcripción. El análisis temático inductivo identificó cinco temas: Sentimiento de impotencia, experiencias iatrogénicas en los servicios, falta de atención a la salud mental, falta de reconocimiento de la pérdida como un evento con consecuencias emocionales negativas y características de buena atención. Los hallazgos evidenciaron situaciones de violencia, comunicación deficiente, desvalorización de las pérdidas tempranas, falta de apoyo para el contacto con el bebé fallecido y rutinas poco humanizadas, especialmente durante la hospitalización tras la pérdida. Para mejorar la atención a las familias en duelo, se sugiere capacitación profesional, ampliación de la visibilidad del tema entre los diferentes actores y reorganización de los servicios, teniendo en cuenta una guía clínica para la atención del duelo perinatal, enfocada en fortalecer la inserción de los equipos de salud mental en el contexto hospitalario.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Embarazo , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Servicios de Salud del Niño , Salud Mental , Humanización de la Atención , Muerte Fetal , Dolor , Padres , Pediatría , Perinatología , Enfermedades Placentarias , Prejuicio , Atención Prenatal , Psicología , Psicología Médica , Política Pública , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Reproducción , Síndrome , Anomalías Congénitas , Tortura , Contracción Uterina , Traumatismos del Nacimiento , Asignación por Maternidad , Trabajo de Parto , Esfuerzo de Parto , Adaptación Psicológica , Aborto Espontáneo , Cuidado del Niño , Enfermería Maternoinfantil , Negativa al Tratamiento , Salud de la Mujer , Satisfacción del Paciente , Responsabilidad Parental , Permiso Parental , Calidad, Acceso y Evaluación de la Atención de Salud , Privacidad , Depresión Posparto , Habilitación Profesional , Afecto , Llanto , Legrado , Técnicas Reproductivas Asistidas , Acceso a la Información , Ética Clínica , Parto Humanizado , Amenaza de Aborto , Negación en Psicología , Fenómenos Fisiologicos de la Nutrición Prenatal , Parto , Dolor de Parto , Nacimiento Prematuro , Lesiones Prenatales , Mortalidad Fetal , Desprendimiento Prematuro de la Placenta , Violencia contra la Mujer , Aborto , Acogimiento , Ética Profesional , Mortinato , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Cordón Nucal , Resiliencia Psicológica , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Reproductivos , Miedo , Enfermedades Urogenitales Femeninas y Complicaciones del Embarazo , Fertilidad , Enfermedades Fetales , Mal Uso de Medicamentos de Venta con Receta , Esperanza , Educación Prenatal , Coraje , Trauma Psicológico , Profesionalismo , Sistemas de Apoyo Psicosocial , Frustación , Tristeza , Respeto , Distrés Psicológico , Violencia Obstétrica , Apoyo Familiar , Obstetras , Culpa , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Maternidades , Complicaciones del Trabajo de Parto , Trabajo de Parto Inducido , Ira , Soledad , Amor , Partería , Madres , Atención de Enfermería

RESUMEN

Previous studies have suggested that arsenic crosses the placenta and affects the fetus development. The study under consideration aims to show comparative ameliorative effect of Moringa oleifera leaf and flower extracts against sodium arsenate induced fetus toxicity of mice. Pregnant mice (N=44) were kept in lab and divided into eleven group from (A to K) and were orally administered the doses 6 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg for sodium arsenate, 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg for Moringa oleifera leaf extracts (MOLE) and 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg for Moringa oleifera flower extracts (MOFE) comparing with control. The investigation revealed evident reduction in the fetuses weight, hind limb, fore limb, tail and snout length, crown rump and head circumferences well as malformations in tail, feet, arms, legs, skin and eyes in the negative control group (only administered with sodium arsenate). Co-administration of sodium arsenate with MOLE and MOFE ameliorate the reversed effect of sodium arsenate on the shape, length, body weight and DNA damage of fetus significantly at 95% confidence interval. However, Moringa oleifera leaf extract showed more significant results in comparison to Moringa oleifera flower extract. Hence concluded that Moringa oleifera leaf extract ameliorated the embryo toxic effects of sodium arsenate and can be used against environmental teratogens.(AU)

