RESUMEN
Ventricular arrhythmias (VA) are a recognized concern in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). The coupling interval (CI) and the prematurity index (PI) have been shown to accurately differentiate between benign and malignant VA in people, where ventricular arrhythmias are known to be associated with an increased risk of development of signs of heart failure or sudden death. In this study, we characterized ventricular arrhythmias in dogs with symptomatic and asymptomatic DMVD. Seventy dogs with naturally-occurring DMVD and ventricular arrhythmias were retrospectively studied. A cross-sectional investigation including dogs with either symptomatic (stages C/D; n = 41) or asymptomatic (stages B1/B2; n = 29) DMVD was performed. Electrocardiographic tracings were reviewed to calculate both the CI and PI. In eight dogs these indices were compared with those obtained from both a Holter recording and a standard ECG tracing and no statistical differences were found (CI, p = 0.97; PI, p = 0.17). Even though CI and PI were determined in all animals enrolled in the study, VPC characteristics were only compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs when a 24-h Holter recording was available (n = 49). The PI was different (p = 0.01) between symptomatic (0.65 ± 0.17) and asymptomatic (0.56 ± 0.18) dogs, but CI was considered similar (p = 0.91). Also, the symptomatic dogs had more polymorphic VPC (p = 0.002) and supraventricular arrhythmias (p = 0.0002) than the asymptomatic animals. Polymorphism, and repeating patterns of ventricular premature complexes, were characteristics frequently present in overtly symptomatic animals affected by mitral endocardiosis.
Asunto(s)
Arritmias Cardíacas/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/fisiopatología , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/veterinaria , Animales , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Arritmias Cardíacas/fisiopatología , Estudios Transversales , Perros , Electrocardiografía/veterinaria , Válvula Mitral/fisiopatología , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) is a useful and assessable index, obtained from standard ECG recordings, that is used to estimate heart rate variability (HRV), and may provide valuable information regarding the likelihood of progression into congestive heart failure (CHF). In this paperwork, we investigated how the vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) behaves in dogs with naturally-occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) Electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings and echocardiographic data of 120 patients diagnosed with MMVD were reviewed. The VVTI was calculated from twenty consecutive RR intervals for each dog enrolled in the study. Lower VVTI values were found in MMVD patients in American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) stage C compared with stages B1 and B2. Values were also lower in patients with severe cardiac remodeling. When a cut-off value of 6.66 is used, VVTI was able to discriminate MMVD patients in stage C from B1 and B2 dogs with a sensitivity of 70 per cent and a specificity of 77 per cent. MMVD dogs in which VVTI is lower than 6.66 are 30% more likely to develop congestive heart failure (CHF).(AU)
O índice de tônus vasovagal (ITVV) é uma ferramenta útil e acessível, obtida por meio de traçados eletrocardiográficos convencionais (ECG), utilizada para calcular a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC), podendo também fornecer informações valiosas referentes à probabilidade de desenvolvimento de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC). Neste trabalho, foi investigado como o ITVV se comporta em cães com degeneração mixomatosa da valva mitral (DMVM) de ocorrência natural, ECGs e exames ecocardiográficos de 120 pacientes diagnosticados com DMVM foram avaliados. O ITVV foi calculado a partir de 20 intervalos RR consecutivos para cada cão envolvido. Valores menores de ITVV foram encontrados em pacientes em estágio C de doença mitral pela classificação do American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM), comparado com pacientes em estágio B1 e B2. Valores também foram menores em pacientes com remodelamento cardíaco importante. Quando um valor de corte de 6,66 foi usado, o ITVV foi capaz de distinguir pacientes em estágio C de B1 e B2 com uma sensibilidade de 70 por cento e uma especificidade de 77 por cento. Cães com DMVM cujo ITVV é menor que 6,66 são 30% mais propensos a evoluírem para ICC.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Perros/fisiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/veterinaria , Válvula Mitral/anomalías , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/veterinaria , Electrocardiografía/veterinaria , Frecuencia CardíacaRESUMEN
The vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) is a useful and assessable index, obtained from standard ECG recordings, that is used to estimate heart rate variability (HRV), and may provide valuable information regarding the likelihood of progression into congestive heart failure (CHF). In this paperwork, we investigated how the vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) behaves in dogs with naturally-occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) Electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings and echocardiographic data of 120 patients diagnosed with MMVD were reviewed. The VVTI was calculated from twenty consecutive RR intervals for each dog enrolled in the study. Lower VVTI values were found in MMVD patients in American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) stage C compared with stages B1 and B2. Values were also lower in patients with severe cardiac remodeling. When a cut-off value of 6.66 is used, VVTI was able to discriminate MMVD patients in stage C from B1 and B2 dogs with a sensitivity of 70 per cent and a specificity of 77 per cent. MMVD dogs in which VVTI is lower than 6.66 are 30% more likely to develop congestive heart failure (CHF).(AU)
O índice de tônus vasovagal (ITVV) é uma ferramenta útil e acessível, obtida por meio de traçados eletrocardiográficos convencionais (ECG), utilizada para calcular a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC), podendo também fornecer informações valiosas referentes à probabilidade de desenvolvimento de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC). Neste trabalho, foi investigado como o ITVV se comporta em cães com degeneração mixomatosa da valva mitral (DMVM) de ocorrência natural, ECGs e exames ecocardiográficos de 120 pacientes diagnosticados com DMVM foram avaliados. O ITVV foi calculado a partir de 20 intervalos RR consecutivos para cada cão envolvido. Valores menores de ITVV foram encontrados em pacientes em estágio C de doença mitral pela classificação do American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM), comparado com pacientes em estágio B1 e B2. Valores também foram menores em pacientes com remodelamento cardíaco importante. Quando um valor de corte de 6,66 foi usado, o ITVV foi capaz de distinguir pacientes em estágio C de B1 e B2 com uma sensibilidade de 70 por cento e uma especificidade de 77 por cento. Cães com DMVM cujo ITVV é menor que 6,66 são 30% mais propensos a evoluírem para ICC.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Perros/fisiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/veterinaria , Válvula Mitral/anomalías , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/veterinaria , Electrocardiografía/veterinaria , Frecuencia CardíacaRESUMEN
Background: Chronic mitral valve regurgitation is the most common heart disease in dogs. It is caused by myxomatous mitral valve degeneration, an acquired degenerative disease that can lead to congestive heart failure. Pimobendan is a mixed action drug, with inotropic and vasodilator proprieties, widely used to treat such dogs. Amlodipine is a pure vasodilator drug used as an anti-hypertensive agent, with no inotropic effects. This study aimed to compare echocardiographic, electrocardiographic and blood pressure parameters between dogs with congestive heart failure treated with pimobendan and those treated with amlodipine in addition to conventional therapy. Materials, Methods & Results: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted in dogs with stage C chronic mitral valve regurgitation according to the 2009 American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) guidelines, who weighed up to 15 kg. Randomization was performed using appropriate software and the sealed envelope technique. Blinding of the owner, the main researcher, and the person who performed the clinical analysis was guaranteed by the use of identical capsules and bottles for both pimobendan and amlodipine. Statistical analysis was performed using specialized software. Eligibility was determined by predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Dogs with cardiac disease other than mitral [...]
