RESUMEN

COVID-19 is characterized by pronounced hypercytokinemia. The cytokine switch, marked by an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, emerged as a focal point of investigation throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the kinetics and temporal dynamics of cytokine release remain contradictory, making the development of new therapeutics difficult, especially in severe cases. This study collected serum samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients at 72 h intervals and monitored them for various cytokines at each timepoint until hospital discharge or death. Cytokine levels were analyzed based on time since symptom onset and patient outcomes. All cytokines studied prospectively were strong predictors of mortality, particularly IL-4 (AUC = 0.98) and IL-1ß (AUC = 0.96). First-timepoint evaluations showed elevated cytokine levels in the mortality group (p < 0.001). Interestingly, IFN-γ levels decreased over time in the death group but increased in the survival group. Patients who died exhibited sustained levels of IL-1ß and IL-4 and increased IL-6 levels over time. These findings suggest cytokine elevation is crucial in predicting COVID-19 mortality. The dynamic interplay between IFN-γ and IL-4 highlights the balance between Th1/Th2 immune responses and underscores IFN-γ as a powerful indicator of immune dysregulation throughout the infection.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Citocinas , Interleucina-4 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/inmunología , COVID-19/sangre , COVID-19/mortalidad , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Citocinas/sangre , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Anciano , Interleucina-4/sangre , Estudios Prospectivos , Interferón gamma/sangre , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Adulto , Interleucina-6/sangre

RESUMEN

We investigated the value of plasma cytokine levels as markers of pathogenesis and treatment response in patients with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary disease. Plasma cytokine levels were measured and compared among patients with NTM pulmonary disease (n=111), tuberculosis (TB) patients (n=50), and healthy individuals (n=40). Changes during treatment were monitored at 3 and 6 months after treatment. According to the treatment response, NTM patients were classified as 'resistance' or 'sensitivity' responders. The results revealed that five out of twelve cytokines exhibited significantly higher levels in NTM patients compared to controls. Among these, interleukin (IL)-6 demonstrated the strongest discriminating capacity for NTM. Furthermore, when combined with IL-1ß, they efficiently distinguished between NTM drug-resistant and drug-sensitive patients, as well as between NTM and TB groups. Additionally, IL-6 levels initially rose and then decreased in the NTM drug-resistant group during the six months of treatment, similar to the behavior of IL-1ß in the NTM drug-sensitive group. Subgroup analyses of the sensitive group with differential treatment responses revealed an increase in IL-10 levels in the six-month treatment responders. A high IL-6/IL-10 ratio was associated with increased disease severity of NTM and TB. Collectively, combinations of various plasma cytokines, specifically IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-10, effectively distinguished NTM patients with varying mycobacterial burdens, with IL-6 and IL-10 emerging as potential biomarkers for early treatment response. The combination of IL-6 and IL-1ß demonstrated the highest discriminatory value for distinguishing between NTM-resistant and NTM-sensitive groups as well as between NTM and TB groups.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores , Citocinas , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Biomarcadores/sangre , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/sangre , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Citocinas/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Anciano , Resultado del Tratamiento , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/sangre , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/microbiología , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas , Interleucina-6/sangre , Interleucina-1beta/sangre

RESUMEN

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial autoimmune inflammatory disease that mainly affects the joints, on reducing functional capacity and impacting quality of life. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are crucial in the pathogenesis and treatment of this disease. Some patients using TNF inhibitors (TNFi) do not respond or lose their response to these medications. Clinical, sociodemographic, and genetic data were used to evaluate the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in TNF, TNFRSF1A, and TNFRSF1B genes with the diagnosis of RA, standardized score results, laboratory tests, and response to TNFi. In one subsample, TNF and IL-6 serum levels cytokines were performed. A total of 654 subjects (360 healthy controls and 294 diagnosed with RA) were included in the analysis. Higher levels of TNF have been found in individuals diagnosed with RA. IL-6 levels were higher in individuals who did not respond to TNFi treatment, while responders had levels comparable to those without the disease. No associations were found between the SNPs studied and the diagnosis of RA; however, rs767455-C seems to play a role in the response to golimumab treatment, being related to better therapeutic response and lower mean serum leukocyte levels. In addition, rs1061622-G was associated with poorer functional capacity and rs1800629-A was associated with higher leukocyte values and serum transaminase levels. The rs1061622-G and rs767455-C may play a role in the response to TNFi treatment, especially for patients using golimumab, although they do not seem to be associated with the diagnosis of RA. Polymosphisms in the TNF pathway may impact baseline levels of immune cells and markers of renal and hepatic function in RA patients. Our results highlight the importance of evaluating the impact of these polymorphisms on TNFi response and safety, particularly in larger-scale studies.

