RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Dermoscopy is a complementary examination of skin lesions, which allows the observation of anatomical features invisible to the naked eye. Its use increases the diagnostic accuracy of skin tumors. The development of polarized dermoscopy allowed the observation of deeper skin structures, without the need of skin contact. The purpose of this study was to present a low-cost prototype through the adaptation of polarized lenses on a slit lamp in order to assess anatomical aspects invisible to conventional biomicroscopy in eyelid lesions. METHODS: Twenty two eyelid lesions were documented using a prototype, compound of two polarizing filters, orthogonal to each other, adapted to a slit lamp with an integrated digital camera. Images of the eyelid lesions were also obtained with non-polarized biomicroscopy and with a portable dermatoscope, and were compared regarding anatomical aspects. RESULTS: Anatomical structures imperceptible to conventional ophthalmic examination were evidenced using the polarized lenses, demonstrating that this tool can be useful to the ophthalmologist when assessing eyelid lesions. We have obtained high-quality images of the lesions. The slit lamp provided higher magnification, better focus control and easier assessment of eyelid lesions than the portable dermatoscope. CONCLUSION: Ophthalmologists already use the slit lamp in their practice. The adaptation of polarized lenses to this device is a cost-effective, fast and non-invasive method that permits to improve the diagnostic accuracy of eyelid lesions, evidencing anatomical structures imperceptible to conventional ophthalmic examination.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Cutáneas , Lámpara de Hendidura , Humanos , Dermoscopía , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Párpados/patologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Chlorpromazine is a medication widely used in psychiatry for the treatment of psychoses, especially schizophrenia. Since 1964, published articles have been correlating this medication with the appearance of ocular alterations. In this paper, we report the case of a 65-year-old patient with ocular effects due to long-term therapy with chlorpromazine. Biomicroscopy of both eyes presented diffuse granular brown deposits, most prominent at the deep stroma and corneal endothelium level. Also showed anterior subcapsular brown deposits with a stellate pattern in the lens. The total amount exceeds 2.000g (significant for the ocular alterations described) considering the patient's daily dosage of chlorpromazine of 300mg for ten years. After performing complete ophthalmic evaluation and discarding other causes for the ocular deposits, we diagnosed a secondary corneal deposit and cataract due to the use of chlorpromazine. This case reinforces the importance of periodic follow-up with an ophthalmologist for chlorpromazine users to trace ocular changes, heeding the exposure time and its dosage.
RESUMO A clorpromazina é uma medicação muito empregada na psiquiatria para tratamento de psicoses, especialmente em casos de esquizofrenia. Desde 1964 existem artigos publicados que correlacionam o uso dessa medicação com o aparecimento de alterações oculares. Neste trabalho, relatamos o caso de um paciente de 65 anos com efeitos oculares devido à terapia de longo prazo com clorpromazina. A biomicroscopia de ambos os olhos apresentou depósitos granulares difusos e de cor marrom, mais proeminente ao nível do estroma profundo e do endotélio da córnea, além de depósitos castanhos subcapsulares anteriores centrais em um padrão estrelado no cristalino. Considerando a dose diária de clorpromazina de 300mg por 10 anos usada pelo paciente, a quantidade total ultrapassa 2.000g (dose considerada significativa para as alterações oculares descritas). Após avaliação oftalmológica completa e descartado outras causas desses depósitos oculares, foram diagnosticados depósito corneano e catarata secundários ao uso de clorpromazina. O caso apresentado reforça a importância do acompanhamento oftalmolÓgico periÓdico de usuários de clorpromazina para o rastreio de alteraçÕes oculares, atentando-se ao tempo de exposição à droga e à posologia da mesma.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Catarata/inducido químicamente , Clorpromazina/efectos adversos , Clorpromazina/toxicidad , Córnea/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de la Córnea/inducido químicamente , Opacidad de la Córnea/inducido químicamente , Trastornos de la Pigmentación/inducido químicamente , Antipsicóticos/efectos adversos , Antipsicóticos/toxicidad , Antipsicóticos/uso terapéutico , Trastorno Bipolar/tratamiento farmacológico , Agudeza Visual , Clorpromazina/administración & dosificación , Clorpromazina/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de la Córnea/diagnóstico , Opacidad de la Córnea/diagnóstico , Lámpara de Hendidura , Microscopía con Lámpara de HendiduraRESUMEN
