RESUMEN
In swine and bovines, leptospirosis prevention and control is carried out via vaccination of susceptible animals using bacterins. However, the efficiency of leptospirosis vaccines has been questioned. This work aimed to investigate the potency of five leptospirosis vaccines sold commercially in Brazil, challenging the animals with one autochthonous strain of Leptospira, Canicola serovar, denoted LO4, isolated from swine. The standard protocol was followed, and renal carriers of Leptospira were identified among the surviving animals by culture and PCR. Of the five vaccines tested, only two proved effective. None of the surviving animals was positive by culture; however, one animal was positive by PCR. Three of the five vaccines sold commercially in Brazil for the immunization of swine or bovines failed the test of the efficacy to protect the vaccinated animals following challenge with an autochthonous Leptospira strain, Canicola serovar. The two vaccines provided protection against the renal carrier state in the surviving animals. The criteria used to produce leptospirosis bacterins sold commercially in Brazil must be reviewed. The industry should support researches on leptospiral vaccinology to improve the quality of the present vaccines and discover new immunogenic strains, because it is known that vaccination is one of the most important tools to increase the reproduction rates in livestock.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Leptospirosis/inmunología , Leptospirosis/veterinaria , Vacunas/análisis , Vacunación/veterinaria , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Bovinos/inmunología , Porcinos/inmunología , Serogrupo , Inmunogenicidad VacunalRESUMEN
Dogs can act as intermediary hosts, reservoirs, and sentinel animals for zoonotic diseases such as brucellosis, toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis, and human contact with domestic animals can spread these infections. These diseases are globally distributed, and are a uniquely severe health issue, since they can infect a great range of animals, including humans. The purpose of this work was to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp., anti-Brucella spp., and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in stray dogs. Blood samples were collected from 181 stray dogs and used for serological diagnosis. Of the analyzed samples, 36.46%, 16.57%, and 9.39% were positive for T. gondii, Leptospira spp., and B. canis. The results indicate that these zoonotic diseases are highly prevalent in stray dogs in the northwestern region of the state of Paraná. The high infection rates for these zoonotics in the canine population is an indication that the environment is contaminated with a variety of different microorganisms, exposing both humans and dogs to different sources of infection.
O contato do homem com alguns animais domésticos faz com que algumas zoonoses como brucelose, toxoplasmose e leptospirose, tornem-se infecções importantes e, com isso os cães atuam como hospedeiros intermediários, reservatórios e animais sentinelas para estas infecções. Essas enfermidades tem distribuição mundial, e é um grave problema de saúde pública, podendo infectar uma grande variedade de animais, entres os quais, se destacam o cão e o homem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra Leptospira spp., Brucella spp. eToxoplasma gondii em cães errantes Amostras de sangue colheram amostras de sangue de 181 cães errantes para a realização dos diagnósticos sorológicos. Das amostras analisadas, 36,46% foram reagentes para Tgondii, 16,57% para Leptospira spp. e9,39% para Brucella canis.A partir dos resultados obtidos no presente trabalho, verificou-se que essas zoonoses apresentam elevadaprevalência nos cães errantes do estudo. O elevado índice de infecção da população canina para estas zoonoses, torna-seum indicativo de que o ambiente está contaminado com diferentes micro-organismos representando um problema para a saúde única, uma vez que tanto o homem como o cão estão expostos a diferentes fontes de infecção.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Anticuerpos , Brucella canis/inmunología , Brucelosis/veterinaria , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Leptospirosis , Toxoplasma/inmunología , Toxoplasmosis Animal , ZoonosisRESUMEN
Dogs can act as intermediary hosts, reservoirs, and sentinel animals for zoonotic diseases such as brucellosis, toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis, and human contact with domestic animals can spread these infections. These diseases are globally distributed, and are a uniquely severe health issue, since they can infect a great range of animals, including humans. The purpose of this work was to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp., anti-Brucella spp., and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in stray dogs. Blood samples were collected from 181 stray dogs and used for serological diagnosis. Of the analyzed samples, 36.46%, 16.57%, and 9.39% were positive for T. gondii, Leptospira spp., and B. canis. The results indicate that these zoonotic diseases are highly prevalent in stray dogs in the northwestern region of the state of Paraná. The high infection rates for these zoonotics in the canine population is an indication that the environment is contaminated with a variety of different microorganisms, exposing both humans and dogs to different sources of infection.(AU)