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Estudos anteriores sugeriram que o arsênio atravessa a placenta e afeta o desenvolvimento do feto. O estudo em consideração visa mostrar o efeito melhorador comparativo de extratos de folhas e flores de Moringa oleifera contra a toxicidade fetal induzida por arseniato de sódio em camundongos. Camundongos grávidas (N = 44) foram mantidos em laboratório e divididos em 11 grupos (de A a K) e foram administrados por via oral nas doses de 6 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg para arseniato de sódio, 150 mg/kg e 300 mg/kg para extratos de folhas de Moringa oleifera (MOLE) e 150 mg/kg e 300 mg/kg para extratos de flores de Moringa oleifera (MOFE) em comparação com o controle. A investigação revelou redução evidente no peso do feto, membro posterior, membro anterior, comprimento da cauda e focinho, coroa, nádega e circunferência da cabeça, bem como malformações na cauda, pés, braços, pernas, pele e olhos no grupo de controle negativo (apenas administrado com arseniato de sódio). A coadministração de arseniato de sódio com MOLE e MOFE melhora significativamente o efeito reverso do arseniato de sódio na forma, comprimento, peso corporal e dano ao DNA do feto, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. No entanto, o extrato da folha da Moringa oleifera apresentou resultados mais significativos em comparação ao extrato da flor da Moringa oleifera. Portanto, concluiu que o extrato da folha de Moringa oleifera melhorou os efeitos tóxicos do arseniato de sódio para o embrião e pode ser usado contra teratógenos ambientais.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Femenino , Embarazo , Ratones , Moringa oleifera/embriología , Ensayo Cometa/veterinaria , Feto/anomalías , Feto/efectos de los fármacos , Lesiones Prenatales/veterinaria , Arseniatos/toxicidad

RESUMEN

Previous studies have suggested that arsenic crosses the placenta and affects the fetus development. The study under consideration aims to show comparative ameliorative effect of Moringa oleifera leaf and flower extracts against sodium arsenate induced fetus toxicity of mice. Pregnant mice (N=44) were kept in lab and divided into eleven group from (A to K) and were orally administered the doses 6 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg for sodium arsenate, 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg for Moringa oleifera leaf extracts (MOLE) and 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg for Moringa oleifera flower extracts (MOFE) comparing with control. The investigation revealed evident reduction in the fetuses weight, hind limb, fore limb, tail and snout length, crown rump and head circumferences well as malformations in tail, feet, arms, legs, skin and eyes in the negative control group (only administered with sodium arsenate). Co-administration of sodium arsenate with MOLE and MOFE ameliorate the reversed effect of sodium arsenate on the shape, length, body weight and DNA damage of fetus significantly at 95% confidence interval. However, Moringa oleifera leaf extract showed more significant results in comparison to Moringa oleifera flower extract. Hence concluded that Moringa oleifera leaf extract ameliorated the embryo toxic effects of sodium arsenate and can be used against environmental teratogens.

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Estudos anteriores sugeriram que o arsênio atravessa a placenta e afeta o desenvolvimento do feto. O estudo em consideração visa mostrar o efeito melhorador comparativo de extratos de folhas e flores de Moringa oleifera contra a toxicidade fetal induzida por arseniato de sódio em camundongos. Camundongos grávidas (N = 44) foram mantidos em laboratório e divididos em 11 grupos (de A a K) e foram administrados por via oral nas doses de 6 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg para arseniato de sódio, 150 mg/kg e 300 mg/kg para extratos de folhas de Moringa oleifera (MOLE) e 150 mg/kg e 300 mg/kg para extratos de flores de Moringa oleifera (MOFE) em comparação com o controle. A investigação revelou redução evidente no peso do feto, membro posterior, membro anterior, comprimento da cauda e focinho, coroa, nádega e circunferência da cabeça, bem como malformações na cauda, pés, braços, pernas, pele e olhos no grupo de controle negativo (apenas administrado com arseniato de sódio). A coadministração de arseniato de sódio com MOLE e MOFE melhora significativamente o efeito reverso do arseniato de sódio na forma, comprimento, peso corporal e dano ao DNA do feto, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. No entanto, o extrato da folha da Moringa oleifera apresentou resultados mais significativos em comparação ao extrato da flor da Moringa oleifera. Portanto, concluiu que o extrato da folha de Moringa oleifera melhorou os efeitos tóxicos do arseniato de sódio para o embrião e pode ser usado contra teratógenos ambientais.

