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Objective: Despite significant advancements in understanding risk factors and treatment strategies, ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide, particularly within specific regions in Brazil, where the disease is a burden. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the risk of hospitalization and mortality from IHD in the state of Paraná (Brazil), using spatial analysis to identify areas with higher risk based on socioeconomic, demographic and health variables. Methods: This is an ecological study based on secondary and retrospective IHD hospitalization and mortality data obtained from the Brazilian Hospitalization and Mortality Information Systems during the 2010-2021 period. Data were analyzed for 399 municipalities and 22 health regions in the state of Paraná. To assess the spatial patterns of the disease and identify relative risk (RR) areas, we constructed a risk model by Bayesian inference using the R-INLA and SpatialEpi packages in R software. Results: A total of 333,229 hospitalizations and 73,221 deaths occurred in the analyzed period, and elevated RR of hospitalization (RR = 27.412, CI 21.801; 34.466) and mortality (RR = 15.673, CI 2.148; 114.319) from IHD occurred in small-sized municipalities. In addition, medium-sized municipalities also presented elevated RR of hospitalization (RR = 6.533, CI 1.748; 2.006) and mortality (RR = 6.092, CI 1.451; 2.163) from IHD. Hospitalization and mortality rates were higher in white men aged 40-59 years. A negative association was found between Municipal Performance Index (IPDM) and IHD hospitalization and mortality. Conclusion: Areas with increased risk of hospitalization and mortality from IHD were found in small and medium-sized municipalities in the state of Paraná, Brazil. These results suggest a deficit in health care attention for IHD cases in these areas, potentially due to a low distribution of health care resources.
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Teorema de Bayes , Hospitalización , Isquemia Miocárdica , Humanos , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Isquemia Miocárdica/epidemiología , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto , Anciano , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Tasa de Supervivencia/tendenciasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with the risk of several chronic diseases, including ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. This study aimed to model the impact of a 20% tax on all SSBs for IHD and stroke among Brazilian adults. METHODS: This was an ex-ante risk comparative study. The model applied a 20% tax on SSBs and projected the incidence, prevalence and mortality of IHD and stroke over a 20-year period (2019-39). Using data on consumption, previously published cross- and own-price elasticities of SSBs, and relative risk, we estimated changes in IHD and stroke burden. RESULTS: Our model predicts that a 20% SSB tax may reduce new cases of IHD by ~13%, especially among women, and avert ~8% of the deaths attributable to IHD over 20 years. These results represent a decrease of 19 543 new cases and 8466 and 7274 fewer deaths in the period for men and women, respectively. Estimates of reduction in incidence, prevalence and deaths from stroke were not significant over 20 years. CONCLUSIONS: Even under conservative assumptions, our study found that a small reduction in SSB consumption led to a substantial decrease in IHD incidence and mortality in Brazil.
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Isquemia Miocárdica , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Bebidas Azucaradas , Impuestos , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiología , Bebidas Azucaradas/efectos adversos , Bebidas Azucaradas/economía , Bebidas Azucaradas/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Masculino , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/mortalidad , Isquemia Miocárdica/epidemiología , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Incidencia , Prevalencia , AncianoRESUMEN
Introducción: determinar la causa de muerte de los pacientes internados con enfermedad cardiovascular es de suma importancia para poder tomar medidas y así mejorar la calidad su atención y prevenir muertes evitables. Objetivos: determinar las principales causas de muerte durante la internación por enfermedades cardiovasculares. Desarrollar y validar un algoritmo para clasificar automáticamente a los pacientes fallecidos durante la internación con enfermedades cardiovasculares Diseño del estudio: estudio exploratorio retrospectivo. Desarrollo de un algoritmo de clasificación. Resultados: del total de 6161 pacientes, el 21,3% (1316) se internaron por causas cardiovasculares; las enfermedades cerebrovasculares representan el 30,7%, la insuficiencia cardíaca el 24,9% y las enfermedades cardíacas isquémicas el 14%. El algoritmo de clasificación según motivo de internación cardiovascular vs. no cardiovascular alcanzó una precisión de 0,9546 (IC 95%: 0,9351-0,9696). El algoritmo de clasificación de causa específica de internación cardiovascular alcanzó una precisión global de 0,9407 (IC 95%: 0,8866-0,9741). Conclusiones: la enfermedad cardiovascular representa el 21,3% de los motivos de internación de pacientes que fallecen durante su desarrollo. Los algoritmos presentaron en general buena performance, particularmente el de clasificación del motivo de internación cardiovascular y no cardiovascular y el clasificador según causa específica de internación cardiovascular. (AU)
