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The aim of this study was to identify and describe the characteristics of coronavirus (COVID-19)-disease related dental research in Brazil presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Division of the International Association for Dental Research (SBPqO). A search was carried out in the proceedings of the meeting to retrieve all abstracts. Those containing the term "COVID-19" in titles, abstracts, or keywords, and/or those of which the scope approached a COVID-19-related topic were included. The variables extracted from abstracts were: presenter category, field of study, design, data collection method, population, affiliation, and authors' gender. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used, with a significance level of α = 0.05. The search retrieved 185 abstracts, 5 did not meet study eligibility criteria and were excluded. COVID-19-related research was presented by either aspiring/associate members (67.8%) or beginner members (32.2%). Data collection methods were predominantly digitally mediated (65%), followed by secondary data use (25%), and in-person data collection (7.2%). Irrespective of the role of authorship, there were a ratio of two female authors to each male. Among the last authors, the ratio was three females to each male. Female lead authors more frequently came from the Southeast region (71.8%; p = 0.470). There was an association between presenter category and study design (p = 0.012), clinical and epidemiological studies were more concentrated among experienced presenters. In conclusion, female dental researchers affiliated to southeastern institutions approached the topic of pandemic more frequently than male colleagues. The use of digital technology for data collection may have long-lasting impacts on the teaching and publication of dental research.

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The dental industry is heavily committed to developing more esthetic solutions for orthodontic treatments. Invisalign is a system of transparent orthodontic aligners introduced as an alternative to conventional orthodontic fittings with brackets and metal wires. This study aimed to assess the chemical, physical, mechanical and morphologic changes in these polymeric aligners after exposure to the oral environment. Twenty-four Invisalign orthodontic aligners were equally divided into 2 groups: an in vivo aged group in which patients used aligners for 14 days and the reference group, unexposed to the oral environment. Different experimental techniques were used to study the chemical structure, the color changes and translucency, the density and subsequent volume of the aligners, mechanical properties, surface roughness, morphology and elemental composition. The data were subjected to several statistical analyses. Clear orthodontic aligners exhibit chemical stability but undergo a statistically significant optical change in color and translucency. There was a gradual increase in the water absorption rate and the dimensional variation of the polymer, indicating a strong correlation among these factors. The mechanical properties of the polymer showed a statistically significant decrease in its elastic modulus and hardness. There was a slight tendency toward increased surface roughness of the material, but no statistical differences were found between reference and aged groups. The surface morphology of the used aligners demonstrates microcracks, distortions and biofilm formation. Intraoral aging adversely affected the physical, mechanical, and morphologic properties of the Invisalign appliance.

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Este estudoavaliouo perfil de pesquisa acadêmica do Curso de Odontologia do Centro Universitário Uninovafapi por meio da análise de todososTrabalhos de Conclusão de Curso (TCC)apresentados no período de 2014/1 a 2019/1. Trata-se de pesquisa documental de caráter exploratório realizada no repositório de TCC da instituição. Dos 267 TCC defendidos no período pesquisado, 262atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os resultados apontaram que anota média foi 9,3±0,9 pontos. Observou-se que a área mais escolhida pelos alunos foia Ortodontia (17,2%). Apenas 19(7,3%)foram publicados em periódicos científicos. Conclui-se que a Ortodontia é a especialidade que desperta maior interesse nos acadêmicos de Odontologia para escrita do seu trabalho de conclusão. Além disso, verificou-se a necessidadede reflexão do corpo docente e discente para a concretização de publicações cientificas ainda na graduação (AU).

This study analyzed the academic research profile of the Dentistry Course at UninovafapiUniversity Centre through the analysis of all monographs presented in the period from 2014.1 to 2019.1. This is an exploratory research carried out in institution's monograph repository. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed with Microsoft Excel®software. Of the 267 monographs, 262 were included. The results showed that mean grade was 9.3 ± 0.9 points. It was observed that the area most chosen by students is Orthodontics (17.2%). Only 19 were published in scientific journals. We conclude that Orthodontics is the specialty with the greatest interest. In addition, it is important for teaching staff and students to think about achieving scientific publications during the undergraduate course (AU).