Asunto(s)

Femenino , Animales , Embarazo , Ratones , Arseniatos/toxicidad , Ensayo Cometa/veterinaria , Feto/anomalías , Feto/efectos de los fármacos , Lesiones Prenatales/veterinaria , Moringa oleifera/embriología

RESUMEN

Disorders in the child's neurological development caused by perinatal risks can lead to long-term altered neurological signs that begin at an early age and involve persistent functional disorders. Recent data suggest that tissue dysfunction, not just acute damage, may initiate or perpetuate an inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to find out if any neurological dysfunction in preschool children secondary to damage generated during the perinatal period is associated with the magnitude of perinatal risks and long-term modifications in the serum concentrations of inflammatory molecules. The participants, aged 1-4 years, were on neurodevelopmental follow-up and rehabilitation therapy from the first three months of life and had no acute disease data. We classified the children into three groups according to the importance of their perinatal risks: low, medium, and high. The results show that 1) the magnitude of perinatal risks correlated with the severity of neurological dysfunction; 2) the greatest changes in the concentrations of the molecules of the inflammatory process were associated with the most altered neurological signs. This suggests that persistent nervous system dysfunction keeps inflammatory responses active even in the absence of an acute process of infection or damage.

Asunto(s)

Citocinas/sangre , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/sangre , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/sangre , Lesiones Prenatales/sangre , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Inflamación/sangre , Inflamación/inmunología , Masculino , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/inmunología , Lesiones Prenatales/inmunología , Reflejo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad

RESUMEN

Purpose: To investigate the relations of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions with fetal brain injury in rats with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Methods: Sixty rats pregnant for 15 days were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The ICP model was established in experimental group. On the 21st day, the blood biochemical test, histopathological examination of pregnant rat liver and fetal brain tissues and immunohistochemical analysis of fetal rat brain tissues were performed. Results: On the 21st day, the alanineaminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bile acid levels in experimental group were significantly higher than control group (P<0.01). Compared with control group, there was obvious vacuolar degeneration in pregnant rat liver tissue and fetal brain tissue in experimental group. NPY expression in fetal brain tissue was negative in control group and positive in experimental group. HO-1 expression in fetal brain tissue was strongly positive in control group and positive in experimental group. There was significant difference of immunohistochemical staining optical density between two groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: In fetal brain of ICP rats, the NPY expression is increased, and the HO-1 expression is decreased, which may be related to the fetal brain injury.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Femenino , Embarazo , Ratas , Neuropéptido Y , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1 , Colestasis Intrahepática/veterinaria , Lesiones Prenatales/veterinaria , Lesiones Encefálicas/veterinaria , Ratas/anatomía & histología , Ratas/sangre

Asunto(s)

Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/diagnóstico por imagen , Lesiones Prenatales/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía Prenatal , Infección por el Virus Zika/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/anomalías , Encéfalo/embriología , Femenino , Feto/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Lactante , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Embarazo , Infección por el Virus Zika/transmisión

RESUMEN

Introducción: 1 a 2 de cada 1.000 recién nacidos tienen una pérdida auditiva neurosensorial significativa. De las deficiencias auditivas congénitas, el 50% resultan de infecciones en el embarazo y/o parto; como las provocadas por: Toxoplasmosis, rubéola, citomegalovirus, herpes y sífilis. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática de artículos utilizando bibliotecas virtuales y libros de texto de relevancia dentro de la especialidad. Resultados: La rubéola en mujeres susceptibles puede producir el síndrome de rubéola congénita. La sordera es la manifestación más frecuente de la enfermedad y es la secuela más importante. El 15% de los niños infectados por Citomegalovirus padecen una pérdida auditiva por daño coclear y alteraciones en el sistema nervioso central al nacer. Otro 15% pueden desarrollar luego del nacimiento hipoacusia, retardo mental o dificultades en el desarrollo del lenguaje y del aprendizaje. Aproximadamente el 80% de los recién nacidos infectados por toxoplasmosis son asintomáticos; el resto presentará manifestaciones clínicas de afectación sistémica incluyendo compromiso auditivo como parte del cuadro. La infección por Herpes simple suele ser devastadora en el recién nacido. Se ha descrito hipoacusia en más del 50% de los casos. La sordera se asocia frecuentemente con la sífilis congénita. Junto con la queratitis intersticial y las malformaciones dentarias, forma parte de la tríada de Hutchinson. Conclusiones: La hipoacusia es un problema de gran importancia en la infancia. Las infecciones agrupadas en el término TORCHS causan hipoacusia neurosensorial adquirida en forma prenatal, dando lugar a sorderas presentes al nacer o de desarrollo diferido o progresivo.

