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The objective was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity, glucose and insulin concentration and reproductive performance of ewes supplemented with orange residue prior to insemination. Fifty-five multiparous ewes were divided into two corrals, and 15 unbred ewes were kept individually to measure feed consumption. Two integral diets were administered; T0: control treatment and T1: with 20% of dry matter of orange residue. Ten days after the start of supplementation, the ewes were synchronized. Supplementation was finalized prior to artificial insemination, then, a blood sample was taken to measure the antioxidant capacity and glucose and insulin concentration. An analysis of variance was made to evaluate the effect of treatment on the antioxidant capacity, glucose and insulin; and to analyze the response to estrus, percentage of gestation and prolificity a ji squared test was performed. Of 9 antioxidant compounds found in the orange residue, hesperidin (7.44%), chlorogenic acid (0.50%) and protocatechuic acid had the highest concentration. Feed intake, estrus response, percentage of gestation, antioxidant capacity, and glucose and insulin concentration were not affected by the treatment. It is concluded that inclusion of 20% of orange residue in the diet prior to insemination in ewes is possible.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade antioxidante, a concentração de glicose e insulina e o comportamento reprodutivo de ovelhas suplementadas com resíduo de laranja antes da inseminação. Cinquenta e cinco ovelhas multíparas foram divididas em dois currais e 15 ovelhas sem raça foram mantidas individualmente para se medir o consumo de ração. Duas dietas integrais foram administradas; T0: tratamento controle e T1: dieta com 20% de resíduo de laranja seco. Dias após o início da suplementação, as ovelhas foram sincronizadas. A suplementação foi finalizada antes da inseminação artificial e, em seguida, foi coletada uma amostra de sangue para medir a capacidade antioxidante e a concentração de glicose e insulina. Uma análise de variância foi feita para avaliar o efeito do tratamento sobre a capacidade antioxidante, a glicose e a insulina, e um teste do ji quadrado foi realizado para analisar a resposta ao estro, a porcentagem de gestação e de prolificidade. Dos nove compostos antioxidantes encontrados no resíduo laranja, a hesperidina (7,44%), o ácido clorogênico (0,50%) e o ácido protocatecuico foram os de maior concentração. O consumo alimentar, a resposta ao estro, a porcentagem de gestação, a capacidade antioxidante, a concentração de glicose e a insulina não foram afetados pelo tratamento. Conclui-se que é possível a inclusão de 20% de resíduos de laranja na dieta antes da inseminação em ovelhas.(AU)

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ABSTRACT Human insulin is provided by the Brazilian Public Health System (BPHS) for the treatment of diabetes, however, legal proceedings to acquire insulin analogs have burdened the BPHS health system. The aim of this study was to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis to compare insulin analogs and human insulins. This is a pharmacoeconomic study of cost-effectiveness. The direct medical cost related to insulin extracted from the Ministry of Health drug price list was considered. The clinical results, i.e. reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), were extracted by meta-analysis. Different scenarios were structured to measure the uncertainties regarding the costs and reduction in HbA1c. Decision tree was developed for sensitivity of Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). A total of fifteen scenarios were structured. Given the best-case scenario for the insulin analogs, the insulins aspart, lispro, glargine and detemir showed an ICER of R$ 1,768.59; R$ 3,308.54; R$ 11,718.75 and R$ 2,685.22, respectively. In all scenarios in which the minimum effectiveness was proposed, lispro, glargine and detemir were dominant strategies. Sensitivity analysis showed that the aspart had R$ 3,066.98 [95 % CI: 2339.22; 4418.53] and detemir had R$ 6,163.97 [95% CI: 3919.29; 11401.57] for incremental costs. We concluded there was evidence that the insulin aspart is the most cost-effective.

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Síndrome Metabólica Equina (SME) é um distúrbio multifatorial caracterizado pelo quadro clínico de laminite em cavalos obesos, submetidos ao consumo de pastagens com elevado teor de carboidratos não estruturais,prioritariamente, caracterizando-se pelo quadro de resistência à insulina e laminite. O diagnóstico é baseado no exame clínico minucioso, aliado a avaliação dos níveis basais de glicose e insulina plasmáticos. A terapia para a SME consiste no manejo da obesidade e da resistência à insulina através da implantação de programa de exercícios físicos planejados, dieta equilibrada e a utilização de fármacos que permitam auxiliam no controle da enfermidade.Não há medidas de controle específicas para a doença. Objetivou-se neste estudo revisar os principais aspectos relacionados à Síndrome Metabólica Equina com ênfase na etiologia, epidemiologia, fisiopatogenia, sinais clínicos,diagnóstico, tratamento, medidas de controle e profilaxia.

Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by clinical laminitis ínhorses obese, submitted to the consumption of pasture with high content of non-structural carboibratos and is characterized primarily by insulin resistance. Diagnosis is based on careful clinical examination, combined with assessment of baseline levels of plasma glucose and insulin. Therapy for EMS basically consists in the managementof obesity and insulin resistance through balanced diet and exercise and use of drugs that allow help to control the disease. No specific control measures for the disease. The objective of this study was to review the main aspectsrelated to Equine Metabolic Syndrome with emphasis on etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control measures.

