RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although limited, there is some evidence that certain physical punishments may vary by household religion. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether parent disciplinary behavior varies by religious affiliation in two countries which have large, diverse religious groups. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for Suriname (2018) and Guyana (2019-20), which contain nationally representative household samples, were used. The study was restricted to the three most prevalent religious groups: Christians, Hindus, and Muslims. METHODS: Adult responses to a standardized survey that included questions about use of disciplinary behaviors in the household towards children (aged 1-14 years) were examined in relation to religious affiliation of the head-of-household and multiple covariates. RESULTS: Of the 3518 Suriname households, 62.4 %, 23.3 % and 14.3 % were Christians, Hindus, and Muslims, respectively. Compared to Christians, children in both Hindu and Muslim households had significantly lower odds of being hit with an object in adjusted logistic regression models. However, only Hindus had lower odds of being spanked and Muslims lower odds of exposure to a combined physical and non-physical practice, compared to Christians. Of the 2535 Guyana households, 69.5 %, 23.5 % and 7.0 % were Christians, Hindus, and Muslims, respectively. Children in Hindu, but not Muslim households, had significantly lower odds of being spanked, hit with an object, and exposed to a combine practice in adjusted models compared to Christians. CONCLUSIONS: Partial support was found for a potential influence of religion on some disciplinary behaviors. Further investigation is warranted to identify possible conditions and mechanisms.
Asunto(s)
Castigo , Humanos , Guyana , Niño , Suriname/etnología , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Preescolar , Adulto , Lactante , Castigo/psicología , Islamismo/psicología , Cristianismo , Religión , Padres/psicología , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , HinduismoRESUMEN
This research investigates discrimination against suspected Islamic terrorists based on tolerance for the use of torture. This research is justified by the need to identify how intergroup and ideological factors combine to express discrimination. Two experimental studies were conducted with a between-subjects design. Study 1 (N = 282) analysed the terrorist threat against the ingroup and the nationality of torturers with respect to support for torture against suspected Islamic terrorists. Study 2 (N = 165) analysed the interaction among terrorist threat against the ingroup and perceived threat (realistic and symbolic) as moderators in the relationship between RWA and discrimination. Study 1 indicated that support for torture was greater when the victims of terrorist acts and the torturers belonged to the ingroup. Study 2 indicated that the perceived threat encourages support for the use of torture, regardless of the levels of RWA. Taken together, these results elucidate the psychosocial processes that are present in the hostility towards social minorities from predominantly Muslim countries and in the strengthening of xenophobic political positions.
Asunto(s)
Autoritarismo , Islamismo , Terrorismo , Tortura , Humanos , Tortura/psicología , Islamismo/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Terrorismo/psicología , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Xenofobia/psicología , Prejuicio , Adolescente , Identificación SocialRESUMEN
Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar em profundidade as experiências de adolescentes turcos vivendo com ostomia. Métodos Este é um estudo fenomenológico hermenêutico qualitativo. A população do estudo foi composta por 11 adolescentes ostomizados da Turquia, com idades entre 12 e 21 anos. Os adolescentes participaram de entrevistas semiestruturadas com perguntas abertas sobre suas experiências com a ostomia. Os dados foram coletados entre janeiro e maio de 2019. Resultados Quarenta e seis afirmações significativas foram extraídas e agrupadas em sete temas. Os temas foram: desconforto, ocultação da ostomia, imagem corporal alterada, ambiente social protetor, experiências de oração, problemas vivenciados com a bolsa de colostomia e cuidados com ela, planos futuros alterados. Conclusão Os resultados do estudo identificaram uma série de desafios na vida dos adolescentes com ostomia. Os resultados podem ser úteis para os profissionais de saúde apoiarem seus pacientes adolescentes com ostomia. Além disso, esses achados podem servir de base para a realização de estudos futuros para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos adolescentes ostomizados.
Resumen Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue el de investigar en profundidad las experiencias de adolescentes turcos que viven con ostomía. Métodos Este es un estudio fenomenológico hermenéutico cualitativo. La población objeto del estudio estuvo compuesta por 11 adolescentes ostomizados de Turquía, con edades entre los 12 y los 21 años. Los adolescentes participaron de entrevistas semiestructuradas con preguntas abiertas sobre sus experiencias con la ostomía. Los datos fueron recopilados entre enero y mayo de 2019. Resultados Cuarenta y seis afirmaciones significativas fueron extraídas y agrupadas en siete temas. Los temas fueron: incomodidad, ocultación de la ostomía, imagen corporal alterada, ambiente social protector, experiencias de oración, problemas vividos con la bolsa de colostomía y sus cuidados, planes futuros alterados. Conclusión Los resultados del estudio identificaron una serie de desafíos en la vida de los adolescentes con ostomía. Los resultados pueden ser de utilidad para que los profesionales de salud les brinden apoyo a sus pacientes adolescentes con ostomía. Además, esos hallazgos pueden servir de base para la realización de estudios futuros para la mejora de la calidad de vida de los adolescentes ostomizados.