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Introduction: 1 to 2 of every 1,000 newborns have significant sensorineural hearing loss. From all the congenital hearing empairments, 50% take place during pregnancy and/or childbirth; such as those caused by: toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes and syphilis. Methods: A systematic literature research was performed using virtual libraries and relevant specialty textbooks. Results: Rubella in susceptible women may cause congenital rubella syndrome. Deafness is the most common manifestation of the disease and is the most important sequel. 15% of those children infected with Cytomegalovirus children suffer hearing loss from cochlear damage and alterations in the central nervous system at birth. Another 15% can then develop birth hearing loss, mental retardation or difficulties in language development and learning. Approximately 80% of newborns infected with toxoplasmosis are asymptomatic; the rest will present clinical manifestations of systemic disease including hearing impairment as part of the picture. Herpes simplex infection is devastating in the new born. Hearing loss has been described in over 50% of cases. Deafness is often associated with congenital syphilis. Along with interstitial keratitis and dental malformations, it is part of the Hutchinson triad. Conclusions: Hearing loss is a major problem in childhood. Gathered as TORCHS acquired infections cause sensorineural hearing loss prenatally, resulting in hearing loss present at birth or deferred or progressive development.

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Introdução: 1 a 2 em cada 1.000 recém-nascidos têm perda auditiva neurossensorial significativo. Das deficiências auditivas congênitas, 50% das infecções resultar em gravidez e / ou parto; tais como aquelas causadas por: toxoplasmose, rubéola, citomegalovírus, herpes e sífilis. Métodos: Uma busca sistemática da literatura foi realizada utilizando bibliotecas virtuais e livros relevantes no art. Resultados: A rubéola em mulheres suscetíveis pode causar a síndrome da rubéola congênita. A surdez é a manifestação mais comum da doença e é a sequela mais importante. 15% das crianças infectadas com Citomegalovírus sofrer perda de audição de danos e alterações coclear no sistema nervoso central no nascimento. Outros 15% podem desenvolver perda auditiva nascimento, retardo mental ou dificuldades no desenvolvimento da linguagem e aprendizagem. Cerca de 80% dos recém-nascidos infectados com toxoplasmose é assintomática; o resto vai apresentar manifestações clínicas da doença sistêmica, incluindo a deficiência auditiva como parte da imagem. Infecção Herpes simplex geralmente devastadores no recém-nascido. A perda de audição tem sido descrita em mais de 50% dos casos. A surdez é frequentemente associada a sífilis congênita. Junto com ceratite intersticial e malformações dentárias, faz parte da tríade Hutchinson. Conclusões: A perda auditiva é um problema grave na infância. Agrupados nas infecções TORCHS causam perda auditiva neurossensorial pré-natal, resultando em perda auditiva presente no nascimento ou em diferido ou desenvolvimento progressivo.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/etiología , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/prevención & control , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/complicaciones , Herpes Simple/complicaciones , Lesiones Prenatales/etiología , Síndrome de Rubéola Congénita/complicaciones , Sífilis Congénita/complicaciones , Toxoplasmosis Congénita/complicaciones

RESUMEN

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a presença de Brucella abortus e as lesões causadas por esse agente nos anexos fetais e nos fetos de búfalas. Para isso, 20 búfalas em diversos meses de gestação, sorologicamente positivas para brucelose, foram submetidas ao abate sanitário. A idade fetal foi determinada através de exames ultrassonográficos associados à mensuração dos fetos durante a necropsia. Do útero fechado desses animais foram coletadas amostras para histopatologia e qPCR. A partir do segundo mês de gestação foi possível detectar a presença de DNA de B. abortus em líquido amniótico, líquido alantoide e em útero e, a partir do quinto mês, na placenta, coração, baço, rim, pulmão, intestino, fígado e linfonodos dos fetos. Os principais achados anatomopatológicos foram placentite fibrinopurulenta necrótica e endometrite supurativa crônica.(AU)

