RESUMEN
El lenguaje científico, en el ámbito de la anatomía y ciencias de la salud, se sustenta en una terminología que ha estado abierta a discusiones y modificaciones. En Terminologia Anatomica, el término 'Lengua' proviene del latín Lingua. Sin embargo, también existen términos que derivan del lexema griego glossa y glotta, que también significa lengua. Lo que establece hiperonimia y sinonimia entre estructuras anatómicas relacionadas con este órgano músculo-sensorial. El objetivo fue analizar la presencia de los lexemas 'glossa' - 'glotta' en Terminologia Anatomica y revisar las definiciones de términos que incluyan estos lexemas utilizando el Diccionario Manual Griego-Español VOX y Vocabulario Básico de Griego con anotaciones morfológicas y etimológicas. Para la etimología en español se utilizaron el Diccionario panhispánico de términos médicos y Diccionario médico-biológico, histórico y etimológico. También se determinó la primera vez que se ocuparon en español, utilizando Corpus Diacrónico del Español. Los lexemas estudiados aparecen citados 15 veces en Terminologia Anatomica. Estos se definen como 'lengua, boca; habla, don de la palabra; expresión, manifestación, palabras; habla, lengua, lenguaje, idioma'. También se encuentran algunos términos derivados como Ductus thyroglossalis, epiglottis, glottis, ligamentum thyroepiglotticum y Vallecula epiglottica. Por lo que estos lexemas se consideran sinónimos. El lexema glossa se utilizó por primera vez en el ámbito médico el año 1870. Los lexemas glossa y glotta son frecuentes en Terminologia Anatomica, generando preguntas sobre el uso del doble sigma en griego jónico y doble tau en griego ático clásico. Aunque son sinónimos, su abundancia destaca la importancia del dominio del lenguaje anatómico para la comunicación efectiva y la comprensión precisa entre estudiantes, profesionales e investigadores.
SUMMARY: The scientific language in the field of anatomy and health sciences relies on a terminology that has been open to discussions and modifications. In Terminologia Anatomica, the term lengua comes from the Latin Lingua. However, there are also terms derived from the Greek lexemes glossa and glotta, both meaning 'tongue.' This establishes hyperonymy and synonymy among anatomical structures related to this sensory-muscular organ. The objective was to analyze the presence of the lexemes glossa - glotta in Terminologia Anatomica and review the definitions of terms containing these lexemes using the Diccionario Manual Griego-Español VOX and the Vocabulario Básico de Griego con anotaciones morfológicas y etimológicas. For Spanish etymology, the Diccionario panhispánico de términos médicos and the Diccio- nario Médico-Biológico, Histórico y Etimológico were used. The first use in Spanish was determined using the Corpus Diacrónico del Español. The studied lexemes were cited 15 times in Terminologia Anatomica, defined as 'tongue, mouth; speech, gift of speech; expression, manifestation, words; speech, tongue, language, idioma.' Some derived terms are also found, such as Ductus thyroglossalis, Epiglottis, Glottis, Ligamentum thyroepiglotticum, and Vallecula epiglottica. Therefore, these lexemes are considered synonymous. The lexeme glossa was first used in the medical field in 1870. The lexemes glossa and glotta are frequent in Terminologia Anatomica, raising questions about the use of double sigma in Ionic Greek and double tau in classical Attic Greek. Although synonymous, their abundance emphasizes the importance of mastering anatomical language for effective communication and precise understanding among students, professionals, and researchers.