Abstract Objective This study's purpose was to investigate the experiences of Turkish adolescents with stoma in greater depth. Methods This is qualitative, hermeneutic phenomenological study. The study population consisted of 11 adolescents with stoma aged 12-21 years, in Turkey. Adolescents took part in semi-structured interviews consisting of open-ended questions about their experiences about stoma. Data were collected between January-May 2019. Results Forty-six significant statements were extracted and clustered in seven themes. The themes were, discomfort, concealing the stoma, changed body image, protective social environment, praying experiences, experienced problems about stoma bag and stoma care, altered future plans. Conclusions The findings of the study identified a number of challenges in the life for adolescent with ostomy. The results can be helpful for the health care providers to support their adolescent patients with ostomy. In addition, these findings can be base data to conduct future studies to improve quality of life of the adolescents with ostomy.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Calidad de Vida , Estomía/psicología , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Turquía , Entrevistas como Asunto , Hermenéutica , Islamismo/psicologíaRESUMEN
Resumen Este trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental analizar la ansiedad y el rendimiento académico, sus tipos y niveles en función de edad, género, cultura y estrato socioeconómico, así como contemplar las relaciones entre ambas. Se contó con 811 participantes. El 71.6% de la muestra eran musulmanes, mientras que el 28.4% eran cristianos; el 46.1% hombres y el 53.9% mujeres. Como instrumentos de evaluación se empleó el STAIC (Spielberger, 2001) y las calificaciones del alumnado. Se reflejan niveles medio-bajos en ansiedad y medios en rendimiento académico. En la ansiedad influyen edad, género, cultura/religión y estatus socio-económico-cultural. Sobre el rendimiento actúan la edad, la cultura y el estatus. No se halló relación estadísticamente significativa entre ansiedad y rendimiento académico.
Abstract The main objective of this paper is to analyze the types and levels of Anxiety and Academic Achievement according to age, gender, culture and socioeconomic and cultural, as well as the relationships between both variables. We focused on 811 participants 71.6% of whom were Muslims and 28.4% Christian; 46.1% male and 53.9% female. The techniques used in this survey were the STAIC (Spielberger, 2001) as well as the students' grades. The results reflect medium-low levels in Anxiety and medium levels in Achievement. Anxiety is influenced by age, gender, culture and status. Academic Achievement is influenced by age, culture and socioeconomic and cultural. There is no statistically significant relationship between Anxiety and Achievement, except in Mathematics, increasing as the Anxiety scores are lower.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ansiedad/psicología , Padres/psicología , Estudiantes/psicología , Cristianismo/psicología , Docentes/psicología , Rendimiento Académico/psicología , Regulación Emocional , Islamismo/psicología , EspañaAsunto(s)
Ética Médica , Psiquiatría Militar/ética , Psiquiatría Militar/tendencias , Rol del Médico/psicología , Guerra/ética , Adulto , Cuba , Testimonio de Experto/ética , Testimonio de Experto/legislación & jurisprudencia , Humanos , Entrevista Psicológica , Islamismo/psicología , Masculino , Política , Prisioneros/psicología , Política Pública , Terrorismo/ética , Terrorismo/legislación & jurisprudencia , Terrorismo/psicología , Tortura/ética , Tortura/legislación & jurisprudencia , Tortura/psicología , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
A prospective patient in an experimental trial on immunotherapy for warts that I was performing was Palestinian. I advised him that I was Jewish, because I feared his reaction in the domain of an experimental therapeutic trial. The patient rhetorically asked whether I was a physician. If so, no problems should exist. He was admitted to the trial and healed. Reason and common interest may vanquish fear and mistrust. Can this teaching be applied to the Middle East situation? Hatred would have to be defeated first.
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Inmunoterapia , Islamismo/psicología , Judíos/psicología , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , Religión y Medicina , Verrugas/terapia , Humanos , Medio OrienteRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: We compared the evolution of perception of discrimination from 1998 to 2007 among recent Arab (Muslim and non-Muslim) and Haitian immigrants to Montreal; we also studied the association between perception of discrimination and psychological distress in 1998 and 2007. METHODS: We conducted this cross-sectional comparative research with 2 samples: one recruited in 1998 (n = 784) and the other in 2007 (n = 432). The samples were randomly extracted from the registry of the Ministry of Immigration and Cultural Communities of Quebec. Psychological distress was measured with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25. RESULTS: The perception of discrimination increased from 1998 to 2007 among the Arab Muslim, Arab non-Muslim, and Haitian groups. Muslim Arabs experienced a significant increase in psychological distress associated with discrimination from 1998 to 2007. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm an increase in perception of discrimination and psychological distress among Arab Muslim recent immigrant communities after September 11, 2001, and highlight the importance this context may have for other immigrant groups.
