RESUMEN

L-Acetylcarnitine (ALC), a versatile compound, has demonstrated beneficial effects in depression, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment, and other conditions. This study focuses on its antithyroid activity. The precursor molecule, L-carnitine, inhibited the uptake of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), and it is possible that ALC may reduce the iodination process of T3 and T4. Currently, antithyroid drugs are used to control the excessive production of thyroid hormones (TH) through various mechanisms: (i) forming electron donor-acceptor complexes with molecular iodine, (ii) eliminating hydrogen peroxide, and (iii) inhibiting the enzyme thyroid peroxidase. To understand the pharmacological properties of ALC, we investigated its plausible mechanisms of action. ALC demonstrated the ability to capture iodine (Kc = 8.07 ± 0.32 x 105 M-1), inhibit the enzyme lactoperoxidase (LPO) (IC50 = 17.60 ± 0.76 µM), and scavenge H2O2 (39.82 ± 0.67 mM). A comprehensive physicochemical characterization of ALC was performed using FTIR, Raman, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, along with theoretical DFT calculations. The inhibition process was assessed through fluorescence spectroscopy and vibrational analysis. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to predict the binding mode of ALC to LPO and to gain a better understanding into the inhibition process. Furthermore, albumin binding experiments were also conducted. These findings highlight the potential of ALC as a therapeutic agent, providing valuable insights for further investigating its role in the treatment of thyroid disorders.

Asunto(s)

Yodo , Glándula Tiroides , Lactoperoxidasa/metabolismo , Lactoperoxidasa/farmacología , Acetilcarnitina/metabolismo , Acetilcarnitina/farmacología , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Yodo/química , Modelos Teóricos

RESUMEN

This study proposed the development of a monolithic supermacroporous affinity column for direct capture of lactoperoxidase, a glycoprotein present in milk, whey, and colostrum, with several applications due to its wide antimicrobial activity. A poly(acrylamide)-based cryogel was produced by radical co-polymerization of monomers in frozen aqueous solution and activated with p-aminobenzenesulfonamide as a ligand for specific interaction with the lactoperoxidase. The axial liquid dispersion coefficients at different liquid flow rates were determined by measuring residence time distributions using the tracer pulse-response method. The axial dispersion coefficient was low and the height equivalent to theoretical plate was not dependent on the flow velocity. The adsorptive capacity of affinity cryogel was studied as a function of flow velocity and the best condition was 0.9 cm/min. The response surface methodology was applied to optimize the capture of the enzyme, as a function of pH and salt concentration. Higher purification factor value was found at a salt concentration of 80 mmol/L and pH of 8.0 (p < 0.05). There was no influence of the variables under study on the yield (p > 0.05). The results indicated that affinity cryogel is a promising chromatography support for the use in high-throughput one-step purification of lactoperoxidase from whey.

Asunto(s)

Criogeles , Lactoperoxidasa , Criogeles/química , Suero Lácteo , Ligandos , Adsorción , Cromatografía de Afinidad/métodos

RESUMEN

This report describes how image processing harnessed to multivariate analysis techniques can be used as a bio-analytical tool for mastitis screening in cows using milk samples collected from 48 animals (32 from Jersey, 7 from Gir, and 9 from Guzerat cow breeds), totalizing a dataset of 144 sequential images was collected and analyzed. In this context, this methodology was developed based on the lactoperoxidase activity to assess mastitis using recorded images of a cuvette during a simple experiment and subsequent image treatments with an R statistics platform. The color of the sample changed from white to brown upon its exposure to reagents, which is a consequence of lactoperoxidase enzymatic reaction. Data analysis was performed to extract the channels from the RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color system, where the resulting dataset was evaluated with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), and Second-Order Regression (SO). Interesting results in terms of enzymatic activity correlation (R2 = 0.96 and R2 = 0.98 by MLR and SO, respectively) and of somatic cell count (R2 = 0.97 and R2 = 0.99 by MLR and SO, respectively), important mastitis indicators, were obtained using this simple method. Additionally, potential advantages can be accessed such as quality control of the dairy chain, easier bovine mastitis prognosis, lower cost, analytical frequency, and could serve as an evaluative parameter to verify the health of the mammary gland.