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RESUMEN Introducción: las habilidades investigativas se insertan en la formación del profesional de estomatología como una de las dimensiones claves del proceso de formación. Objetivo: evaluar la percepción de los estudiantes acerca del estado actual de desarrollo de las habilidades investigativas en el ciclo clínico de la carrera de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, de corte transversal, en la que participaron 68 estudiantes de tercer a quinto año, durante la culminación del curso 2018-2019. Fueron seleccionados a través de un muestreo intencional. Se empleó un cuestionario de percepción del dominio de las habilidades relacionadas con el manejo de la información científica, el diseño y ejecución de investigaciones, y el análisis de situación de salud bucal. Resultados: los estudiantes reconocieron tener dominio de la habilidad para el manejo de la información científica y para el análisis de situación de salud bucal. Las acciones menos dominadas fueron la recopilación de información y el diseño de un perfil de proyecto de investigación. La Jornada Científica Estudiantil y el trabajo de curso fueron las vías más empleadas para la divulgación científica. Predominaron los obstáculos externos, seguidos de obstáculos asociados al propio dominio de la habilidad para el diseño y la ejecución de la investigación científica. Conclusión: los estudiantes del ciclo clínico de la carrera de Estomatología reconocen poseer un adecuado dominio de las habilidades investigativas, lo cual contribuye de modo satisfactorio a la formación profesional. No obstante, resulta necesario promover acciones educativas que tributen a las operaciones menos dominadas y estimulen la inserción estudiantil en proyectos de investigación para la sistematización de estas habilidades (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: research skills are inserted in the training of the stomatology professional as one of the key dimensions of the training process. Objective: to evaluate the perception of students about the current state of development of research skills in the clinical cycle of the pre-graduate studies of Stomatology of the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional research was carried out, involving 68 third to fifth year students, during the co a descriptive, cross-sectional research was carried out, involving 68 third to fifth year students, during the completion of the 2018-2019 course. They were chosen through intentional sampling. A perception questionnaire was used for the mastering skills related to the management of scientific information, the design and execution of research, and oral health situation analysis. Results: the students recognized to master the ability of handling scientific information and oral health situation analysis. Less mastered actions were the collection of information and the design of a research project profile. The Student Science Day and the course work were the most widely used ways for scientific dissemination. External difficulties predominated, followed by difficulties associated with the own mastery of the ability to design and execute scientific research. Conclusion: the students in the clinical cycle of the pre-grade studies of Stomatology recognize having an adequate mastery of research skills, which contributes satisfactorily to professional training. However, it is necessary to promote educational actions that contribute to the less dominated operations and stimulate the insertion of students in research projects for the systematization of these skills (AU).

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O estudo visou aplicar as Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) como suporte ao ensino no campo estágio em Odontologia através de um ambiente virtual de ensino (AVE) aberto, que atendesse às necessidades do estágio. Foi elaborado um sistema de avaliação que analisou os diversos aspectos da aprendizagem em campo. Foi implementado um portfólio de atividades como estratégia educativa no AVE e elaboradas categorias e critérios para sua análise. As ferramentas mais usadas no AVE foram o portfólio, o fórum de discussão e o diário de bordo, segundo a opinião dos estudantes. Aproximadamente 80% dos estudantes e 100% dos preceptores afirmaram que a inserção do AVE favoreceu o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. As ferramentas digitais criadas foram consideradas facilitadoras da aprendizagem pelos estudantes e preceptores avaliados. As TDIC contribuíam para a melhoria dos cursos de graduação, envolvendo de forma mais intensa alunos e professores, integrando-os às estratégias de comunicação, muitas vezes já tão utilizadas em contextos diversos fora da universidade. Foi possível caracterizar os estudantes analisados como sendo a maioria do sexo feminino, solteiros e sem filhos. Além disso, a maioria dos discentes somente estuda. Os estudantes avaliaram como positivo o desempenho dos preceptores. Não foram relatadas dificuldades vivenciadas pelos estudantes e preceptores com a utilização do AVE. O uso dessas tecnologias focou nos componentes curriculares do curso envolvidos, priorizando o acesso síncrono e assíncrono aos conteúdos, a autonomia dos discentes e a disseminação de uma cultura digital. A adequação das metodologias de ensino, permitiu melhorias no desempenho acadêmico dos alunos, professores e preceptores e estimulou o processo de educação permanente, facilitando o ensino-aprendizagem no Estágio em Odontologia (AU).