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The objective of this study was to detect Brucella abortus and injuries caused by the bacteria in fetal membranes and fetuses. Twenty buffaloes serologically positive for brucellosis were used and subjected to stamping for collection of material from the closed uterus of several months gestation. Fetal age was determined by ultrasound examination and the size of fetuses was measured at necropsy. The samples were subjected to histopathology and qPCR. From the second month of pregnancy on it was possible to detect the presence of B. abortus DNA in amniotic fluid, allantoic liquid and uterus, and from the fifth month on in placenta, heart, spleen, kidney, lung, intestine, liver and lymph nodes of the fetuses. The main pathological findings were fibrinous suppurative necrotic placentitis, and chronic endometritis.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Brucella abortus/aislamiento & purificación , Lesiones Prenatales/diagnóstico , Lesiones Prenatales/veterinaria , Búfalos/lesiones , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Brucelosis/veterinaria , Preñez , Enfermedades Placentarias/veterinaria , Endometritis/veterinaria

RESUMEN

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a presença de Brucella abortus e as lesões causadas por esse agente nos anexos fetais e nos fetos de búfalas. Para isso, 20 búfalas em diversos meses de gestação, sorologicamente positivas para brucelose, foram submetidas ao abate sanitário. A idade fetal foi determinada através de exames ultrassonográficos associados à mensuração dos fetos durante a necropsia. Do útero fechado desses animais foram coletadas amostras para histopatologia e qPCR. A partir do segundo mês de gestação foi possível detectar a presença de DNA de B. abortus em líquido amniótico, líquido alantoide e em útero e, a partir do quinto mês, na placenta, coração, baço, rim, pulmão, intestino, fígado e linfonodos dos fetos. Os principais achados anatomopatológicos foram placentite fibrinopurulenta necrótica e endometrite supurativa crônica...

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The objective of this study was to detect Brucella abortus and injuries caused by the bacteria in fetal membranes and fetuses. Twenty buffaloes serologically positive for brucellosis were used and subjected to stamping for collection of material from the closed uterus of several months gestation. Fetal age was determined by ultrasound examination and the size of fetuses was measured at necropsy. The samples were subjected to histopathology and qPCR. From the second month of pregnancy on it was possible to detect the presence of B. abortus DNA in amniotic fluid, allantoic liquid and uterus, and from the fifth month on in placenta, heart, spleen, kidney, lung, intestine, liver and lymph nodes of the fetuses. The main pathological findings were fibrinous suppurative necrotic placentitis, and chronic endometritis...

Asunto(s)

Animales , Brucella abortus/aislamiento & purificación , Búfalos/lesiones , Lesiones Prenatales/diagnóstico , Lesiones Prenatales/veterinaria , Brucelosis/veterinaria , Enfermedades Placentarias/veterinaria , Endometritis/veterinaria , Preñez , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/veterinaria

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Research consistently indicates an association between prenatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and mortality and chronic neurological diseases in newborns. HI can cause permanent effects, including mental retardation, motor impairment, learning disabilities, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy. Moreover, little is known about the relationship between HI and sexual behavior. AIMS: The aims of this study are to examine whether HI is associated with changes in sexual behavior. METHODS: HI was induced by clamping the uterine arteries of pregnant rats. The arteries were clamped for 45 minutes on the 18th day of gestation (HI group). Shams received laparotomy and anesthesia only. Pups were born at term. At 90 days of age, sexual behavior was evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferonni correction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures of sexual response were standard sexual behavior, homosexual behavior, and sexual attempt on nonreceptive females. RESULTS: The stimulatory effect of HI on male rat sexual behavior has been shown in various experimental models; these animals showed reduced mount, intromission and ejaculation latencies; increased copulatory efficiency; and homosexual mounting. Additionally, there was an increase in fighting in trying to mount an unreceptive female. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that HI had a long-term effect on sexual behavior despite exhibiting motor skill impairment. Accordingly, injuries during the fetal period may cause behavioral problems in adulthood.

