RESUMEN
Probiotics serve a very important role in human health. However, probiotics have poor stability during processing, storage, and gastrointestinal digestion. The gellan gum (GG) is less susceptible to enzymatic degradation and resistant to thermal and acidic environments. This study investigated the effect of casein (CS)-GG emulsions to encapsulate Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CICC 6002 (L. plantarum CICC 6002) on its storage stability, thermal stability, and gastrointestinal digestion. L. plantarum CICC 6002 was suspended in palm oil and emulsions were prepared using CS or CS-GG complexes. We found the CS-GG emulsions improved the viability of L. plantarum CICC 6002 after storage, pasteurization, and digestion compared to the CS emulsions. In addition, we investigated the influence of the gellan gum concentration on emulsion stability, and the optimal stability was observed in the emulsion prepared by CS-0.8% GG complex. This study provided a new strategy for the protection of probiotics based on CS-GG delivery system.
Asunto(s)
Caseínas , Emulsiones , Lactobacillus plantarum , Polisacáridos Bacterianos , Probióticos , Emulsiones/química , Probióticos/química , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/química , Caseínas/química , Humanos , Lactobacillus plantarum/química , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Pasteurización , Tracto Gastrointestinal/microbiología , Tracto Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Viabilidad Microbiana/efectos de los fármacos , Composición de Medicamentos , Digestión , Almacenamiento de AlimentosRESUMEN
ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) is responsible for the excretion of foreign substances, such as uric acid (UA) and indoxyl sulfate (IS), from the body. Given the importance of increased ABCG2 expression in UA excretion, we investigated the enhancement of intestinal ABCG2 expression using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 06CC2 (LP06CC2). Mice were reared on a potassium oxonate-induced high-purine model at doses of 0.02% or 0.1% LP06CC2 for three weeks. Results showed that LP06CC2 feeding resulted in increased ABCG2 expression in the small intestine. The expression level of large intestinal ABCG2 also showed a tendency to increase, suggesting upregulation of the intestinal excretion transporter ABCG2 by LP06CC2. Overall, LP06CC2 treatment increased fecal UA excretion and showed a trend towards increased fecal excretion of IS, suggesting that LP06CC2 treatment enhanced the expression of intestinal ABCG2, thereby promoting the excretion of UA and other substances from the intestinal tract.
Asunto(s)
Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP, Subfamilia G, Miembro 2 , Ácido Úrico , Animales , Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP, Subfamilia G, Miembro 2/metabolismo , Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP, Subfamilia G, Miembro 2/genética , Ácido Úrico/metabolismo , Ácido Úrico/orina , Ratones , Masculino , Heces/química , Heces/microbiología , Probióticos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Lactobacillaceae/metabolismo , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Intestinos/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Skin ageing is influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, with excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure being a significant contributor. Such exposure can lead to moisture loss, sagging, increased wrinkling, and decreased skin elasticity. Prolonged UV exposure negatively impacts the extracellular matrix by reducing collagen, hyaluronic acid, and aquaporin 3 (AQP-3) levels. Fermentation, which involves microorganisms, can produce and transform beneficial substances for human health. Natural product fermentation using lactic acid bacteria have demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, whitening, and anti-wrinkle properties. Snowberry, traditionally used as an antiemetic, purgative, and anti-inflammatory agent, is now also used as an immune stimulant and for treating digestive disorders and colds. However, research on the skin benefits of Fermented Snowberry Extracts remains limited. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the skin benefits of snowberry by investigating its moisturising and anti-wrinkle effects, comparing extracts from different parts of the snowberry plant with those subjected to fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum. Chlorophyll-free extracts were prepared from various parts of the snowberry plant, and ferments were created using Lactobacillus plantarum. The extracts and ferments were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine and compare their chemical compositions. Moisturising and anti-ageing tests were conducted to assess the efficacy of the extracts and ferments on the skin. The gallic acid content remained unchanged across all parts of the snowberry before and after fermentation. However, Fermented Snowberry Leaf Extracts exhibited a slight decrease in chlorogenic acid content but a significant increase in ferulic acid content. The Fermented Snowberry Fruit Extract demonstrated increased chlorogenic acid and a notable rise in ferulic acid compared to its non-fermented counterpart. Skin efficacy tests revealed that Fermented Snowberry Leaf and Fruit Extracts enhanced the expression of AQP-3, HAS-3, and COL1A1. These extracts exhibited distinct phenolic component profiles, indicating potential skin benefits such as improved moisture retention and protection against ageing. These findings suggest that Fermented Snowberry Extracts could be developed into effective skincare products, providing a natural alternative for enhancing skin hydration and reducing signs of ageing.