Importance: Acute anterior uveitis has been reported to be associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in case reports and retrospective studies based on systemic clinical signs of ZIKV and positive serologic tests. Objective: To describe the ophthalmic findings associated with systemic ZIKV infection during the 2016 ZIKV outbreak in Guadeloupe in the French West Indies. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study assessed adult patients with red eye and virologic or serologic confirmation of acute ZIKV infection who were admitted to the Pointe-à-Pitre University Hospital from January 1, 2016, to January 1, 2017, for a systematic ophthalmologic examination. All patients with anterior uveitis also underwent a complete uveitis workup to rule out other causes of uveitis. Patients were excluded from the study if they had active uveitis and a history of uveitis or positive serology for other infectious diseases including dengue fever virus and chikungunya virus. Data were analyzed from January 1, 2016, to January 1, 2017. Exposures: Patients with confirmed ZIKV infection underwent full ophthalmic examination at study inception and 3, 6, and 12 months. Main Outcomes and Measures: Description of the presenting ocular characteristics, management, and outcome. Results: Of 62 total patients with a red eye, 32 (51.6%) had no uveitis (mean [SD] age, 27.8 [3.7] years; 26 women [81.3%]) and 30 (48.4%) had anterior uveitis (mean [SD] age, 27.5 [3.8] years; 26 women [86.7%]), which was bilateral in all cases. Acute anterior uveitis was nongranulomatous and without synechiae, exhibiting mild anterior chamber reaction with small keratic precipitates. Ocular hypertension occurred in 25 patients (83.3%) with uveitis at presentation and persisted in 15 patients (50%) at 1 year despite antiglaucoma therapy and control of uveitis. Uveitis responded to topical steroids in all cases. Intraocular pressure was within normal limits for all patients without uveitis throughout the follow-up period. Conclusions and Relevance: Anterior uveitis was present in almost half of patients with a red eye and acute systemic ZIKV infection; the uveitis was usually bilateral and often associated with increased intraocular pressure. These results suggest that ophthalmic evaluation should be performed in patients with red eye and acute ZIKV infection to potentially detect and manage hypertensive anterior uveitis.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Hipertensión Ocular/etiología , Uveítis Anterior/etiología , Infección por el Virus Zika/complicaciones , Adulto , Femenino , Guadalupe/epidemiología , Humanos , Presión Intraocular , Masculino , Hipertensión Ocular/diagnóstico , Hipertensión Ocular/fisiopatología , Hipertensión Ocular/terapia , Pronóstico , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Lámpara de Hendidura , Microscopía con Lámpara de Hendidura/instrumentación , Factores de Tiempo , Uveítis Anterior/diagnóstico , Uveítis Anterior/fisiopatología , Uveítis Anterior/terapia , Visión Ocular , Adulto Joven , Infección por el Virus Zika/diagnóstico , Infección por el Virus Zika/terapia , Infección por el Virus Zika/virologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To describe severe bilateral iris depigmentation and persistent ocular hypotony as end-stage manifestations of untreated Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. METHODS: We present the clinical findings and diagnostic studies performed for three patients with bilateral iris depigmentation. RESULTS: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in late recurrent stage was diagnosed in three patients with bilateral severe iris depigmentation and persistent ocular hypotony. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and treatment of inflammation are crucial factors in the clinical outcome of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. When left undiagnosed and untreated from early stages, severe iris depigmentation and ocular hypotony, uncommon manifestations of this disease, can develop.
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Hipopigmentación/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Iris/diagnóstico , Hipotensión Ocular/diagnóstico , Epitelio Pigmentado Ocular/patología , Síndrome Uveomeningoencefálico/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Atrofia , Femenino , Humanos , Iris/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Lámpara de Hendidura , Tomografía de Coherencia ÓpticaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To describe 2 unrelated families with multiple members demonstrating a less commonly recognized vortex pattern of corneal deposits confirmed to be granular corneal dystrophy type 1 (GCD1) after identification of the p.(Arg555Trp) mutation in the transforming growth factor ß-induced gene (TGFBI). METHODS: A slit-lamp examination was performed on individuals from 2 families, one of Mexican descent and a second of Italian descent. After DNA extraction from affected individuals and their unaffected relatives, TGFBI screening was performed. RESULTS: Eight of 20 individuals in the Mexican family and 20 of 55 in the Italian family demonstrated corneal stromal opacities. Seven of the 8 affected individuals in the Mexican family and 4 of the 20 affected individuals in the Italian family demonstrated a phenotype characterized by a "sea fan" or vortex pattern of superficial stromal corneal deposits originating from the inferior aspect of the cornea. Screening of TGFBI in both families revealed a heterozygous missense mutation [p.(Arg555Trp)] in exon 12, confirming the diagnosis of GCD1. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that GCD1 may present with a vortex pattern of anterior stromal deposits. Although this pattern of dystrophic deposits is not recognized by clinicians as a typical phenotype of GCD1, it is consistent with the production of the majority of the TGFBI protein by the corneal epithelium.