Introduction: determining the cause of death of hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease is of the utmost importance in order to take measures and thus improve the quality of care of these patients and prevent preventable deaths. Objectives: to determine the main causes of death during hospitalization due to cardiovascular diseases.To development and validate a natural language processing algorithm to automatically classify deceased patients according to their cause for hospitalization. Design: retrospective exploratory study. Development of a natural language processing classification algorithm. Results: of the total 6161 patients in our sample who died during hospitalization, 21.3% (1316) were hospitalized due to cardiovascular causes. The stroke represent 30.7%, heart failure 24.9%, and ischemic cardiac disease 14%. The classification algorithm for detecting cardiovascular vs. Non-cardiovascular admission diagnoses yielded an accuracy of 0.9546 (95% CI 0.9351, 0.9696), the algorithm for detecting specific cardiovascular cause of admission resulted in an overall accuracy of 0.9407 (95% CI 0.8866, 0.9741). Conclusions: cardiovascular disease represents 21.3% of the reasons for hospitalization of patients who die during hospital stays. The classification algorithms generally showed good performance, particularly the classification of cardiovascular vs non-cardiovascular cause for admission and the specific cardiovascular admission cause classifier. (AU)
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Humanos , Inteligencia Artificial/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/mortalidad , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/mortalidad , Hospitalización , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Algoritmos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Análisis Factorial , Mortalidad , Causas de Muerte , Registros Electrónicos de SaludRESUMEN
As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são a principal causa de morte no Brasil e no mundo. As doenças isquêmicas do coração (DIC) e doenças cerebrovasculares (DCBV) estão entre as dez principais causas de mortes no Brasil. A análise de tendência da mortalidade por DCV permite definir populações prioritárias para intervenções, elaborar e avaliar ações em saúde pública. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a tendência da mortalidade por DIC e DCBV nas 27 capitais brasileiras, no período de 1990 a 2018. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de série temporal, os dados de óbitos foram obtidos através do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Buscando corrigir problemas na qualidade da informação dos registros de óbito do SIM, realizou-se a correção dos óbitos referentes aos dados com sexo e/ou faixa etária ignorada e aos óbitos registrados com causas "mal definidas". As taxas de mortalidade por DIC e DBCV foram padronizadas pelo método direto, tomando-se como população padrão a população do Brasil no ano de 2010. A análise de tendência da mortalidade por DIC e DCBV para a população total, homens e mulheres foi realizada utilizando o modelo de regressão de Poisson. Os resultados mostraram tendência de redução da mortalidade por DCBV tanto para a população total como para homens e mulheres em todas as capitais brasileiras. Vitória, capital da região Sudeste, apresentou a maior redução da taxa de mortalidade total por DCBV dentre todas as capitais brasileiras, -5,6% ao ano (IC95%: -6,0; -5,1%). No entanto, Macapá, capital da região Norte, teve a menor dentre todas as capitais -1,7% ao ano (IC95%: -2,7; -0,7%). Paras as DIC foi observada tendência de redução da mortalidade tanto para a população total como para homens e mulheres nas capitais das regiões Sul, Sudeste e para a maioria das capitais da região Centro-Oeste. As capitais das regiões Norte e Nordeste apresentaram uma variabilidade na tendência da mortalidade por DIC. Conclui-se que as capitais das regiões Sul e Sudeste apresentaram as maiores reduções da tendência da mortalidade por DIC e DCBV. Os achados desse estudo são importantes para prover informações mais detalhadas buscando auxiliar a gestão local na promoção de políticas de saúde pública, planejamento de estratégias e elaboração de medidas e ações em saúde.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in Brazil and worldwide. Ischemic heart diseases (IHD) and cerebrovascular diseases (CBVD) are among Brazil's ten main causes of death. The trend analysis of mortality from CVD allows defining priority populations for interventions, designing and evaluating public health actions. In this sense, the study's objective was to analyze the mortality trend from IHD and CBVD in the 27 Brazilian capitals from 1990 to 2018. This is an ecological time-series study with the Mortality Information System (SIM) data. Seeking to correct the quality of the information in the SIM death records, the correction of deaths referring to data with anonymous sex and age group and deaths recorded with "ill-defined" causes was carried out. IHD and CBVD mortality rates were standardized by the direct method, using the population of Brazil in 2010 as the standard population. Trend analysis of IHD and CBVD mortality for the total population, men and women, was performed using the Poisson regression model. The results showed a reduction in the trend of mortality from CBVD for both the total population and for men and women in all Brazilian capitals. Vitória, the capital of the Southeast region, showed the greatest reduction in the total mortality rate from CVD among all Brazilian capitals, -5.6% per year (95%CI: -6.0; -5.1%). However, Macapá, the capital of the North region, had the lowest among all capitals -1.7% per year (95%CI: -2.7; -0.7%). For IHD, a decrease in the mortality trend was observed both for the total population and for men and women in the capitals of the South and Southeast regions and most capitals of the Center-West region. The capitals of the North and Northeast regions showed variability in the trend of IHD mortality. In conclusion, the capitals of the South and Southeast regions showed the greatest reductions in the mortality trend due to IHD and CBVD. The findings of this study are essential to provide more detailed information to assist local management in promoting public health policies, planning strategies, and designing health measures and actions.