Asunto(s)
Fermentación , Extractos Vegetales , Envejecimiento de la Piel , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Piel/metabolismo , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Dermatológicos/farmacología , Animales , Frutas/química , Frutas/metabolismo , Ácidos Cumáricos/análisisRESUMEN
The antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxicity activity of cell-free supernatants (CFSs) from probiotics, including Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae against multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli evaluated in current research. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the CFSs were determined by analyzing inhibition zone formation using agar disk diffusion for antibacterial activity, microtiter plate for biofilm analysis, and auto-aggregation were done. CFSs substances were analyzed by GC-MS. The MTT assay on HEK293 cells investigated CFS's influence on cell viability. CFSs were examined for biofilm-related virulence genes, including aggR and fimH using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). All CFSs had bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects. The B. bifidum exhibited the highest antibiofilm activity compared to the others. Bifidobacterium bifidum, L. plantarum, and S. cerevisiae produce 19, 16, and 11 mm inhibition zones against E. coli, respectively. GC-MS indicated that Hydroxyacetone, 3-Hydroxybutyric acid, and Oxime-methoxy-phenyl-dominated CFSs from L. plantarum, B. bifidum, and S. cerevisiae CFSs, respectively. The MTT test demonstrated a cell viability rate of over 90%. Statistically, adding all CFSs lowered the relative expression of both aggR and fimH virulence genes.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Biopelículas , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Escherichia coli , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Probióticos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Probióticos/farmacología , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efectos de los fármacos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Humanos , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum/genética , Células HEK293 , Bifidobacterium bifidum , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Lactobacillales/metabolismo , Lactobacillales/genéticaRESUMEN
Apple pomace, an abundant agricultural by-product with low utilization rates, often leads to environmental pollution if not properly managed. This study aimed to enhance the nutritional value of apple pomace by comparing the effects of solid-state fermentation using complex probiotics and cellulase preparation. Additionally, the study investigated the dynamic changes in various components throughout the fermentation process with complex probiotics. The results of single-strain solid-state fermentation tests indicated that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DPH, Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC9, and Bacillus subtilis C9 were the optimal strains for fermenting the most effective substrate combination, comprising 73 % apple pomace and 20 % millet bran. The strains (complex probiotics) and a cellulase preparation were used for the solid-state fermentation of the apple pomace mixture for nine days, respectively. The contents of acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose, and insoluble dietary fiber decreased by up to 9.99 %, 9.59 %, 23.21 %, and 14.34 %, respectively. In contrast, the content of soluble dietary fiber significantly increased by up to 29.74 %. Both methods reduced cellulose crystallinity and modified the substrate's surface structure, resulting in a looser arrangement. Fermentation with complex probiotics for three or six days increased the abundance of lactic acid bacteria, which comprised >87 % of the total microbial population. Concurrently, the abundance of detrimental bacteria, such as Salmonella, Acetobacter, Escherichia, and Pantoea, significantly decreased. Furthermore, fermentation with complex probiotics for six or nine days enhanced antioxidant properties, leading to a significant increase in beneficial metabolites, including amino acids, organic acids, gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin. In conclusion, complex probiotics can effectively substitute for cellulase preparation in the solid-state fermentation of apple pomace, with a six-day fermentation period yielding optimal results. This study provides valuable insights into enhancing the value of apple pomace in the feed industry and the effective application of agro-industrial by-products.