Asunto(s)

Lesiones Encefálicas/complicaciones , Lesiones Encefálicas/fisiopatología , Hipoxia-Isquemia Encefálica/complicaciones , Hipoxia-Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatología , Lesiones Prenatales/fisiopatología , Conducta Sexual Animal , Animales , Lesiones Encefálicas/etiología , Copulación , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Eyaculación , Femenino , Homosexualidad Masculina , Masculino , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Lesiones Prenatales/etiología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar

RESUMEN

This case study describes the outcomes of a Saturday community intervention program for children suspected of or affected by prenatal exposure to alcohol who exhibited learning deficits. Five children participated in the program and received individualized interventions designed to address learning and academic deficits in either reading or mathematics. Often children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure exhibit deficits with executive processes, including metacognitive functioning, that interfere with learning. Instruction to improve metacognitive skills was incorporated into the intervention programs. The metacognitive training was adapted from the Math Interactive Learning Experience (MILE) and targeted the children's skills to plan, organize, shift, and evaluate problem solving strategies. Standardized tests of nonverbal reasoning and academic achievement were administered before and after the children received interventions to measure progress. The results indicated that four of the five children who participated in the program showed clinically significant gains with scores increasing from the borderline or low average to the average range on measures of nonverbal reasoning, reading comprehension, or mathematics reasoning. One child showed no gains on measures of nonverbal reasoning and reading. A variety of factors including age, cognitive profile, session attendance, and access to special education and other intervention services may have influenced the child's progress. Overall, the case reviews suggest that the interventions show promise to remediate learning problems of children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure in a community setting.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Lesiones Prenatales , Función Ejecutiva , Servicios de Rehabilitación , S1983-32882014005000001 , Pruebas de Aptitud , Trastornos del Conocimiento

RESUMEN

This case study describes the outcomes of a Saturday community intervention program for children suspected of or affected by prenatal exposure to alcohol who exhibited learning deficits. Five children participated in the program and received individualized interventions designed to address learning and academic deficits in either reading or mathematics. Often children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure exhibit deficits with executive processes, including metacognitive functioning, that interfere with learning. Instruction to improve metacognitive skills was incorporated into the intervention programs. The metacognitive training was adapted from the Math Interactive Learning Experience (MILE) and targeted the children's skills to plan, organize, shift, and evaluate problem solving strategies. Standardized tests of nonverbal reasoning and academic achievement were administered before and after the children received interventions to measure progress. The results indicated that four of the five children who participated in the program showed clinically significant gains with scores increasing from the borderline or low average to the average range on measures of nonverbal reasoning, reading comprehension, or mathematics reasoning. One child showed no gains on measures of nonverbal reasoning and reading. A variety of factors including age, cognitive profile, session attendance, and access to special education and other intervention services may have influenced the child's progress. Overall, the case reviews suggest that the interventions show promise to remediate learning problems of children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure in a community setting...

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Función Ejecutiva , Lesiones Prenatales , Servicios de Rehabilitación , Pruebas de Aptitud , Trastornos del Conocimiento

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Traumatismos del Nacimiento , Complicaciones del Trabajo de Parto/prevención & control , Traumatismos del Sistema Nervioso/prevención & control , Lesiones Prenatales , Lesiones Oculares/etiología , /lesiones

RESUMEN

El aprendizaje de la lengua materna constituye para muchos la mayor hazaña intelectual que el hombre realiza. Es un proceso acumulativo donde los rasgos principales se van enriqueciendo. El objetivo fue diseñar un programa de estimulación para la prevención y el tratamiento oportuno de los trastornos del lenguaje de los niños con factores de riesgo perinatales, de modo que permita un desarrollo adecuado de los elementos básicos de la comunicación oral partiendo de los resultados de la evaluación en la etapa de prelenguaje. Se desarrolló en la Consulta de Neurodesarrollo de Hospital Gineco-obstétrico Abel Santamaría Cuadrado de Pinar del Río, en el período 2010-2011. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal, prospectivo tomando los datos de la historia clínica logofoniátrica que fueron procesados mediante el sistema estadístico InfStat 1.0. El universo estuvo integrado por 183 niños y la muestra por 142 niños que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. En la muestra se presentaron 68 factores de riesgo prenatales, 234 perinatales y 150 neonatales. Predominó la asociación de factores de riesgo en un mismo niño y la gravedad resultante de esta asociación se correspondió con la presencia de riesgo leve y moderado para la aparición de secuelas en el neurodesarrollo. El 94 por ciento de los niños tuvo un desarrollo del lenguaje acorde a su edad. El estudio permitió que las acciones a realizar por especialistas y familiares tuvo efectividad tras la aplicación del programa de estimulación(AU)