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Humanos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/mortalidad , Estudios de Series Temporales , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Brasil , EpidemiologíaRESUMEN
POSITION DU PROBLèME: Le confinement mis en place au deuxième trimestre 2020 a entrainé une amélioration de la qualité de l'air de Santiago, capitale et plus grande ville du Chili, caractérisée par de fortes concentrations en particules fines PM2,5 liées, en grande partie, au trafic routier. L'objectif était de mettre en évidence une potentielle réduction des visites aux urgences pour infarctus du myocarde aigu (IDM) et des décès dus à une cardiopathie ischémique (CPI) attribuable à l'émission de PM2,5, en comparant les périodes équivalentes de 2019 et de 2020. MéTHODES: À Santiago, la surveillance de la qualité de l'air se fait grâce à neuf moniteurs situés dans neuf communes différentes : Cerro Navia, Cerrillos, El Bosque, Pudahuel, Independencia, La Florida, Quilicura, Santiago centre-ville et Las Condes (classées de la plus haute à la plus basse en matière de pauvreté multidimensionnelle). La concentration moyenne quotidienne de PM2,5 a été décrite avec des séries temporelles, et les visites aux urgences pour IDM et les décès dus à une CPI ont été analysés de façon trimestrielle pour chaque année. Pour estimer l'impact de l'excès de PM2,5, les fractions de risque attribuables (FRA) pour les visites aux urgences pour IDM et les décès pour CPI ont été calculées. RéSULTATS: La moyenne quotidienne des PM2,5 a diminué dans huit des neuf communes de Santiago. Cependant, la réduction n'a été significative que dans trois communes. Les visites aux urgences pour IDM et les décès par CPI attribuables aux PM2,5 ont diminué légèrement mais significativement dans ces trois communes. Les FRA dans les autres communes sont restées similaires à 2019. CONCLUSIONS: Une réduction significative de la FRA des PM2,5 pour les décès par CPI et les visites aux urgences d'IDM n'a été observée que dans les communes avec une réduction significative de la concentration quotidienne moyenne de PM2,5 pendant la pandémie de COVID-19.
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Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Chile , Ciudades , Humanos , Infarto del Miocardio/mortalidad , Pandemias , Material Particulado/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Introducción: La cardiopatía isquémica es frecuente, tiene diversas formas de manifestarse y predomina entre las enfermedades que motivan el ingreso de pacientes a unidades de emergencias, y que causan ingresos hospitalarios. Objetivo: Profundizar en el conocimiento de los pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica en una unidad de cuidados intensivos municipal. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, de 528 pacientes que ingresaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital General Docente Orlando Pantoja Tamayo, Contramaestre, Santiago de Cuba, con diagnóstico de cardiopatías isquémicas, desde enero de 2016 hasta junio de 2019. Las variables utilizadas fueron: grupo de edades, sexo, diagnostico al ingreso, antecedentes patológicos personales, estadía y estado al egreso. Se utilizó el porcentaje para resumir la información, así como el test chi cuadrado para identificar asociación estadística. Resultados: Hubo predominio del sexo masculino y edades entre 60-70 y 36-59 años, fueron más frecuentes el infarto agudo de miocardio y la combinación de 3 o más factores de riesgo. El mayor número de fallecimientos se ocurrió en los primeros 3 días de admitidos y en pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva. Conclusiones: El comportamiento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares continúa siendo un gran problema de salud, aparece en edades cada vez más tempranas. En casos severos la mortalidad puede ocurrir en las primeras 72 h(AU)
Introduction: Ischemic heart disease is frequent, has different manifestation forms, and predominates among diseases leading to patient admission into emergency units and hospital admissions in general. Objective: To deepen the knowledge of patients with ischemic heart disease in a municipal intensive care unit. Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out of 528 patients who were admitted into the intensive care unit of Orlando Pantoja Tamayo General Teaching Hospital in Contramaestre Municipality, Santiago de Cuba, with a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, from January 2016 to June of 2019. The variables used were age group, sex, diagnosis at admission, personal pathological history, hospital stay, and status at discharge. We used percentage to summarize the information, as well as the chi-square test to identify statistical association. Results: There was a predominance of males and ages between 60-70 and 36-59 years. Acute myocardial infarction and the combination of three or more risk factors were more frequent. The highest number of deaths occurred in the first three days after admission and among patients with invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: The characteristics of cardiovascular diseases continues to be a major health concern, as long as they are appearing at increasingly earlier ages. In severe cases, mortality can occur in the first seventy-two hours(AU)
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Humanos , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Cardiopatías/epidemiología , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/tendencias , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Transversales , Factores de Riesgo , ConocimientoRESUMEN
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of deaths globally. Machine learning studies predicting mortality rates for ischemic heart disease (IHD) at the municipal level are very limited. The goal of this paper was to create and validate a Heart Health Care Index (HHCI) to predict risk of IHD based on location and risk factors. Secondary data, geographical information system (GIS) and machine learning were used to validate the HHCI and stratify the IHD municipality risk in the state of Paraná. A positive spatial autocorrelation was found (Moran's I = 0.6472, p-value = 0.001), showing clusters of high IHD mortality. The Support Vector Machine, which had an RMSE of 0.789 and error proportion close to one (0.867), was the best for prediction among eight machine learning algorithms after validation. In the north and northwest regions of the state, HHCI was low and mortality clusters patterns were high. By creating an HHCI through ML, we can predict IHD mortality rate at municipal level, identifying predictive characteristics that impact health conditions of these localities' guided health management decisions for improvements for IHD within the emergency care network in the state of Paraná.