Asunto(s)

Artritis Reumatoide , Interleucina-6 , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Receptores Tipo II del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral , Inhibidores del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Humanos , Artritis Reumatoide/genética , Artritis Reumatoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/sangre , Receptores Tipo II del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral/genética , Inhibidores del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Receptores Tipo I de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral/genética , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Antirreumáticos/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

This study aims to investigate the potential association between serum levels of cytokines, HSP60, HSP70 and IR (HOMA-IR) in postmenopausal women. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 381 postmenopausal women, including 94 with a breast cancer diagnosis and 278 without. We analyzed anthropometric and laboratory measurements. Immunoassays were used to measure cytokines (TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6) as well as heat shock proteins (HSP) 60 and 70 in the serum using the ELISA technique. Women diagnosed with breast cancer showed higher levels of HOMA-IR, IL-6, TNF, and HSP60, and lower levels of IL-10 and HSP70 compared to women without cancer. An association was found between HSP70 and HOMA-IR only in women with breast cancer (ß = 0.22, p = .030; without cancer: ß = 0.04, p = .404), regardless of age, waist circumference, smoking, and physical activity. No associations were observed between cytokines, HSP60, and HOMA-IR in both groups of women. HSP70 is positively associated with IR in women diagnosed with breast cancer.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias de la Mama , Chaperonina 60 , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico , Resistencia a la Insulina , Posmenopausia , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Posmenopausia/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/sangre , Chaperonina 60/sangre , Anciano , Citocinas/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Interleucina-10/sangre , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Our study aimed to identify alterations in sleep, inflammatory mediators, fatigue and quality of life in women with dysmenorrhea and compare them to women without dysmenorrhea. METHODS: The sample comprised 328 women from a Brazilian cross-sectional sleep study, EPISONO (2007), who had undergone 1-night polysomnography (PSG) type I and completed questionnaires related to sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, insomnia, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Blood samples were used to assess levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The 2 groups were distributed based on the presence or absence of dysmenorrhea symptoms. RESULTS: Sleep efficiency was significantly lower in the group of women with dysmenorrhea (82.5% ± 13.8) compared to the non-dysmenorrhea group (86.2% ± 10.9). Dysmenorrhea was associated with significantly higher scores of fatigue and worse scores in the physical quality of life. No statistical differences were detected in inflammatory markers between the 2 groups. DISCUSSION: Fatigue and physical quality of life were presented in women with dysmenorrhea, as was reduced sleep efficiency, although no alteration on inflammatory markers were observed. CONCLUSION: These findings show that dysmenorrhea can have a deleterious effect on women's sleep, with repercussions on daily routines and quality of life.

Asunto(s)

Dismenorrea , Interleucina-6 , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Femenino , Dismenorrea/sangre , Dismenorrea/fisiopatología , Dismenorrea/psicología , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Adulto Joven , Interleucina-6/sangre , Calidad del Sueño , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Fatiga/sangre , Fatiga/etiología , Fatiga/fisiopatología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Polisomnografía , Brasil/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/sangre , Depresión/sangre , Ansiedad/sangre

RESUMEN

Background: The mechanisms through which acculturation influences the onset of cognitive impairment and dementia are not well understood, especially among older Hispanics. Objective: To investigate whether inflammation and psycho-behavioral factors mediate the relationship between acculturation and incident dementia among older Mexican Americans. Methods: We analyzed the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (1998-2007, SALSA), a longitudinal study (N = 1,194) with 10 years of follow-up, and used g-computation for mediation analysis with pooled logistic regression to evaluate whether acculturation (assessed by the Revised Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans [ARSMA-II]) affected dementia or cognitive impairment but not dementia (CIND) through inflammation (i.e., interleukin 6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]), smoking, alcohol consumption, and depressive symptoms. The potential mediators were assessed at baseline. Results: The 10-year average adjusted risk ratio (aRR) for the effect of high U.S. acculturation and dementia/CIND was 0.66, 95% CI (0.36, 1.30). The indirect effects were: IL-6 (aRR = 0.98, 95% CI (0.88, 1.05)); TNF-α (aRR:0.99, 95% CI (0.93, 1.05)); hs-CRP: (aRR = 1.21, 95% CI (0.84, 1.95)); current smoking: aRR = 0.97, 95% CI (0.84, 1.16); daily/weekly alcohol consumption (aRR = 1.00, 95% CI (0.96, 1.05)); and depressive symptom score (aRR = 1.03, 95% CI (0.95, 1.26)). Hs-CRP yielded a proportion mediated of -26%, suggesting that hs-CRP could suppress the potential effect of high U.S. acculturation. The other factors explored resulted in little to no mediation. Conclusions: The effect of acculturation on time to incident dementia/CIND varied over time. Our study suggests that inflammation could suppress the effect between high U.S. acculturation and dementia risk.