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Distrofias Hereditarias de la Córnea/diagnóstico , Distrofias Hereditarias de la Córnea/genética , Sustancia Propia/patología , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/genética , Mutación Missense , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/genética , Adolescente , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Opacidad de la Córnea/diagnóstico , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Heterocigoto , Humanos , Italia , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Linaje , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Lámpara de Hendidura , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ABSTRACT We describe an unusual case of Nocardia spp scleritis in a health girl resistant to topical fourth-generation fluoroquinolones. Clinically, there was only partial response of the scleritis to initial therapy. Treatment was changed to meropenem intravenously and topical amikacin. Following several weeks of antibiotic treatment, the patient's infection resolved but her vision was reduced to no light perception. Nocardia asteroides must be considered as a possible agent in cases of necrotizing scleritis in patients without a clear source. Antibiotic sensitivity testing has a definitive role in view of the resistance to these new medications.
RESUMO Nós descrevemos um raro caso de esclerite por Nocardia spp em uma criança sadia resistente a utilização tópica de fluorquinolona de quarta-geração. Clinicamente, a paciente apresentou apenas uma resposta parcial do quadro de esclerite a terapêutica inicial. O tratamento foi então modificado para meropenem intravenoso e amicacina tópica. Após várias semanas de tratamento com antibiótico, o quadro infeccioso regrediu porém a visao da pacientes evoluiu para perda da percepção luminosa. Em casos de esclerite necrotizante em pacientes sem fatores de risco aparente é necessário considerer a Nocardia Asteroides como possível agente causador. Os testes de sensibilidade medicamentosa apresentam importância significativa em virtude do aparecimento de resistência aos novos medicamentos.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Niño , Uveítis/microbiología , Escleritis/microbiología , Fluoroquinolonas/uso terapéutico , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Nocardia asteroides/aislamiento & purificación , Nocardiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Oxacilina/uso terapéutico , Sulfametoxazol/uso terapéutico , Trimetoprim/uso terapéutico , Uveítis/diagnóstico , Uveítis/tratamiento farmacológico , Prednisolona/uso terapéutico , Amicacina/uso terapéutico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapéutico , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Infecciones del Ojo , Escleritis/diagnóstico , Escleritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Lámpara de Hendidura , Moxifloxacino/uso terapéutico , Meropenem/uso terapéutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Nocardiosis/diagnósticoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report a case series of 7 eyes of 6 patients with posterior keratoconus, evaluating corneal Scheimpflug tomographic changes and anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: In our descriptive study, 6 patients were diagnosed with posterior keratoconus: 5 unilateral (7-, 33-, and 42-year-old males and 64- and 60-year-old female) and 1 bilateral (45-year-old female). Patients were diagnosed with slit-lamp examination, which revealed corneal opacity with an underlying posterior corneal depression. Additional analysis with anterior-segment OCT and Scheimpflug tomography evaluation was performed. RESULTS: Localized paracentral posterior keratoconus was diagnosed in 7 eyes. Scheimpflug images demonstrated posterior corneal depression. Clinical findings were examined by OCT. Genetic analysis revealed no alterations or associated syndromes. All patients were amblyopic in the affected eye, and no surgery was offered to improve their visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior keratoconus is a rare noninflammatory condition usually present at birth and sometimes related to developmental abnormalities. Posterior keratoconus is usually unilateral and can present as a generalized or localized change in posterior corneal curvature.
Asunto(s)
Endotelio Corneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Queratocono/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Adulto , Niño , Topografía de la Córnea , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fotograbar , Lámpara de Hendidura , Agudeza VisualRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective To describe retinal diseases found in patients who were waiting for treatment at a tertiary care hospital in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Methods Patients underwent slit lamp biomicroscopy, dilated fundus exam and ocular ultrasound. Patients were classified according to phakic status and retinal disease of the most severely affected eye. Results A total of 138 patients were examined. The mean age was 51.3 years. Diabetes was present in 35.3% and hypertension in 45.4% of these patients. Cataract was found in 23.2% of patients, in at least one eye. Retinal examination was possible in 129 patients. The main retinal diseases identified were rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (n=23; 17.8%) and diabetic retinopathy (n=32; 24.8%). Out of 40 patients evaluated due to diabetes, 13 (32.5%) had absent or mild forms of diabetic retinopathy and did not need further treatment, only observation. Conclusion Diabetic retinopathy was the main retinal disease in this population. It is an avoidable cause of blindness and can be remotely evaluated, in its initial stages, by telemedicine strategies. In remote Brazilian areas, telemedicine may be an important tool for retinal diseases diagnosis and follow-up.
