RESUMEN
Estudos recentes sobre Juliano Moreira enfatizam sua obra no Rio de Janeiro (1903-1933), mas o objetivo central deste artigo é descrever sua contribuição na Gazeta Medica da Bahia, em período anterior (1893-1903). Descreve a trajetória dessa revista que serviu de veículo para as pesquisas originais da Escola Tropicalista Bahiana. Apresenta a produção de Moreira na Gazeta, em que ele surge como estudioso nas áreas de dermatologia, sifilografia e parasitologia, tendo identificado, pela primeira vez no Brasil, a leishmaniose cutâneo-mucosa. Nessa época ele também se afirma como professor em neuropsiquiatria, passando a realizar estudos clínicos na área, analisar modelos assistenciais e propor mudanças na assistência médica. Destaca a importância de Moreira não só como colaborador da Gazeta durante uma década, mas também como redator, bem como sua atuação como redator principal (1901-1902). (AU)
Asunto(s)
Salud Pública/historia , Publicación Periódica/historia , Historia de la Medicina , Psiquiatría/historia , Leishmaniasis Mucocutánea/historia , Dermatología/historia , Salud Mental/historia , Brasil , Medios de Comunicación de MasasRESUMEN
Estudos recentes sobre Juliano Moreira enfatizam sua obra no Rio de Janeiro (1903-1933), mas o objetivo central deste artigo é descrever sua contribuição na Gazeta Medica da Bahia, em período anterior (1893-1903). Descreve a trajetória dessa revista que serviu de veículo para as pesquisas originais da Escola Tropicalista Bahiana. Apresenta a produção de Moreira na Gazeta, em que ele surge como estudioso nas áreas de dermatologia, sifilografia e parasitologia, tendo identificado, pela primeira vez no Brasil, a leishmaniose cutâneo-mucosa. Nessa época ele também se afirma como professor em neuropsiquiatria, passando a realizar estudos clínicos na área, analisar modelos assistenciais e propor mudanças na assistência médica. Destaca a importância de Moreira não só como colaborador da Gazeta durante uma década, mas também como redator, bem como sua atuação como redator principal (1901-1902).
Asunto(s)
Dermatología/historia , Historia de la Medicina , Leishmaniasis Mucocutánea/historia , Publicación Periódica , Psiquiatría/historia , Salud Mental/historia , Salud Pública/historia , Brasil , Medios de Comunicación de MasasRESUMEN
It attempts to understand the emergence of Brazilian parasitology by looking into the process of identification of a still important disease, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, also known as American cutaneous leishmaniasis. The role of Brazilian parasitologists in the identification of Leishmania braziliensis of any other parasite in the early 20th century must be seen as more than simply a scientific contribution. It represents the identification of a national nosography and the construction of an independent medicine and public health as well as the foundation of a Brazilian scientific community.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Leishmania braziliensis/microbiología , Parasitología/historia , Leishmaniasis Mucocutánea/historia , Brasil , Historia de la Medicina , Salud Pública/historia , Ciencia/historiaRESUMEN
The description of a new species of Leishmania spp. and the comprehensive study of a yet incompletely understood disease, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, was a significant accomplishment of the then emerging Brazilian medical and public health science in the early decades of the 20th century. Gaspar Vianna and a group of academic-minded physicians in São Paulo brought forth a task still largely ignored, the complete description of a new nosological entity, in the process forming the core of a parasitological school that would bridge the 20th century with important contributions to medical science and public health. This article analyses the conditions surrounding this group in São Paulo and the major landmarks of their contributions.
Asunto(s)
Leishmania braziliensis/aislamiento & purificación , Leishmaniasis Mucocutánea/historia , Parasitología/historia , Enfermedades de los Trabajadores Agrícolas/historia , Enfermedades de los Trabajadores Agrícolas/parasitología , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Leishmaniasis Mucocutánea/epidemiología , Leishmaniasis Mucocutánea/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Concentra-se sobre a origem, difusäo e história das leishmanioses tegumentares americanas (LTA), com especial enfoque sobre a leishmaniose mucosa (LM) no continente sul-americano, cuja análise foi feita através de fontes históricas. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Leishmaniasis Cutánea/historia , Leishmaniasis Mucocutánea/historia , Indígenas Sudamericanos , Perú , Bolivia , Brasil , Enfermedades Transmisibles/historiaRESUMEN
Concentra-se sobre a origem, difusão e história das leishmanioses tegumentares americanas (LTA), com especial enfoque sobre a leishmaniose mucosa (LM) no continente sul-americano, cuja análise foi feita através de fontes históricas.