Asunto(s)

Aculturación , Demencia , Inflamación , Americanos Mexicanos , Humanos , Demencia/etnología , Demencia/epidemiología , Demencia/psicología , Americanos Mexicanos/psicología , Americanos Mexicanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Inflamación/sangre , Inflamación/etnología , Inflamación/psicología , Estudios Longitudinales , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Incidencia , Factores de Riesgo , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Depresión/etnología , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/epidemiología , Interleucina-6/sangre

RESUMEN

Both cardiometabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases pose a significant challenge to global public health, particularly among older adults. Here, we investigated the interplay between systemic inflammatory status and the cardiometabolic index (CMI) in older men with adequate weight or obesity. In this observational cross-sectional study, older men (71.79 ± 7.35 years) were separated into groups with normal weight (NW, n = 34) and obesity (O, n = 32) to assess circulating levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and CMI. Overall, the O group showed not only a higher inflammatory status but also increased CMI (p < 0.0001) compared with the NW group. Interestingly, only positive correlations were found between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in both groups. Through multivariate regression analysis, IL-6 (ß = -0.2276, p = 0.0003) and IL-10 (ß = 0.2023, p = 0.0030) significantly influenced CMI in the NW group. No significant results were found in the O group. Our findings reinforce the effects of obesity in inflammaging, as well as suggesting that the influence of cytokines in CMI occurs in older men with normal weight, since the elevated pro-inflammatory profile observed in older men with obesity can interfere in this effect.

Asunto(s)

Citocinas , Inflamación , Obesidad , Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Proyectos Piloto , Inflamación/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Obesidad/sangre , Citocinas/sangre , Factores de Riesgo Cardiometabólico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Interleucina-6/sangre , Interleucina-10/sangre , Índice de Masa Corporal

RESUMEN

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis causes inflammation, pain, and joint degradation, necessitating treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids, posing various challenges. We aimed to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) at two different doses associated to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in an in vivo model of induced acute arthritis in Wistar rats' knee. Methods: Eighty-four Wistar rats were assigned into seven groups, including animals treated with PBM and/or PRP. On day 0, arthritis was induced in sham and treated groups through the intra-articular injection of zymosan (200 µg). Twenty-four hours after induction, the PBM groups were treated with an AsGaAl laser, whereas the PRP-treated groups received intra-articular injections with a concentration of 8 × 105 platelets obtained from another four animals. After 3 days, the animals were euthanized, and the interleukin (IL)-6 and complement C3 gene and protein expression levels were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the mean ± SD with analysis of variance and Tukey's posttest, with a significance level set at 5% (p < 0.05). Results: Synovial inflammation decreased in PBM-treated groups; however, PRP alone showed no significant difference. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant difference in IL-6 and C3 levels in the PBM and PBM+PRP-treated groups. Meanwhile, the PRP alone group exhibited significance for IL-6. Moreover, the PBM and PBM+PRP-treated groups showed a significant difference in C3 protein expression levels, whereas the PRP alone group showed no difference. Conclusion: The increase in cellular activity in the synovial membrane and the decrease protein expression levels are owing to the reduction in proinflammatory mediators following PBM therapy.