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Isquemia Miocárdica/epidemiología , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Brasil/epidemiología , Humanos , Aprendizaje Automático , Modelos Teóricos , Isquemia Miocárdica/prevención & control , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Abstract Background: Mortality from cardiovascular diseases has reduced in Brazil in recent decades, but this phenomenon is not clear in the northeast region of the country. Objectives: To describe the mortality trends from cardiovascular disease in Bahia from 2000-2015, in total population and by sex and age groups, and by specific causes (ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, rheumatic heart disease and heart failure). Methods: This was a time series study. Data were obtained from SIM-DATASUS and IBGE, and the 10th revision of the ICD used for disease classification. Mortality rates (per 100,000 inhabitants) were calculated from total cardiovascular disease and specific causes, by sex and age groups. Direct standardization was used to adjust for age, using the population of 2010 as reference. Linear regression models estimated percentage variation. The significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: In Bahia, crude mortality rates from cardiovascular disease increased in the period; however, after standardization by age, mortality rates became stable for the total and female populations, with a slight reduction for the male population. An increase in mortality rates from cardiovascular disease was found in the elderly groups. For ischemic heart disease, a progressive increase in adjusted mortality rates was observed: 43%, 24% and 29% for the total, male, and female population, respectively. There was a progressive reduction in crude and age-standardized mortality rates from heart failure in all groups, a modest reduction in age-adjusted mortality rates from cerebrovascular diseases, and a slight reduction in age-standardized mortality rate from rheumatic heart disease, especially in the subgroup <40 years. Conclusions: Mortality from cardiovascular disease in Bahia did not follow the decreasing trend of other Brazilian states, especially in relation to ischemic heart disease, which showed an increase in mortality rates.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto Joven , Cardiopatía Reumática/mortalidad , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/mortalidad , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/mortalidad , Factores de Tiempo , Brasil , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Factores de Edad , Estudios EcológicosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ischemic cardiomyopathy and severe left ventricular dysfunction are well established to represent the main determinants of poor survival and premature death compared with preserved ventricular function. However, the role of myocardial revascularization as a therapeutic alternative is not known to improve the long-term prognosis in this group of patients. This study will investigate whether myocardial revascularization contributes to a better prognosis for patients compared with those treated with drugs alone and followed over the long term. METHODS: The study will include 600 patients with coronary artery disease associated with ischemic cardiomyopathy. The surgical or drug therapy option will be randomized, and the events considered for analysis will be all-cause mortality, nonfatal infarction, unstable angina requiring additional revascularization, and stroke. The events will be analyzed according to the intent-to-treat principle. Patients with multivessel coronary disease and left ventricular ejection fraction measurements of less than 35% will be included. In addition, myocardial ischemia will be documented by myocardial scintigraphy. Markers of myocardial necrosis will be checked at admission and after the procedure. DISCUSSION: The role of myocardial revascularization (CABG) in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure is not clearly established. The surgical option of revascularizing the myocardium is a procedure designed to reduce the load of myocardial hibernation in patients with heart failure caused by coronary artery disease. On the other hand, the assessment of myocardial viability is frequently used to identify patients with left ventricular ischemic dysfunction in which CABG may add survival benefit. However, the effectiveness of this option is uncertain. The great difficulty in establishing the efficacy of surgical intervention is based on the understanding of viability without ischemia. Thus, this study will include only patients with viable and truly ischemic myocardium to correct this anomaly. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Evaluation of a randomized comparison between patients with coronary artery disease associated with ischemic cardiomyopathy submitted to medical or surgical treatment: MASS-VI (HF), ISRCTN77449548, Oct 10th, 2019 (retrospectively registered).