O contato do homem com alguns animais domésticos faz com que algumas zoonoses como brucelose, toxoplasmose e leptospirose, tornem-se infecções importantes e, com isso os cães atuam como hospedeiros intermediários, reservatórios e animais sentinelas para estas infecções. Essas enfermidades tem distribuição mundial, e é um grave problema de saúde pública, podendo infectar uma grande variedade de animais, entres os quais, se destacam o cão e o homem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra Leptospira spp., Brucella spp. eToxoplasma gondii em cães errantes Amostras de sangue colheram amostras de sangue de 181 cães errantes para a realização dos diagnósticos sorológicos. Das amostras analisadas, 36,46% foram reagentes para Tgondii, 16,57% para Leptospira spp. e9,39% para Brucella canis.A partir dos resultados obtidos no presente trabalho, verificou-se que essas zoonoses apresentam elevadaprevalência nos cães errantes do estudo. O elevado índice de infecção da população canina para estas zoonoses, torna-seum indicativo de que o ambiente está contaminado com diferentes micro-organismos representando um problema para a saúde única, uma vez que tanto o homem como o cão estão expostos a diferentes fontes de infecção.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Anticuerpos , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Brucella canis/inmunología , Toxoplasma/inmunología , Leptospirosis , Toxoplasmosis Animal , Brucelosis/veterinaria , ZoonosisRESUMEN
Mice experimentally infected with a pathogenic strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola produced false negative results (prozone effect) in a microscopic agglutination test (MAT). This prozone effect occurred in several serum samples collected at different post-infection times, but it was more prominent in samples collected from seven-42 days post-infection and for 1:50 and 1:100 sample dilutions. This phenomenon was correlated with increased antibody titres in the early post-infection phase. While prozone effects are often observed in serological agglutination assays for the diagnosis of animal brucellosis and human syphilis, they are not widely reported in leptospirosis MATs.
Asunto(s)
Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Leptospirosis/diagnóstico , Pruebas de Aglutinación , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Leptospirosis/microbiología , RatonesRESUMEN
Mice experimentally infected with a pathogenic strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola produced false negative results (prozone effect) in a microscopic agglutination test (MAT). This prozone effect occurred in several serum samples collected at different post-infection times, but it was more prominent in samples collected from seven-42 days post-infection and for 1:50 and 1:100 sample dilutions. This phenomenon was correlated with increased antibody titres in the early post-infection phase. While prozone effects are often observed in serological agglutination assays for the diagnosis of animal brucellosis and human syphilis, they are not widely reported in leptospirosis MATs.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Leptospirosis/diagnóstico , Pruebas de Aglutinación , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Leptospirosis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Leptospira reactivity in stray and household dogs in Campeche as well as associated risk factors to the seropositivity in household dogs have been herein determined. The survey included 323 dogs, 142 of which were stray dogs and 181 household dogs. Nine Leptospira interrogans serovars were tested by the microagglutination test. Reactivity was 21.3 % (69/323), 17.2 % corresponded to household dogs and 26.7 % to stray dogs. Leptospira Canicola (29 %), Leptospira Hardjo (22.58 %), and Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae (16.12 %) were the most common serovars reacting against the serum of household animals, while Leptospira Canicola (15.78 %), Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae (13.15 %), and Leptospira Pomona (7.89 %) were those reacting in stray dogs. Results showed that all dogs have been in contact with different Leptospira serovars and outdoor exposure is the main infection risk factor.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Leptospira/inmunología , Leptospirosis/veterinaria , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Perros , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona/inmunología , Leptospirosis/epidemiología , México/epidemiología , Mascotas , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Salud Urbana , ZoonosisRESUMEN