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Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Prejuicio , Ataques Terroristas del 11 de Septiembre/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/etiología , Adulto , Árabes/psicología , Lista de Verificación , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Estudios Transversales , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Haití/etnología , Humanos , Islamismo/psicología , Masculino , Quebec/epidemiología , Análisis de Regresión , Ataques Terroristas del 11 de Septiembre/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Socioeconómicos , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Depressive patients may derive consolation as well as struggle from their religion. Outside the Western-Christian cultures these phenomena did not receive much empirical exploration. The current study aims to describe how positive and negative religious coping strategies relate to depressive symptoms in different ethnic groups in The Netherlands. METHODS: Interview data were derived from the second phase of the Amsterdam Health Monitor, a population based survey, with stratification for ethnicity (native Dutch N=309, Moroccan 180, Turkish 202, Surinamese/Antillean 85). Religious coping was assessed using a 10-item version of Pargament's Brief RCOPE; depression assessment included the SCL-90-R and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: The five positive religious coping items constituted one sub-scale, but the five negative religious coping items had to be examined as representing separate coping strategies. Across the ethnic groups, negative religious coping strategies had several positive associations with depressive symptoms, subthreshold depression, and major depressive disorder: the most robust association was found for the item 'wondered whether God has abandoned me'. Other significant associations were found for interpreting situations as punishment by God, questioning whether God exists, and expressing anger to God. LIMITATIONS: Due to the two-phase design and low participation in this urban sample, the non-response was substantial. Therefore, the study focused on associations, not on prevalences. CONCLUSION: The more or less universal finding about 'feeling abandoned by God' may suggest how depression represents an existential void, irrespective of the religious background.
Asunto(s)
Cristianismo/psicología , Comparación Transcultural , Trastorno Depresivo/etnología , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Etnicidad/psicología , Islamismo/psicología , Religión y Psicología , Población Urbana , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Marruecos/etnología , Países Bajos , Antillas Holandesas/etnología , Inventario de Personalidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Psicometría/estadística & datos numéricos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Suriname/etnología , Traducción , Turquía/etnología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare across cultures the maternal reactions toward the birth of children with cleft lip and/or palate. DESIGN: An adaptation of When My Child Was Born, a Likert-type scale designed to assess reactions to the birth of a child, was used to survey the target populations. SETTING: The surveys were administered between February 2006 and February 2008 at four hospitals: the Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Sappasitprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; the No. 5 Affiliated Hospital to Xinjiang Medical College, Urumqi, China; and Santa Monica Hospital,Pereira, Colombia. PARTICIPANTS: Thai (n = 22), Chinese (n = 25), Uygur (n = 15), and Colombian (n= 36) biological mothers completed the survey. A historical cohort of American mothers (n = 99) was used for comparison. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The primary study outcome measure was the mean maternal affect score, which was calculated from the individual responses of study participants. RESULTS: The mean maternal affect scores for the Thai, Chinese, Uygur, and Colombian mothers were 3.68 6 0.38, 2.97 6 0.52, 3.40 6 0.47, and 3.51 6 0.61,respectively. The American cohort score was 3.44 6 0.67. Analysis of variance testing indicated that these groups were not equal (p , .0001). There were statistically significant differences between groups (p , .05). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal reactions to the birth of cleft children are different across cultures. These differences must be considered when administering care on international surgical missions.
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Actitud Frente a la Salud , Labio Leporino/etnología , Fisura del Paladar/etnología , Comparación Transcultural , Etnicidad/psicología , Madres/psicología , Afecto , Ansiedad/etnología , Ansiedad/psicología , China/etnología , Labio Leporino/psicología , Fisura del Paladar/psicología , Estudios de Cohortes , Colombia , Humanos , Islamismo/psicología , Relaciones Madre-Hijo , Salud Rural , Clase Social , Salud Suburbana , Tailandia , Estados Unidos , Salud UrbanaRESUMEN
AIM: To describe some of the factors that act as barriers to effective uptake of breast and cervical cancer screening services among black minority ethnic (BME) groups living in Brent and Harrow in the UK. DESIGN: A series of focus groups among African Caribbean, African, Gujarati, Pakistani, Greek and Arabic groups were held to discover their perceptions of cancer screening, the barriers to effective uptake and some strategies for intervention. SAMPLE: This consisted of 135 participants: 85 women and 50 men. RESULTS: Analysis of focus group data has revealed poor knowledge, underlying health and cultural beliefs, attitudes, language and unhelpful attitudes of health professionals to be important barriers. In terms of strategies for effective intervention, the most popular strategy for improving uptake of screening services was community-based cancer awareness education that is sensitive to religious and cultural needs. CONCLUSION: There is a need to provide community-based education to increase the uptake of screening services among BME groups. It is essential to plan concurrently to educate GPs and other health professionals in cultural beliefs and customs, language needs, racial awareness and communication skills.