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Puente de Arteria Coronaria/métodos , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/complicaciones , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/cirugía , Isquemia Miocárdica/complicaciones , Isquemia Miocárdica/cirugía , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/complicaciones , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/cirugía , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/mortalidad , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Diuréticos/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Seguimiento , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/etiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/cirugía , Humanos , Isquemia Miocárdica/tratamiento farmacológico , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Volumen Sistólico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/tratamiento farmacológico , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/mortalidadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether there is any difference on the results of patients treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the setting of ischemic heart failure (HF). METHODS: Databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register [CENTRAL/CCTR], ClinicalTrials.gov, Scientific Electronic Library Online [SciELO], Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde [LILACS], and Google Scholar) were searched for studies published until February 2019. Main outcomes of interest were mortality, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and stroke. RESULTS: The search yielded 5,775 studies for inclusion. Of these, 20 articles were analyzed, and their data were extracted. The total number of patients included was 54,173, and those underwent CABG (N=29,075) or PCI (N=25098). The hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality (HR 0.763; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.678-0.859; P<0.001), myocardial infarction (HR 0.481; 95% CI 0.365-0.633; P<0.001), and repeat revascularization (HR 0.321; 95% CI 0.241-0.428; P<0.001) were lower in the CABG group than in the PCI group. The HR for stroke showed no statistically significant difference between the groups (random effect model: HR 0.879; 95% CI 0.625-1.237; P=0.459). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis found that CABG surgery remains the best option for patients with ischemic HF, without increase in the risk of stroke.
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Puente de Arteria Coronaria/mortalidad , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/cirugía , Isquemia Miocárdica/cirugía , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/mortalidad , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Puente de Arteria Coronaria/efectos adversos , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/mortalidad , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Literatura de Revisión como Asunto , Accidente Cerebrovascular/mortalidad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Objective: To update some important aspects of the descriptive epidemiology of ischemic heart (EIC) disease in Costa Rica during the period 1970-2014. Methods: EIC death rates were obtained in two periods: from 1930 to 1969 and then, for a more specific analysis, from 1970 to 2014, using moving and five-year averages, based on data from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística and the Centro Centroamericano de Población, to analyze them according to age, sex, geographical location and percentage contribution to the general mortality. Information was also obtained to determine the burden of the disease, in this case through Years of Adjusted Life for Disability, Years of Life Lost and Years of Life lost due to Disability. Results: There was a rise in rates in the general population, with greater momentum in the population from 35 to 74 years, up to the five-year period 1995-1999, after which a decline began that apparently stopped during the five-year period 2010-2014 (both sexes: r = 0.9964, r2 = 0.9928, ß = -2.4950, p 0.04; men: r = 0.9994, r2 = 0.9988, ß = -2.770, p = 0.02; women: r = 0.9896, r2 = 0.9793, ß = -2.4950, p = 0.07). The highest rates occur in the provinces of the center of the country. It predominates during the whole period in the male sex and represents on average 14% of the general mortality. Conclusions: Mortality due to EIC is in a phase of decline but the increase in obesity and overweight in the country threatens to slow down this trend, at least during the last five years.
Objetivo: Actualizar algunos aspectos importantes de la epidemiología descriptiva de la enfermedad isquémica del corazón (EIC) en Costa Rica durante el periodo 1970-2014. Métodos: Se obtuvieron las tasas de mortalidad por EIC en dos periodos. De 1930 al año 1969 y luego, para un análisis más específico, de 1970 al 2014, utilizando promedios móviles y quinquenios, a partir de datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y del Centro Centroamericano de Población, para analizarlos en relación con edad, sexo, ubicación geográfica y aporte porcentual a la mortalidad general. También se obtuvo información para determinar la carga de la enfermedad, en este caso mediante años de vida ajustados por discapacidad, años de vida perdidos y años de vida perdidos por discapacidad. Resultados: Se apreció ascenso de las tasas en la población general y con mayor empuje en la población de 35 a 74 años, hasta el quinquenio 1995-1999, a partir del cual se inicia un descenso que aparentemente se detiene durante el quinquenio 2010-2014 (ambos sexos: r = 0.9964, r2= 0.9928, b = 2.4950, p = 0.04; hombres: r = 0.9994, r2= 0.9988, b = 2.770, p = 0.02; mujeres: r = 0.9896, r2 = 0.9793, b = 2.4950, p = 0.07). Las tasas más altas se presentan en las provincias del centro del país. Predomina durante todo el periodo en el sexo masculino y representa en promedio el 14% de la mortalidad general. Conclusión: La mortalidad por EIC está en fase de disminución, pero el aumento de la obesidad y el sobrepeso en el país amenaza con frenar dicha tendencia, al menos durante el último quinquenio.