RESUMO Objetivo Descrever as doenças de retina encontradas em pacientes que aguardavam tratamento para doenças retinianas em um hospital terciário de Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil. Métodos Foi realizado um exame oftalmológico compreendendo biomicroscopia com lâmpada de fenda, mapeamento de retina e ultrassonografia ocular. Os pacientes foram classificados de acordo com o status fácico e a doença retiniana que acometia o olho de maior gravidade. Resultados Foram atendidos 138 pacientes. A média de idade foi de 51,3 anos. A distribuição de diabetes foi de 35,3% e de hipertensão arterial foi de 45,5%. Catarata esteve presente em pelo menos um dos olhos em 23,2%. Tiveram o exame da retina possibilitado 129 pacientes. As principais doenças retinianas detectadas foram descolamento de retina regmatogênico (n=23; 17,8%) e retinopatia diabética (n=32; 24,8%). Dos 40 pacientes avaliados em função do diabetes, 13 (32,5%) apresentavam retinopatia ausente ou estágios iniciais de retinopatia e necessitavam apenas de acompanhamento. Conclusão A principal doença retiniana foi a retinopatia diabética, uma causa de cegueira evitável que pode ser acompanhada à distância, nos estágios iniciais, por meio de estratégias de telemedicina. A telemedicina pode ser uma importante ferramenta no acompanhamento de doenças retinianas em localidades remotas no Brasil.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Retinopatía Diabética/epidemiología , Fondo de Ojo , Desprendimiento de Retina/epidemiología , Centros de Atención Terciaria/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil/epidemiología , Catarata/epidemiología , Ciudades/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Ojo , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Errores de Refracción/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Retina/epidemiología , Lámpara de Hendidura , TelemedicinaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Climatic droplets keratopathy (CDK) is closely associated with superficial corneal erosions and lack of protective mechanisms against the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) during a prolonged period of time. One of the difficulties in studying the pathogenic mechanisms involved in this human disease is the lack of an experimental animal model. In this paper, a study is conducted on the effects of 4 types of lasers at various powers and time conditions on the normal guinea pig corneas in order to select only one laser condition that reversibly injures the epithelium and superficial stroma, without leaving scarring. METHODS: Damage was induced in the cornea of Guinea pigs using different powers and exposure times of 4 types of laser: argon, CO2, diode and Nd-Yag, and any injuries were evaluated by biomicroscopy (BM) and optical microscopy. Corneas from other normal animals were exposed to argon laser (350 mW, 0.3s, 50 µm of diameter), and the induced alterations were studied at different times using BM, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: Only argon laser at 350 mW, 0.3s, 50 µm of diameter produced epithelium and superficial stroma lesions. Some leukomas were observed by BM, and they disappeared by day 15. Corneal thickness measured by OCT decreased in the eyes treated with argon laser during the first week. Using TEM, different ultra structural alterations in corneal epithelium and stroma were observed during the early days, which disappeared by day 15. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to develop reproducible corneal epithelium and anterior stroma injuries using Argon laser at 350 mW, 0.3s, 50 µm of diameter. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that injured corneas with these laser conditions did not leave irreversible microscopic or ultra structural alterations. This protocol of corneal erosion combined with exposure to UVR and partial deficiency of ascorbate in the diets of the animals for an extended period of time has been used in order to try to develop an experimental model of CDK.