Leptospira reactivity in stray and household dogs in Campeche as well as associated risk factors to the seropositivity in household dogs have been herein determined. The survey included 323 dogs, 142 of which were stray dogs and 181 household dogs. Nine Leptospira interrogans serovars were tested by the microagglutination test. Reactivity was 21.3
corresponded to household dogs and 26.7
), and Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae (16.12
) were the most common serovars reacting against the serum of household animals, while Leptospira Canicola (15.78
), and Leptospira Pomona (7.89
) were those reacting in stray dogs. Results showed that all dogs have been in contact with different Leptospira serovars and outdoor exposure is the main infection risk factor.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Leptospira/inmunología , Leptospirosis/veterinaria , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Mascotas , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Factores de Riesgo , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona/inmunología , Leptospirosis/epidemiología , México/epidemiología , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Salud Urbana , ZoonosisRESUMEN
Leptospira reactivity in stray and household dogs in Campeche as well as associated risk factors to the seropositivity in household dogs have been herein determined. The survey included 323 dogs, 142 of which were stray dogs and 181 household dogs. Nine Leptospira interrogans serovars were tested by the microagglutination test. Reactivity was 21.3
(69/323), 17.2
corresponded to household dogs and 26.7
to stray dogs. Leptospira Canicola (29
), Leptospira Hardjo (22.58
), and Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae (16.12
) were the most common serovars reacting against the serum of household animals, while Leptospira Canicola (15.78
), Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae (13.15
), and Leptospira Pomona (7.89
) were those reacting in stray dogs. Results showed that all dogs have been in contact with different Leptospira serovars and outdoor exposure is the main infection risk factor.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Leptospira/inmunología , Leptospirosis/veterinaria , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Perros , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona/inmunología , Leptospirosis/epidemiología , México/epidemiología , Mascotas , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Salud Urbana , ZoonosisRESUMEN
By using the monoclonal antibodies methodology we have classified Cuban serovars of leptospires isolated from blood culture of confirmed leptospirosis patients. The serogroups Pomona and Canicola were the most predominant found in our study. Pomona, Mozdok and Canicola serovars were the most prevalent types in these serogroups. Our study has essentially presented a validation of a monoclonal antibody method for the serotyping of Cuban leptospire isolates.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Antígenos Bacterianos/sangre , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Leptospira interrogans/clasificación , Leptospirosis/microbiología , Serotipificación/métodos , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Bacteriemia/epidemiología , Cuba/epidemiología , Humanos , Leptospira interrogans/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans/aislamiento & purificación , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/aislamiento & purificación , Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae/aislamiento & purificación , Leptospirosis/epidemiología , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
El serogrupo Ballum de Leptospira constituye en la actualidad la primera causa de leptospirosis humana en Cuba. Vacunas de células enteras químicamente inactivadas fueron formuladas a partir de dos cepas clínicas de Leptospira interrogans serogrupo Ballum empleando como adyuvante hidróxido de aluminio. Los niveles de aglutininas inducidos en hamsters por una u otra preparación vacunal fueron estimados mediante aglutinación microscópica y la actividad IgG específica fue cuantificada mediante ELISA. La capacidad de protección homóloga y heteróloga contra la infección letal y subletal se determinó mediante el desafío con 100 y 10 000 DL50 de cinco cepas virulentas pertenecientes a los serogrupos Ballum, Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae y Pomona. Las evaluaciones realizadas demostraron que ambas vacunas fueron inmunogénicas e indujeron una completa protección homóloga en el modelo animal empleado. La protección cruzada frente a serogrupos heterólogos solo fue significativa en una de las preparaciones monovalentes frente al desafío con 100 DL50 de Canicola. Como resultado de este estudio se pudo comprobar la alta inmunogenicidad y capacidad protectora en hamsters de vacunas monovalentes de células enteras formuladas a partir de dos cepas candidatas vacunales del serogrupo de Leptospira de mayor circulación en humanos en Cuba no incluido en la vacuna actualmente disponible.