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Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Adulto , Anciano , Costa Rica/epidemiología , Estudios Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to analyze the mortality trend due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) among older adults, identify changes in the trend and determine the correlation with influenza vaccine coverage (2000 to 2012) in the state of São Paulo between 1980 and 2012. An ecological time series study was conducted involving secondary data from Brazilian information systems. Linear and polynomial regression models as well as joinpoint regression were used to estimate the trends. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between age-standardized mortality coefficients and vaccine coverage. A decreasing tendency in mortality due to IHD occurred in both sexes, higher mortality rates were found for males and greater reductions were found in the period after the vaccination campaigns. However, no statistically significant changes occurred in the year coinciding with or near the onset of the campaigns. In the overall sample, no evidence of a linear correlation was found between the mortality coefficients and vaccination coverage. Other factors directly associated with morbidity and mortality due to ischemic heart disease may have influenced the trend.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra la Influenza/administración & dosificación , Gripe Humana/prevención & control , Isquemia Miocárdica/epidemiología , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Factores Sexuales , Cobertura de Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
RESUMEN Introducción: la diabetes mellitus es un trastorno metabólico caracterizado por hiperglucemia crónica con alteraciones en los carbohidratos, grasas y proteínas. Las tasas de morbimortalidad han aumentado al igual que la obesidad, constituye un problema de salud en el mundo, Cuba y la provincia de Matanzas. Objetivo: realizar una caracterización clínica epidemiológica de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en dos áreas de salud, conocer las variables e identificar las barreras para una posterior intervención. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo- transversal a 750 diabéticos tipo 2 mayores de 18 años en dos áreas de salud. Se realizaron encuestas, procesándose en el programa Epi-Info, obteniéndose la frecuencia de las variables, y las diferencias estadísticas significativas entre variables de las dos aéreas de salud, utilizándose el valor de p < 0,05 % y el Chi2. Resultados: el promedio de edad fue de 62,2 años, predominio del sexo femenino y color de la piel blanca. La hipertensión arterial y la obesidad fueron las enfermedades más asociadas, y el tabaquismo, la ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas y azucaradas, y la no realización de ejercicios físicos fueron los factores asociados más relevantes. Los medicamentos más utilizados fueron la glibenclamida y la metformina. Conclusiones: la diabetes mellitus es la primera causa de fracaso renal en el mundo occidental, siendo la insuficiencia renal una de las complicaciones crónicas más graves de esta enfermedad. Entre las principales causas de muerte de esta enfermedad son las complicaciones macrovasculares, manifestadas clínicamente como cardiopatía isquémica, insuficiencia cardíaca, la enfermedad vascular cerebral y la insuficiencia arterial periférica.
ABSTRACT Introduction: diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with alterations in carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Morbi-mortality rates have increased as have done obesity, being a health problem in the world, Cuba and the province of Matanzas. Objective: to carry out clinical-epidemiological characterization of type 2 diabetes mellitus in two health areas, knowing the variables and identifying the barriers for a subsequent intervention. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 750 type-2 diabetic patients over 18 years in two health areas. Surveys were made and processed in Epi-Info program, showing significant statistic differences among variables of both health areas; p < 0,05 % value and Chi2 were used. Results: the average age was 62.2 years, predominating female sex and white skin color. The most commonly associated diseases were arterial hypertension and obesity; smoking and drinking alcoholic and sugar-sweetened beverages and sedentary life were the most relevant associated factors. The most commonly used medications were glibenclamide and metformin. Conclusions: diabetes is the first cause of renal failure in the Western world, being renal insufficiency one of the most serious chronic complications of this disease. The main causes of death of this disease are macro vascular complications clinically manifested as ischemic heart disease, heart failure, cerebra-vascular disease and peripheral arterial insufficiency.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adulto , Factores de Riesgo , Gliburida/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/etiología , Diabetes Mellitus/mortalidad , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Metformina/uso terapéutico , Tabaquismo/diagnóstico , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Transversales , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Accidente Cerebrovascular/mortalidad , Alcoholismo/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Renal/complicaciones , Conducta Sedentaria , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/mortalidad , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/mortalidad , Hipertensión/diagnóstico , Obesidad/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Abstract Objective: To evaluate whether there is any difference on the results of patients treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the setting of ischemic heart failure (HF). Methods: Databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register [CENTRAL/CCTR], ClinicalTrials.gov, Scientific Electronic Library Online [SciELO], Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde [LILACS], and Google Scholar) were searched for studies published until February 2019. Main outcomes of interest were mortality, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and stroke. Results: The search yielded 5,775 studies for inclusion. Of these, 20 articles were analyzed, and their data were extracted. The total number of patients included was 54,173, and those underwent CABG (N=29,075) or PCI (N=25098). The hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality (HR 0.763; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.678-0.859; P<0.001), myocardial infarction (HR 0.481; 95% CI 0.365-0.633; P<0.001), and repeat revascularization (HR 0.321; 95% CI 0.241-0.428; P<0.001) were lower in the CABG group than in the PCI group. The HR for stroke showed no statistically significant difference between the groups (random effect model: HR 0.879; 95% CI 0.625-1.237; P=0.459). Conclusion: This meta-analysis found that CABG surgery remains the best option for patients with ischemic HF, without increase in the risk of stroke.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Puente de Arteria Coronaria/mortalidad , Isquemia Miocárdica/cirugía , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/mortalidad , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/mortalidad , Brasil/epidemiología , Literatura de Revisión como Asunto , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Puente de Arteria Coronaria/efectos adversos , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Resultado del Tratamiento , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia , Accidente Cerebrovascular/mortalidad , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Abstract The aim of the present study was to analyze the mortality trend due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) among older adults, identify changes in the trend and determine the correlation with influenza vaccine coverage (2000 to 2012) in the state of São Paulo between 1980 and 2012. An ecological time series study was conducted involving secondary data from Brazilian information systems. Linear and polynomial regression models as well as joinpoint regression were used to estimate the trends. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between age-standardized mortality coefficients and vaccine coverage. A decreasing tendency in mortality due to IHD occurred in both sexes, higher mortality rates were found for males and greater reductions were found in the period after the vaccination campaigns. However, no statistically significant changes occurred in the year coinciding with or near the onset of the campaigns. In the overall sample, no evidence of a linear correlation was found between the mortality coefficients and vaccination coverage. Other factors directly associated with morbidity and mortality due to ischemic heart disease may have influenced the trend.