Asunto(s)
Lesiones de la Cornea/etiología , Opacidad de la Córnea/etiología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Cobayas , Rayos Láser/efectos adversos , Animales , Deficiencia de Ácido Ascórbico/complicaciones , Deficiencia de Ácido Ascórbico/genética , Córnea/efectos de la radiación , Córnea/ultraestructura , Opacidad de la Córnea/complicaciones , Opacidad de la Córnea/inmunología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Femenino , Cobayas/genética , Humanos , Láseres de Gas/efectos adversos , Material Particulado/efectos adversos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Lámpara de Hendidura , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Bevacizumab, a monoclonal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, has been suggested as a potential healing therapeutic following glaucoma surgery. Here, we aimed to improve the bioavailability of bevacizumab when used as an adjunct therapy to non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (DS) by using a bevacizumab-methylcellulose mixture (BMM). Ten previously non-operated eyes in ten patients diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma underwent DS with a subconjunctival injection of 0.3 ml of BMM (bevacizumab 3.75 mg incorporated into 4% methylcellulose) at the surgical site. Bevacizumab release was evaluated in vitro using size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Intraocular pressure (IOP), bleb morphology, corneal endothelial cell count (CECC), and complications were evaluated at 6 months after surgery. Using HPLC, bevacizumab was detected in BMM for up to 72 h. Moreover, all surgical blebs remained expanded with hyaline material during the first week. A significant IOP reduction (mean ± SD= -10.3 ± 5.4 mmHg, P<0.001) and diffuse blebs were observed at the final follow-up period. Although CECC was slightly reduced (-7.4%), no complications were observed. In conclusion, bevacizumab was released from BMM, and the use of this innovative mixture yielded good results following DS with no complications. Further studies are required to determine its efficacy prior to establishing BMM as an adjunct treatment for penetrating and non-penetrating glaucoma surgeries.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/farmacología , Bevacizumab/farmacología , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/cirugía , Metilcelulosa/farmacología , Adulto , Anciano , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/uso terapéutico , Bevacizumab/uso terapéutico , Vesícula , Quimioterapia Adyuvante/métodos , Combinación de Medicamentos , Liberación de Fármacos , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Presión Intraocular , Masculino , Metilcelulosa/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , Estudios Prospectivos , Lámpara de Hendidura , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Bevacizumab, a monoclonal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, has been suggested as a potential healing therapeutic following glaucoma surgery. Here, we aimed to improve the bioavailability of bevacizumab when used as an adjunct therapy to non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (DS) by using a bevacizumab-methylcellulose mixture (BMM). Ten previously non-operated eyes in ten patients diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma underwent DS with a subconjunctival injection of 0.3 ml of BMM (bevacizumab 3.75 mg incorporated into 4% methylcellulose) at the surgical site. Bevacizumab release was evaluated in vitro using size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Intraocular pressure (IOP), bleb morphology, corneal endothelial cell count (CECC), and complications were evaluated at 6 months after surgery. Using HPLC, bevacizumab was detected in BMM for up to 72 h. Moreover, all surgical blebs remained expanded with hyaline material during the first week. A significant IOP reduction (mean ± SD= -10.3 ± 5.4 mmHg, P<0.001) and diffuse blebs were observed at the final follow-up period. Although CECC was slightly reduced (-7.4%), no complications were observed. In conclusion, bevacizumab was released from BMM, and the use of this innovative mixture yielded good results following DS with no complications. Further studies are required to determine its efficacy prior to establishing BMM as an adjunct treatment for penetrating and non-penetrating glaucoma surgeries.
RESUMO O bevacizumabe (um agente anti-fator de crescimento endotelial vascular) tem sido sugerido como potencial modulador cicatricial na cirurgia do glaucoma. Este estudo objetivou melhorar a biodisponibilidade do bevacizumabe, investigando a viabilidade de uma nova mistura de bevacizumabe-metilcelulose (BMM) como terapia adjuvante para a esclerectomia profunda não-penetrante (DS). Dez olhos sem cirurgias prévias de 10 pacientes com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto foram submetidos à DS associada à uma injeção subconjuntival de 0,3 ml da mistura de bevacizumabe-metilcelulose (bevacizumabe 3,75 mg incorporado em metilcelulose 4%) no sítio cirúrgico. A liberação de bevacizumabe foi avaliada in vitro através de cromatografia líquida de alta performance por exclusão de tamanho (HPLC). A pressão intraocular (PIO), a morfologia da ampola de filtração, a contagem de células endoteliais da córnea (CECC) e as complicações foram estudadas aos seis meses de seguimento. O bevacizumabe foi detectado a partir da mistura de bevacizumabe-metilcelulose por meio do HPLC até 72 horas. Além disso, todas as ampolas cirúrgicas permaneceram expandidas com material hialino durante a primeira semana. Uma redução significativa da pressão intraocular (média ± DP= -10,3 ± 5,4 mmHg, P<0,001) e ampolas difusas foram observadas ao final do período de seguimento. Embora a contagem de células endoteliais da córnea se mostrou discretamente diminuída (-7,4%), nenhuma complicação foi observada. Neste estudo, o bevacizumabe foi liberado da mistura de bevacizumabe-metilcelulose e o uso desta nova mistura se associou com bons resultados cirúrgicos e nenhuma complicação. Estudos futuros serão necessários para determinar sua eficácia, antes de se estabelecer a mistura de bevacizumabe-metilcelulose como um tratamento adjuvante às cirurgias penetrantes e não-penetrantes para o glaucoma.