This study aimed to apply the Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT) as a support to the teaching in the training ground of Dentistry through an open virtual teaching environment (VTE), that meets the needs of the internship. An evaluation system has been developed that has analyzed many aspects of field learning. A portfolio of activities was implemented as an educational strategy in the VTE and categories and criteria for its analysis were elaborated. The most used tools in the VTE were the portfolio, the discussion forum and the logbook, according to the students' opinion. Approximately 80% of the students and 100% of the tutors stated that the insertion of the VTE favored the teachinglearning process. The digital tools created were considered to be learning facilitators by the evaluated students and tutors. DICT has contributed to the improvement of undergraduate courses, involving students and teachers more intensely, integrating them into communication strategies, often already used in diverse contexts outside the university. It was possible to characterize the analyzed students as being the majority female, single and childless. In addition, most students only study. The students evaluated the performance of the tutors as positive. No difficulties experienced by students and tutors with the use of the VTE were reported. The use of these technologies focused on the curricular componentes of the course involved, prioritizing synchronous and asynchronous access to content, student autonomy and the dissemination of a digital culture. The adequacy of teaching methodologies allowed for improvements in the academic performance of students, teachers and tutors and stimulated the process of permanent education, facilitating teaching-learning in the Internship in Dentistry (AU).

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RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio es describir las características de las instituciones y el equipo de investigación y docencia que imparten Odontología Legal (OL) a nivel pregrado en Chile. Estudio cualitativo realizado durante el 2017. Desde las páginas web institucionales de las universidades que imparten la carrera de odontología en Chile, se obtuvo información sobre el cuerpo docente del ramo de OL a nivel pregrado. Cuando la información no estuvo disponible, se solicitó vía correo electrónico. Se realizó una búsqueda de publicaciones chilenas sobre OL y Forense en las bases de datos Medline, SciELO, Lilacs y Cochrane, y se identificó aquellas realizadas por docentes ejerciendo en Chile. La asignatura de OL se imparte a nivel pregrado en 17 de las 21 universidades que imparten la carrera de Odontología, siendo un curso obligatorio en 16 de ellas, y electivo en una de ellas. De los 29 docentes que imparten el ramo a nivel pregrado en Chile, sólo tres tiene la especialidad de OL. Se encontraron sólo 28 publicaciones científicas en el área en los últimos diez años, cuya autoría corresponde a cinco de los docentes del ramo a nivel pregrado. En Chile, la docencia de OL, a nivel pregrado, es impartida mayoritariamente por cirujano-dentistas no especializados en el área, en concordancia con que la especialidad comenzó a impartirse en el año 2015. Es imperioso aumentar la investigación en OL entre los docentes, de manera de desarrollar el área a nivel universitario, aumentando el conocimiento en la disciplina y consolidándola como ciencia.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of the universities and the research and education teams imparting "Forensic Odontology" at undergraduate level in Chile. A qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted during 2017. Information was sought from the institutional websites of universities that impart Dentistry degrees. When the information was not available, it was requested via email to the respective authorities. A search was conducted to identify Chilean publications that deal with the topic of forensic dentistry, in the Medline, SciELO, Lilacs and Cochrane databases. Those authored or co-authored by academic(s) teaching in Chile were identified. "Forensic Odontology" is taught at undergraduate level in 17 of the 21 universities that impart the career of Dentistry in Chile, being mandatory in 16 of schools, and an elective in one of them. Of the 29 academics who teach the subject at undergraduate level in Chile, only three have the specialty of OL. Only 28 scientific publications in the area were found in the last ten years, whose authorships correspond to five academics in the field, teaching at undergraduate level. In Chile, "Forensic Odontology" at the undergraduate level, is mainly imparted by dental surgeons not specialized in the subject, in accordance with the fact that the specialty began to be taught in Chile only in 2015. It is imperative to increase the amount of research in forensic odontology conducted by the academics, in order to develop the area at the university level, to improve knowledge in this discipline and consolidate it as a science.