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a tendência dos coeficientes de mortalidade por doenças isquêmicas do coração (DIC) nos idosos no estado de São Paulo, entre 1980 e 2012, identificar mudanças na tendência e verificar a relação entre as coberturas da vacinação contra influenza e os referidos coeficientes de mortalidade. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de série temporal, realizado com dados secundários do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM), do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e do Sistema de Informações do Programa Nacional de Imunização. Para análise dos dados, utilizaram-se técnicas de correlação, modelos de regressão linear, polinomial e joinpoint regression. Observou-se tendência de queda dos coeficientes de mortalidade por DIC em ambos os sexos, sobremortalidade masculina e redução mais expressiva dos coeficientes no período após a intervenção vacinal. As mudanças estatisticamente significativas encontradas nas tendências não ocorreram em ano coincidente ou próximo do início das campanhas. Para o total de idosos, não foi constatada correlação linear entre os coeficientes de mortalidade e as coberturas vacinais. Outros fatores associados à morbimortalidade dos idosos por DIC podem ter influenciado na tendência.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Vacunas contra la Influenza/administración & dosificación , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Isquemia Miocárdica/epidemiología , Gripe Humana/prevención & control , Brasil/epidemiología , Factores Sexuales , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Cobertura de Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To report our center's experience in the surgical treatment of ventricular reconstruction, an effective and efficient technique that allows patients with end-stage heart failure of ischemic etiology to have clinical improvement and increased survival. METHODS: Observational, clinical-surgical, sequential, retrospective study. Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular aneurysm were attended at the Heart Failure, Ventricular Dysfunction and Cardiac Transplant outpatient clinic of the Dante Pazzanese Cardiology Institute, from January 2010 to December 2016. Data from 34 patients were collected, including systemic arterial hypertension, ejection fraction, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification (FC), European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) II value, Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score, ventricular reconstruction technique, and survival. RESULTS: Overall mortality of 14.7%, with hospital admission being 8.82% and late death being 5.88%. Total survival rate at five years of 85.3%. In the preoperative phase, NYHA FC was Class I in five patients, II in 18, III in eight, and IV in three vs. NYHA FC Class I in 17 patients, II in eight, III in six, and IV in three, in the postoperative period. EuroSCORE II mean value was 6.29, P≤0.01; hazard ratio (HR) 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.31). STS mortality/morbidity score mean value was 18.14, P≤0.004; HR 1.19 (95% CI 1.05-1.33). Surgical techniques showed no difference in survival among Dor 81% vs. Jatene 91.7%. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of left ventricular reconstruction in candidates for heart transplantation is effective, efficient, and safe, providing adequate survival.
Asunto(s)
Cardiomiopatías/cirugía , Aneurisma Cardíaco/cirugía , Trasplante de Corazón/métodos , Ventrículos Cardíacos/cirugía , Isquemia Miocárdica/cirugía , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Anciano , Cardiomiopatías/mortalidad , Femenino , Aneurisma Cardíaco/mortalidad , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/mortalidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Volumen Sistólico , Tasa de Supervivencia , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Resumen Objetivo: Actualizar algunos aspectos importantes de la epidemiología descriptiva de la enfermedad isquémica del corazón (EIC) en Costa Rica durante el periodo 1970-2014. Métodos: Se obtuvieron las tasas de mortalidad por EIC en dos periodos. De 1930 al año 1969 y luego, para un análisis más específico, de 1970 al 2014, utilizando promedios móviles y quinquenios, a partir de datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y del Centro Centroamericano de Población, para analizarlos en relación con edad, sexo, ubicación geográfica y aporte porcentual a la mortalidad general. También se obtuvo información para determinar la carga de la enfermedad, en este caso mediante años de vida ajustados por discapacidad, años de vida perdidos y años de vida perdidos por discapacidad. Resultados: Se apreció ascenso de las tasas en la población general y con mayor empuje en la población de 35 a 74 años, hasta el quinquenio 1995-1999, a partir del cual se inicia un descenso que aparentemente se detiene durante el quinquenio 2010-2014 (ambos sexos: r = 0.9964, r2 = 0.9928, β = —2.4950, p = 0.04; hombres: r = 0.9994, r2 = 0.9988, β = —2.770, p = 0.02; mujeres: r = 0.9896, r2 = 0.9793, β = —2.4950, p = 0.07). Las tasas más altas se presentan en las provincias del centro del país. Predomina durante todo el periodo en el sexo masculino y representa en promedio el 14% de la mortalidad general. Conclusión: La mortalidad por EIC está en fase de disminución, pero el aumento de la obesidad y el sobrepeso en el país amenaza con frenar dicha tendencia, al menos durante el último quinquenio.