Asunto(s)
Leishmaniasis Cutánea/historia , Leishmaniasis Mucocutánea/historia , Bolivia , Brasil , Enfermedades Transmisibles/historia , PerúRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The majority of paleopathological investigations focus on the study of the skull. This is because the skull is the most frequently preserved part of the human body recovered from archaeological excavations. From studying the skull, a variety of information can be obtained regarding the individual, such as sex, age, nutritional status, and other disease processes, if present. METHODS: This study represents the examination of more than 700 human skulls recovered from archaeological excavations from the Andean region of southern Peru and northern Chile and dating back more than 8000 years. RESULTS: A variety of skull abnormalities were encountered. The nonmetric variables of Huschke's foramina and palatine tori were common. Cranial deformation was observed in more than 85% of the cases. There were two cases of sagittal synostosis. Iron deficiency anemia resulting in porotic hyperostosis of the skull was evident in certain cultures. Exostoses of the external auditory canal resulting from chronic otitis was evident only among coastal populations. One skull demonstrated a periostitis consistent with Treponema infection. Trephination was encountered only in the skulls from Peru. Fifty-four cases of skull fractures were observed, half of which showed evidence of healing. Finally, only two cases of neoplastic skull lesions were encountered. CONCLUSION: The study of the human skull alone provides a large amount of information regarding the health and diseases of ancient populations.
Asunto(s)
Indígenas Sudamericanos , Momias/patología , Cráneo/patología , Adulto , Anemia Hipocrómica/patología , Animales , Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/patología , Cefalometría , Niño , Chile , Craneosinostosis/patología , Perros , Estética/historia , Exostosis/patología , Femenino , Pérdida Auditiva Conductiva/historia , Pérdida Auditiva Conductiva/patología , Historia Antigua , Humanos , Lactante , Leishmaniasis Mucocutánea/historia , Leishmaniasis Mucocutánea/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos Nutricionales/patología , Enfermedades Profesionales/historia , Enfermedades Profesionales/patología , Osteoma/patología , Perú , Cráneo/anomalías , Cráneo/lesiones , Fracturas Craneales/patología , Neoplasias Craneales/patología , Neoplasias Craneales/secundario , Sífilis/historia , Sífilis/patología , TrepanaciónAsunto(s)
Leishmaniasis Mucocutánea/historia , Leishmaniasis/historia , Animales , Ecología , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Insectos Vectores/parasitología , Leishmania/fisiología , Leishmaniasis/transmisión , Leishmaniasis Mucocutánea/transmisión , Panamá , Psychodidae/parasitología , Psychodidae/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The majority of Parasitology textbooks and reference lists on Leishmaniasis do not quote the name of Achille Breda. This Italian dermatologist (1850-1934) however must be considered the first who clinically identified and carefully described the American muco-cutaneous Leishmaniasis, a disease for which some scientists proposed the name of "Breda's disease" (Jeanselme, 1910). Breda studied at the University of Padua, attending as postgraduate the famous Hebra's school of Wien. He became professor of "Syphilodermatopathology" in 1878 and during 47 years taught in Padua. He never was in South or Central America, but studied the illness in Padua itself, in 18 Italian emigrants who had come back ill from the São Paulo region, Brazil. At that time the agents of yaws, cutaneous and muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis and syphilis had not yet discovered and there was great confusion about the granulomatous lesions of the skin and mucosae seen in tropical areas. In this situation he exactly differentiated the condition from syphilis, yaws and lupus and could affirm, with the security of a highly skilled observer that it was an autonomous, different illness, peculiar to some rural areas of Brazil, non contagious directly, appearing in determinate season of the year but lasting for years and often conducting the subjects to the cachexia. His description of the symptomatology, post-morten anatomy, histology and his epidemiological observations, even nowadays represent one of the most accurate and complete pictures of this illesss. Breda's life and works are here reviewed and some passages of his papers on mucocutaneous leishmaniasis reported.
Asunto(s)
Leishmaniasis Mucocutánea/historia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Italia , Leishmaniasis Mucocutánea/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Decrease or interruption of transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis as a result of spraying of human dwellings with residual insecticides has been reported by several investigators. In this report the behaviour of the disease after cessation of spraying in the villages of Isfahan is studied. In 16 villages sprayed with DDT from 1966 through 1969, the incidence decreased from 8.2 per 1000 in 1965 to 0,7 per 1000 in 1969 but in 1970, the first year after cessation of spraying, the incidence increased to 15 per 1000, a 20-fold increase. The control villages did not show these changes, still having the incidence figure of more than 9 per 1000 per year. The study shows that insecticide spraying is not the fianl answer in the control of leishmaniasis.