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Buscou-se analisar a produção científica do curso de graduação em Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, por meio do levantamento dos Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso realizados nos primeiros seis anos de implantação do novo currículo. Realizou-se análise bibliométrica dos trabalhos defendidos até 2016 e disponíveis no website da biblioteca universitária. Coletaram-se as variáveis: ano de publicação, áreas de pesquisa, formato da publicação, tipo de trabalho, abordagem, método, objetivo, coleta dos dados, cenários de pesquisa e submissão a Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa. Foi procedida análise descritiva dos 413 trabalhos levantados, sendo em média, 68,83 trabalhos defendidos por ano. Do total, 63,68% foram categorizadas na área de "especialidades odontológicas", destacando-se a dentística restauradora com 23%. A área de Saúde Bucal Coletiva e afins representou 13% e as "ciências básicas" 3%. Um total de 84,75% dos TCC foram realizados no formato de monografia e 63,20% como "pesquisa científica". Destes, 92,34% foram de abordagem quantitativa, 65,90% com método observacional, 61% com objetivo descritivo, 70,75% com dados coletados de forma transversal, 67% submetidos a Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa, e 44,20% desenvolvidos em "serviços públicos". Considera-se que o perfil da produção científica ainda segue o modelo tradicional de Odontologia, coerente com sua histórica formação clínico-cirúrgico-tecnicista, a despeito das mudanças preconizadas pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. Sugere-se um planejamento desta produção científica voltada a uma formação condizente com as necessidades em saúde bucal da maioria da população brasileira (AU).

The aim of thisstudy wasto analyze the scientific production of the undergraduate course in Dentistry at UFSC, by means of a survey of the Final Projects carried out in the first six years of implementation of the new curriculum. A bibliometric analysis of the works defended until 2016 and available on the university library website. The following data were collected: year of publication, research areas, publication format, type of work, approach, method, objective, data collection, research scenarios and submission to Research Ethics Committees. A descriptive analysis was carried out of the 413 papers surveyed, with an average of 68.83 works defended per year. Of the total, 63.68% were categorized in the area of "Dental Specialties", highlighting restorative dentistry with 23%. The area of Oral and Collective Health represented 13% and basic sciences 3%. A total of 84.75% of the Final Reports were performed in the monograph format and 63.20% as "Scientific Research". Of these, 92.34% were of a quantitative approach, 65.90% with observational method, 61% with descriptive purpose, 70.75% with cross-sectional data, 44.20% developed in "Public Services" and 67% submitted to Research Ethics Committees. It is considered that the profile of scientific production still follows the traditional model of Dentistry, consistent with its historical clinicalsurgical-technicist formation, in spite of the changes advocated by the National Curricular Guidelines. It is suggested a planning of this scientific production aimed at a training compatible with the oral health needs of the majority of the Brazilian population (AU).

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The low prevalence of gingival recessions observed in orthodontic clinical practice may be assigned to the fact that in studies in which dehiscences and bone fenestrations are described as frequent, they were diagnosed based on: 1) dry skull studies; 2) areas with periosteal reflection together with flap; and 3) imaging techniques with low sensitivity to detect these defects, which have a delicate structure and function. In areas of pseudo-dehiscences and fenestrations, the periosteum and the alveolar cortical bone are very thin; also, they either have been removed during preparation of the dry specimens in the areas for analysis, or, alternatively, have not been investigated using an ideal imaging method.

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ABSTRACT The low prevalence of gingival recessions observed in orthodontic clinical practice may be assigned to the fact that in studies in which dehiscences and bone fenestrations are described as frequent, they were diagnosed based on: 1) dry skull studies; 2) areas with periosteal reflection together with flap; and 3) imaging techniques with low sensitivity to detect these defects, which have a delicate structure and function. In areas of pseudo-dehiscences and fenestrations, the periosteum and the alveolar cortical bone are very thin; also, they either have been removed during preparation of the dry specimens in the areas for analysis, or, alternatively, have not been investigated using an ideal imaging method.

RESUMO A ausência de prevalência elevada das recessões gengivais relacionadas à prática clínica ortodôntica se explica, provavelmente, porque, nos trabalhos em que as deiscências e fenestrações ósseas são descritas como frequentes, essas foram diagnosticadas a partir de: 1) estudos em crânios secos; 2) áreas com rebatimento periosteal junto com o retalho; e 3) uso de métodos imagiológicos que falham em sensibilidade para captá-las, pela sua delicadeza estrutural e funcional. Nessas áreas de pseudodeiscências e fenestrações, existe periósteo e cortical óssea alveolar muito fina, que foram eliminados nos procedimentos de preparação dos espécimes secos, nas áreas para a análise ou, então, não se aplicou um método imagiológico ideal.

