RESUMEN
The Brazilian Amazon is a vast area with limited health care resources. To assess the epidemiology of critically ill acute kidney injury (AKI) patients in this area, a prospective cohort study of 1029 adult patients of the three intensive care units (ICUs) of Rio Branco city, the capital of Acre state, were evaluated from February 2014 to February 2016. The incidence of AKI was 53.3%. Risk factors for AKI included higher age, nonsurgical patients, admission to the ICU from the ward, higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores at ICU admission, and positive fluid balance > 1500 ml/24 hours in the days before AKI development in the ICU, with aOR of 1.3 (95% CI 1.03-1.23), 1.47 (95% CI 1.07-2.03), 1.96 (95% CI 1.40-2.74), 1.05 (95% CI 1.03-1.08) for each unit increase, and 1.62 (95% CI 1.16-2.26), respectively. AKI was associated with higher ICU mortality (aOR 2.03, 95% CI 1.29-3.18). AKI mortality was independently associated with higher age, nonsurgical patients, sepsis at ICU admission, presence of shock or use of vasoactive drugs, mechanical ventilation and mean positive fluid balance in the ICU > 1500 ml/24 hours, both during ICU follow-up, with aOR 1.27 (95% CI 1.14-1.43) for each 10-year increase, 1.64 (95% CI 1.07-2.52), 2.35 (95% CI 1.14-4.83), 1.88 (95% CI 1.03-3.44), 6.73 (95% CI 4.08-11.09), 2.31 (95% CI 1.52-3.53), respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios for AKI mortality 30 and 31-180 days after ICU discharge were 3.13 (95% CI 1.84-5.31) and 1.69 (95% CI 0.99-2.90), respectively. AKI incidence was strikingly high among critically ill patients in the Brazilian Amazon. The AKI etiology, risk factors and outcomes were similar to those described in high-income countries, but mortality rates were higher.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Humanos , Lesión Renal Aguda/epidemiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/mortalidad , Brasil/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Anciano , Adulto , Incidencia , Enfermedad Crítica , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , APACHERESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Magalhães et al. demonstrated that the incidence of acute kidney injury was high in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and that the second wave was associated with greater severity; however, the mortality rates were similar between the two periods. This may reflect both the effectiveness of vaccines and the constant learning that frontline professionals gained throughout the pandemic to provide greater support to their patients. BACKGROUND: â¼ Renal involvement was frequent in patients with COVID-19 and related to worse outcomes. BACKGROUND: â¼ Diuretic use, mechanical ventilation, proteinuria, hematuria, age, and creatine phosphokinase and D-dimer levels were risk factors for acute kidney injury. BACKGROUND: â¼ Acute kidney injury, mechanical ventilation, elevated SOFA Score, and elevated ATN-ISS were associated with mortality. BACKGROUND: â¼ The second wave was associated with greater severity; however, the mortality rates were similar between the two periods. BACKGROUND: â¼ This may reflect the effectiveness of vaccines and the constant learning that frontline professionals gained throughout the pandemic. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of acute kidney injury in hospitalized Brazilian patients with COVID-19 and identify the risk factors associated with its development and prognosis during the two waves of the disease. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at a public university hospital in São Paulo from March 2020 to May 2021. RESULTS: Of 887 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 54.6% were admitted to the intensive care unit. The incidence of acute kidney injury was 48.1%, and the overall mortality rate was 38.9%. Acute kidney replacement therapy was indicated for 58.8% of the patients. The factors associated with acute kidney injury were diuretic use (odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95%CI= 1.2-4.1, p=0.01), mechanical ventilation (OR= 12.9, 95%CI= 4.3-38.2, p<0.0001), hematuria(OR= 2.02, 95%CI= 1.1-3.5, p<0.0001), chronic kidney disease (OR= 2.6, 95%CI= 1.2-5.5, p=0.009), age (OR= 1.03, 95%CI= 1.01-1.07, p=0.02), and elevated creatine phosphokinase (OR= 1.02, 95%CI= 1.01-1.07, p=0.02) and D-dimer levels (OR= 1.01, 95%CI= 1.01-1.09, p<0.0001). Mortality was higher among those with acute kidney injury (OR= 1.12, 95%CI= 1.02-2.05, p=0.01), elevated Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Scores (OR= 1.35, 95%CI= 1.1-1.6, p=0.007), elevated Acute Tubular Necrosis-Injury Severity Score (ATN-ISS; (OR= 96.4, 95%CI= 4.8-203.1, p<0.0001), and who received mechanical ventilation (OR= 12.9, 95%CI= 4.3-38.2, p<0.0001). During the second wave, the number of cases requiring mechanical ventilation (OR= 1.57, 95%CI= 1.01-2.3, p=0.026), with proteinuria (OR= 1.44, 95%CI= 1.01-2.1, p=0.04), and with higher ATN-ISS Scores (OR= 40.9, 95%CI= 1.7-48.1, p=0.04) was higher than that during the first wave. CONCLUSION: Acute kidney injury was frequent in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and the second wave was associated with greater severity. However, mortality rates were similar between the two periods, which may reflect both the effectiveness of vaccines and the constant learning that frontline professionals gained throughout the pandemic to provide greater support to their patients. REGISTRY OF CLINICAL TRIALS: RBR-62y3h7.