Asunto(s)

Artritis Reumatoide , Interleucina-6 , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad , Plasma Rico en Plaquetas , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Ratas , Femenino , Artritis Reumatoide/terapia , Artritis Reumatoide/radioterapia , Artritis Reumatoide/sangre , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/sangre , Artritis Experimental/terapia , Artritis Experimental/radioterapia , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inyecciones Intraarticulares , Complemento C3/metabolismo

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Carbon monoxide (CO) has been shown to exert protective effects in multiple organs following ischemic injury, including the lung. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of CO administration during ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) on lung grafts exposed to prolonged cold ischemia. METHODS: Ten porcine lungs were subjected to 18 h of cold ischemia followed by 6 h of EVLP. Lungs were randomized to EVLP alone (control, n = 5) or delivery of 500 ppm of CO during the 1st hour of EVLP (treatment, n = 5). Following EVLP, the left lungs were transplanted and reperfused for 4 h. RESULTS: At the end of EVLP, pulmonary vascular resistance (P = 0.007) and wet to dry lung weight ratios (P = 0.027) were significantly reduced in CO treated lungs. Posttransplant, lung graft PaO2/FiO2 (P = 0.032) and compliance (P = 0.024) were significantly higher and peak airway pressure (P = 0.032) and wet to dry ratios (P = 0.003) were significantly lower in CO treated lungs. Interleukin-6 was significantly reduced in plasma during reperfusion in the CO treated group (P = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS: In this preclinical porcine model, CO application during EVLP resulted in better graft performance and outcomes after reperfusion.

Asunto(s)

Monóxido de Carbono , Isquemia Fría , Trasplante de Pulmón , Pulmón , Perfusión , Animales , Trasplante de Pulmón/métodos , Perfusión/métodos , Pulmón/irrigación sanguínea , Porcinos , Preservación de Órganos/métodos , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Daño por Reperfusión/etiología , Interleucina-6/sangre , Interleucina-6/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Metabolic alterations are a common problem in people living with HIV (PLHIV), as a result of a stage of chronic inflammation that affects the homeostasis of the organism. Prolonged exposure to antiretroviral therapy has been associated with developing lipodystrophies that modify lipoprotein metabolism and inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are mediators of the immune response. The study aimed to associate TNF-α and IL-6 levels with their polymorphisms and metabolic alterations in PLIHV. We hypothesized that TNF-α and IL-6 levels and their polymorphisms are associated with metabolic alterations. In total, 185 PLHIV and 51 HIV-negative people were included. Biochemical parameters were determined by colorimetric assay, cytokine levels by immunoassay, and allelic discrimination by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A correlation was found between TNF-α levels and the variables cholesterol (r = -0.171, P = 0.020) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (r = -0.245, P = 0.001). There are associations between HDL levels (P = 0.011) and GG genotype of rs1800629. The results suggest a metabolic alteration related to the constant immune response, especially the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. It was observed that genetic factors may influence metabolism alteration, mainly in lipids.

Asunto(s)

Citocinas , Interleucina-6 , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/sangre , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Infecciones por VIH/genética , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por VIH/inmunología , Infecciones por VIH/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Genotipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/genética , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/inmunología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Dengue is a significant health problem due to the high burden of critical infections during outbreaks. In 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified dengue as dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). It was revised in 2009 (updated in 2015), and the new guidelines recommended classifying patients as dengue without warning signs (DNS), dengue with warning signs (DWS), and severe dengue (SD). Although the utility of the revised 2009 classification for clinical studies is accepted, for immunological studies it needs to be clarified. We determined the usefulness of the 2009 classification for pediatric studies that analyze the circulating interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, two inflammatory cytokines. Plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were evaluated in the acute and convalescent phases by flow cytometry in children with dengue classified using the 1997 and 2009 WHO guidelines. The plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were elevated during the acute and decreased during convalescence, and both cytokines served as a good marker of acute dengue illness compared to convalescence. There were no differences in the plasma level of the evaluated cytokines among children with different clinical severity with any classification, except for the IL-8, which was higher in DWS than DNS. Based on the levels of IL-8, the 2009 classification identified DWS plus SD (hospital-treated children) compared to the DNS group [area under the curve (AUC): 0.7, p = 0.028]. These results support the utility of the revised 2009 (updated in 2015) classification in studies of immune markers in pediatric dengue.