Asunto(s)
Lengua , Anatomía , Lingüística , Terminología como AsuntoRESUMEN
INTRODUÇÃO: O manejo dos pacientes vítimas de PAF possui vertentes divergentes a respeito do tratamento cirúrgico, que pode ser realizado de forma imedata ou tardia. Em lesões auto-infligidas, a distância entre a arma e a região acometida é menor, causando consequências estéticas e funcionais mais devastadoras. Aliado ao fato desse tipo de trauma criar uma ferida suja devido à comunicação com a cavidade oral e seios paranasais, o manejo das lesões representam um desafio mesmo à cirurgiões experientes. OBJETIVO: Estre trabalho relata o manejo cirúrgico de uma ferida auto-infligida por arma de fogo que resultou em avulsão dos tecidos moles na região maxilofacial. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 35 anos, vítima de projétil de arma de fogo auto-infligido em região maxilofacial, cursando com extenso ferimento em região de língua e mento. Clinicamente, o paciente não apresentava sinais de fratura em ossos da face. Ambos os ferimentos apresentavam secreção purulenta e o paciente manifestava disfonia devido a grande destruição tecidual. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: O tratamento de ferimentos por arma de fogo não só é um grande desafio para o cirurgião, como para toda a equipe multidisciplinar requerida para tais casos, visto que não há protocolos bem definidos para o tratamento dessas lesões(AU)
INTRODUCTION: The management of patients who are victims of FAP has divergent aspects regarding surgical treatment, which can be performed immediately or late. In self-inflicted injuries, the distance between the weapon and the affected region is smaller, causing more devastating aesthetic and functional consequences. Allied to the fact that this type of trauma creates a dirty wound due to the communication with the oral cavity and paranasal sinuses, the management of injuries represents a challenge even for experienced surgeons. OBJECTIVE: This paper reports the surgical management of a self-inflicted gunshot wound that resulted in soft tissue avulsion in the maxillofacial region. CASE DESCRIPTION: Male patient, 35 years old, victim of a self-inflicted firearm projectile in the maxillofacial region, coursing with extensive injury in the region of the tongue and chin. Clinically, the patient did not show signs of facial bone fractures. Both wounds had purulent secretion and the patient had dysphonia due to extensive tissue destruction. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The treatment of gunshot wounds is not only a great challenge for the surgeon, but also for the entire multidisciplinary team required for such cases, since there are no well-defined protocols for the treatment of these injuries(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Lengua/lesiones , Infección de Heridas , Heridas por Arma de Fuego , Paladar Duro/lesiones , Heridas y Lesiones , Heridas Penetrantes , Paladar Duro , Equimosis , Edema , Traumatismos MaxilofacialesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Swallowing is a complex process that requires the coordination of muscles in the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus. Dysphagia occurs when a person has difficulty swallowing. In the case of subjects with respiratory diseases, the presence of oropharyngeal dysphagia potentially increases lung disease exacerbations, which can lead to a rapid decline in lung function. This study aimed to analyze the swallowing of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). METHODS: Patients with IPF were evaluated using the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10), tongue pressure, the Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST), and the Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS). The findings were related to dyspnea severity assessed by the modified Medical Research Counsil (mMRC) score; the nutritional status screened with Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool; and pulmonary function tests, specifically spirometry and measurement of the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), the maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), and the maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax). RESULTS: The sample consisted of 34 individuals with IPF. Those who exhibited swallowing modifications scored lower on the MNA than those who did not (9.6 ± 0.76 vs. 11.64 ± 0.41 points; mean difference 1.98 ± 0.81 points; p = 0.02). They also showed poorer lung function when considering the predicted force vital capacity (FVC; 81.5% ± 4.61% vs. 61.87% ± 8.48%; mean difference 19.63% ± 9.02%; p = 0.03). The speed of liquid swallowing was altered in 31of 34 of the evaluated subjects (91.1%). The number of liquid swallows correlated significantly with the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC ratio (r = 0.3; p = 0.02). Solid eating and swallowing assessed with the TOMASS score correlated with lung function. The number of chewing cycles correlated negatively with PImax% predicted (r = -0.4; p = 0.0008) and PEmax% predicted (r = -0.3; p = 0.02). FVC% predicted correlated with increased solid swallowing time (r = -0.3; p = 0.02; power = 0.6). Swallowing solids was also impacted by dyspnea. CONCLUSION: Patients with mild-to-moderate IPF can present feeding adaptations, which can be related to the nutritional status, lung function, and the severity of dyspnea.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Deglución , Deglución , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática , Lengua , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/fisiopatología , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/complicaciones , Deglución/fisiología , Trastornos de Deglución/fisiopatología , Trastornos de Deglución/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Lengua/fisiopatología , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Presión , Estado Nutricional , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Disnea/fisiopatología , Disnea/etiología , Evaluación Nutricional , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and the use of probiotics on the treatment of halitosis. METHODS: Fifty-two participants, aged from 18 to 25 years, exhaling sulfhydride (H2S) ≥ 112 ppb were selected. They were allocated into 4 groups (n = 13): Group 1: tongue scraper; Group 2: treated once with aPDT; Group 3: probiotic capsule containing Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 (6.7 x 108 CFU) and xylitol (280mg), 3 times a day after meals, for 14 days; Group 4: treated once with aPDT and with the probiotic capsule for 14 days. Halimetry with gas chromatography (clinical evaluation) and microbiological samples were collected from the dorsum of the tongue before and after aPDT, as well as after 7, 14, and 30 days. The clinical data failed to follow a normal distribution; therefore, comparisons were made using the Kruskal-Wallis test (independent measures) and Friedman ANOVA (dependent measures) followed by appropriate posthoc tests, when necessary. For the microbiological data, seeing as the data failed to follow a normal distribution, the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was performed with Dunn's post-test. The significance level was α = 0.05. RESULTS: Clinical results (halimetry) showed an immediate significant reduction in halitosis with aPDT (p = 0.0008) and/or tongue scraper (p = 0.0006). Probiotics showed no difference in relation to the initial levels (p = 0.7530). No significant differences were found in the control appointments. The amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola were not altered throughout the analysis (p = 0.1616, p = 0.2829 and p = 0.2882, respectively). CONCLUSION: There was an immediate clinical reduction of halitosis with aPDT and tongue scraping, but there was no reduction in the number of bacteria throughout the study, or differences in the control times, both in the clinical and microbiological results. New clinical trials are necessary to better assess the tested therapies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials NCT03996044.