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/mortalidad , COVID-19/complicaciones , Lesión Renal Aguda/epidemiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/mortalidad , Brasil/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Prospectivos , Anciano , Incidencia , Respiración Artificial/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , SARS-CoV-2 , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Pandemias , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Renal dysfunction is a common complication following liver transplantation (LT). This study aimed to determine whether a comprehensive assessment of kidney function using nineteen serum and urinary biomarkers (BMs) within the first 48 h post-LT could enhance the prediction of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) and the need of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) during the first postoperative week. METHODS: Blood and urine (U) samples were collected during the pre- and postoperative periods. Nineteen BMs were evaluated to assess kidney health in the first 48 h after LT. Classification and regression tree (CART) cross-validation identified key predictors to determine the best BM combination for predicting outcomes. RESULTS: Among 100 LT patients, 36 developed severe AKI, and 34 required KRT within the first postoperative week. Preoperative assessment of U neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) predicted the need for KRT with 75% accuracy. The combined assessment of U osmolality (OSM), U kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) within 48 h post-LT predicted severe AKI with 80% accuracy. U-OSM alone, measured within 48 h post-LT, had an accuracy of 83% for predicting KRT need, outperforming any BM combination. CONCLUSIONS: Combined BM analysis can accurately predict severe AKI and KRT needs in the perioperative period of LT. U-OSM alone proved to be an effective tool for monitoring the risk of severe AKI, available in most centers. Further studies are needed to assess its impact on AKI progression postoperatively.Registered at Clinical Trials (clinicaltrials.gov) in March 24th, 2014 by title 'Acute Kidney Injury Biomarkers: Diagnosis and Application in Pre-operative Period of Liver Transplantation (AKIB)' and identifier NCT02095431.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Biomarcadores , Lipocalina 2 , Trasplante de Hígado , Terapia de Reemplazo Renal , Humanos , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Lesión Renal Aguda/orina , Lesión Renal Aguda/sangre , Lesión Renal Aguda/terapia , Trasplante de Hígado/efectos adversos , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/orina , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Lipocalina 2/orina , Lipocalina 2/sangre , Adulto , Receptor Celular 1 del Virus de la Hepatitis A/análisis , Receptor Celular 1 del Virus de la Hepatitis A/sangre , Receptor Celular 1 del Virus de la Hepatitis A/metabolismo , Anciano , Proteínas de Unión a Ácidos Grasos/sangre , Proteínas de Unión a Ácidos Grasos/orina , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-1/sangre , Estudios Prospectivos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/sangre , Valor Predictivo de las PruebasRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Southern Hemisphere countries have been underrepresented in epidemiological studies on acute kidney injury (AKI). The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI in adult hospitalized patients from the emergency department of a public high-complexity teaching hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Observational and prospective study. AKI was defined by the KDIGO guidelines (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) using only serum creatinine. RESULTS: Among the 731 patients studied (age: median 61 years, IQR 47-72 years; 55% male), 48% had hypertension and 28% had diabetes as comorbidities. The frequency of AKI was 52.1% (25.9% community-based AKI [C-AKI] and 26.3% hospital-acquired AKI [H-AKI]). Dehydration, hypotension, and edema were found in 29%, 15%, and 15% of participants, respectively, at hospital admission. The in-hospital and 12-month mortality rates of patients with vs. without AKI were 25.2% vs. 11.1% (p<0.001) and 36.7% vs. 12.9% (p<0.001), respectively. The independent risk factors for C-AKI were chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic liver disease, age, and hospitalization for cardiovascular disease. Those for H-AKI were CKD, heart failure as comorbidities, hypotension, and edema at hospital admission. H-AKI was an independent risk factor for death in the hospital, but not at 12 months. C-AKI was not a risk factor for death. CONCLUSIONS: AKI occurred in more than half of the admissions to the clinical emergency department of the hospital and was equally distributed between C-AKI and H-AKI. Many patients had correctable risk factors for AKI, such as dehydration and arterial hypotension (44%) at admission. The only independent risk factor for both C-AKI and H-AKI was CKD as comorbidity.