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For many, learning one's mother tongue constitutes the human being's greatest intellectual feat. It is an accumulative process, where the main features become richer. The objective was to design a stimulation program for prevention and timely treatment of language disorders in children with perinatal risk factors, so that it allows a proper development of basic elements of oral communication starting from the results of the pre-language stage evaluation. It was developed at the Abel Santamaria Cuadrado Ob-Gyn Hospital´s Neurodevelopment Service, in the period 2010-2011. An observational, descriptive, longitudinal, prospective study was carried out of logophoniatric medical records data processed into the statistical system InfStat 1.0. The target group consisted of 183 children and the sample comprised 142 children that conformed to the inclusion criteria. The sample presented 68 prenatal risk factors, 234 perinatal, and 150 neonatal. The association of risk factors predominated in a same child and gravity resulting from such association corresponded with the presence of moderate and mild risks for the onset of after-effects during the neurodevelopment. 94 per cent of the children had language development in accordance with their age. The study allowed effectiveness of the actions carried out by specialists and the family after the implementation of the stimulation program(AU)

Asunto(s)

Recién Nacido , Lactante , Lenguaje Infantil , Trastornos del Lenguaje/prevención & control , Lesiones Prenatales , Factores de Riesgo

RESUMEN

Crime and violence have become a public health problem. Pregnant women have not been the exception and gunshot injuries occupy an important place as a cause of trauma. An important fact is that pregnant women, who suffer trauma, are special patients because pregnancy causes physiological and anatomical changes. Management of these patients should be multidisciplinary, by the general surgeon, the obstetrician and the neonatologist. However, even trauma referral centers could neither have the staff nor the ideal training for these specific cases. In this context we present the following case.

Asunto(s)

Lesiones Prenatales/etiología , Útero/lesiones , Heridas por Arma de Fuego , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

Crime and violence have become a public health problem. Pregnant women have not been the exception and gunshot injuries occupy an important place as a cause of trauma. An important fact is that pregnant women, who suffer trauma, are special patients because pregnancy causes physiological and anatomical changes. Management of these patients should be multidisciplinary, by the general surgeon, the obstetrician and the neonatologist. However, even trauma referral centers could neither have the staff nor the ideal training for these specific cases. In this context we present the following case.

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Crime e violência tornaram-se um problema de Saúde Pública. As mulheres grávidas não constituem exceção e ferimentos por arma de fogo ocupam um lugar importante como causa de trauma. Um fato importante é que as mulheres grávidas que sofrem um trauma são pacientes especiais, porque a gravidez provoca modificações fisiológicas e anatômicas importantes. O manejo dessas pacientes deve ser multidisciplinar, realizado pelo cirurgião geral, pelo obstetra e pelo neonatologista. No entanto, até mesmo centros de referência de trauma poderiam nem ter o pessoal nem a formação ideal para esses casos específicos. Neste contexto, apresentamos o seguinte caso.

Asunto(s)

Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Adulto Joven , Lesiones Prenatales/etiología , Útero/lesiones , Heridas por Arma de Fuego

RESUMEN

The present study investigated whether late maternal inflammation disrupts the mother/pup interaction, resulting in long-lasting effects on pup behavior and alterations in biological pathways, thereby programming prepubertal behavior and the pups' inflammatory responses after bacterial endotoxin treatment. Female rats received 100 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or .9% saline solution on gestation day 18. Reproductive performance was observed at birth. On lactation days (LD) 5 and LD 6, respectively, maternal behavior and maternal aggressive behavior were assessed. In pups, maternal odor preference on LD 7, open field behavior on LD 21, and serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels after LPS challenge on LD 21 were investigated. The results showed that prenatal LPS exposure improved maternal care and reduced maternal aggressive behavior but did not alter maternal reproductive performance. Male offspring exhibited increased body weights at birth and reduced maternal odor preference. Lipopolysaccharide challenge increased the duration of immobility in the open field and induced a slight increase in serum TNF-α levels. Prenatal exposure to LPS during late pregnancy improved maternal care, reduced maternal olfactory preference, and induced TNF-α hyporesponsiveness to a single dose of LPS in pups.