Asunto(s)
Halitosis , Ligilactobacillus salivarius , Fotoquimioterapia , Probióticos , Humanos , Halitosis/microbiología , Halitosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Halitosis/terapia , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Lengua/microbiología , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) dermal filler has been increasingly used in facial aesthetic procedures. OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical and histological changes associated with calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) dermal filler in the orofacial region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight female Wistar rats were divided into CaHA and control groups. The material was applied in the ventral tongue and the submandibular region; the animals were euthanized after 7, 30, and 90 days. RESULTS: After 7 days, yellowish nodules with a firm consistency were observed on the tongue. In 2 animals, the material migrated to the base of the tongue. Histopathological examination revealed CaHA spheres surrounded by an infiltrate, predominantly composed of macrophages. In the CaHA group, the percentage of collagen in the tongue and dermis was higher compared with the control group ( p < .05) at both 30 and 90 days. The thickness of the epidermis/dermis was also higher in the CaHA group ( p < .05). In 5 submandibular glands containing material, areas of edema and hyperemia were observed, along with infiltrates of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Changes in the morphology of ducts and acini in adjacent regions were evident. CONCLUSION: CaHA exhibits satisfactory properties for filling and collagen biostimulation in the tested regions. Further studies are required to explore the potential for migration and the glandular alterations.
Asunto(s)
Rellenos Dérmicos , Durapatita , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Durapatita/farmacología , Durapatita/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Rellenos Dérmicos/administración & dosificación , Rellenos Dérmicos/farmacología , Ratas , Lengua/patología , Lengua/efectos de los fármacos , Glándula Submandibular/patología , Glándula Submandibular/efectos de los fármacos , Colágeno , Técnicas Cosméticas , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Materiales Biocompatibles/administración & dosificación , Migración de Cuerpo ExtrañoRESUMEN
Prevention and treatment protocols for taste changes observed during hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are not well-established. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) in relieving taste changes and preventing lingual papillae atrophy. HCT patients received PBM (n = 42) on the tongue dorsum using an InGaAIP laser (660 nm, 100 mW, 1.1 W/cm2, 8.8 J/cm2). During the HCT conditioning (T0), severe neutropenia (T1), and after neutrophil engraftment (T2), taste acuity for sweet, bitter, sour, and salty solutions, and clinical appearance of lingual papillae were compared with those of a placebo group (n = 43). PBM significantly reduced hypogeusia, ageusia, and parageusia at T1 and T2, and also successfully prevented papillae atrophy during all the analyzed HCT periods. In conclusion, PBM enhanced taste acuity during HCT. The decrease in papillae atrophy indicated a potential regenerative effect of this therapy on tongue mucosa.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad , Gusto , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Gusto/efectos de la radiación , Lengua/efectos de la radiación , Lengua/patología , Atrofia , Trastornos del Gusto/etiología , Adulto Joven , Anciano , Papilas Gustativas/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION/AIMS: Objective and practical biomarkers to determine the need for gastrostomy in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are lacking. Tongue pressure (TP) is a promising biomarker because it is associated with bulbar dysfunction. The aims of this study were to evaluate the association of TP with the need for gastrostomy, and to determine its optimal cut-off value. METHODS: This prospective observational study included participants with ALS taking nutrition orally. TP was evaluated using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. Need for gastrostomy as determined by a multidisciplinary team during a 12-month follow up period was recorded. Associations between TP and need for gastrostomy placement were performed. ROC curve analysis determined the optimal cut-off value of TP to predict gastrostomy. RESULTS: Of 208 screened participants, 119 were included. Gastrostomy was indicated in 45% (53), in a 12-month follow up period. TP of ≤20 kPA was a strong predictor of gastrostomy indication (OR 11.8, CI 95% [4.61, 34.7], p < .001). The association persisted even after adjustment for weight loss, pneumonia, prolonged feeding duration, Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale score, and American Speech-Language-Hearing Association scale score (OR 4.51, CI 95% [1.50, 14.9], p = .009). By receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, 20 kPA represented the optimal cut-off value (sensitivity 0.75, specificity 0.89). DISCUSSION: TP is a strong independent predictor of gastrostomy indication in the subsequent 12 months in patients with ALS, with good sensitivity and specificity at a cutoff value of ≤20 kPA, suggesting that it may be a promising biomarker in clinical practice.