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Hospitales Universitarios , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Lesión Renal Aguda/epidemiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Adulto , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , ComorbilidadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children diagnosed with COVID-19, associated risk factors, clinical aspects and outcome of cases. METHODS: Retrospective study, carried out in a pediatric hospital between March 2020 and September 2021, with patients with COVID-19 who were diagnosed with AKI, studying information present in medical records such as comorbidities, age, gender and use of nephrotoxic medications. RESULTS: We studied 40 cases, and male individuals were significantly more affected (62.5%; p=0.025). AKI was a severe complication of COVID-19 infection, with 100% of the sample requiring admission to the Intensive Care Unit and 22.5% dying. The most prevalent comorbidities analyzed in this study were epilepsy, cerebral palsy and heart disease. Most patients were classified according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria as KDIGO 1 (42.5%), and required orotracheal intubation (67.5%). The frequency of use of nephrotoxic medications and need for dialysis was low, with percentages of 35 and 17.5%, respectively. Among the children who died, 70.4% had some comorbidity and 88.8% received invasive ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: AKI in children with COVID-19 infection is associated with severe conditions. Despite the severity, most patients were discharged alive from the hospital.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/complicaciones , COVID-19/epidemiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/epidemiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adolescente , Preescolar , Factores de Riesgo , Lactante , Comorbilidad , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Hashimoto's thyroiditis manifesting as hypothyroidism has been implicated in glomerular disorders due to autoantibody formation. Here we present the case of a 26-year-old male without any comorbidities presenting with easy fatiguability and weight gain for 2 months. He was found to have a creatinine of 2.1 mg/dL with a history of rhinitis treated with anti-histaminic three days prior to the hospital visit. He had symptoms of intermittent myalgia for the past two weeks. On laboratory evaluation, he was found to have raised CPK, elevated TSH, low normal T4, and positive anti-TPO and anti-Tg antibodies. Neck ultrasound revealed linear echogenic septations in the thyroid gland. Renal biopsy revealed acute tubular injury. Appropriate thyroxine supplementation was started and his creatinine decreased to 1.2 mg/dL after 1 month. It is important that clinicians should be aware of this rare kidney presentation in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Enfermedad de Hashimoto , Rabdomiólisis , Humanos , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/diagnóstico , Masculino , Adulto , Rabdomiólisis/diagnóstico , Rabdomiólisis/etiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMEN
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a public health concern associated with high rates of mortality, even in milder cases. One of the reasons for the difficulty in managing AKI in patients is due to its association with pre-existing comorbidities, such as diabetes. In fact, diabetes increases the susceptibility to develop more severe AKI after renal ischemia. However, the long-term effects of this association are not known. Thus, an experimental model was designed to evaluate the chronic effects of renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice. We focused on the glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, as well as kidney function and metabolic profile. It was found that pre-existing diabetes may potentiate progressive kidney disease after AKI, mainly by exacerbating proinflammatory and sustaining fibrotic responses and altering renal glucose metabolism. To our knowledge, this is the first report that highlights the long-term effects of renal IR on diabetes. The findings of this study can support the management of AKI in clinical practice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrated that early diabetes potentiates progressive kidney disease after ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced acute kidney injury, mainly by exacerbating pro-inflammatory and sustaining fibrotic responses and altering renal glucose metabolism. Thus, these findings will contribute to the therapeutic support of patients with type 1 diabetes with eventual renal IR intervention in clinical practice.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Nefropatías Diabéticas , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Riñón , Daño por Reperfusión , Animales , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/complicaciones , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Ratones , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/metabolismo , Lesión Renal Aguda/patología , Masculino , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/patología , Nefropatías Diabéticas/metabolismo , Nefropatías Diabéticas/patología , Nefropatías Diabéticas/etiología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Estreptozocina , FibrosisRESUMEN