Asunto(s)
Celulasa , Fermentación , Malus , Probióticos , Malus/microbiología , Probióticos/metabolismo , Celulasa/metabolismo , Fibras de la Dieta/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Valor Nutritivo , Bacillus subtilis/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Microbiología de AlimentosRESUMEN
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of rye silage treated with sodium formate (Na-Fa) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants on the ruminal fermentation characteristics, methane yield and energy balance in Hanwoo steers. Forage rye was harvested in May 2019 and ensiled without additives (control) or with either a LAB inoculant or Na-Fa. The LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum) were inoculated at 1.5 × 1010 CFU/g fresh matter, and the inoculant was sprayed onto the forage rye during wrapping at a rate of 4 L/ton of fresh rye forage. Sixteen percent of the Na-Fa solution was sprayed at a rate of approximately 6.6 L/ton. Hanwoo steers (body weight 275 ± 8.4 kg (n = 3, group 1); average body weight 360 ± 32.1 kg (n = 3, group 2)) were allocated into two pens equipped with individual feeding gates and used in duplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. The experimental diet was fed twice daily (09:00 and 18:00) during the experimental period. Each period comprised 10 days for adaptation to the pen and 9 days for measurements in a direct respiratory chamber. The body weights of the steers were measured at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Feces and urine were collected for 5 days after 1 day of adaptation to the chamber, methane production was measured for 2 days, and ruminal fluid was collected on the final day. In the LAB group, the ratio of acetic acid in the rumen fluid was significantly lower (p = 0.044) and the ratio of propionic acid in the rumen fluid was significantly higher (p = 0.017). Methane production per DDMI of the Na-FA treatment group was lower than that of the other groups (p = 0.052), and methane production per DNDFI of the LAB treatment group was higher than that of the other groups (p = 0.056). The use of an acid-based additive in silage production has a positive effect on net energy and has the potential to reduce enteric methane emissions in ruminants.
Asunto(s)
Metabolismo Energético , Fermentación , Formiatos , Metano , Rumen , Secale , Ensilaje , Animales , Bovinos , Metano/biosíntesis , Metano/metabolismo , Ensilaje/análisis , Ensilaje/microbiología , Formiatos/farmacología , Formiatos/metabolismo , Rumen/microbiología , Rumen/metabolismo , Masculino , Fermentación/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo Energético/fisiología , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal/análisisRESUMEN
Many bacteria perform extracellular electron transfer (EET), whereby electrons are transferred from the cell to an extracellular terminal electron acceptor. This electron acceptor can be an electrode and electrons can be delivered indirectly via a redox-active mediator molecule. Here, we present a protocol to study mediated EET in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, a probiotic lactic acid bacterium widely used in the food industry, using a bioelectrochemical system. We detail how to assemble a three-electrode, two-chambered bioelectrochemical system and provide guidance on characterizing EET in the presence of a soluble mediator using chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry techniques. We use representative data from 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA)-mediated EET experiments with L. plantarum to demonstrate data analysis and interpretation. The techniques described in this protocol can open new opportunities for electro-fermentation and bioelectrocatalysis. Recent applications of this electrochemical technique with L. plantarum demonstrated an acceleration of metabolic flux towards producing fermentation end-products, which are critical flavor components in food fermentation. As such, this system has the potential to be further developed to alter flavors in food production or produce valuable chemicals.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas Electroquímicas , Electrodos , Transporte de Electrón , Técnicas Electroquímicas/métodos , Técnicas Electroquímicas/instrumentación , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismoRESUMEN
Amid the growing concern for health-oriented food choices, salt reduction has received widespread attention, particularly in the exploitation of salt alternatives. Peptides with a saltiness-enhancing effect may provide an alternative method for salt reduction. The objective of this study was to isolate and extract novel peptides with salt-reducing effects by fermenting goose blood using a Lactobacillus plantarum strain. Five potential target peptides were screened by a virtual database prediction and molecular docking. Sensory evaluation and E-tongue analysis showed that five peptides (NEALQRM, GDAVKNLD, HAYNLRVD, PEMHAAFDK, and AEEKQLITGL) were identified as target peptides. Particularly, the results of E-tongue showed that GDAVKNLD can increase the saltiness intensity (2.87 ± 0.02) in the complex system. The sensory evaluation results also indicated an increase in saltiness intensity (46.67 ± 4.67 mmol/L NaCl) after adding GDAVKNLD. The results of molecular dynamics simulation indicated that five peptides have good ability to bind tightly to TMC4 receptor, thereby stimulating it to exert an active effect. And these peptides interacted with the TMC4 receptor via hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interactions. This research lays a theoretical foundation for discovering novel salty/saltiness-enhancing peptides and provides meaningful contributions to efforts in salt reduction.