Leptospira serogroup Ballum is at present the first cause of human leptospirosis in Cuba. Killed whole-cell vaccines were formulated with two clinical isolates of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Ballum using aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant. Agglutinins levels induced by each vaccine in hamsters were estimated by microscopic agglutination test and specific IgG activities were quantified by a whole cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Homologous and cross protective capacity against lethal and sublethal infection were determined in vaccinated animals by challenge with 100 and 10 000 LD50 of five virulent strains belonging to serogroups Ballum, Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pomona. Both monovalent serogroup Ballum vaccines were immunogenic and induced complete homologous protection in the animal model. Cross-protection was only significant in one of the two vaccines against challenge with 100 LD50 of serogroup Canicola. The results of this study demonstrate the high immunogenicity and protective capacity in hamsters of whole-cell monovalent vaccines formulated with two vaccine candidate strains belonging to the most prevalent serogroup of Leptospira in Cuba.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Cricetinae , Vacunas Bacterianas/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans/inmunología , Leptospirosis/prevención & control , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona/inmunología , Mesocricetus , VacunaciónRESUMEN
Leptospira serogroup Ballum is at present the first cause of human leptospirosis in Cuba. Killed whole-cell vaccines were formulated with two clinical isolates of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Ballum using aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant. Agglutinins levels induced by each vaccine in hamsters were estimated by microscopic agglutination test and specific IgG activities were quantified by a whole cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Homologous and cross protective capacity against lethal and sublethal infection were determined in vaccinated animals by challenge with 100 and 10,000 LD50 of five virulent strains belonging to serogroups Ballum, Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pomona. Both monovalent serogroup Ballum vaccines were immunogenic and induced complete homologous protection in the animal model. Cross-protection was only significant in one of the two vaccines against challenge with 100 LD50 of serogroup Canicola. The results of this study demonstrate the high immunogenicity and protective capacity in hamsters of whole-cell monovalent vaccines formulated with two vaccine candidate strains belonging to the most prevalent serogroup of Leptospira in Cuba.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas Bacterianas/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans/inmunología , Leptospirosis/prevención & control , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Cricetinae , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona/inmunología , Mesocricetus , VacunaciónRESUMEN
A quantitative ELISA for the detection of IgG antibodies in response to the Cuban vaccine against the human leptospirosis (vax-SPIRAL) was applied to 930 volunteers'sera, 483 immunized with vax-SPIRAL and 447 with a vaccine against hepatitis B. Samples were taken before beginning the study, 21 days after the second dose and a year later. A high seroprevalence of antibodies to the vaccine serovars was observed before beginning the study. The initial value of the response doubled at 21 days of the second dose in 45 % of the individuals. There were markedly significant differences (p=0,000000) between both groups. A similar response to the three leptospiral serovars was found. After the year the levels of antibodies decreased; however, 23.1% of the individuals were able to duplicate their level of antibodies regarding the initial moment, and the significant difference with the group that received the vaccine against hepatitis B still existed. The application of this Cuban immunogen amomg the main risk groups was recommended.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Vacunas Bacterianas/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Leptospira interrogans/inmunología , Leptospirosis/prevención & control , Vacunas Bacterianas/administración & dosificación , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Intervalos de Confianza , Cuba , Estudios de Seguimiento , Vacunas contra Hepatitis B/administración & dosificación , Vacunas contra Hepatitis B/inmunología , Humanos , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Leptospirosis/inmunología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Two detergents (triton X-100 and sodium desoxycholate) were evaluated as solubilizing agents of the components of the outer membrane of Leptospira Pomona serovar mozdok. It was obtained a greater yielding of proteins on applying the treatment with triton X-100. The variants formulated starting from the extracts obtained showed a high immunogenicity and capacity of homologous protection against the challenge in hamster.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas Bacterianas/inmunología , Ácido Desoxicólico/farmacología , Leptospira interrogans/inmunología , Leptospirosis/prevención & control , Octoxinol/farmacología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/inmunología , Cricetinae , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Leptospira interrogans/patogenicidad , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Leptospirosis/inmunología , Dosificación Letal MedianaRESUMEN