Asunto(s)

Dengue , Interleucina-6 , Interleucina-8 , Organización Mundial de la Salud , Humanos , Dengue/inmunología , Dengue/diagnóstico , Niño , Masculino , Femenino , Interleucina-6/sangre , Preescolar , Interleucina-8/sangre , Dengue Grave/diagnóstico , Dengue Grave/inmunología , Dengue Grave/sangre , Adolescente , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Biomarcadores/sangre , Virus del Dengue/inmunología , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Citometría de Flujo , Lactante , Citocinas/sangre

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential associations between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and inflammasome components in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A group of 50 patients with SLE and 50 healthy controls matched by sex and similar age ranges were enrolled. Serum HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and C reactive protein (CRP) levels were quantified. Serum cytokine levels, including IL-1ß and IL-6, were determined by ELISA. The gene expression of inflammasome-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: HDL-C levels were lower in the patients with SLE (p<0.05), and on segregation according to disease activity, those with active SLE had the lowest HDL-C levels. Patients with SLE presented higher concentrations of the serum inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß and IL-6 (p<0.0001) but similar levels of CRP to those in controls. A similar scenario was observed for the gene expression of inflammasome components, where all the evaluated markers were significantly upregulated in the SLE population. These results revealed significant negative correlations between HDL levels and disease activity, serum IL-6 and IL-1ß levels and the mRNA expression of NLRP3, IL-1ß and IL-18. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between disease activity and serum IL-1ß and between disease activity and the mRNA expression of IL-18, and interestingly, significant positive correlations were also observed between active SLE and serum IL-1ß and the mRNA expression of NLRP3. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that HDL is essential for SLE beyond atherosclerosis and is related to inflammation regulation, possibly mediated by inflammasome immunomodulation.

Asunto(s)

Proteína C-Reactiva , Inflamasomas , Interleucina-1beta , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico , Humanos , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/inmunología , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/sangre , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Adulto , Inflamasomas/inmunología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangre , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Interleucina-6/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , Citocinas/sangre

RESUMEN

This study aimed to compare the acute inflammatory response following high-intensity eccentric exercise between resistance-trained young and master athletes with similar performance levels. Resistance-trained young (n=8; 22±2 years) and master (n=8; 52±4 years) male athletes of a similar performance level performed a standardized high-intensity eccentric squat exercise protocol (10 sets of half-squats at 70% of 1-repetition maximum). The serum concentration of 20 biomarkers related to tissue damage, inflammation, remodeling, and repair was measured at baseline, immediately after exercise, and over a 72 h recovery period. Both groups experienced similar muscle damage as evidenced by a comparable increase in creatine kinase activity 24 h after exercise (p<0.001). Interleukin-6 (p=0.009) and growth hormone (p<0.001) increased immediately post-exercise in both groups. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 increased immediately post-exercise only in young athletes (p=0.003) and then decreased 24 h later. There were no significant differences for the remaining variables, including cell markers related to neutrophil/macrophage activation or pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines. Resistance-trained young and master athletes, matched for performance level, showed an overall similar inflammatory response to eccentric exercise, possibly reflecting regulatory mechanisms or immunological adaptations to chronic stimulation in master athletes.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores , Creatina Quinasa , Inflamación , Interleucina-6 , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Humanos , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Biomarcadores/sangre , Creatina Quinasa/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Quimiocina CCL2/sangre , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Músculo Esquelético/lesiones , Atletas , Hormona de Crecimiento Humana/sangre , Citocinas/sangre , Hormona del Crecimiento/sangre , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To look into the effects of different anesthesia methods on the labor process and the expression of serum estrogen and progesterone in primiparas with painless labor. METHODS: 60 primiparas receiving painless labor were selected as the research objects, and they were divided into either a Spinal & Continuous epidural anesthesia group (n = 30) or a continuous epidural anesthesia group (n = 30), anesthesia is administered using the corresponding anesthesia method. The authors compared serum estrogen and progesterone, inflammatory index expression, pain degree and neonatal health status in different periods. RESULTS: At T2 and T3, serum P, LH, FSH and E2 levels in the Spinal & Continuous epidural anesthesia group were signally lower than those in the Spinal & Continuous epidural anesthesia group (p < 0.05). Spinal & Continuous epidural anesthesia group harbored faster onset and longer duration of sensory block and motor block than the Continuous epidural anesthesia group (p < 0.05). SAS and SDS scores of the Spinal & Continuous epidural anesthesia group were clearly lower than those of the Continuous epidural anesthesia group (p < 0.05). VAS score and serum TNF-α, IL-6 levels of pregnant women in the Spinal & Continuous epidural anesthesia group were memorably lower than those in the Continuous epidural anesthesia group at T2 and T3 (p < 0.05). The total incidence of postoperative complications in the Spinal & Continuous epidural anesthesia group was distinctively lower than that in the Continuous epidural anesthesia group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Spinal anesthesia combined with continuous epidural anesthesia has a better anesthesia effect in the painless labor of primiparas, which can effectually ameliorate the labor process and the expression of serum estrogen and progesterone.