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A pesar de las permanentes controversias entre diferentes sectores de la sociedad, el uso de animales para la investigación científica en todas las áreas de las ciencias médicas ha venido aportando verdaderos beneficios para la conservación de la salud y la prolongación de la vida del ser humano. La toma de conciencia acerca del respeto y el tratamiento ético del animal por parte de la comunidad científica ha estimulado a los investigadores a utilizar modelos animales que, para determinados procedimientos experimentales, no requieran ser sacrificados, o bien desarrollar modelos experimentales en animales de faena.

Although there is a long-term controversy between differentmembers of the society, the use of animal models forscientific research in all areas of the medical sciences, hasdemonstrated their importance for health preservation andprolongation of the human life. In order to comply a numberof ethic standards for the management of the experimentalanimals, the researchers are now looking for a model thateliminates the need for animal euthanatization after somespecific experimental procedures. In other cases, they canalso use of animals which are currently employed by the industryfor human alimentation.

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O estudo analisou a produção atual do conhecimento científico em saúde bucal nos cursos de pósgraduação em Odontologia (stricto-sensu) sul-brasileiros, relacionando-a às diretrizes traçadas pela Agenda Nacional de Prioridades de Pesquisa em Saúde (ANPPS). Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem quanti-qualitativa, de natureza exploratório-descritiva a partir de análise documental. Os dados, coletados de sítios eletrônicos oficiais no primeiro semestre de 2015, consistem em teses e dissertações produzidas entre 2011 e 2015, pelos programas de pós-graduação stricto-sensu em "Odontologia" ou "Ciências Odontológicas", de Universidades Federais do Sul do país. Após leitura dos títulos e resumos, procedeu-se a classificação quanto à aderência das produções aos eixos da ANPPS, com posterior organização, tabulação, análise quantitativo-descritiva e análise qualitativa, discutindose possíveis lapsos entre políticas públicas e práticas, na implementação da ANPPS. A maior parte da produção de teses e dissertações analisadas não apresentou aderência aos tópicos da ANPPS (56,13%) relacionados à saúde bucal, sendo que as áreas de Odontopediatria e Saúde Coletiva detiveram as maiores médias de produção vinculadas (40,8%). Embora existam movimentos de assimilação e incorporação à ANPPS na pesquisa em saúde bucal, disciplinas clínicas tradicionais ainda não referenciam à Agenda e sua prioridade em estudos voltados às necessidades populacionais e interesses do Sistema de Saúde. A incorporação da ANPPS à pesquisa odontológica pode transformar a Odontologia brasileira em nova referência de construção de conhecimento para além do contexto nacional (AU).

The study analyzed the current production of oral health scientific knowledge in Southern Brazil dentistry stricto-sensu post-graduation programs and the relation with the National Agenda for Priorities in Health Research guidelines. It is an exploratory-descriptive research, with a quantitative-qualitative approach, based on documentary analysis. The data, collected from the post-graduation electronic sites in 2015, consisted of theses and dissertations produced between 2011 and 2015, by the "Dentistry" or "Dental Sciences" programs of Federal Universities of Southern Brazil. After reading the titles and abstracts, the productions were classified according to the Agenda axes, with the subsequent organization, tabulation, quantitative and qualitative analysis. It was discussed possible lapses between public policies and practices, in the implementation of the Agenda. Most of the theses and dissertations analyzed did not show adherence to the Agenda axes, with Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health areas having the highest associated production. Although there are movements of incorporation of the Agenda in oral health research, traditional clinical disciplines still are not used to refer it or to focus on the population needs and the Health System interest. The incorporation of the Agenda into dental research can possibly transform Brazilian dentistry in a new reference of construction of knowledge beyond the national context (AU).