Asunto(s)
Gansos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Péptidos , Gusto , Animales , Humanos , Péptidos/química , Péptidos/metabolismo , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Cloruro de Sodio/química , Cloruro de Sodio/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum/química , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Adulto Joven , Unión ProteicaRESUMEN
Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) isolated through co-fermented bran from probiotics may improve starch gel-based foods. This work aimed to elucidate the comprehensive impact of different IDF samples (CK, unfermented; NF, natively fermented; YF, yeast fermented; LF, Lactobacillus plantarum fermented; and MF, mix-fermented) and their addition ratios (0.3-0.9%) on gel structure-property function. Results indicated that IDF introduction altered the starch pasting behavior (decreased the viscosity and advanced the pasting time). Also, YF, LF, and MF showed less effect on gel multiscale morphology (SEM and CLSM); however, their excessively high ratio resulted in network structure deterioration. Moreover, FT-IR, XRD, and Raman characterization identified the composite gels interaction mechanisms mainly by hydrogen bonding forces, van der Waals forces, water competition, and physical entanglement. This modulation improved the composite gel water distribution, rheological/stress-strain behavior, textural properties, color, stability, and digestive characteristics. The obtained findings may shed light on the construction and development of whole-grain gel-based food products with new perspectives.
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Fibras de la Dieta , Fermentación , Geles , Reología , Almidón , Almidón/química , Almidón/metabolismo , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Fibras de la Dieta/metabolismo , Geles/química , Viscosidad , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum/química , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Lactiplantibacillus (Lb.) plantarum is known as a benign bacterium found in various habitats, including the intestines of animals and fermented foods. Since animal intestines lack oxygen, while fermented foods provide a limited or more oxygen environment, this study aimed to investigate whether there were genetic differences in the growth of Lb. plantarum under aerobic vs. anaerobic conditions. Genomic analysis of Lb. plantarum obtained from five sources-animals, dairy products, fermented meat, fermented vegetables, and humans-was conducted. The analysis included not only an examination of oxygen-utilizing genes but also a comparative pan-genomic analysis to investigate evolutionary relationships between genomes. The ancestral gene analysis of the evolutionary pathway classified Lb. plantarum into groups A and B, with group A further subdivided into A1 and A2. It was confirmed that group A1 does not possess the narGHIJ operon, which is necessary for energy production under limited oxygen conditions. Additionally, it was found that group A1 has experienced more gene acquisition and loss compared to groups A2 and B. Despite an initial assumption that there would be genetic distinctions based on the origin (aerobic or anaerobic conditions), it was observed that such differentiation could not be attributed to the origin. However, the evolutionary process indicated that the loss of genes related to nitrate metabolism was essential in anaerobic or limited oxygen conditions, contrary to the initial hypothesis.
Asunto(s)
Evolución Molecular , Oxígeno , Oxígeno/metabolismo , Filogenia , Lactobacillus plantarum/genética , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Genoma Bacteriano , Anaerobiosis , Animales , HumanosRESUMEN
Quorum sensing (QS) can regulate the production of multiple functional factors in bacteria, but the process of identifying its regulatory targets is very complex and labor-intensive. In this study, an efficient and rapid method to find QS targets through prediction was used. The genome of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) L3 was sequenced and characterized, and then linked the L. plantarum L3 genome to the STRING database for QS system regulatory target prediction. A total of 3,167,484 base pairs (bps) were examined from the genome of L. plantarum L3, and 30 QS-related genes were discovered (including luxS). The STRING database prediction indicated that the 30 QS-related genes are mainly involved in the regulation of nine metabolic pathways. Furthermore, metE, metK, aroB, cysE, and birA1 were predicted to be regulatory targets of the LuxS/AI-2 QS system, and these five targets were validated based on quantitative real-time PCR and content determination. Successful elucidation of the LuxS/AI-2 QS system's key targets and regulation mechanism in L. plantarum L3 demonstrated the effectiveness of the new approach for predicting QS targets and provides a scientific basis for future work on improving regulation of functional factor production.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas , Biopelículas , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica , Lisina , Percepción de Quorum , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Lisina/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum/genética , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum/fisiología , Genoma Bacteriano , Liasas de Carbono-AzufreRESUMEN
Characterizing probiotic features of organisms isolated from diverse environments can lead to the discovery of novel strains with promising functional features and health attributes. The present study attempts to characterize a novel probiotic strain isolated from the gut of the tribal population of Odisha, India. Based on 16S rRNA-based phylogeny, the strain was identified as a species of the Lactiplantibacillus genus and was named Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain ILSF15. The current investigation focuses on elucidating this strain's genetic and physiological properties associated with probiotic attributes such as biosafety risk, host adaptation/survival traits, and beneficial functional features. The novel strain was observed, in vitro, exhibiting features such as acid/bile tolerance, adhesion to the host enteric epithelial cells, cholesterol assimilation, and pathogen exclusion, indicating its ability to survive the harsh environment of the human GIT and resist the growth of harmful microorganisms. Additionally, the L. plantarum ILSF15 strain was found to harbor genes associated with the metabolism and synthesis of various bioactive molecules, including amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and vitamins, highlighting the organism's ability to efficiently utilize diverse resources and contribute to the host's nutrition and health. Several genes involved in host adaptation/survival strategies and host-microbe interactions were also identified from the ILSF15 genome. Moreover, L. plantarum strains, in general, were found to have an open pangenome characterized by high genetic diversity and the absence of specific lineages associated with particular habitats, signifying its versatile nature and potential applications in probiotic and functional food industries.