Asunto(s)

Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Lactoperoxidasa/análisis , Lactoperoxidasa/metabolismo , Mastitis Bovina/diagnóstico , Leche/química , Animales , Bovinos , Femenino , Mastitis Bovina/enzimología

RESUMEN

Chromium (Cr) is a micromineral that is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, ammonia, and nucleic acids; thus, its supplementation can influence the nutritional status of ruminants, and consequently, colostrum profile, since this secretion depends on products secreted by the mammary gland and elements of the maternal bloodstream. The present study investigated the influence of supplementation with Cr bound to organic molecule on the nutritional, immune, and antioxidant quality of ewe colostrum. Thirty-two multiparous Santa Ines ewes (55.3 ± 8.00 kg body weight) were randomly assigned into four groups: T1 (0.0 mg of chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementation per ewe, n = 8), T2 (0.15 mg of CrPic per ewe, n = 9), T3 (0.30 mg of CrPic per ewe, n = 7), and T4 (0.45 mg of CrPic per ewe, n = 8). Supplementation was supplied during the breeding season, pregnancy, and lactation. Shortly after calving, the first milking colostrum was collected to determine its chemical composition, activity of lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, ceruloplasmin, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity. The results show that lactoperoxidase activity decreased with CrPic supplementation (P < 0.01), revealing that this micromineral reduces an important component of defense mechanism in the body. Therefore, the results of this work show that supplementation with chromium picolinate influences colostrum quality.

Asunto(s)

Cromo/farmacología , Calostro/efectos de los fármacos , Lactoperoxidasa/metabolismo , Ácidos Picolínicos/farmacología , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Catalasa/metabolismo , Ceruloplasmina/metabolismo , Cromo/administración & dosificación , Cromo/análisis , Calostro/química , Calostro/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Femenino , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Muramidasa/metabolismo , Ácidos Picolínicos/administración & dosificación , Embarazo , Ovinos

RESUMEN

CONTEXT: Hydroxyapatite has shown to regenerate the mineralized layer of dentin, whereas the combination of the enzymes lysozyme, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase may exhibit antimicrobial properties against oral pathogens. AIMS: To evaluate a combination of hydroxyapatite and lysozyme, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase for the treatment of dentinal caries by measuring viable Streptococcus mutans. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Laboratory study with experimental groups. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Carious lesions in 20 permanent third molars were treated with a combination of hydroxyapatite and the enzymes lysozyme, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase. Carious dentin was collected and homogenized in a vortex shaker. After homogenization, five decimal dilutions were performed. Three aliquots of 25 µL of each dilution were seeded onto the surface of mitis salivarius bacitracin (MSB) medium. All plates were incubated in anaerobic jars. After incubation, the viable bacterial count was determined. S. mutans counts were obtained before and 24 h, 1 month, and 6 months after treatment. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Descriptive statistical analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis test, supplemented by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. RESULTS: A significant reduction in S. mutans counts was observed 24 h after sealing with a combination of hydroxyapatite, lysozyme, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase as compared to counts after 1 month and after 6 months (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of hydroxyapatite with lysozyme, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase may be an alternative for S. mutans control in dentinal caries.

Asunto(s)

Antiinfecciosos , Caries Dental , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Susceptibilidad a Caries Dentarias , Durapatita , Humanos , Lactoferrina , Lactoperoxidasa , Muramidasa , Streptococcus mutans

RESUMEN

O presente estudo analisou um binômio de tempo-temperatura alternativo para ser utilizado na pasteurização lenta sobre a inativação da fosfatase alcalina no leite caprino. Sua eficiência foi demonstrada pela contagem padrão em placas, e foi feita a comparação no processamento de leite refrigerado e congelado. Foram utilizados 18 tratamentos em leite caprino cru (nove em leite refrigerado e nove em leite congelado). Estes foram acondicionados em frascos de 300 mL, pasteurizados a 60, 63 e 65°C durante 10-20-30 minutos, e testadas às enzimas fosfatase alcalina e peroxidase. A contagem padrão em placas (CPP) e coliformes a 35 e 45°C foi feita nas amostras cruas e em cada tratamento, em duplicata. Após a pasteurização, todos os tratamentos apresentaram: não crescimento de microrganismos mesófilos, coliformes com <0,3 NMP/mL, prova de fosfatase negativa e peroxidase positiva. A pasteurização foi eficiente para melhorar a qualidade microbiológica do leite tanto refrigerado quanto congelado. Todos os binômios avaliados apresentaram resultados satisfatórios para alcançar os parâmetros preconizados em legislação, sugerindo-se o menor binômio (60°C por 10 min). Não houve diferença entre as formas de armazenamento das amostras: refrigerada ou congelada. (AU)