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a significant global public health concern. Recent epidemiological studies have highlighted the link between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and a decline in renal function. PM2.5 exerts harmful effects on various organs through oxidative stress and inflammation. Acute kidney injury (AKI) resulting from ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) involves biological processes similar to those involved in PM2.5 toxicity and is a known risk factor for CKD. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of PM2.5 exposure on IRI-induced AKI. Through a unique environmentally controlled setup, mice were exposed to urban PM2.5 or filtered air for 12 weeks before IRI followed by euthanasia 48 h after surgery. Animals exposed to PM2.5 and IRI exhibited reduced glomerular filtration, impaired urine concentration ability, and significant tubular damage. Further, PM2.5 aggravated local innate immune responses and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as enhancing cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway activation. This increased renal senescence and suppressed the anti-ageing protein klotho, leading to early fibrotic changes. In vitro studies using proximal tubular epithelial cells exposed to PM2.5 and hypoxia/reoxygenation revealed heightened activation of the STING pathway triggered by cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA, resulting in increased tubular damage and a pro-inflammatory phenotype. In summary, our findings imply a role for PM2.5 in sensitising proximal tubular epithelial cells to IRI-induced damage, suggesting a plausible association between PM2.5 exposure and heightened susceptibility to CKD in individuals experiencing AKI. Strategies aimed at reducing PM2.5 concentrations and implementing preventive measures may improve outcomes for AKI patients and mitigate the progression from AKI to CKD. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Material Particulado , Daño por Reperfusión , Animales , Lesión Renal Aguda/patología , Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Material Particulado/efectos adversos , Material Particulado/toxicidad , Ratones , Masculino , Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Riñón/patología , Riñón/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Tasa de Filtración GlomerularRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: A reduction in platelet count in critically ill patients is a marker of severity of the clinical condition. However, whether this association holds true in acute kidney injury (AKI) is unknown. We analyzed the association between platelet reduction in patients with AKI and major adverse kidney events (MAKE). METHODS: In this retrospective cohort, we included AKI patients at the Hospital Civil of Guadalajara, in Jalisco, Mexico. Patients were divided according to whether their platelet count fell >21% during the first 10 days. Our objectives were to analyze the associations between a platelet reduction >21% and MAKE at 10 days (MAKE10) or at 30-90 days (MAKE30-90) and death. RESULTS: From 2017 to 2023, 400 AKI patients were included, 134 of whom had a > 21% reduction in platelet count. The mean age was 54 years, 60% were male, and 44% had sepsis. The mean baseline platelet count was 194 x 103 cells/µL, and 65% of the KDIGO3 patients met these criteria. Those who underwent hemodialysis (HD) had lower platelet counts. After multiple adjustments, a platelet reduction >21% was associated with MAKE10 (OR 4.2, CI 2.1-8.5) but not with MAKE30-90. The mortality risk increased 3-fold (OR 2.9, CI 1.1-7.7, p = 0.02) with a greater decrease in the platelets (<90 x 103 cells/µL). As the platelets decreased, the incidence of MAKE was more likely to increase. These associations lost significance when accounting for starting HD. CONCLUSION: In our retrospective cohort of patients with AKI, a > 21% reduction in platelet count was associated with MAKE. Our results are useful for generating hypotheses and motivating us to continue studying this association with a more robust design.