Asunto(s)
Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral , Gastrostomía , Lengua , Humanos , Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/fisiopatología , Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/terapia , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Estudios Prospectivos , Lengua/fisiopatología , Presión , Curva ROC , Estudios de SeguimientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the nasopharynx and oropharynx airway dimensions of Caucasians, Blacks, Japanese, Japanese Brazilians, and Black Caucasians. METHODS: A sample of 216 lateral radiographs of untreated young Brazilian subjects (mean age of 12.94 years; SD 0.88) were divided into five groups: Black Caucasian, Black, Caucasian, Japanese, and Japanese Brazilian. Lateral radiographs were used to measure the oropharynx (from the midpoint on the soft palate to the closest point on the anterior pharyngeal wall) and the nasopharynx (from the intersection of the posterior border of the tongue and the inferior border of the mandible to the closest point on the posterior pharyngeal wall). Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test were performed (p< 0.05). RESULTS: The linear dimension of the oropharynx was similar among the different ethnic groups. Caucasian individuals presented a significantly greater linear dimension of the nasopharynx than Black Caucasian and Black individuals. CONCLUSIONS: All the groups had similar buccopharyngeal values. However, Caucasian individuals had significantly higher values when compared to Black Caucasians and Black individuals.
Asunto(s)
Pueblo Asiatico , Población Negra , Cefalometría , Mandíbula , Nasofaringe , Orofaringe , Población Blanca , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Brasil/etnología , Oclusión Dental , Etnicidad , Japón/etnología , Mandíbula/anatomía & histología , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagen , Nasofaringe/anatomía & histología , Nasofaringe/diagnóstico por imagen , Orofaringe/anatomía & histología , Orofaringe/diagnóstico por imagen , Paladar Blando/anatomía & histología , Paladar Blando/diagnóstico por imagen , Lengua/anatomía & histología , Lengua/diagnóstico por imagen , Grupos RacialesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate oropharyngeal structures and functions in a pediatric population with Down Syndrome (DS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to correlate with the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and sleep questionnaires. METHODS: 12 Children with DS and OSA, between the age of 4 and 12 years old, underwent polysomnography (PSG); sleep questionnaires, Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea-18 (OSA-18); and speech-language evaluation using the Short Evaluation of Orofacial Myofunctional Protocol (ShOM). RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between ShoM higher scores and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and between ShoM and the number of hypopneas. The orofacial myofunctional alterations observed in the studied group were: oral breathing, alteration in lip tonus and competence, tongue posture at rest and in swallowing, and occlusal alteration. There was also an increased risk for OSA according to the sleep questionnaires, as well as the presence of obesity and overweight, but without correlation with the severity of OSA. CONCLUSION: All DS children show alterations in orofacial characteristics, higher scores being associated to severe OSA. Orofacial myofunctional evaluation may help to identify different phenotypes in Down syndrome children with Obstructive sleep Apnea, enhancing the need for a multidisciplinary approach.
