Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico , Autoanticuerpos/uso terapéutico , Hiperalgesia/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Fosfatidilcolinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Aldehídos/farmacología , Analgésicos/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/farmacología , Autoanticuerpos/farmacología , Capsaicina/farmacología , Ganglios Espinales , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Irritantes/farmacología , Irritantes/orina , Isotiocianatos/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Oxidación-Reducción , Fosfatidilcolinas/inmunología , Fosfatidilcolinas/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Canal Catiónico TRPA1/agonistas , Canal Catiónico TRPA1/fisiología , Canales Catiónicos TRPV/agonistas , Canales Catiónicos TRPV/fisiologíaRESUMEN
A sensitive screening method based on fast liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (RSLC-MS-MS) has shown the feasibility of separation and detection of low concentration ß-lyase metabolites of sulfur mustard and of nerve agent phosphonic acids in urine. The analysis of these compounds is of interest because they are specific metabolites of the chemical warfare agents (CWAs), sulfur mustard (HD), sarin (GB), soman (GD), VX and Russian VX (RVX). The 'dilute-and-shoot' RSLC-MS-MS method provides a sensitive and direct approach for determining CWA exposure in non-extracted non-derivatized samples from urine. Chromatographic separation of the metabolites was achieved using a reverse phase column with gradient mobile phases consisting of 0.5% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. Identification and quantification of species were achieved using electrospray ionization-tandem mass-spectrometry monitoring two precursor-to-product ion transitions for each compound. The method demonstrates linearity over at least two orders of magnitude and had detection limits of 0.5 ng/mL in urine.
Asunto(s)
Sustancias para la Guerra Química/análisis , Irritantes/orina , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Cromatografía Liquida , Humanos , Límite de Detección , Gas Mostaza/análisis , Compuestos Organotiofosforados/orina , Control de Calidad , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Routine paper chromatographic screening of the urine of racing greyhounds exposed to BIGELOIL, a veterinary counter-irritant, revealed metabolites suggestive of menthol, an ingredient of BIGELOIL. To determine whether BIGELOIL use caused these metabolites, 2 Dalmatian dogs were exposed to BIGELOIL. Thin-layer chromatographic screening of their urine confirmed that exposure to BIGELOIL by either dermal or oral routes causes the same metabolites as those observed in the racing greyhounds. Metabolites suggestive of thymol were also present in some samples. We conclude that, if metabolites suggestive of menthol are detected in urine of animal athletes, further analysis for the other performance-affecting ingredients of BIGELOIL should be undertaken.
Asunto(s)
Medicina Legal/métodos , Irritantes/orina , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/veterinaria , Administración Cutánea , Administración Oral , Animales , Cromatografía en Papel , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Decepción , Perros , Irritantes/farmacología , Masculino , Mentol/orina , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodosRESUMEN
Since fuel oil ash contains vanadium (V), the measurement of urinary levels of V may provide a biological marker in workers exposed to fuel oil ash. The usefulness of urine V samples as a biological monitoring tool ultimately depends on determining the appropriate time of sampling relative to when exposure occurs. Twenty boilermakers were studied during the overhaul of a large oil-fired boiler. A total of 117 urine samples were collected, 65 start-of-shift (S-O-S) and 52 end-of-shift (E-O-S) samples. Air V exposures were estimated with personal sampling devices and work history diaries. Air V concentrations ranged from 0.36 to 32.19 micrograms V/m3, with a mean +/- SD of 19.1 +/- 10.7, and a median of 18.5. On the first day of work on the overhaul, the V urine levels at the E-O-S (mean +/- SD were 1.53 +/- 0.53, median was 1.52 mg V/g creatinine) were significantly higher than those at the S-O-S (0.87 +/- 0.32, median was 0.83), P = 0.004. However, the V concentrations of the S-O-S urine samples on the last Monday of the study were not significantly different from the S-O-S urine levels on the previous Saturday, a time interval of about 38 hr between the end of exposure and sample collection. The Spearman correlation coefficient (r) between the S-O-S urine V and the workplace concentration of V dust during the previous day was r = 0.35. In summary, the results suggest a rapid initial clearance of V (elevating the E-O-S V concentration on the first day of work relative to the S-O-S concentration), followed by a slow clearance that is not complete 38 hr after the end of exposure, as evidenced by the Monday morning urine V concentrations. The Spearman correlations suggest that the S-O-S urine is preferred to the E-O-S urine for across-shift biological monitoring of V exposure.