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The objective of this study was to investigate an alternative time-temperature binomial to be used in the slow pasteurization on the alkaline phosphatase inactivation in the goat milk. Its efficiency was demonstrated with the standard counting in plates, and also refrigerated and the frozen milks processing were compared. Eighteen treatments were used in the raw goat milk (nine refrigerated milk and nine frozen milk). They were packed in 300 mL-flasks, pasteurized at 60-63-65°C for 10, 20, 30 minutes, and then tested for alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase enzymes. The standard counts in plates (CPP) and coliforms at 35°C and 45°C were performed in the raw samples and in the every treatment, in duplicate. After the pasteurization process, all of the treatments showed: no growth of mesophilic microorganisms, coliforms with <0.3 MPN / mL, negative phosphatase and positive peroxidase tests. The pasteurization was efficient to improve the microbiological quality of the milk either refrigerated or frozen. All of the evaluated binomials presented satisfactory results to reach the recommended parameters preconized in the legislation, suggesting the smaller binomial (60°C for 10 min). There was no difference between the samples storage form, either refrigerated or frozen. (AU)

Asunto(s)

Cabras , Leche , Fosfatasa Alcalina , Coliformes , Pasteurización , Lactoperoxidasa

RESUMEN

O presente estudo analisou um binômio de tempo-temperatura alternativo para ser utilizado na pasteurização lenta sobre a inativação da fosfatase alcalina no leite caprino. Sua eficiência foi demonstrada pela contagem padrão em placas, e foi feita a comparação no processamento de leite refrigerado e congelado. Foram utilizados 18 tratamentos em leite caprino cru (nove em leite refrigerado e nove em leite congelado). Estes foram acondicionados em frascos de 300 mL, pasteurizados a 60, 63 e 65°C durante 10-20-30 minutos, e testadas às enzimas fosfatase alcalina e peroxidase. A contagem padrão em placas (CPP) e coliformes a 35 e 45°C foi feita nas amostras cruas e em cada tratamento, em duplicata. Após a pasteurização, todos os tratamentos apresentaram: não crescimento de microrganismos mesófilos, coliformes com <0,3 NMP/mL, prova de fosfatase negativa e peroxidase positiva. A pasteurização foi eficiente para melhorar a qualidade microbiológica do leite tanto refrigerado quanto congelado. Todos os binômios avaliados apresentaram resultados satisfatórios para alcançar os parâmetros preconizados em legislação, sugerindo-se o menor binômio (60°C por 10 min). Não houve diferença entre as formas de armazenamento das amostras: refrigerada ou congelada.

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The objective of this study was to investigate an alternative time-temperature binomial to be used in the slow pasteurization on the alkaline phosphatase inactivation in the goat milk. Its efficiency was demonstrated with the standard counting in plates, and also refrigerated and the frozen milks processing were compared. Eighteen treatments were used in the raw goat milk (nine refrigerated milk and nine frozen milk). They were packed in 300 mL-flasks, pasteurized at 60-63-65°C for 10, 20, 30 minutes, and then tested for alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase enzymes. The standard counts in plates (CPP) and coliforms at 35°C and 45°C were performed in the raw samples and in the every treatment, in duplicate. After the pasteurization process, all of the treatments showed: no growth of mesophilic microorganisms, coliforms with <0.3 MPN / mL, negative phosphatase and positive peroxidase tests. The pasteurization was efficient to improve the microbiological quality of the milk either refrigerated or frozen. All of the evaluated binomials presented satisfactory results to reach the recommended parameters preconized in the legislation, suggesting the smaller binomial (60°C for 10 min). There was no difference between the samples storage form, either refrigerated or frozen.