A reduction in platelet count in critically ill patients has been associated with a worse prognosis, but it is not yet known whether this relationship also exists in patients with acute kidney injury, who are more susceptible to platelet decrease due to the syndrome or due to the onset of hemodialysis. In our study of acute kidney injury patients, we found that those whose platelet count decreased >21% during the first days were more likely to experience a major kidney event. In addition, the greater the decrease in platelet count was, the more likely these events were to occur. The significance of this association was lost in patients who start hemodialysis. Our conclusions could serve to generate hypotheses about this interesting relationship.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Lesión Renal Aguda/sangre , Lesión Renal Aguda/mortalidad , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recuento de Plaquetas , México/epidemiología , Anciano , Adulto , Diálisis Renal , Enfermedad Crítica , Trombocitopenia/sangre , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The worldwide prevalence of arterial hypertension in pediatric patients is 3.5%, and it has repercussions at renal, cardiovascular, neurological, and lifestyle levels. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension, mortality, and follow-up in patients with acute renal failure in the nephrology outpatient clinic at a second-level hospital in Northwestern Mexico. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive, retrospective, and observational study. Men and women aged 1-18 years diagnosed with acute kidney injury were analyzed from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021. The medical and electronic records of the candidate patients were analyzed, and nutritional data, laboratory analysis, most frequent etiology, and follow-up in the pediatric nephrology clinic were collected. Those with exacerbated chronic kidney disease and previous diagnosis of high blood pressure were excluded. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-four patients were evaluated, and only 40 were eligible for the study (22.98%), predominantly males with a mean age of 9.9 years. The degree of arterial hypertension was 50% for grade I and 50% for grade II (p = 0.007); the mortality rate was 32%. One hundred percent of hypertension cases were controlled at 6 months after discharge (p = 0.000080). CONCLUSIONS: Our results were similar to those reported in other studies. Follow-up and early detection of arterial hypertension in children need to be strengthened.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial a nivel mundial es 3.5% en los pacientes pediátricos y tiene repercusiones tanto a nivel renal, cardiovascular, neurológico y estilo de vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial en pacientes con insuficiencia renal aguda, estimar la mortalidad y el seguimiento de los pacientes en la consulta externa de nefrología en un hospital de segundo nivel en el Noroeste de México. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se analizaron hombres y mujeres entre 1 a 18 años de edad con el diagnóstico de lesión renal aguda, entre 1 de enero del 2012 hasta 31 de diciembre del 2021. Se analizaron las historias clínicas y el expediente electrónico de los pacientes candidatos, se recolectaron datos nutricionales, análisis de laboratorio, etiología más frecuente y el seguimiento en la consulta de nefrología pediátrica. Se excluyeron aquellos con enfermedad renal crónica agudizada y diagnóstico previo de hipertensión arterial. RESULTADOS: 174 pacientes fueron evaluados y solamente 40 fueron candidatos al estudio (22.98%), de los cuales predominaron masculinos con una edad media de 9.9 años. El grado de hipertensión arterial fue 50% para grado I y 50% para grado II (p = 0.007); tasa de mortalidad 32%. El 100% del control de la hipertensión se logró en el seguimiento del egreso de los pacientes en 6 meses (p = 0.000080). CONCLUSIONES: Nuestros resultados fueron similares a los reportados en otros estudios. Se debe reforzar el seguimiento y detección oportuna de hipertensión arterial en los niños.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Hospitales Pediátricos , Hipertensión , Humanos , México/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adolescente , Lesión Renal Aguda/epidemiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Niño , Prevalencia , Lactante , Preescolar , Estudios de Seguimiento , Centros de Atención SecundariaRESUMEN
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease is a condition usually described in immunocompromised patients, but among them, those with connective tissue diseases are poorly represented. Here we present the clinical, laboratory characteristics, management and outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients who presented with a CMV infection/disease to a high complexity hospital in southwestern Colombia between 2011 and 2020. 16 SLE patients were found to have a CMV infection. SLE was predominantly characterized by renal involvement (10 patients; 62.50%), and 14 patients (87.5%) were receiving steroids previous to the CMV infection. The entire sample required hospital admission, mainly related to acute kidney injury, and nine patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Gastrointestinal organ damage was the most common CMV disease manifestation. All patients received ganciclovir, five of them (31.25%) suffered from septic shock, and seven (43.75%) died. Age ≥38 years and the presence of septic shock at admission were correlated to the mortality outcome. To our knowledge, this is the first publication evaluating SLE patients with CMV infection/disease in a Colombian population.