Asunto(s)

Anestesia Epidural , Estrógenos , Periodo Posparto , Progesterona , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Progesterona/sangre , Anestesia Epidural/métodos , Adulto , Estrógenos/sangre , Periodo Posparto/sangre , Trabajo de Parto/sangre , Anestesia Raquidea/métodos , Anestesia Obstétrica/métodos , Adulto Joven , Factores de Tiempo , Dimensión del Dolor , Paridad , Interleucina-6/sangre , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre

RESUMEN

Chronic low-grade inflammation is a common feature of obesity and plays a crucial role in the progression of its complications. Vitamin D (VitD) plays an important role in modulating the immune response and regulating inflammation. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of isolated VitD supplementation on main inflammatory markers in overweight and obese individuals with no comorbidities and with VitD deficiency. We hypothesized that the increase in serum VitD concentrations after supplementation would significantly reduce the concentrations of inflammatory markers. The search was conducted in Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Eleven randomized placebo-controlled studies were included in the final analysis, with a total of 504 participants and daily (1000-7000 international units) or bolus (100,000-200,000 international units) doses of VitD lasting from 2 to 26 weeks. The VitD supplementation did not influence C-reactive protein (mean difference [MD]: 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.37, 0.39; P = .97), interleukin-6 (MD: -0.34; 95% CI -1.09, 0.42; P = .38), and tumor necrosis factor concentrations (MD: -0.02; 95% CI -0.23, 0.19; P = .85). In the analysis considering the studies with a significant increase in serum VitD concentrations, VitD supplementation also did not influence C-reactive protein (MD: -0.17; 95% CI -0.88, 0.54; P = .64), interleukin-6 (MD: -0.47; 95% CI -1.31, 0.37; P = .27), and tumor necrosis factor concentrations (MD: 0.01; 95% CI -1.34, 1.37; P = .98). This meta-analysis suggests that VitD supplementation does not significantly alter inflammatory markers in overweight and obese individuals.

Asunto(s)

Suplementos Dietéticos , Inflamación , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Vitamina D , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biomarcadores/sangre , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Inflamación/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/complicaciones , Sobrepeso/sangre , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Vitamina D/sangre , Vitamina D/uso terapéutico , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/tratamiento farmacológico

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Persistent inflammation is associated with adverse health outcomes, but its impact on mortality has not been investigated previously among hip fracture patients. This article aims to investigate the influence of changes in levels of cytokines in the 2 months after a hip fracture repair on 5-year mortality. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study from the Baltimore Hip Studies (BHS) with 191 community-dwelling older men and women (≥65 years) who had recently undergone surgical repair of an acute hip fracture, with recruitment from May 2006 to June 2011. Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor1 (sTNFα-R1), and interleukin-1 receptor agonist (IL-1RA) were obtained within 22 days of admission and at 2 months. All-cause mortality over 5 years was determined. Logistic regression analysis tested the associations between the cytokines' trajectories and mortality over 5 years, adjusted for covariates (age, sex, education, body mass index, lower extremity physical activities of daily living, and Charlson comorbidity index). RESULTS: High levels of IL-6 and sTNFα-R1 at baseline with small or no decline at 2 months were associated with higher odds of 5-year mortality compared with those with lower levels at baseline and greater decline at 2 months after adjustment for age, and other potential confounders (OR = 4.71, p = 0.01 for IL-6; OR = 15.03, p = 0.002 for sTNFα-R1). Similar results that failed to reach significance were found for IL-1RA (OR = 2.40, p = 0.18). Those with higher levels of cytokines at baseline with greater decline did not have significantly greater mortality than the reference group, those with lower levels at baseline and greater decline. CONCLUSION: Persistent elevation of plasma IL-6 and sTNFα-R1 levels within the first 2 months after hospital admission in patients with hip fracture is associated with higher 5-year mortality. These patients may benefit from enhanced care and earlier intensive interventions to reduce the risk of death.