It was proposed to substitute the present technology of the lavage operation for a tangential microfiltration system at the lavage stages of the culture of Leptospira interrogans canicola canicola. It was proved that this system may be applied, since no cellular affectation was observed and high pollutant elimination levels were obtained.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas Bacterianas , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/crecimiento & desarrollo , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Leptospirosis/prevención & control , Vacunas Bacterianas/economía , Vacunas Bacterianas/inmunología , Vacunas Bacterianas/normas , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Cuba , Filtración , Humanos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Two vacine candidate strains from Ballum serogroup were characterized and their immunogenicity and protective power were studied in hamster. The monovalent vaccine formulations obtained showed a high immunogenicity and capacity of homologous protection and, in a lesser degree, of cross protection.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas Bacterianas/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans/inmunología , Leptospirosis/prevención & control , Animales , Vacunas Bacterianas/administración & dosificación , Cricetinae , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Humanos , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona/inmunología , Factores de Tiempo , Enfermedad de Weil/prevención & controlRESUMEN
The operational conditions for the production of vaccine vax-SPIRAL were established at the scale of 100 L. It was concluded that it should be carried out with an air flow of 10 L/min (0.1 vvm) and without mechanical agitation.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas Bacterianas , Fermentación , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/metabolismo , Leptospirosis/prevención & control , Vacunas Bacterianas/economía , Vacunas Bacterianas/normas , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Humanos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Since April of 1998 a high number of leptospirosis cases were detected, coming from the area of Reconquista Central Hospital in Santa Fe province. Since January of that year a notable increase in rainfall and river levels was observed causing inundation. As screening test, macroscopic agglutination (MAT) using 10 serotypes of L. interrogans. Among the 122 patients studied 71 were TR positive and 52 were also ELISA positive, leptospirosis diagnosis being confirmed in 40 of them. Five infecting serogroups were identified: Icterohaemorrhagiae (7/40), Ballum (5/40), Sejroe (3/40), Pomona (3/40) and Canicola (2/40). In the remaining cases (20/40), co-agglutinins were found at the same titer against two or more serotypes of leptospires. Infection prevalence was higher in men and productive age (21 to 40 years). The clinical symptoms more frequently observed were headache, fever and myalgias. All cases occurred after the rains and in the period when the area was flooded. Their clinical presentation, time distribution, geographical localization and high frequency of contact with the risk factor inundation could indicate that, independently of search activities, there was an outbreak.
Asunto(s)
Desastres , Brotes de Enfermedades , Leptospirosis/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Animales Domésticos , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Argentina/epidemiología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Leptospira interrogans/clasificación , Leptospira interrogans/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona/inmunología , Leptospirosis/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Roedores , Estaciones del Año , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Serotipificación , ZoonosisRESUMEN
Since April of 1998 a high number of leptospirosis cases were detected, coming from the area of Reconquista Central Hospital in Santa Fe province. Since January of that year a notable increase in rainfall and river levels was observed causing inundation. As screening test, macroscopic agglutination (MAT) using 10 serotypes of L. interrogans. Among the 122 patients studied 71 were TR positive and 52 were also ELISA positive, leptospirosis diagnosis being confirmed in 40 of them. Five infecting serogroups were identified: Icterohaemorrhagiae (7/40), Ballum (5/40), Sejroe (3/40), Pomona (3/40) and Canicola (2/40). In the remaining cases (20/40), co-agglutinins were found at the same titer against two or more serotypes of leptospires. Infection prevalence was higher in men and productive age (21 to 40 years). The clinical symptoms more frequently observed were headache, fever and myalgias. All cases occurred after the rains and in the period when the area was flooded. Their clinical presentation, time distribution, geographical localization and high frequency of contact with the risk factor inundation could indicate that, independently of search activities, there was an outbreak.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Brotes de Enfermedades , Leptospirosis/epidemiología , Desastres Naturales , Animales Domésticos , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Argentina/epidemiología , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans/clasificación , Leptospira interrogans/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona/inmunología , Leptospirosis/etiología , Factores de Riesgo , Roedores , Estaciones del Año , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Serotipificación , ZoonosisRESUMEN
The standard method for the diagnostic of leptospirosis is the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Nevertheless, it is time-consuming and presents risk of infection for laboratory personal. Several attempts to simplify and reduce the time, skill and expense required for serological testing were made. Rapid slide agglutination tests (RSAT) have been used nowadays as a reliable screening test for the detection of acute and recent infections by many laboratories. The purpose of that study was to evaluate a new antigen preparation for the rapid diagnoses of acute canine leptospirosis and to compare it with MAT results in clinically suspect serum samples. Two hundred and thirteen serum samples from dogs of both sexes and different ages were tested and 141 (66.2%) animals were considered as positive by MAT. The most frequent serovar was icterohaemorrhagiae, followed by canicola. RSAT results were very similar to those observed on MAT, with 139 (65.3%) reactive animals. Correlation between RSAT and MAT was positive (0.82) and significant (p < 0.01). Concordance of results was of 93.4% (199/ 213) of the animals correctly diagnosed by RSAT. Considering MAT as the standard test, sensitivity of RSAT was calculated on 94.3% (133/141) and specificity on 91.7% (66/72).