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The practice of assessing must ensure that the outcome of the process be a reflection of the learning achieved by students. The aim of this study was to describe the essential attributes of the praxis teacher in the area of Endodontics Learning Evaluation, in the School of Dentistry at the Universidad de Concepción, Chile. This study is designed to diagnose the reliability and objectivity of assessing the learning process, as a framework for innovation, and with a focus on evaluating endodontics skills. This hermeneutic study has a qualitative methodology. It was based on in-depth semi-structured interviews applied to 14 students and 5 teachers, and two focus groups consisting of eight students each. When the study was conducted, the research findings indicated that the evaluation process was not objective and lacked established criteria, and especially a guide to determining the skills. The theoretical evaluation was only summative. The formative role was not formally established. The subjects answered mostly psychometric instruments by multiple choice and with short or extended answers. It was concluded that teacher practice held meaning only if it was backed by academic expertise in the area of endodontics, according to no clear criteria or validated instruments. On the other hand, the groundwork was in place for using an epistemological style in endodontics. This provided a basis for the actual improvements, and allowed the tools developed to be dialectically interconnected with teacher experience. A quantitative analysis was not considered, but could be supplemented later to enhance the data analysis in a future study.

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The practice of assessing must ensure that the outcome of the process be a reflection of the learning achieved by students. The aim of this study was to describe the essential attributes of the praxis teacher in the area of Endodontics Learning Evaluation, in the School of Dentistry at the Universidad de Concepción, Chile. This study is designed to diagnose the reliability and objectivity of assessing the learning process, as a framework for innovation, and with a focus on evaluating endodontics skills. This hermeneutic study has a qualitative methodology. It was based on in-depth semi-structured interviews applied to 14 students and 5 teachers, and two focus groups consisting of eight students each. When the study was conducted, the research findings indicated that the evaluation process was not objective and lacked established criteria, and especially a guide to determining the skills. The theoretical evaluation was only summative. The formative role was not formally established. The subjects answered mostly psychometric instruments by multiple choice and with short or extended answers. It was concluded that teacher practice held meaning only if it was backed by academic expertise in the area of endodontics, according to no clear criteria or validated instruments. On the other hand, the groundwork was in place for using an epistemological style in endodontics. This provided a basis for the actual improvements, and allowed the tools developed to be dialectically interconnected with teacher experience. A quantitative analysis was not considered, but could be supplemented later to enhance the data analysis in a future study.

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The following four fundamental points on the use of experimental models will be described to ensure an accurate evaluation of the effects of medication and laser therapy on induced tooth movement and associated root resorption: (1) If the objective is to check the effect on root resorption, the forces experimentally applied must produce a lesion on the cementoblast layer in all specimens; (2) If the objective is to optimize induced tooth movement and reduce treatment time without side effects, the forces experimentally applied should not produce a lesion in the cementoblast layer in any specimen; (3) The laser therapy operator, the person administering medication and the person that places appliances should not know which animals will effectively receive the test treatment, and the control groups should receive placebo treatments; (4) CT and microscopic analysis of the specimens should be random, and the group to which the specimen belongs should not be identified, to ensure that the person reading images and the pathologists are not influenced in their evaluation of phenomena. These measures will ensure that results are more reliable and easier to extrapolate to orthodontic clinical practice.

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ciência baseada em evidência utiliza modelos de estudos epidemiológicos com a finalidade de aplicar o conhecimento científico nas decisões em saúde. O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever e discutir a OdontologiaBaseada em Evidência (OBE) e metodologia das revisões sistemáticas, destacando as etapas para a suarealização, como a formulação de estratégias de busca, definição de critérios de inclusão e exclusão, extração, análise e síntese dos dados, incluindo a meta-análise. A OBE é compreendida como uma abordagem para o serviço de saúde odontológico que requer integração da evidência científica com a experiência do profissional e as necessidades da população. Como contribuição, a OBE introduziu métodos que geram evidência de qualidade, ferramentas estatísticas utilizadas para sintetizar e analisar a evidência (revisões sistemáticas emeta-análise) e modos de acessar (bancos de dados eletrônicos) e aplicar a evidência (decisões em saúdebaseadas em evidências). Por fim, a abordagem baseada em evidência permite avaliar o conhecimento científicopor sua validade, impacto e aplicabilidade, eliminando a lacuna entre pesquisa e realidade dos serviços desaúde. É necessário que esforços continuem sendo empregados no sentido de estimular avanços qualitativosna pesquisa epidemiológica, fazendo com que a OBE alcance cada vez mais seu espaço concreto nos processosde planejamento e execução das ações em saúde.