Asunto(s)

Fosfatasa Alcalina , Lactoperoxidasa , Leche/química , Pasteurización/métodos , Cabras , Coliformes , Células del Mesófilo

RESUMEN

O presente estudo analisou um binômio de tempo-temperatura alternativo para ser utilizado na pasteurização lenta sobre a inativação da fosfatase alcalina no leite caprino. Sua eficiência foi demonstrada pela contagem padrão em placas, e foi feita a comparação no processamento de leite refrigerado e congelado. Foram utilizados 18 tratamentos em leite caprino cru (nove em leite refrigerado e nove em leite congelado). Estes foram acondicionados em frascos de 300 mL, pasteurizados a 60, 63 e 65°C durante 10-20-30 minutos, e testadas às enzimas fosfatase alcalina e peroxidase. A contagem padrão em placas (CPP) e coliformes a 35 e 45°C foi feita nas amostras cruas e em cada tratamento, em duplicata. Após a pasteurização, todos os tratamentos apresentaram: não crescimento de microrganismos mesófilos, coliformes com <0,3 NMP/mL, prova de fosfatase negativa e peroxidase positiva. A pasteurização foi eficiente para melhorar a qualidade microbiológica do leite tanto refrigerado quanto congelado. Todos os binômios avaliados apresentaram resultados satisfatórios para alcançar os parâmetros preconizados em legislação, sugerindo-se o menor binômio (60°C por 10 min). Não houve diferença entre as formas de armazenamento das amostras: refrigerada ou congelada.(AU)

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The objective of this study was to investigate an alternative time-temperature binomial to be used in the slow pasteurization on the alkaline phosphatase inactivation in the goat milk. Its efficiency was demonstrated with the standard counting in plates, and also refrigerated and the frozen milks processing were compared. Eighteen treatments were used in the raw goat milk (nine refrigerated milk and nine frozen milk). They were packed in 300 mL-flasks, pasteurized at 60-63-65°C for 10, 20, 30 minutes, and then tested for alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase enzymes. The standard counts in plates (CPP) and coliforms at 35°C and 45°C were performed in the raw samples and in the every treatment, in duplicate. After the pasteurization process, all of the treatments showed: no growth of mesophilic microorganisms, coliforms with <0.3 MPN / mL, negative phosphatase and positive peroxidase tests. The pasteurization was efficient to improve the microbiological quality of the milk either refrigerated or frozen. All of the evaluated binomials presented satisfactory results to reach the recommended parameters preconized in the legislation, suggesting the smaller binomial (60°C for 10 min). There was no difference between the samples storage form, either refrigerated or frozen.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Leche/química , Pasteurización/métodos , Fosfatasa Alcalina , Lactoperoxidasa , Cabras , Coliformes , Células del Mesófilo

RESUMEN

This study compared the expression profile of the candidate genes, CSF3 and LPO, by investigating the immune response mechanisms involved in the phenotype of resistance and susceptibility to mastitis of healthy and infected buffaloes. The Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor 3 (CSF3) and Lactoperoxidase (LPO) genes expression profiles were determined in 24 milk samples from buffaloes with (N = 12) and without (N = 12) mastitis, using the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technique. CSF3 and LPO expressions were 5.14 (P = 0.001) and 2.41 (P = 0.097) times higher in animals with mastitis compared to healthy animals, respectively, evidencing a trend toward different expressions of this gene in the studied groups. Our finding suggests that LPO and CSF3 genes are an important defense mechanism against mastitis in dairy buffaloes, and may be putative genes for selecting healthier animals in buffalo breeding programs.