OBJETIVO: Investigar as estruturas e funções orofaríngeas de uma população pediátrica com Síndrome de Down (SD) e apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) e correlacionar com o índice de apneia/hipopneia (IAH) e questionários do sono. MÉTODO: 12 Crianças com SD e AOS, entre 4 e 12 anos, foram submetidas à polissonografia (PSG); questionários do sono, Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) e Obstructive Sleep Apnea-18 (OSA-18); e triagem fonoaudiológica por meio do Short Evaluation of Orofacial Myofunctional Protocol (ShOM). RESULTADOS: Verificou-se uma correlação positiva entre pontuações mais elevadas no ShOM e o índice de apneia hipopneia (IAH) e entre o ShOM e número de hipopneias. As alterações miofuncionais orofaciais observadas no grupo estudado foram: respiração oral, alteração no tônus e competência labial, na postura de língua em repouso e na deglutição e alteração oclusal. Verificou-se também, um risco aumentado para AOS conforme os questionários do sono, bem como presença de obesidade e sobrepeso, mas sem correlação com a gravidade da AOS. CONCLUSÃO: Todas as crianças apresentaram alterações miofuncionais orofaciais, sendo que escores mais altos no ShOM, ou seja, um maior comprometimento miofuncional orofacial, estavam associados à maior gravidade de AOS, sugerindo que a avaliação miofuncional orofacial dentro de uma abordagem multidisciplinar pode auxiliar na identificação de fatores de risco para AOS em crianças com SD.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Down , Polisomnografía , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño , Humanos , Síndrome de Down/fisiopatología , Síndrome de Down/complicaciones , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/fisiopatología , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/diagnóstico , Niño , Proyectos Piloto , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Respiración por la Boca/fisiopatología , Respiración por la Boca/complicaciones , Lengua/fisiopatología , Músculos Faciales/fisiopatología , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Pigmented fungiform papillae of the tongue is a benign condition frequent in dark skin patients. It usually appears in the second or third decade of life, and it has been reported as autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The diagnosis is clinical, but dermoscopy could be helpful: a classical rose petal pattern is observed. The pathogenesis is unknown, and no treatments are effective. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 15-year-old girl with a pigmented fungiform papillae and a compatible dermatoscopy pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Knowing the existence of this entity and its characteristic dermoscopy, avoids additional invasive medical test. We have to know this entity because it is a variant of normality.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La pigmentación de las papilas fungiformes linguales es una condición benigna y relativamente frecuente en pacientes con piel oscura. Suele aparecer en la segunda o tercera décadas de la vida y se han descrito casos de herencia autosómica dominante. El diagnóstico es clínico, pero la dermatoscopia es de gran ayuda: presenta un patrón clásico en pétalos de rosa. La patogénesis se desconoce y no hay tratamientos efectivos. CASO CLÍNICO: Reportamos el caso de una niña de 15 años con pigmentación de las papilas fungiformes y con patrón dermatoscópico compatible. CONCLUSIONES: Conocer la existencia de esta afección y su característica dermatoscopia evita realizar pruebas invasivas adicionales, ya que se trata una variante de la normalidad.
Asunto(s)
Dermoscopía , Enfermedades de la Lengua , Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Enfermedades de la Lengua/patología , Enfermedades de la Lengua/diagnóstico , Lengua/patología , Trastornos de la Pigmentación/diagnóstico , Trastornos de la Pigmentación/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study compared a dual-wavelength diode laser and an Er, Cr:YSGG laser in oral soft tissue incisions to determine the most effective and safest laser system at the histopathological level. METHODOLOGY: The (810 and 980 nm) dual-wavelength diode laser was used at 1.5 W and 2.5 W (CW) power settings, and the (2780 nm) Er, Cr:YSGG laser was used at 2.5 W and 3.5 W (PW) power settings. Both laser systems were used to incise the tissues of freshly dissected sheep tongue pieces to obtain the following histopathological criteria: epithelial tissue changes, connective tissue changes, and lateral thermal damage extent by optical microscopy. RESULTS: The epithelial and connective tissue damage scores were significantly higher in the dual-wavelength diode laser groups than in the Er, Cr:YSGG laser groups (P<0.001), and there was a significant difference between some groups. The extent of lateral thermal damage was also significantly higher in the diode laser groups than in the Er, Cr: YSGG laser groups (P<0.001), and there was a significant difference between groups. Group 2 (2.5 W) of the diode laser was the highest for all three criteria, while group 3 (2.5 W) of the Er, Cr:YSGG laser was the lowest. CONCLUSION: The Er, Cr:YSGG laser with an output power of 2.5 W is, histologically, the most effective and safest laser for oral soft tissue incision. The dual-wavelength diode laser causes more damage than the Er, Cr:YSGG laser, but it can be used with a low output power and 1 mm safety distance in excisional biopsy.
Asunto(s)
Láseres de Semiconductores , Láseres de Estado Sólido , Márgenes de Escisión , Lengua , Animales , Láseres de Semiconductores/uso terapéutico , Láseres de Estado Sólido/uso terapéutico , Lengua/cirugía , Lengua/patología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Ovinos , Tejido Conectivo/patología , Epitelio/patología , Valores de Referencia , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Orales/métodos , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Mucosa Bucal/cirugía , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Terapia por Láser/métodos , Terapia por Láser/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
Horned frogs, members of the Ceratophryidae family, encompass a group of anurans varying in size and behavior, yet unified by morphological and behavioral traits enabling them to adopt a megalophagous diet (i.e., large prey feeding). Although the group has been the focus of numerous studies, our understanding of its feeding behavior remains limited. In this study, we characterize the feeding mechanism in five species representing the three extant genera of ceratophryid anurans, both in terrestrial and aquatic environments. We also explore the ability of Chacophrys pierottii to adjust feeding behavior based on prey type. Our findings show that all species are capable of wide mouth opening, displaying an asymmetric feeding cycle. While tongue usage is the primary method for capturing prey on land, ceratophryids may use their forelimbs to manipulate prey into their mouths, exhibiting different behavioral patterns. C. pierottii shows modulation of its feeding kinematics and is also capable of some modulation of its feeding in response to prey properties.