Asunto(s)

Fracturas de Cadera , Interleucina-6 , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Fracturas de Cadera/mortalidad , Fracturas de Cadera/sangre , Estudios Prospectivos , Anciano , Interleucina-6/sangre , Baltimore/epidemiología , Receptores Tipo I de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral/sangre , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores/sangre

RESUMEN

Background and Objectives: The hormonal state of hypoestrogenism is associated with the accumulation of white adipose tissue, which can induce an increase in pro-inflammatory markers, leading to progressive health complications. Melatonin can act on adipose tissue mass, promoting its reduction and influencing inflammation, reducing IL-6 and releasing IL-10, pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, respectively. However, the role of melatonin regarding such parameters under the context of hypoestrogenism remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 12 weeks of hypoestrogenism and melatonin on white adipose tissue mass and circulating levels of IL-6, IL-10, TGF-ß-1, and leukotriene C4 (LTC4). Materials and Methods: The animals (Wistar rats with sixteen weeks of age at the beginning of the experiment) under hypoestrogenism were submitted to the surgical technique of bilateral ovariectomy. The animals received melatonin (10 mg·kg-1) or vehicles by orogastric gavage every day for 12 weeks and administration occurred systematically 1 h after the beginning of the dark period. White adipose tissue (perigonadal, peritoneal, and subcutaneous) was collected for mass recording, while blood was collected for the serum determination of IL-6, IL-10, TGF-ß-1, and LTC4. Results: Hypoestrogenism increased the perigonadal and subcutaneous mass and IL-6 levels. Melatonin kept hypoestrogenic animals in physiological conditions similar to the control group and increased thymus tissue mass. Conclusions: Hypoestrogenism appears to have a negative impact on white adipose tissue mass and IL-6 and although melatonin commonly exerts a significant effect in preventing these changes, this study did not have a sufficiently negative impact caused by hypoestrogenism for melatonin to promote certain benefits.

Asunto(s)

Interleucina-6 , Melatonina , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Melatonina/análisis , Melatonina/sangre , Ratas , Femenino , Interleucina-6/sangre , Interleucina-6/análisis , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/análisis , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Interleucina-10/sangre , Ovariectomía , Inflamación , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/sangre , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/análisis , Estrógenos/sangre , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Here we examined several morphometric and biochemical parameters linked to MS in a rodent litter size reduction model, and how a 30-day fish oil (FO) supplementation affected these parameters. On day 3 post-birth, pups were divided into groups of ten or three. On day 22, rats were split into control (C) and small litter (SL) until 60 days old. Then, after metabolic disturbance and obesity were confirmed, FO supplementation started for 30 days and the new groups were named control (C), FO supplemented (FO), obese (Ob), and obese FO supplemented (ObFO). Comparison was performed by Student t-test or 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. At the end of the 60-day period, SL rats were hyperphagic, obese, hypoinsulinemic, normoglycemic, and had high visceral fat depot and high interleukin (IL)-6 plasma concentration. Obese rats at 90 days of age were fatter, hyperphagic, hyperglycemic, hypertriacylgliceromic, hipoinsulinemic, with low innate immune response. IL-6 production ex vivo was higher, but in plasma it was not different from the control group. FO supplementation brought all biochemical changes to normal values, normalized food intake, and reduced body weight and fat mass in obese rats. The innate immune response was improved but still not as efficient as in lean animals. Our results suggested that as soon MS appears, FO supplementation must be used to ameliorate the morpho- and biochemical effects caused by MS and improve the innate immune response.

Asunto(s)

Suplementos Dietéticos , Aceites de Pescado , Síndrome Metabólico , Obesidad , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Síndrome Metabólico/dietoterapia , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Obesidad/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratas , Resistencia a la Insulina , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Grasa Intraabdominal/efectos de los fármacos , Interleucina-6/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino

RESUMEN

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) has shown positive effects when applied locally to modulate the inflammatory process and facilitate muscle repair. However, the available literature on the mechanisms of action of vascular photobiomodulation (VPBM), a non-invasive method of vascular irradiation, specifically in the context of local muscle repair, is limited. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of vascular photobiomodulation (VPBM) using a low-level laser (LLL) on the inflammatory response and the process of skeletal muscle repair whether administered prior to or following cryoinjury-induced acute muscle damage in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Wistar rats (n = 85) were organized into the following experimental groups: (1) Control (n = 5); (2) Non-Injury + VPBM (n = 20); (3) Injured (n = 20); (4) Pre-VPBM + Injury (n = 20); (5) Injury + Post-VPBM (n = 20). VPBM was administered over the vein/artery at the base of the animals' tails (wavelength: 780 nm; power: 40 mW; application area: 0.04 cm2; energy density: 80 J/cm2). Euthanasia of the animals was carried out at 1, 2, 5, and 7 days after inducing the injuries. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were collected for both qualitative and quantitative histological analysis using H&E staining and for assessing protein expression of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1ß, and IL-6 via ELISA. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using an automatic hematological analyzer and a leukocyte differential counter. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA/Tukey). The results revealed that applying VPBM prior to injury led to an increase in circulating neutrophils (granulocytes) after 1 day and a subsequent increase in monocytes after 2 and 5 days, compared to the Non-Injury + VPBM and Injured groups. Notably, an increase in erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration was observed in the Non-Injury + VPBM group on days 1 and 2 in comparison to the Injured group. In terms of histological aspects, only the Prior VPBM + Injured group exhibited a reduction in the number of inflammatory cells after 1, 5, and 7 days, along with an increase in blood vessels at 5 days. Both the Prior VPBM + Injured and Injured + VPBM after groups displayed a decrease in myonecrosis at 1, 2, and 7 days, an increase in newly-formed and immature fibers after 5 and 7 days, and neovascularization after 1, 2, and 7 days. Regarding protein expression, there was an increase in MCP-1 after 1 and 5 days, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß after 1, 2, and 5 days in the Injured + VPBM after group when compared to the other experimental groups. The Prior VPBM + Injured group exhibited increased MCP-1 production after 2 days, in comparison to the Non-Injury + VPBM and Control groups. Notably, on day 7, the Injured group continued to show elevated MCP-1 protein expression when compared to the VPBM groups. In conclusion, VPBM effectively modulated hematological parameters, circulating leukocytes, the protein expression of the chemokine MCP-1, and the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1ß, ultimately influencing the inflammatory process. This modulation resulted in a reduction of myonecrosis, restoration of tissue architecture, increased formation of newly and immature muscle fibers, and enhanced neovascularization, with more pronounced effects when VPBM was applied prior to the muscle injury.

Asunto(s)

Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad , Músculo Esquelético , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Ratas , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de la radiación , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Masculino , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/patología , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/sangre , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de la radiación , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo

RESUMEN

AIM: Evidence suggests that translocation of oral pathogens through the oral-gut axis may induce intestinal dysbiosis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a highly leukotoxic Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) strain on the gut microbiota, intestinal mucosal integrity and immune system in healthy mice. METHODS: Eight-week-old male C57BL6 mice were divided into control (n = 16) and JP2 groups (n = 19), which received intragastric gavage with PBS and with a suspension of Aa JP2 (HK921), respectively, twice a week for 4 weeks. Colonic lamina propria, fecal material, serum, gingival tissues, and mandibles were obtained for analyses of leukocyte populations, inflammatory mediators, mucosal integrity, alveolar bone loss, and gut microbiota. Differences between groups for these parameters were examined by non-parametric tests. RESULTS: The gut microbial richness and the number of colonic macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes were significantly lower in Aa JP2-infected mice than in controls (p < .05). In contrast, infected animals showed higher abundance of Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillus taiwanensis, Helicobacter rodentium, higher levels of IL-6 expression in colonic tissues, and higher splenic MPO activity than controls (p < .05). No differences in tight junction expression, serum endotoxin levels, and colonic inflammatory cytokines were observed between groups. Infected animals presented also slightly more alveolar bone loss and gingival IL-6 levels than controls (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Based on this model, intragastric administration of Aa JP2 is associated with changes in the gut ecosystem of healthy hosts, characterized by less live/recruited myeloid cells, enrichment of the gut microbiota with pathobionts and decrease in commensals. Negligible levels of colonic pro-inflammatory cytokines, and no signs of mucosal barrier disruption were related to these changes.

Asunto(s)

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar , Colon , Disbiosis , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Colon/microbiología , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/microbiología , Disbiosis/microbiología , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Leucocitos , Interleucina-6/sangre , Interleucina-6/análisis , Encía/microbiología , Peroxidasa , Lactobacillus , Clostridiales , Heces/microbiología , Infecciones por Pasteurellaceae/microbiología , Bazo