Asunto(s)
Filogenia , Probióticos , ARN Ribosómico 16S , India , Humanos , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Genoma Bacteriano , Lactobacillus plantarum/genética , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum/aislamiento & purificación , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Lactobacillaceae/genética , Lactobacillaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Lactobacillaceae/clasificación , Genómica/métodosRESUMEN
Microbial interactions during the fermentation process influence the sensory characteristics of wines. Alongside alcoholic fermentation, malolactic fermentation also plays a crucial role in determining the aromatic traits of wines. The time (t), rate (m) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of malolactic fermentation are linked to the interaction between yeasts and lactic acid bacteria. The study investigated the interactions between Lactiplantibacillus plantarum or Oenococcus oeni with Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using the Technological Affinity Index (TAIndex). The co-inoculation of L. plantarum/S. cerevisiae resulted in a higher TAIndex than the co-inoculation of O. oeni/S. cerevisiae conditions. A low TAIndex led to increased aromaticity of the wines. The time and rate of malolactic fermentation have a strong impact on the synthesis of VOCs with a high olfactory impact. Therefore, knowledge of the TAIndex could play a decisive role in improving winemaking planning to produce wines with higher fruit and floral perceptions.
Asunto(s)
Fermentación , Odorantes , Oenococcus , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles , Vino , Vino/análisis , Vino/microbiología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/química , Odorantes/análisis , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/metabolismo , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/química , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , Oenococcus/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Frutas/microbiología , Frutas/metabolismo , Lactobacillales/metabolismo , Vitis/microbiología , Vitis/química , Vitis/metabolismo , Humanos , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Colorectal cancer progression involves complex cellular mechanisms. This study examines the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum-derived extracellular vesicles (LEVs) on the SIRT5/p53 axis, focusing on glycolytic metabolic reprogramming and abnormal proliferation in intestinal epithelial cells. METHODS: LEVs were isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum and incubated with Caco-2 cells. Differential gene expression was analyzed through RNA sequencing and compared with TCGA-COAD data. Key target genes and pathways were identified using PPI network and pathway enrichment analysis. Various assays, including RT-qPCR, EdU staining, colony formation, flow cytometry, and Western blotting, were used to assess gene expression, cell proliferation, and metabolic changes. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction between SIRT5 and p53, and animal models were employed to validate in vivo effects. RESULTS: Bioinformatics analysis indicated the SIRT5/p53 axis as a critical pathway in LEVs' modulation of colorectal cancer. LEVs were found to inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation and glycolytic metabolism by downregulating SIRT5, influencing p53 desuccinylation. In vivo, LEVs regulated this axis, reducing tumor formation in mice. Clinical sample analysis showed that SIRT5 and p53 succinylation levels correlated with patient prognosis. CONCLUSION: Lactobacillus-derived extracellular vesicles play a pivotal role in suppressing colonic tumor formation by modulating the SIRT5/p53 axis. This results in decreased glycolytic metabolic reprogramming and reduced proliferation in intestinal epithelial cells.