Abstract Objective: To update some important aspects of the descriptive epidemiology of ischemic heart (EIC) disease in Costa Rica during the period 1970-2014. Methods: EIC death rates were obtained in two periods: from 1930 to 1969 and then, for a more specific analysis, from 1970 to 2014, using moving and five-year averages, based on data from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística and the Centro Centroamericano de Población, to analyze them according to age, sex, geographical location and percentage contribution to the general mortality. Information was also obtained to determine the burden of the disease, in this case through Years of Adjusted Life for Disability, Years of Life Lost and Years of Life lost due to Disability. Results: There was a rise in rates in the general population, with greater momentum in the population from 35 to 74 years, up to the five-year period 1995-1999, after which a decline began that apparently stopped during the five-year period 2010-2014 (both sexes: r = 0.9964, r2 = 0.9928, β = -2.4950, p 0.04; men: r = 0.9994, r2 = 0.9988, β = -2.770, p = 0.02; women: r = 0.9896, r2 = 0.9793, β = -2.4950, p = 0.07). The highest rates occur in the provinces of the center of the country. It predominates during the whole period in the male sex and represents on average 14% of the general mortality. Conclusions: Mortality due to EIC is in a phase of decline but the increase in obesity and overweight in the country threatens to slow down this trend, at least during the last five years.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Factores de Tiempo , Estudios Epidemiológicos , Costa Rica/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
RESUMEN El control de la hipertensión arterial resulta la medida más efectiva para lograr disminuir la mortalidad total. Una propuesta de actualidad para alcanzar ese propósito es la implementación de regímenes de tratamiento estandarizados, asociados a la prevención secundaria de la cardiopatía isquémica. En este sentido es importante el acceso del paciente a los medicamentos, el trabajo en equipo y la vigilancia del control de la presión arterial y del progreso de los pacientes que reciben el tratamiento, para ello el monitoreo y la evaluación son elementos fundamentales (AU).
ABSTRACT The arterial hypertension control is the most effective measure to reach the decrease of the total mortality. A current proposal to reach this goal is the implementation of standardized treatment regimes, associated to the secondary prevention of the ischemic heart disease. In this sense it is important the access of the patient to the medicines, the team work and the surveillance of the arterial pressure control and the progress of the patients receiving treatment, for what monitoring and assessment are main elements (AU).
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Planes y Programas de Salud , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Isquemia Miocárdica/prevención & control , Hipertensión/mortalidad , Hipertensión/prevención & control , Artículo de RevistaRESUMEN
RESUMEN El control de la hipertensión arterial resulta la medida más efectiva para lograr disminuir la mortalidad total. Una propuesta de actualidad para alcanzar ese propósito es la implementación de regímenes de tratamiento estandarizados, asociados a la prevención secundaria de la cardiopatía isquémica. En este sentido es importante el acceso del paciente a los medicamentos, el trabajo en equipo y la vigilancia del control de la presión arterial y del progreso de los pacientes que reciben el tratamiento, para ello el monitoreo y la evaluación son elementos fundamentales.
ABSTRACT The arterial hypertension control is the most effective measure to reach the decrease of the total mortality. A current proposal to reach this goal is the implementation of standardized treatment regimes, associated to the secondary prevention of the ischemic heart disease. In this sense it is important the access of the patient to the medicines, the team work and the surveillance of the arterial pressure control and the progress of the patients receiving treatment, for what monitoring and assessment are main elements.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Planes y Programas de Salud , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Isquemia Miocárdica/prevención & control , Hipertensión/mortalidad , Hipertensión/prevención & control , Artículo de RevistaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. AIM: To analyze the evolution of mortality by IHD in Ecuador, from 2001 to 2016. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of Ecuador death registries elaborated by the National Statistics and Census Institute. Specific and age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated for the 2001-2016 period in Ecuador. The annual percent change (APC) and the average annual percent change (AAPC) were estimated. Changes in trends were located through joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS: From 2001 to 2016 there were 46,133 deaths due to IHD in Ecuador, of which 60% (n = 27,489) corresponded to men. In the joinpoint regression analysis, the crude mortality rates for IHD reported an increase in the AAPC of 4.0% (2001-2016, 95% CI: 1.5 - 6.6). Rates adjusted for age increased with an AAPC of 3.2% (2001-2016, 95% CI: 0.7 - 5.8). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality due to ischemic heart disease increased in Ecuador in the period 2001-2016. Two marked periods were observed, one with a decrease followed by a significant increase, in both sexes and all age groups.