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Infecciones por Citomegalovirus , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico , Humanos , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/complicaciones , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/epidemiología , Colombia/epidemiología , Femenino , Adulto , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Adulto Joven , Ganciclovir/uso terapéutico , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Choque Séptico/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/epidemiología , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Nonagenarians constitute a rising percentage of inpatients, with acute kidney injury (AKI) being frequent in this population. Thus, it is important to analyze the clinical characteristics of this demographic and their impact on mortality. METHODS: Retrospective study of nonagenarian patients with AKI at a tertiary hospital between 2013 and 2022. Only the latest hospital admission was considered, and patients with incomplete data were excluded. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to define risk factors for mortality. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 150 patients were included, with a median age of 93.0 years (91.2-95.0), and males accounting for 42.7% of the sample. Sepsis was the most common cause of AKI (53.3%), followed by dehydration/hypovolemia (17.7%), and heart failure (17.7%). ICU admission occurred in 39.3% of patients, mechanical ventilation in 14.7%, vasopressors use in 22.7% and renal replacement therapy (RRT) in 6.7%. Death occurred in 56.7% of patients. Dehydration/hypovolemia as an etiology of AKI was associated with a lower risk of mortality (OR 0.18; 95% CI 0.04-0.77, p = 0.020). KDIGO stage 3 (OR 3.15; 95% CI 1.17-8.47, p = 0.023), ICU admission (OR 12.27; 95% CI 3.03-49.74, p < 0.001), and oliguria (OR 5.77; 95% CI 1.98-16.85, p = 0.001) were associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: AKI nonagenarians had a high mortality rate, with AKI KDIGO stage 3, oliguria, and ICU admission being associated with death.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Humanos , Lesión Renal Aguda/mortalidad , Lesión Renal Aguda/terapia , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Factores de Riesgo , Deshidratación/complicaciones , Deshidratación/mortalidad , Deshidratación/etiología , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Sepsis/complicaciones , Sepsis/mortalidad , Factores de Edad , Terapia de Reemplazo RenalRESUMEN
This study aims to analyze the main risk factors for acute kidney injury in the subgroup of very-low birth weight newborns, using the diagnosing criteria of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) or the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN). A systematic review of the literature was performed on the EMBASE® and PubMed® platforms. Studies that evaluated the risk factors for developing AKI in VLBW newborns were included. For the meta-analysis, we only included the risk factors that were associated with AKI in the univariate analysis of at least two studies. After an initial screening, abstract readings, and full-text readings, 10 articles were included in the systematic review and 9 in the meta-analysis. The incidence of AKI varied from 11.6 to 55.8%. All the studies have performed multivariate analysis, and the risk factors that appeared most were PDA and hemodynamic instability (use of inotropes or hypotension), sepsis, and invasive mechanical ventilation. After the meta-analysis, only cesarian delivery did not show an increased risk of AKI, all the other variables remained as important risk factors. Moreover, in our meta-analysis, we found a pooled increased risk of death in newborns with AKI almost 7 times. Conclusion: AKI in VLBW has several risk factors and must be seen as a multifactorial disease. The most common risk factors were PDA, hemodynamic instability, sepsis, and invasive mechanical ventilation. What is known: ⢠Acute kidney injury is associated with worst outcomes in all ages. It´s prevention can help diminish mortality. What is new: ⢠A synthesis of the main risk factors associated with AKI in very low birth weight newborns.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Humanos , Lesión Renal Aguda/epidemiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Recién Nacido , Factores de Riesgo , Incidencia , Enfermedades del Prematuro/epidemiología , Enfermedades del Prematuro/etiología , Enfermedades del Prematuro/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Acute kidney injury (AKI) following surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB-AKI) is common in pediatrics. Urinary liver-type fatty acid binding protein (uL-FABP) increases in some kidney diseases and may indicate CPB-AKI earlier than current methods. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to evaluate the potential role of uL-FABP in the early diagnosis and prediction of CPB-AKI. Databases Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched on 12 November 2023, using the MeSH terms "Children", "CPB", "L-FABP", and "Acute Kidney Injury". Included papers were revised. AUC values from similar studies were pooled by meta-analysis, performed using random- and fixed-effect models, with p < 0.05. Of 508 studies assessed, nine were included, comprising 1658 children, of whom 561 (33.8%) developed CPB-AKI. Significantly higher uL-FABP levels in AKI versus non-AKI patients first manifested at baseline to 6 h post-CPB. At 6 h, uL-FABP correlated with CPB duration (r = 0.498, p = 0.036), postoperative serum creatinine (r = 0.567, p < 0.010), and length of hospital stay (r = 0.722, p < 0.0001). Importantly, uL-FABP at baseline (AUC = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-0.89, n = 365), 2 h (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.52-0.90, n = 509), and 6 h (AUC = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.72-0.80, n = 509) diagnosed CPB-AKI earlier. Hence, higher uL-FABP levels associate with worse clinical parameters and may diagnose and predict CPB-AKI earlier.