Asunto(s)
Pruebas de Aglutinación/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae/inmunología , Leptospirosis/veterinaria , Animales , Antígenos Bacterianos/sangre , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Brasil , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Perros , Femenino , Leptospirosis/diagnóstico , Leptospirosis/microbiología , Masculino , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado, a doble ciegas, con la participación de 80 voluntarios adultos, de los 2 sexos, sanos en apariencia, que fueron distribuidos de forma aleatoriamente en 2 grupos de 40 cada uno, se constituyó un grupo de estudio (que recibió la vacuna) y un grupo control (que recibió un placebo) para conocer la seguridad, el comportamiento de la reactogenicidad y comenzar los estudios de inmunogenicidad de la primera vacuna cubana contra la leptospirosis humana. La vacuna utilizada en el grupo de estudio fue una vacuna inactivada y trivalente en cuya composición se encuentran cepas de Leptospira canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae y pomona, por ser las de mayor circulación en el país. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron la inocuidad de la vacuna, al no presentarse reacciones adversas graves. La sintomatología general observada fue baja, la febrícula fue el síntoma general encontrado en mayor proporción. Aparece durante los primeros 3 d de observación, sin encontrarse diferencias significativas entre el grupo vacunado y el placebo. Como síntoma local sólo fue referido el dolor ligero en el sitio de la inyección, en el grupo vacunado se presentó con mayor frecuencia que en el grupo control (7,8 contra 1,5 %, respectivamente). La seroconversión obtenida fue de 29 % mediante la microaglutinación, y 34,2 % por la técnica de ELISA. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que ésta es segura para adultos humanos en las edades comprendidas en el estudio y permiten continuar otros estudios es fases más avanzadas para completar los requerimientos para su licenciamiento.
A controlled double blind trial was conducted with the participation of 80 adult volunteers of both sexes, who were randomly divided into groups of 40 individuals each one. The case-base study received the vaccine and the control group was administered placebo to know the safety, the behaviour of reactogenecity, and to star the immunogenecity studies of the first Cuban vaccine against human leptospirosis. The vaccine used in the case-base study was an inactivated and trivalent vaccine containing strains of Leptospira canicola, incterohaemorrhagiae and pomona, since they have the highest circulation in the country. The results obtained showed the inocuity of the vaccine as no adverse severe reactions were detected. The general symptomatology observed was low, where as febricula was the most common general symptom. It appeared during the first 3 days of observation and there were no significant differences between the 2 group. Only a mild pain at the site of the injection was reported as a local symptom, which was more frequent in the vaccinated group than in the control group (7,8 against 1,5 %, respectively). The seroconversion obtained was of 29 % by microagglutination, and of 34,2 % by ELISA. The final results allowed to conclude that this vaccine is safe for human adults at the ages under study, and give the possibility to continue other studies in more advanced stages to complete the requierements for obtaining its license.