Asunto(s)

Animales , Ratas , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Conducta Materna , Lesiones Prenatales , Reproducción , Percepción Olfatoria

RESUMEN

The present study investigated whether late maternal inflammation disrupts the mother/pup interaction, resulting in long-lasting effects on pup behavior and alterations in biological pathways, thereby programming prepubertal behavior and the pups' inflammatory responses after bacterial endotoxin treatment. Female rats received 100 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or .9% saline solution on gestation day 18. Reproductive performance was observed at birth. On lactation days (LD) 5 and LD 6, respectively, maternal behavior and maternal aggressive behavior were assessed. In pups, maternal odor preference on LD 7, open field behavior on LD 21, and serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels after LPS challenge on LD 21 were investigated. The results showed that prenatal LPS exposure improved maternal care and reduced maternal aggressive behavior but did not alter maternal reproductive performance. Male offspring exhibited increased body weights at birth and reduced maternal odor preference. Lipopolysaccharide challenge increased the duration of immobility in the open field and induced a slight increase in serum TNF-α levels. Prenatal exposure to LPS during late pregnancy improved maternal care, reduced maternal olfactory preference, and induced TNF-α hyporesponsiveness to a single dose of LPS in pups.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Ratas , Lesiones Prenatales , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Reproducción , Conducta Materna , Percepción Olfatoria

RESUMEN

In utero head traumas are extremely rare and are usually caused by penetrating injuries in the thoracic or abdominal wall that affect the uterine cavity. Transvaginal fetal head injuries have been reported in exceptional cases. This is a case-report of a fetus affected by penetrating head trauma with skull fracture and intra-ventricular hemorrhage after his mother's self-insertion of a blunt object, violently through the vagina. Trauma disrupted the integrity of intrauterine membranes and precipitated preterm labor. After birth, there was a debridement of the scalp and surgical management of the fracture was performed; nevertheless, the patient died four weeks later, due to neonatal sepsis. Management of these wounds must not only be focused on repairing the primary wound, but on preventing the infectious complications.

Asunto(s)

Lesiones Prenatales/etiología , Automutilación/complicaciones , Heridas Penetrantes/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Vagina , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

Los traumatismos encefalocraneanos in útero son extremadamente raros y suelen ser consecuencia de lesiones penetrantes a través de la pared torácica o abdominal, que alcanzan la cavidad uterina. Los originados a través de la vagina se han comunicado excepcionalmente. Se presenta el caso de un feto que padeció traumatismo encefalocraneano penetrante, con fractura de la bóveda craneal y hemorragia intraventricular tras la introducción violenta de un objeto contundente a través de la vagina por parte de su madre. La ruptura traumática de las membranas ovulares desencadenó el trabajo de parto pretérmino. Tras el nacimiento, se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico de la fractura deprimida y desbridamiento de la herida; sin embargo, el paciente falleció cuatro semanas más tarde a causa de sepsis neonatal. El tratamiento de estos casos no solo deber ser dirigido a la corrección de las lesiones traumáticas primarias sino también a la prevención de las complicaciones infecciosas.

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In utero head traumas are extremely rare and are usually caused by penetrating injuries in the thoracic or abdominal wall that affect the uterine cavity. Transvaginal fetal head injuries have been reported in exceptional cases. This is a case-report of a fetus affected by penetrating head trauma with skull fracture and intra-ventricular hemorrhage after his mother's self-insertion of a blunt object, violently through the vagina. Trauma disrupted the integrity of intrauterine membranes and precipitated preterm labor. After birth, there was a debridement of the scalp and surgical management of the fracture was performed; nevertheless, the patient died four weeks later, due to neonatal sepsis. Management of these wounds must not only be focused on repairing the primary wound, but on preventing the infectious complications.

Asunto(s)

Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Adulto Joven , Lesiones Prenatales/etiología , Automutilación/complicaciones , Heridas Penetrantes/complicaciones , Vagina