Asunto(s)
Anuros , Lengua , Animales , Anuros/anatomía & histología , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Lengua/anatomía & histología , Boca/anatomía & histología , Conducta Alimentaria/fisiología , Conducta Predatoria/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Early diagnosis of potentially malignant disorders, such as oral epithelial dysplasia, is the most reliable way to prevent oral cancer. Computational algorithms have been used as an auxiliary tool to aid specialists in this process. Usually, experiments are performed on private data, making it difficult to reproduce the results. There are several public datasets of histological images, but studies focused on oral dysplasia images use inaccessible datasets. This prevents the improvement of algorithms aimed at this lesion. This study introduces an annotated public dataset of oral epithelial dysplasia tissue images. The dataset includes 456 images acquired from 30 mouse tongues. The images were categorized among the lesion grades, with nuclear structures manually marked by a trained specialist and validated by a pathologist. Also, experiments were carried out in order to illustrate the potential of the proposed dataset in classification and segmentation processes commonly explored in the literature. Convolutional neural network (CNN) models for semantic and instance segmentation were employed on the images, which were pre-processed with stain normalization methods. Then, the segmented and non-segmented images were classified with CNN architectures and machine learning algorithms. The data obtained through these processes is available in the dataset. The segmentation stage showed the F1-score value of 0.83, obtained with the U-Net model using the ResNet-50 as a backbone. At the classification stage, the most expressive result was achieved with the Random Forest method, with an accuracy value of 94.22%. The results show that the segmentation contributed to the classification results, but studies are needed for the improvement of these stages of automated diagnosis. The original, gold standard, normalized, and segmented images are publicly available and may be used for the improvement of clinical applications of CAD methods on oral epithelial dysplasia tissue images.
Asunto(s)
Redes Neurales de la Computación , Ratones , Animales , Aprendizaje Automático , Algoritmos , Neoplasias de la Boca/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Bases de Datos Factuales , Lesiones Precancerosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Lesiones Precancerosas/patología , Lengua/patología , Lengua/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Mucosa Bucal/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Traumatic Ulcerative Granuloma with Stromal Eosinophilia, commonly known as Eosinophilic Ulcer, is a reactive solitary and self-limiting benign lesion. It manifests as a punched-out ulcer with a distinct surrounding indurated border, often raising concerns about malignancy. METHODS: A 44-year-old male presented with a painless, indurated tongue ulcer evolving over three months. Despite being asymptomatic, the patient underwent an incisional biopsy due to suspicions of oral squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS: Histological analysis revealed a disrupted epithelial lining, dense necrotic connective tissue, and a fibrino-purulent pseudomembrane. Proximal to the ulcer, a collar-like projection of reactive epithelial tissue hyperplasia was noted, accompanied by mononuclear cells and a predominantly histiocytic infiltrate in the submucosal layer surrounding skeletal muscle fibers. The final diagnosis was Traumatic Ulcerative Granuloma with Stromal Eosinophilia. Remarkably, the lesion spontaneously healed within 2 weeks post-biopsy, with no recurrence over 6 months. CONCLUSION: This case emphasizes considering this benign condition in the differential diagnosis of oral ulcers, highlighting the importance of accurate histopathological evaluation to rule out cancer.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Eosinofilia , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Neoplasias de la Boca , Úlceras Bucales , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Úlcera/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Granuloma/patología , Eosinofilia/patología , Lengua/patología , Úlceras Bucales/diagnóstico , Tejido Conectivo/patología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patologíaRESUMEN
An 82-year-old man with a history of hypertension and coronary revascularization presented with sudden-onset right hemiparesis and disorientation lasting 5 hours. On admission, he was intubated because of gasping and a Glasgow Coma Scale of 3. Hemorrhagic stroke was suspected, but ruled out by the initial head CT, which revealed old cerebellar lacunae. The following day, the comatose, now unsedated patient exhibited tetraparesis; fixed, nonreactive pupils; and corneal reflex, but no oculocephalic reflex. Rhythmic undulating tongue movements without palatal or limb involvement were first observed (Video 1). EEG revealed no epileptiform activity. Follow-up head CT showed acute ischemic lesions in the thalamocapsular region, midbrain, and pons while angiotomography revealed distal basilar artery occlusion (Figure). Involuntary tongue movements, though rare, have been associated with various conditions such as stroke, trauma, and epilepsy.1,2 These movements may result from disinhibition within the inhibitory reticular formation projecting to hypoglossal neurons, suggesting the pontine reticular formation as a central pacemaker.2.