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Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/farmacología , Bevacizumab/farmacología , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/cirugía , Metilcelulosa/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/uso terapéutico , Vesícula , Bevacizumab/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Adyuvante/métodos , Combinación de Medicamentos , Liberación de Fármacos , Estudios de Factibilidad , Estudios de Seguimiento , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/tratamiento farmacológico , Presión Intraocular , Metilcelulosa/uso terapéutico , Proyectos Piloto , Estudios Prospectivos , Lámpara de Hendidura , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Os autores descrevem dois casos de distrofia policromática posterior da córnea, uma distrofia pré-Descemet, pouco descrita nas literaturas nacional e mundial, em que se observam pontos policromáticos difusos no estroma posterior da córnea, sem aparente comprometimento da visão.
The authors describe two cases of posterior polychromatic corneal dystrophy, a pre-Descemet dystrophy, poorly described in national and world literatures, characterized by diffuse polychromatic points on the posterior corneal stroma, without visual impairment.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Distrofias Hereditarias de la Córnea/diagnóstico , Lámina Limitante Posterior/anomalías , Lámpara de Hendidura , Tomografía de Coherencia ÓpticaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To determine uptake, barriers and outcomes in the follow-up of patients referred for free-of-charge, expedited cataract surgery in the Sao Paulo Eye Study (SPES). METHODS: SPES was a population-based study of urban, low-middle income residents aged ≥50 years. Presenting visual acuity (PVA), best-corrected visual acuity, refraction, and slit-lamp examination were performed in 3677 participants. For subjects with cataract as a principal cause of best-corrected visual acuity ≤20/40, surgery was offered free of charge. Two years after the baseline study, surgery uptake, barriers to surgery, and visual outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 210 (5.71%) participants who had a cataract surgery indication at baseline, 164 (78.1%) were successfully contacted and 55 (33.5%) reported being operated on for cataract, with 51 agreeing to be re-examined. In a multiple logistic regression model, age, sex, schooling, previous cataract surgery, and PVA at baseline were not significantly associated with surgery uptake. Co-existing health conditions (20.4%), fear of surgery (12.2%) and fear of losing eyesight (11.6%) were the most frequent barriers to cataract surgery adherence. Among the 69 eyes operated on in the interval between baseline and follow-up, PVA ≥20/63 was observed in 50 (72.6%, 95% confidence interval, CI, 62.2-82.3%), PVA <20/63-20/200 in 11 (15.8%, 95% CI 8.9-22.9%) and PVA <20/200 in 8 (11.6%, 95% CI 5.3-17.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Quality of surgery is an increasing determinant of uptake rates. Although free-of-charge and expedited cataract surgery was offered, surgical outcomes might have influenced the low uptake. Aside from cataract surgery campaigns, improvement of surgeon skills, accurate biometry, treatment of ocular comorbidities, postoperative follow-up and eye-care education are needed.
Asunto(s)
Extracción de Catarata/economía , Extracción de Catarata/estadística & datos numéricos , Asistencia Médica , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Derivación y Consulta , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Catarata/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Refracción Ocular/fisiología , Lámpara de Hendidura , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , Personas con Daño Visual/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe retinal diseases found in patients who were waiting for treatment at a tertiary care hospital in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. METHODS: Patients underwent slit lamp biomicroscopy, dilated fundus exam and ocular ultrasound. Patients were classified according to phakic status and retinal disease of the most severely affected eye. RESULTS: A total of 138 patients were examined. The mean age was 51.3 years. Diabetes was present in 35.3% and hypertension in 45.4% of these patients. Cataract was found in 23.2% of patients, in at least one eye. Retinal examination was possible in 129 patients. The main retinal diseases identified were rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (n=23; 17.8%) and diabetic retinopathy (n=32; 24.8%). Out of 40 patients evaluated due to diabetes, 13 (32.5%) had absent or mild forms of diabetic retinopathy and did not need further treatment, only observation. CONCLUSION: Diabetic retinopathy was the main retinal disease in this population. It is an avoidable cause of blindness and can be remotely evaluated, in its initial stages, by telemedicine strategies. In remote Brazilian areas, telemedicine may be an important tool for retinal diseases diagnosis and follow-up.