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Antimicrobial methods to augment fluoride-mediated caries inhibition are necessary. Several methods are described here, but none was considered likely to be as effective as fluoride usage. None had been tested in effective models to demonstrate their ability to act either additively or synergistically with fluoride-containing toothpastes. Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated disease: The composition of the biofilm associated with caries initiation and progression is diverse. Caries-associated taxa - including mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and yeasts - may be useful surrogate markers for in vivo investigations. In vitro testing should progress from single-species planktonic cells to multi-species biofilms prior to essential testing in randomized control trials (RCTs). Modern high-throughput sequencing techniques need to be applied to the study of bacterial acquisition from birth and of the composition of the biofilm associated with the formation of white-spot lesions. The determination of the functions of the biofilm and the phenotype of the bacterial components may be determined by RNA-seq techniques, since they must be conserved between caries lesions and will include the ability to produce acids and survive and proliferate in acidic conditions. The application of such methods will significantly improve our understanding of the etiology and progression of dental caries.

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This study ascertained whether under dental erosion models that closely mimics the real-life situation enamel and root dentin from bovine origin would be reliable substitutes for human counterparts. Through a 2x2 crossover design, in a first trial, 14 volunteers wore a palatal device containing slabs of bovine and human enamel. Half of the participants ingested (4x daily, for 10 days) orange juice first, crossing over to mineral water, while the remainder received the reverse sequence. In a second trial, volunteers wore devices with slabs of bovine and human root dentin. Except for the duration of each intraoral phase, which lasted 2 rather 10 days, the experiment with root dentin run exactly as for enamel. Dental substrates were analyzed for surface microhardness. Two-way ANOVAs (α=0.05) indicated no difference between the microhardness values recorded for human and bovine enamel (p=0.1350), but bovine root dentin had lower microhardness compared to its human counterpart (p=0.0432). While bovine enamel can reliably substitute its human counterpart in in situ dental erosion models, bovine root dentin does not seem to be a viable alternative to the corresponding human tissue.

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This study ascertained whether under dental erosion models that closely mimics the real-life situation enamel and root dentin from bovine origin would be reliable substitutes for human counterparts. Through a 2x2 crossover design, in a first trial, 14 volunteers wore a palatal device containing slabs of bovine and human enamel. Half of the participants ingested (4x daily, for 10 days) orange juice first, crossing over to mineral water, while the remainder received the reverse sequence. In a second trial, volunteers wore devices with slabs of bovine and human root dentin. Except for the duration of each intraoral phase, which lasted 2 rather 10 days, the experiment with root dentin run exactly as for enamel. Dental substrates were analyzed for surface microhardness. Two-way ANOVAs (α=0.05) indicated no difference between the microhardness values recorded for human and bovine enamel (p=0.1350), but bovine root dentin had lower microhardness compared to its human counterpart (p=0.0432). While bovine enamel can reliably substitute its human counterpart in in situ dental erosion models, bovine root dentin does not seem to be a viable alternative to the corresponding human tissue.

Este estudo visou avaliar, sob um modelo de erosão dental que se aproxima da realidade clínica, se o esmalte e a dentina radicular bovinos seriam substitutos viáveis aos correspondentes substratos de origem humana. De acordo com um delineamento crossover 2x2, 14 voluntários utilizaram dispositivos palatinos contendo fragmentos de esmalte humano e bovino. Metade dos participantes ingeriu suco de laranja (4x/dia, por 10 dias) e, a seguir, alternou para a ingestão de água mineral, enquanto os demais voluntários receberam a seqüência reversa. Em um segundo experimento, os sujeitos da pesquisa fizeram uso do dispositivo palatino contendo fragmentos de dentina radicular bovina e humana. Exceto pela duração de cada uma das duas fases experimentais (2 ao invés de 10 dias), utilizou-se o mesmo protocolo empregado no estudo em que se comparou o esmalte. Os substratos dentais foram avaliados quanto a sua microdureza superficial. ANOVAs a dois critérios (α=0,05) não indicaram diferença entre os valores de microdureza observados para o esmalte humano e bovino (p=0,1350), porém a dentina radicular apresentou microdureza inferior à humana (p=0,0432). Enquanto o esmalte bovino é um substituto fidedigno do substrato humano em modelos in situ de erosão dental, a dentina radicular bovina não parece ser uma alternativa viável ao tecido humano correspondente.

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