Asunto(s)
Accidente Cerebrovascular Hemorrágico , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Humanos , Masculino , Coma , Hipercinesia , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico por imagen , LenguaRESUMEN
AIMS: Data on halitosis among individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are scarce. The aim was to evaluate factors associated with the occurrence of halitosis reported by parents/caregivers (P/Cs) in individuals with DS. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in non-governmental assistance institutions in the State of Minas Gerais-Brazil. P/Cs have answered an electronic questionnaire with sociodemographic, behavioral and oral health data. Factors associated with halitosis were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. The sample comprised 227 P/Cs (age 48.8 ± 13.2 years; 82.9% mothers) of individuals with DS (age 20.8 ± 13.5 years). The prevalence of halitosis in the total sample was 34.4% (n = 78) and its occurrence was associated: 1) in individuals with DS ≤18 years old (26.2%; n = 27)-negative perception of oral health (OR = 3.91); 2) in individuals with DS > 18 years (41.1%; n = 51)-gingival bleeding (OR = 4.53), absence of tongue brushing (OR = 4.50), negative perception of oral health (OR = 2.72). CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of halitosis in individuals with DS reported by P/Cs was relevant and associated with dental factors, having a negative impact on the perception of oral health. Oral hygiene practices, especially tongue brushing, should be reinforced to prevent and control halitosis.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Down , Halitosis , Humanos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Halitosis/epidemiología , Halitosis/etiología , Síndrome de Down/complicaciones , Síndrome de Down/epidemiología , Cuidadores , Estudios Transversales , Padres , LenguaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Sublingual varicose veins are a common vascular lesion with different names, such as caviar tongue or vascular malformations. This study aimed to investigate whether there is an association between sublingual varicose veins and cardiovascular diseases by observing arterial hypertension, diabetes, thrombosis, and infarction. In addition, to evaluate a series of thrombi that affected the oral cavity and to analyze their clinical aspects and relate them to possible systemic alterations. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study consisting of a sample of 134 varicosities, 23 vascular malformations, and 4 thrombosis. RESULTS: Lingual varicosities are more frequently observed in women aged 57.4 ± 16.4 years. Hypertension was present in lingual varicosities (n = 73), as well as diabetes (n = 107), reports of thrombosis (n = 41), and infarction (n = 45). Arterial hypertension was decompensated (n = 12). The most frequent underlying diseases were diabetes (p < 0.001), infarction (p = 0.012), and thrombosis (p = 0.004), and the most commonly used drug was losartan. CONCLUSION: It can be inferred from the present study that lingual varicosities are related to cardiovascular diseases and can serve as a parameter to measure their decompensation.
Asunto(s)
Hipertensión , Várices , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Anciano , Adulto , Trombosis , Suelo de la Boca/irrigación sanguínea , Lengua/irrigación sanguínea , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
Morphological study of the tongue is an interesting way of understanding evolutionary processes associated with feeding habits. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to describe the tongue morphology of the Antillean manatee and to understand possible morphological relationships with its way of capturing food. Macroscopic dissections and light and scanning electron microscopy analyses of seven manatee tongues were performed. The tongue in Antillean manatees is a muscular and robust organ, divided into apex, body, and root. It is firmly adhered to the floor of the oral cavity. Lingual papillae were distributed over the entire tongue surface. They were identified as filiform papillae concentrated in the apex. Fungiform papillae were present on the apex and lateral regions. Foliate papillae were located on the dorsolateral portion of the root. Lentiform papillae were located across the dorsal tongue surface. The mucosa was lined by a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium presenting compound tubuloacinar glands and taste buds in the foliate papillae. The tongue of the Antillean manatee is similar to other Sirenia species, both of which share a completely herbivorous diet.