El síndrome metabólico equino (EMS) es un trastorno multifactorial que se caracteriza por Ia laminitis clínica en caballos obesos, presentado con el consumo de pasto con alto contenido de carboibratos no estructurales y se caracteriza principalmente por Ia resistencia a Ia insulina. EI diagnóstico se basa en Ia exploración clínicacuidadosa, combinada con Ia evaluación de los niveles basales de glucosa e insulina en plasma. Terapia para elccsme consiste básicamente en el manejo de Ia obesidad y Ia resistencia a Ia insulina a través de Ia dieta equilibraday el ejercicio y el uso de fármacos que permitan ayudar a controlar Ia enfermedad. No hay medidas específicas decontrol de Ia enfermedad. EI objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los principales aspectos relacionados con el síndromemetabólico equino, con énfasis en Ias medidas de etiología, epidemiología, fisiopatología, clínica, diagnóstico,tratamiento, prevención y control.

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Síndrome Metabólica Equina (SME) é um distúrbio multifatorial caracterizado pelo quadro clínico de laminite em cavalos obesos, submetidos ao consumo de pastagens com elevado teor de carboidratos não estruturais,prioritariamente, caracterizando-se pelo quadro de resistência à insulina e laminite. O diagnóstico é baseado no exame clínico minucioso, aliado a avaliação dos níveis basais de glicose e insulina plasmáticos. A terapia para a SME consiste no manejo da obesidade e da resistência à insulina através da implantação de programa de exercícios físicos planejados, dieta equilibrada e a utilização de fármacos que permitam auxiliam no controle da enfermidade.Não há medidas de controle específicas para a doença. Objetivou-se neste estudo revisar os principais aspectos relacionados à Síndrome Metabólica Equina com ênfase na etiologia, epidemiologia, fisiopatogenia, sinais clínicos,diagnóstico, tratamento, medidas de controle e profilaxia. (AU)

Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by clinical laminitis ínhorses obese, submitted to the consumption of pasture with high content of non-structural carboibratos and is characterized primarily by insulin resistance. Diagnosis is based on careful clinical examination, combined with assessment of baseline levels of plasma glucose and insulin. Therapy for EMS basically consists in the managementof obesity and insulin resistance through balanced diet and exercise and use of drugs that allow help to control the disease. No specific control measures for the disease. The objective of this study was to review the main aspectsrelated to Equine Metabolic Syndrome with emphasis on etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control measures.(AU)

El síndrome metabólico equino (EMS) es un trastorno multifactorial que se caracteriza por Ia laminitis clínica en caballos obesos, presentado con el consumo de pasto con alto contenido de carboibratos no estructurales y se caracteriza principalmente por Ia resistencia a Ia insulina. EI diagnóstico se basa en Ia exploración clínicacuidadosa, combinada con Ia evaluación de los niveles basales de glucosa e insulina en plasma. Terapia para elccsme consiste básicamente en el manejo de Ia obesidad y Ia resistencia a Ia insulina a través de Ia dieta equilibraday el ejercicio y el uso de fármacos que permitan ayudar a controlar Ia enfermedad. No hay medidas específicas decontrol de Ia enfermedad. EI objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los principales aspectos relacionados con el síndromemetabólico equino, con énfasis en Ias medidas de etiología, epidemiología, fisiopatología, clínica, diagnóstico,tratamiento, prevención y control.(AU)

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência de uma prova de laço em dupla, caracterizado por ser um eresultados permitiu sugerir que os equinos usados estavam aptos ao nível de atividade física imposta.(AU)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a ropping team competition (high intensity and short duration exercise) on glycemy and serum concentrations of cortisol, insuline and triglycerides in horses during competition at Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from 10 Quarter Horses, or cross-bred, in three moments: (1) at rest, one week before the competition, with the animals being trained, (2) just before the competition, and (3) immediately after the exercise. Results showed that the imposed exercise did not influence plasmatic glucose, with mean values of 96.1±12.9mg/dL, 101.3±11.9mg/dL e 100.2±13.9mg/dL, and serum insuline, with mean values of 1.95±1.47μUI/mL, 2.36±1.21μUI/mL e 1.54±1.08μUI/mL, respectively on the moments T0, T1 and T2. Differently, it was possible to observe a positive influence of the exercise over serum triglycerides, with mean values of 17.9±4.7mg/ dL, 23.7±11.8mg/dL e 42.3±20.6mg/dL, and serum cortisol, with mean values of 7.49±3.46mg/dL, 6.86±2.76mg/dL e 10.89±3.99mg/dL, respectively on the moments T0, T1 and T2. It was possible to suggest that horses were adapted to the imposed level of exercise.(AU)

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RESUMEN

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência de uma prova de laço em dupla, caracterizado por ser um eresultados permitiu sugerir que os equinos usados estavam aptos ao nível de atividade física imposta.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a ropping team competition (high intensity and short duration exercise) on glycemy and serum concentrations of cortisol, insuline and triglycerides in horses during competition at Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from 10 Quarter Horses, or cross-bred, in three moments: (1) at rest, one week before the competition, with the animals being trained, (2) just before the competition, and (3) immediately after the exercise. Results showed that the imposed exercise did not influence plasmatic glucose, with mean values of 96.1±12.9mg/dL, 101.3±11.9mg/dL e 100.2±13.9mg/dL, and serum insuline, with mean values of 1.95±1.47μUI/mL, 2.36±1.21μUI/mL e 1.54±1.08μUI/mL, respectively on the moments T0, T1 and T2. Differently, it was possible to observe a positive influence of the exercise over serum triglycerides, with mean values of 17.9±4.7mg/ dL, 23.7±11.8mg/dL e 42.3±20.6mg/dL, and serum cortisol, with mean values of 7.49±3.46mg/dL, 6.86±2.76mg/dL e 10.89±3.99mg/dL, respectively on the moments T0, T1 and T2. It was possible to suggest that horses were adapted to the imposed level of exercise.

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