Asunto(s)

Búfalos/genética , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/genética , Lactoperoxidasa/genética , Mastitis/genética , Leche/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Animales , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/metabolismo , Lactoperoxidasa/metabolismo

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on the expression of the genes antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) and lactoperoxidase (Lpo) in the lung of mice subjected to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (IIR). METHODS: Control group (CG) in which were subjected to anesthesia, laparotomy and observation for 120 minutes; an ischemia and reperfusion group (IRG) subjected to anesthesia, laparotomy, small bowel ischemia for 60 minutes and reperfusion for 60 minutes; and three groups treated with HBO during ischemia (HBOG + I), during reperfusion (HBOG + R) and during ischemia and reperfusion (HBOG + IR). Studied 84 genes of oxidative stress by the method (RT-qPCR). Genes with expression levels three times below or above the threshold cycle were considered significantly hypoexpressed or hyperexpressed, respectively (Student's t-test p<0.05). RESULTS: Gpx4 and Lpo were hiperexpressed on IRG, showing a correlation with these genes with lung oxidative stress. Treated with HBO, there was a significant reduction on genic expression on HBOG+I. CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric oxygenation showed to be associated with decreased expression of these antioxidant genes, suggesting a beneficial effect on the mechanism of pulmonary oxidative stress whenever applied during the ischemia.

Asunto(s)

Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/métodos , Lactoperoxidasa/genética , Pulmón/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/genética , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Intestinos/irrigación sanguínea , Isquemia/metabolismo , Ratones , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfolípido Hidroperóxido Glutatión Peroxidasa

RESUMEN

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on the expression of the genes antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) and lactoperoxidase (Lpo) in the lung of mice subjected to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (IIR). Methods: Control group (CG) in which were subjected to anesthesia, laparotomy and observation for 120 minutes; an ischemia and reperfusion group (IRG) subjected to anesthesia, laparotomy, small bowel ischemia for 60 minutes and reperfusion for 60 minutes; and three groups treated with HBO during ischemia (HBOG + I), during reperfusion (HBOG + R) and during ischemia and reperfusion (HBOG + IR). Studied 84 genes of oxidative stress by the method (RT-qPCR). Genes with expression levels three times below or above the threshold cycle were considered significantly hypoexpressed or hyperexpressed, respectively (Students t-test p < 0.05). Results: Gpx4 and Lpo were hiperexpressed on IRG, showing a correlation with these genes with lung oxidative stress. Treated with HBO, there was a significant reduction on genic expression on HBOG+I. Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygenation showed to be associated with decreased expression of these antioxidant genes, suggesting a beneficial effect on the mechanism of pulmonary oxidative stress whenever applied during the ischemia.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Masculino , Adulto , Ratones , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/métodos , Expresión Génica , Glutatión Peroxidasa , Lactoperoxidasa , Daño por Reperfusión/inducido químicamente

RESUMEN

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on the expression of the genes antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) and lactoperoxidase (Lpo) in the lung of mice subjected to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (IIR). Methods: Control group (CG) in which were subjected to anesthesia, laparotomy and observation for 120 minutes; an ischemia and reperfusion group (IRG) subjected to anesthesia, laparotomy, small bowel ischemia for 60 minutes and reperfusion for 60 minutes; and three groups treated with HBO during ischemia (HBOG + I), during reperfusion (HBOG + R) and during ischemia and reperfusion (HBOG + IR). Studied 84 genes of oxidative stress by the method (RT-qPCR). Genes with expression levels three times below or above the threshold cycle were considered significantly hypoexpressed or hyperexpressed, respectively (Student's t-test p<0.05). Results: Gpx4 and Lpo were hiperexpressed on IRG, showing a correlation with these genes with lung oxidative stress. Treated with HBO, there was a significant reduction on genic expression on HBOG+I. Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygenation showed to be associated with decreased expression of these antioxidant genes, suggesting a beneficial effect on the mechanism of pulmonary oxidative stress whenever applied during the ischemia.

Asunto(s)

Animales , Ratas , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/genética , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/métodos , Lactoperoxidasa/genética , Pulmón/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Intestinos/irrigación sanguínea , Isquemia/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología

RESUMEN

Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis in the low- and middle-income countries. Our objective was to describe the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producer KP in neonatal care centers from Peru. We collected 176 non-duplicate consecutive KP isolates from blood isolates of neonates from eight general public hospitals of Lima, Peru. The overall rate of ESBL production was 73.3% (N = 129). The resistance rates were higher among ESBL-producer isolates when compared with the nonproducers: 85.3% versus 12.8% for gentamicin (P < 0.01), 59.7% versus 8.5% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (P < 0.01), 45.0% versus 8.5% for ciprofloxacin (P < 0.01), and 36.4% versus 12.8% for amikacin (P < 0.01). A total of 359 ß-lactamase-encoding genes were detected among 129 ESBL-producer isolates; 109 isolates (84.5%) carried two or more genes. Among 37 ESBL-producer isolates randomly selected, CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-2 were the most common ESBLs detected. Most of the isolates (92%) belonged to the group KpI. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that multiple KP clones were circulating among the eight neonatal units included.