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Biomarcadores , Puente Cardiopulmonar , Proteínas de Unión a Ácidos Grasos , Humanos , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/orina , Lesión Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Lesión Renal Aguda/sangre , Puente Cardiopulmonar/efectos adversos , Proteínas de Unión a Ácidos Grasos/orina , Proteínas de Unión a Ácidos Grasos/sangre , Biomarcadores/orina , Niño , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/orina , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico , PreescolarRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Prevention of acute kidney injury during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is still a challenge and has been the object of numerous studies. The incidence of acute kidney injury in the context of CPB is related to a multifactorial etiology. The role of hemadsorption in relation to cell-free hemoglobin and haptoglobin preservation is not well defined in the literature on CPB during cardiac surgery procedures. METHODS: This is a single-center pilot randomized report including 20 patients undergoing elective CPB procedures with an expected time > 120 minutes for each extracorporeal procedure. Patients were randomly allocated to either standard of care (n=10) or Jafron HA380 (n=10) during CPB. The primary outcome measured was the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injuries. RESULTS: The Jafron study group vs. control group reported postoperative values for cell-free hemoglobin at 10 minutes after CPB (mg/L) (11.6 ± 0.6 vs. 29.9 ± 0.3) (P-value 0.021), haptoglobin 10 minutes after CPB (mg/dl) (129.16 ± 1.22 vs. 59.17 ± 1.49) (P-value 0.017), creatinine peak after CPB (mg/dL) (0.92 ± 0.17 vs. 1.32 ± 0.9) (P-value 0.030), and acute kidney injury after 48 hours (number of patients) (one vs. four) (P-value 0.027). CONCLUSION: This pilot study suggested that the use of Hemoperfusion Cartridge HA380 Jafron for extended CPB time for complex cardiac surgery procedures was safe and effective and is associated with a better postoperative preservation of haptoglobin with a reduction of cell-free hemoglobin values and less incidence of acute kidney injury, though larger studies are warranted to confirm our result.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Puente Cardiopulmonar , Haptoglobinas , Hemoglobinas , Humanos , Lesión Renal Aguda/prevención & control , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Haptoglobinas/análisis , Puente Cardiopulmonar/efectos adversos , Puente Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Anciano , Factores de Tiempo , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Periodo Posoperatorio , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an abrupt deterioration of kidney function. The incidence of pediatric AKI is increasing worldwide, both in critically and non-critically ill settings. We aimed to characterize the presentation, etiology, evolution, and outcome of AKI in pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary care center. METHODS: We performed a retrospective observational single-center study of patients aged 29 days to 17 years and 365 days admitted to our Pediatric Nephrology Unit from January 2012 to December 2021, with the diagnosis of AKI. AKI severity was categorized according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. The outcomes considered were death or sequelae (proteinuria, hypertension, or changes in renal function at 3 to 6 months follow-up assessments). RESULTS: Forty-six patients with a median age of 13.0 (3.5-15.5) years were included. About half of the patients (n = 24, 52.2%) had an identifiable risk factor for the development of AKI. Thirteen patients (28.3%) were anuric, and all of those were categorized as AKI KDIGO stage 3 (p < 0.001). Almost one quarter (n = 10, 21.7%) of patients required renal replacement therapy. Approximately 60% of patients (n = 26) had at least one sequelae, with proteinuria being the most common (n = 15, 38.5%; median (P25-75) urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio 0.30 (0.27-0.44) mg/mg), followed by reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (n = 11, 27.5%; median (P25-75) GFR 75 (62-83) mL/min/1.73 m2). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric AKI is associated with substantial morbidity, with potential for proteinuria development and renal function impairment and a relevant impact on long-term prognosis.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Humanos , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Lesión Renal Aguda/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Niño , Centros de Atención Terciaria/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Femenino , Masculino , Preescolar , Nefrología , Factores de Riesgo , Lactante , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Terapia de Reemplazo Renal , ProteinuriaRESUMEN
In critically ill patients, overweight and obesity are associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the effect of obesity on ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced AKI is unknown. We hypothesized that obesity would aggravate renal IRI in mice. We fed mice a standard or high-fat diet for eight weeks. The mice were divided into four groups and submitted to sham surgery or IRI: obese, normal, normal + IRI, obese, and obese + IRI. All studies were performed 48 h after the procedures. Serum glucose, cholesterol, and creatinine clearance did not differ among the groups. Survival and urinary osmolality were lower in the obese + IRI group than in the normal + IRI group, whereas urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels, tubular injury scores, and caspase 3 expression were higher. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression was highest in the obese + IRI group, as were the levels of oxidative stress (urinary levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and renal heme oxygenase-1 protein expression), whereas renal Klotho protein expression was lowest in that group. Expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 and peroxiredoxin 6, proteins that induce lipid peroxidation, a hallmark of ferroptosis, was lower in the obese + IRI group. Notably, among the mice not induced to AKI, macrophage infiltration was greater in the obese group. In conclusion, greater oxidative stress and ferroptosis might aggravate IRI in obese individuals, and Klotho could be a therapeutic target in those with AKI.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Obesidad , Estrés Oxidativo , Daño por Reperfusión , Animales , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/metabolismo , Lesión Renal Aguda/patología , Daño por Reperfusión/complicaciones , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/metabolismo , Ratones , Masculino , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Glucuronidasa/metabolismo , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/patologíaRESUMEN