Asunto(s)
Papilas Gustativas , Trichechus manatus , Animales , Lengua/anatomía & histología , Papilas Gustativas/anatomía & histología , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , BocaRESUMEN
Objetivo: Descrever um caso de paciente com lipoma oral intramuscular e compilar os principais aspectos dessa rara lesão. Relato do caso: Mulher caucasiana de 78 anos queixou-se de inchaço na língua. O aumento de volume apresentava cerca de 5 anos de evolução. O exame físico revelou uma lesão nodular na borda lateral direita da língua com diâmetro de aproximadamente 2,5 cm, macia ao toque, superfície lisa sem indícios de trauma, coloração semelhante à da mucosa lingual e com limites nítidos. Realizou-se biópsia excisional e o exame histopatológico revelou tecido adiposo maduro, com fibras musculares aprisionadas no interior e ao redor da lesão, ausência de atipias citológicas e mitoses, estabelecendo o diagnóstico definitivo de lipoma intramuscular. Não houve recorrência durante um período de 4 anos. Discussão: Lipoma é uma neoplasia benigna composta por adipócitos maduros, incomum na cavidade oral. Seu padrão intramuscular é uma forma rara de lipoma com comportamento infiltrativo e taxa de recorrência maior que o lipoma comum. Sua etiopatogenia não é totalmente compreendida e seu tratamento padrão é a excisão cirúrgica. Essa lesão faz diagnóstico diferencial com outras patologias importantes, inclusive o lipossarcoma. Existem poucos casos documentados de lipomas intramusculares em língua. Conclusão: O lipoma oral intramuscular é raro e o cirurgião-dentista precisa atentar ao seu diagnóstico diferencial com lipossarcoma e ao seu maior potencial de recidiva em relação ao lipoma comum.
Aim:To describe a case of a patient with intramuscular oral lipoma and to compile the main aspects of this rare lesion. Case report:A 78-year-old caucasian woman complained of a swelling on her tongue. The increase in volume showed an evolution of about 5 years. Physical examination revealed a nodular lesion on the right lateral border of the tongue with a diameter of approximately 2.5 cm, soft to the touch, smoothsurface with no evidence of trauma, color similar to that of the lingual mucosa and with clear limits.An excisional biopsy was performed and the histopathological examination revealed mature adipose tissue, with muscle fibers trapped inside and around the lesion, absence of cytological atypia and mitosis, establishing the definitive diagnosis of intramuscular lipoma. There was no recurrence over a period of 4 years. Discussion:Lipoma is a benign neoplasm composed of mature adipocytes, uncommon in the oral cavity. Its intramuscular pattern is a rare form of lipoma with infiltrative behavior and a higher recurrence rate than the common lipoma. Its etiopathogenesis is not fully understood and its standard treatment is surgical excision. This lesion makes a differential diagnosis with other important pathologies, including liposarcoma. There are few documented cases of intramuscular lipomas on the tongue. Conclusion:Intramuscular oral lipoma is rare and dentists need to pay attention to its differential diagnosis with liposarcoma and its greater potential for recurrence in relation to common lipoma.
Asunto(s)
Lengua/cirugía , BiopsiaRESUMEN
SUMMARY: The geese's tongue filiform papillae are particularly long, and exhibit the same morphology of a tooth, evoking the lingual teeth of several fishes. In adult animals, they contain numerous mechanical Herbst's corpuscles but no taste buds. In the embryo, they appear since stage 38 and acquire their definitive shape between stages 38 and 42. They express several proteins associated with mammalian tooth development (BMP4, β-catenin, SHH, PITX2, PAX9), also known to be linked to parrot's pseudoteeth and goose's denticulations development. Neurofilaments are early present in the papillae primordia, and appear particularly numerous in adult papillae. Our results suggest that these papillae constitute a mechanical organ with a « tooth shape » derived from ancestral odontodes, whose development is controlled by numerous genes involved in classical odontogenesis.
Las papilas filiformes de la lengua de los gansos son particularmente largas y exhiben la morfología de un diente, evocando los dientes linguales presentes en varios peces. En los animales adultos, contienen numerosos corpúsculos de Herbst mecánicos, aunque una ausencia de papilas gustativas. En el embrión, aparecen a partir del estadio 38 y adquieren su forma definitiva entre los estadios 38 y 42. Expresan varias proteínas asociadas al desarrollo dentario de los mamíferos (BMP4, β-catenina, SHH, PITX2, PAX9), también conocidas por estar asociadas al desarrollo de pseudodientes en el loro y denticulaciones en el ganso. Los neurofilamentos están presentes tempranamente en los primordios de las papilas y aparecen particularmente numerosos en las papilas adultas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que estas papilas constituyen un órgano mecánico con «forma de diente» derivado de odontoides ancestrales, cuyo desarrollo está controlado por numerosos genes implicados en la odontogénesis clásica.