Asunto(s)

Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Enfermedades del Recién Nacido/microbiología , Infecciones por Klebsiella/microbiología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Sepsis/microbiología , beta-Lactamasas/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica , Glucosa Oxidasa , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Enfermedades del Recién Nacido/epidemiología , Infecciones por Klebsiella/epidemiología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Lactoperoxidasa , Perú/epidemiología , Sepsis/epidemiología , beta-Lactamasas/genética

Asunto(s)

Animales , Bovinos , Compuestos de Anilina/metabolismo , Benzoquinonas , Lactoperoxidasa/metabolismo , Peroxidasas/metabolismo , Peróxidos/metabolismo , Bromo , Radicales Libres , Formaldehído/metabolismo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Técnicas In Vitro , Oxidación-Reducción , Quinonas/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Several groups, including ours, have reported that iodine exhibited antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in various cancer cells only if this element is supplemented as molecular iodine, or as iodide, to cells that are able to oxidize it with the enzyme thyroperoxidase. In this study, we analyzed the effect of various concentrations of iodine and/or iodide in the dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) mammary cancer model in rats. The results show that 0.1% iodine or iodide increases the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type γ (PPARγ), triggering caspase-mediated apoptosis pathways in damaged mammary tissue (DMBA-treated mammary gland) as well as in frank mammary tumors, but not in normal mammary gland. DMBA treatment induces the expression of lactoperoxidase, which participates in the antineoplastic effect of iodide and could be involved in the pro-neoplastic effect of estrogens, increasing the formation of DNA adducts. In conclusion, our results show that a supplement of 0.1% molecular iodine/potassium iodide (0.05/0.05%) exert antineoplastic effects, preventing estrogen-induced DNA adducts and inducing apoptosis through PPARγ/caspases in pre-cancer and cancerous cells. Since this iodine concentration does not modify the cytology (histology, apoptosis rate) or physiology (triiodothyronine and thyrotropin) of the thyroid gland, we propose that it be considered as an adjuvant treatment for premenopausal mammary cancer.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Aductos de ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Estrógenos/farmacología , Yodo/uso terapéutico , Lactoperoxidasa/metabolismo , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/prevención & control , Yoduro de Potasio/uso terapéutico , 9,10-Dimetil-1,2-benzantraceno/toxicidad , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Western Blotting , Carcinógenos/toxicidad , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/metabolismo , PPAR gamma/genética , PPAR gamma/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Glándula Tiroides/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

This study aimed to verify the pasteurization efficiency and the microbiological quality of milk sold in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The microbial quality of pasteurized milk samples was assessed by sample testing for the presence of Salmonella spp., coliforms at 35 degrees C, coliforms at 45 degrees C, and mesophilic bacterial counts. In addition, the pasteurization efficiency was verified through tests of neutral phosphatase and peroxidase enzymes. Salmonella spp. were not detected in any (100%) of the analyzed samples. However, 85 (70.8%) and 69 (57.5%) of the samples were noncompliant with current legal standards for coliforms at 35 degrees C and 45 degrees C, respectively. As for the aerobic mesophilic bacteria, 48 (40.0%) of the samples were noncompliant. From the 120 samples of pasteurized milk studied, 100% were negative for neutral phosphatase, whereas 12 (10.0%) were negative for peroxidase. Logistic regression indicated the absence of relationship between present lactoperoxidase and all the microbiological parameters studied, which suggested that the quality of pasteurized milk was associated with factors related to steps before or after heat treatment.