Asunto(s)
Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Vesículas Extracelulares , Glucólisis , Sirtuinas , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor , Sirtuinas/metabolismo , Sirtuinas/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Humanos , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Animales , Células CACO-2 , Ratones , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Ratones Desnudos , Ratones Endogámicos BALB CRESUMEN
Tannin, which is an astringent taste in the mouth, is a polyphenol compound contained in some plants. Tannin causes denaturation of proteins of the tongue or oral mucosa. Tannase, a hydrolase that cleaves carboxylic ester bonds specifically, is used in many industrial fields. Some tannase (tannin acyl hydrolase, EC3.1.1.20) is used widely to prevent or reduce creaming of some foods and beverages. Because some tannins are formed of insoluble salts combined with protein, they reduce creaming such as the white hazing of iced tea. Moreover, they can clarify beverages such as fruit juices during wine and beer production. Tannase is produced by microorganisms under conditions with tannic acid present, mainly from plants. Tannase characteristics differ according to its microorganism of origin. Therefore, it is important to study the microbes used as lactic acid bacteria (LAB), evaluate new methods of tannase assay, and apply them in food or other industries. In this chapter, assay of tannase in LAB is demonstrated using methyl gallate as substrate, with color development by rhodanine and potassium hydroxide solution, using a spectrophotometer. Actual data of high tannase-producing LAB, Lactobacillus plantarum, and enzyme characteristics in optimum conditions are presented in this chapter.
Asunto(s)
Hidrolasas de Éster Carboxílico , Lactobacillus plantarum , Hidrolasas de Éster Carboxílico/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum/enzimología , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Pruebas de Enzimas/métodos , Taninos/metabolismo , Taninos/químicaRESUMEN
The study aimed to isolate and characterize lactic acid bacteria from various traditional fermented fish products from North East India, including Xindol, Hentak, and Ngari, which hold significant dietary importance for the indigenous tribes. Additionally, the study sought to examine their untargeted metabolomic profiles. A total of 43 strains of Bacillus, Priestia, Staphylococcus, Pediococcus, and Lactiplantibacillus were isolated, characterized by 16 S rRNA gene and tested for probiotic properties. Five strains passed pH and bile salt tests with strain dependent antimicrobial activity, which exhibited moderate autoaggregation and hydrophobicity properties. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MKTJ24 exhibited the highest hydrophobicity (42 %), which was further confirmed by adhesion assay in HT-29 cell lines (100 %). Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MKTJ24 treatment in LPS-stimulated HT-29 cells up-regulated expression of mucin genes compared to LPS-treated cells. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MKTJ24 decreased LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) productions. Further, genome analysis of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MKTJ24 revealed the presence of several probiotic markers and immunomodulatory genes. The genome was found to harbor plantaricin operon involved in bacteriocin production. A pangenome analysis using all the publicly available L. plantarum genomes specifically isolated from fermented fish products identified 120 unique genes in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MKTJ24. Metabolomic analysis indicated dominance of ascorbic acids, pentafluropropionate, cyclopropaneacetic acid, florobenzylamine, and furanone in Xindol. This study suggests that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MKTJ24 has potential probiotic and immunomodulatory properties that could be used in processing traditional fermented fish products on an industrial scale to improve their quality and enhance functional properties.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios , Probióticos , Probióticos/farmacología , Animales , Ratones , Humanos , Células HT29 , India , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Productos Pesqueros/microbiología , Células RAW 264.7 , Peces/microbiología , Peces/metabolismo , Alimentos Fermentados/microbiología , Fermentación , Lactobacillus plantarum/aislamiento & purificación , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismoRESUMEN
The molecular chaperone GroEL, commonly found in various bacterial species, exhibits heightened expression levels in response to high temperatures and increased levels of oxygen free radicals. Limited literature currently exists on the probiotic role of GroEL in invertebrates. This study sought to explore how the surface protein GroEL from Lactobacillus plantarum Ep-M17 impacts the intestinal barrier function of Penaeus vannamei. Through pull-down and immunofluorescence assays, the interaction between GroEL and Act1 in the gastrointestinal tract of P. vannamei was confirmed. Results from bacterial binding assays demonstrated that rGroEL can bind to pathogens like Vibrio parahaemolyticus E1 (V. p-E1). In vitro experiments revealed that the administration of rGroEL significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines induced by pathogens while preserving the integrity of tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells and reducing bacteria-induced apoptosis. Additionally, rGroEL notably lessened the intestinal loading of V. p-E1 in P. vannamei, downregulated immune-related gene expression, and upregulated BCL/BAX expression in the intestines following V. p-E1 challenge. Mechanistic investigations further showed that rGroEL treatment effectively suppressed the expression and phosphorylation of proteins involved in the NF-κB and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling pathways in the intestines of bacteria-infected P. vannamei. Furthermore, GroEL reinforces protection against bacterial infections by enhancing the phagocytic and anti-apoptotic capabilities of P. vannamei hemocytes. These results suggest that GroEL may impede the interaction between pathogens and the intestinal mucosa through its competitive binding characteristics, ultimately reducing bacterial infections.