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical systemic complication caused by Bothrops envenoming, a neglected health problem in the Brazilian Amazon. Understanding the underlying mechanisms leading to AKI is crucial for effectively mitigating the burden of this complication. This study aimed to characterize the urinary protein profile of Bothrops atrox snakebite victims who developed AKI. We analyzed three groups of samples collected on admission: healthy subjects (controls, n = 10), snakebite victims who developed AKI (AKI, n = 10), and those who did not evolve to AKI (No-AKI, n = 10). Using liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we identified and quantified (label-free) 1190 proteins. A panel of 65 proteins was identified exclusively in the urine of snakebite victims, with 32 exclusives to the AKI condition. Proteins more abundant or exclusive in AKI's urine were associated with acute phase response, endopeptidase inhibition, complement cascade, and inflammation. Notable proteins include serotransferrin, SERPINA-1, alpha-1B-glycoprotein, and NHL repeat-containing protein 3. Furthermore, evaluating previously reported biomarkers candidates for AKI and renal injury, we found retinol-binding protein, beta-2-microglobulin, cystatin-C, and hepcidin to be significant in cases of AKI induced by Bothrops envenoming. This work sheds light on physiological disturbances caused by Bothrops envenoming, highlighting potential biological processes contributing to AKI. Such insights may aid in better understanding and managing this life-threatening complication.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Fenómenos Biológicos , Bothrops , Mordeduras de Serpientes , Animales , Humanos , Mordeduras de Serpientes/complicaciones , Bothrops atrox , Proteómica , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening condition, especially in extreme age groups and when kidney replacement therapy (KRT) is necessary. Studies worldwide report mortality rates of 10-63% in pediatric patients undergoing KRT. METHODS: Over 13 years, this multicenter study analyzed data from 693 patients with AKI, all receiving KRT, across 74 hospitals and medical facilities in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. RESULTS: The majority were male (59.5%), under one year old (55.6%), and treated in private hospitals (76.5%). Sixty-six percent had comorbidities. Pneumonia and congenital heart disease were the most common admission diagnoses (21.5% and 20.2%, respectively). The mortality rate was 65.2%, with lower rates in patients over 12 years (50%). Older age was protective (HR: 2.35, IQR [1.52-3.62] for neonates), and primary kidney disease had a three-fold lower mortality rate. ICU team experience (HR: 0.74, IQR [0.60-0.91]) correlated with lower mortality, particularly in hospitals treating 20 or more patients. Among the deceased, 40% died within 48 h of KRT initiation, suggesting possible late referral or treatment futility. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the high mortality in pediatric dialytic AKI in middle-income countries, underlining early mortality and offering critical insights for improving outcomes.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Diálisis Renal , Humanos , Masculino , Lesión Renal Aguda/terapia , Lesión Renal Aguda/mortalidad , Lesión Renal Aguda/epidemiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Niño , Femenino , Preescolar , Lactante , Brasil/epidemiología , Diálisis Renal/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Recién Nacido , Estudios Retrospectivos , Comorbilidad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevalent and has deleterious effects on postoperative outcomes following liver transplantation (LT). The impact of nonselective beta-blockers (NSBBs) in patients with liver cirrhosis remains controversial. This study investigated the association between preoperative NSBB use and AKI after living donor LT (LDLT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated 2,972 adult LDLT recipients between January 2012 and July 2022. The patients were divided into two groups based on the preoperative NSBB use. Propensity score matched (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analyses were performed to evaluate the association between preoperative NSBB use and postoperative AKI. Multiple logistic regression analyses were also used to identify the risk factors for AKI. RESULTS: The overall incidence of AKI was 1,721 (57.9%) cases. The NSBB group showed a higher incidence of AKI than the non-NSBB group (62.4% vs. 56.7%; P = 0.011). After PSM and IPTW analyses, no significant difference in the incidence of AKI was found between the two groups (Odds ratio, OR 1.13, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.93-1.37, P = 0.230, PSM analysis; OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.99-1.44, P = 0.059, IPTW analysis). In addition, preoperative NSBB use was not associated with AKI after multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.96-1.40, P = 0.118). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative NSBB use was not associated with AKI after LDLT. Further studies are needed to validate our results.