Asunto(s)

Bacterias Aerobias/aislamiento & purificación , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Leche/microbiología , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Bacterias Aerobias/enzimología , Brasil , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimología , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Manipulación de Alimentos/normas , Calor , Humanos , Lactoperoxidasa/metabolismo , Modelos Logísticos , Leche/normas , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Control de Calidad , Salmonella/enzimología

RESUMEN

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características físico-químicas do leite de cabra integral e pasteurizado comercializado no estado da Paraíba. O total de 24 amostras de leite de seis marcas produtoras foi coletado de estabelecimentos comerciais da cidade de João Pessoa (PB), em diferentes períodos. Entre as amostras de leite das seis marcas comerciais, as amostras de cinco marcas apresentaram-se fora dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação vigente. Não houve diferenças significativas apenas para as variáveis lactose e cinzas entre as marcas comerciais analisadas (P>0,05). Os parâmetros com maior variação foram lipídios (1,67 a 3,57%) e sólidos não gordurosos (7,61 a 10,01%). Adicionalmente, foi detectada a atividade da lactoperoxidase em apenas 66,66% das amostras analisadas, e somente três marcas apresentaram 100% das amostras de leite positivas para essa enzima. Por outro lado, as três demais marcas apresentaram 75, 25 e 0% de amostras positivas para lactoperoxidase. Há, portanto, necessidade de adequação do processamento do leite de cabra produzido no estado da Paraíba, principalmente no que se refere à pasteurização, para que o alimento atinja os padrões requeridos pela legislação. A maior homogeneidade do leite de cabra quanto às suas propriedades fisico-químicas é fundamental para garantir aceitabilidade do produto por uma classe consumidora cada vez mais exigente e promover a expansão da caprinocultura leiteira do estado da Paraíba.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the physic-chemical characteristics of integral and pasteurized goat milk marketed in Paraiba state, Brazil. Goat milk samples (n=24) from six diverse trade brands were obtained from commercial establishments located in João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil at different periods. Five milk brands presented milk samples which were not in accordance to the Brazilian legislation quality standards. All variables, except lactose and ashes (P>0.05), were significantly different among the analyzed trade marks. The parameters with highest variation were fat (1.67 to 3.57%) and non-fat solids (7.61 to 10.01%). Lactoperoxidase activity was adequate in 66.66% of analyzed samples only; and three commercial milk brands only showed 100% of positive samples for this enzyme. On the other hand, the other three brands showed positive enzyme activity in 25%, 0%, and 75% of analyzed samples, respectively. Therefore, the goat milk processing in Paraiba must be adjusted, focusing mainly to pasteurisation procedure, so that the standards recommended by legislation were attained. The most homogeneity of goat milk produced in Paraiba concerning its physic-chemical properties is crucial to increase the acceptability of this product by consumers, who are more and more demanding, and for promoting the goat milk production expanding in the Paraiba state.

Asunto(s)

Fenómenos Químicos , Cabras , Lactoperoxidasa , Leche , Calidad de los Alimentos

RESUMEN

Inositol phosphoglycan-like compounds are produced by the hydrolysis of the membrane bound glycosyl phosphoinositides. Besides being short term mediators of insulin action, they inhibit peroxidases and catalase, increasing the concentration of cellular hydrogen peroxide. Although high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide are toxic, moderate increases of its basal level are signals for different metabolic pathways. The inhibitor, localized in the cytosol of the cell, acts on peroxidases and catalase of the same tissue (homologous action) and of other tissues or organisms (heterologous action). The inositol phosphoglycan-like compound inhibits peroxidases with different prosthetic groups, i.e. containing iron such as: thyroid peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, horseradish peroxidase, soy bean peroxidase; and containing selenium such as glutathione peroxidase and 2-cys peroxiredoxin with no prosthetic group. Besides peroxidases, the inositol phosphoglycan-like compound inhibits catalase, another heme enzyme. The inhibition kinetics demonstrates a noncompetitive effect. The site of action is not the prosthetic group, given that the inhibitor does not produce any effect on the peak in the Soret region in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, the inositol phosphoglycan-like compound is the general inhibitor of peroxidases and catalase involved in the modulation of hydrogen peroxide level that acts in different metabolic pathways as a signal transducer.