Asunto(s)
Chaperonina 60 , Mucosa Intestinal , Penaeidae , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , Animales , Chaperonina 60/metabolismo , Penaeidae/microbiología , Penaeidae/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Intestinos/microbiología , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Lactobacillales/metabolismoRESUMEN
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-largest cancer worldwide. Lactobacillus can regulate the intestinal barrier and gut microbiota. However, the mechanisms of Lactobacillus that alleviate CRC remained unknown. This study aimed to explore the regulatory effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on CRC and its potential mechanism. CCFM8661 treatment significantly ameliorated CRC compared with phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) treatment in ApcMin/+ mice. In addition, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was proved to be the key metabolite for CCFM8661 in ameliorating CRC by molecular biology techniques. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) was proved to be the key receptor in ameliorating CRC by inhibitor intervention experiments. Moreover, supplementation with CCFM8661 ameliorated CRC by producing CLA to inhibit NF-κB pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines, up-regulate ZO-1, Claudin-1, and MUC2, and promote tumor cell apoptosis in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner. Metagenomic analysis showed that CCFM8661 treatment significantly increased Odoribacter splanchnicus, which could ameliorate CRC by repairing the intestinal barrier. Clinical results showed that intestinal CLA, butyric acid, PPAR-γ, and Lactobacillus were significantly decreased in CRC patients, and these indicators were significantly negatively correlated with CRC. CCFM8661 alleviated CRC by ameliorating the intestinal barrier through the CLA-PPAR-γ axis. These results will promote the development of dietary probiotic supplements for CRC.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Mucosa Intestinal , Lactobacillus plantarum , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , PPAR gamma , Probióticos , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , PPAR gamma/metabolismo , PPAR gamma/genética , Animales , Ratones , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Humanos , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Probióticos/farmacología , Masculino , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados/farmacología , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Femenino , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/genética , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Claudina-1/metabolismo , Claudina-1/genética , Proteína de la Zonula Occludens-1/metabolismo , Proteína de la Zonula Occludens-1/genéticaRESUMEN
Fishy odor of fish flesh (meat) presents a severe problem for marine production. The main cause of fishy odor is trimethylamine (TMA), which increases during storage. It is produced from trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), an osmosis-regulating substance in fish cells that functions by a reduction reaction. Bacterial growth in fish meat increases TMA. Its odor reduces the commercial value of the meat. Technologies for its regulation and elimination are desired. This chapter presents a description of the use of lactic acid to eliminate TMA. The lactic acid is producible safely by bacteria during food processing using picric acid-toluene.A method of eliminating TMA was demonstrated using Lactobacillus plantarum H78. Furthermore, an assay method was explained for reducing TMA in fish meat by fermenting the H78 strain.
Asunto(s)
Explotaciones Pesqueras , Metilaminas , Metilaminas/metabolismo , Animales , Odorantes/análisis , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fermentación , Microbiología de Alimentos , Lactobacillales/metabolismo , Lactobacillales/crecimiento & desarrollo , Peces/microbiología , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Alimentos Marinos/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Milk, on account of its abundant protein content, is recognized as a vital source of bioactive substances. In this study, the bioactive ingredients in milk were obtained by a combination of protease hydrolysis and fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum. The compositions of protease hydrolysate (PM) and fermentation supernatant (FM) were determined, and their anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial activities were evaluated. Using LC-MS/MS, the molecular weights and sequences of the peptides were characterized, among which a total of 25 bioactive peptides were identified. The DPPH radical scavenging results demonstrated that FM exhibited an enhanced anti-oxidant capacity compared to PM. The bacterial survival rate results revealed that FM had a remarkable anti-bacterial ability compared to PM. Additionally, the anti-bacterial component and potential anti-bacterial mechanisms were determined. The results of cytoplasmic membrane depolarization, cell membrane permeability, and morphological observation indicated that FM could interact with bacterial membranes to achieve its anti-bacterial effect. These findings suggested that FM, as a bioactive substance of natural origin, holds potential applications in the functional food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.