Asunto(s)

Catalasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Fosfatos de Inositol/farmacología , Peroxidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Animales , Bovinos , Células Cultivadas , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Peroxidasa de Rábano Silvestre/antagonistas & inhibidores , Yoduro Peroxidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Lactoperoxidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas de Soja/antagonistas & inhibidores , Glycine max/enzimología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of oral moisturizing gel (Oral Balance) in xerostomic patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). METHOD AND MATERIALS: Twenty-one xerostomic patients with primary SS were subjected to a single-blind trial in which the efficacy of Oral Balance gel in reducing xerostomia and xerostomia-related oral symptoms was compared with that of a placebo. Both gels were packaged identically and were indiscernible in appearance and taste. Xerostomia was confirmed for all the patients through measurement of stimulated whole saliva. Patients began using the Oral Balance gel three times a day for 90 days, and were then switched to a gel placebo to be used in the same way for the same length of time. Clinical response was evaluated through the patients' subjective assessment (improved, worsened, or unaltered) of both gels. RESULTS: Neither the Oral Balance gel nor the gel placebo affected the salivary output of the patients. The Oral Balance gel presented a substantial statistically significant advantage in the control of burning mouth, mastication, and swallowing. No statistically significant relief of the isolated sensation of oral dryness was established. CONCLUSION: Oral Balance is a useful tool in the management of dryness-related oral symptoms in primary SS, but there is room for enhancing the overall properties of topical preparations designed to reduce oral complaints in xerostomic patients.

Asunto(s)

Saliva Artificial/uso terapéutico , Síndrome de Sjögren/complicaciones , Xerostomía/prevención & control , Adulto , Anciano , Síndrome de Boca Ardiente/prevención & control , Deglución/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactoperoxidasa/uso terapéutico , Masticación/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Placebos , Polímeros/uso terapéutico , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos/uso terapéutico , Saliva/metabolismo , Tasa de Secreción/fisiología , Método Simple Ciego , Resultado del Tratamiento , Xerostomía/fisiopatología

RESUMEN

La investigación se realizó en el Centro de Acopio Lechero del sector Mune Alto, comuna de Pitrufquén, IX región, Chile. Los objetivos de éste estudio fueron evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de un activador del Sistema Lactoperoxidasa compuesto por 700 tiocin de sodio y 1,7 grs de percarbonato de sodio. (Sistema LP), sobre el crecimiento bacteriano en leche entregada por los pequeños productores asociados al Centro de Acopio y mantenida a temperaturas ambientales durante la época de verano por 12 y 15 horas; evaluar la reactivación del sistema lactoperoxidasa luego de 8 horas y evaluar el activador del sistema lactoperoxidasa, bajo las condiciones de calidad higiénica exigidas por la industria lechera en Chile. Para evaluar el efecto del activador del Sistema LP, se seleccionaron al azar dos tarros de leche fresca recién ordeñadas de 50 litros cada uno. Una vez homogenizado su contenido, esta mezcla se dividió nuevamente en dos tarros de 50 litros, que conformaron la leche cruda (LC), sin aplicación del activador y la leche tratada (LT), con aplicación del activador, procedimiento que se repitió en nueve oportunidades. Para evaluar el efecto de la reactivación del Sistema LP, se utilizó el mismo procedimiento anterior, homogenizando la leche de tres tarros, conformando la LC, sin aplicación del activador; la LT1, con aplicación del activador; y la LT2, con aplicación del activador y una segunda dosis de percarbonato de sodio a las 8 horas de almacenamiento. De todos los tarros de leche se obtuvieron muestras, a los distintos tiempos determinados para el estudio, Las cuales fueron sometidas a análisis de recuentos bacterianos, presencia de inhibidores y peróxidos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas (P<0,05) en el incremento de recuentos bacterianos entre la LC y LT al cabo de 12 horas de almacenamiento de la leche fresca a temperatura ambiente. La reactivación del Sistema LP, no muestra diferencias estadísticas significativas en el desarrollo de las cargas bacterianas entre el LT1 y LT2 (P>0,05) a las 15 horas de almacenamiento de la leche fresca a temperatura ambiente, pero sí entre estos dos y el LC (P>0,05)

Asunto(s)

Conservación de Alimentos , Calidad de los Alimentos , Lactoperoxidasa , Leche , Chile , Microbiología