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Ecocardiografía , Electrocardiografía/veterinaria , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/veterinaria , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/veterinaria , Presión Arterial , Amlodipino , Estándares de Referencia , Válvula MitralRESUMEN
Background: Chronic mitral valve regurgitation is the most common heart disease in dogs. It is caused by myxomatous mitral valve degeneration, an acquired degenerative disease that can lead to congestive heart failure. Pimobendan is a mixed action drug, with inotropic and vasodilator proprieties, widely used to treat such dogs. Amlodipine is a pure vasodilator drug used as an anti-hypertensive agent, with no inotropic effects. This study aimed to compare echocardiographic, electrocardiographic and blood pressure parameters between dogs with congestive heart failure treated with pimobendan and those treated with amlodipine in addition to conventional therapy. Materials, Methods & Results: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted in dogs with stage C chronic mitral valve regurgitation according to the 2009 American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) guidelines, who weighed up to 15 kg. Randomization was performed using appropriate software and the sealed envelope technique. Blinding of the owner, the main researcher, and the person who performed the clinical analysis was guaranteed by the use of identical capsules and bottles for both pimobendan and amlodipine. Statistical analysis was performed using specialized software. Eligibility was determined by predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Dogs with cardiac disease other than mitral [...](AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Ecocardiografía , Electrocardiografía/veterinaria , Presión Arterial , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/veterinaria , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/veterinaria , Amlodipino , Válvula Mitral , Estándares de ReferenciaRESUMEN
A tonometria de aplanação é um método capaz de aferir a pressão sanguínea dentro de uma artéria. Além de especulações sobre a razão das variações de amplitude as ondas de pulso femoral em cães com doença degenerativa valvar mitral crônica (DVMDC), em medicina, já está demonstrado que muitos sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca em pessoas são atribuíveis a anormalidades funcionais vasculares periféricas e não estão muito associados com parâmetros hemodinâmicos centrais. Desse modo, este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade da tonometria vascular em cães e avaliar as medidas de pressão na artéria femoral de cães saudáveis e compará-las com as de cães com regurgitação mitral devido a DVMDC. Além disso, os parâmetros tonométricos foram correlacionados com índices cardíacos obtidos pela ecocardiografia. Os dados foram obtidos de 10 cães saudáveis e de 10 cães com DVMDC com regurgitação mitral à ecocardiografia. Observou-se que o período de pré-condução da onda de pulso foi significantemente menor nos animais com DVMDC do que nos saudáveis. Houve uma forte correlação entre a pressão sistólica da artéria femoral com parâmetros determinantes da função sistólica do coração, nos animais saudáveis. A tonometria por aplanação da artéria femoral foi uma técnica aplicável em cães
Applanation tonometry is a method capable of measuring blood pressure in an artery. In addition to speculation about the reason for the variations in amplitude of femoral pulse waves in dogs with chronic degenerative mitral valve disease (CDMVD), in medicine, it has been demonstrated that many symptoms of heart failure in people are attributable to peripheral vascular functional abnormalities, and they are not highly associated with central hemodynamic parameters. Thus, this study aimed to verify the applicability of the vascular tonometry in dogs, to evaluate the pressure measures of the femoral artery in healthy dogs, and compare them with those of dogs with mitral regurgitation due to CDMVD. Moreover, the parameters established for tonometry were correlated with cardiac index obtained by echocardiography. For this, the data were obtained from 10 healthy dogs and 10 dogs with CDMVD with mitral regurgitation on echocardiography. We observed that the pre-conduction period of the femoral pulse wave was significantly lower in CDMVD than in healthy animals. There was a strong correlation between systolic pressure of the femoral artery with determining parameters of cardiac systolic function in healthy animals. The applanation tonometry of the femoral artery was an applicable technique in dogs
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Arteria Femoral/patología , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/veterinaria , Ecocardiografía/veterinaria , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/veterinaria , Manometría/veterinaria , Presión SanguíneaRESUMEN
A tonometria de aplanação é um método capaz de aferir a pressão sanguínea dentro de uma artéria. Além de especulações sobre a razão das variações de amplitude as ondas de pulso femoral em cães com doença degenerativa valvar mitral crônica (DVMDC), em medicina, já está demonstrado que muitos sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca em pessoas são atribuíveis a anormalidades funcionais vasculares periféricas e não estão muito associados com parâmetros hemodinâmicos centrais. Desse modo, este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade da tonometria vascular em cães e avaliar as medidas de pressão na artéria femoral de cães saudáveis e compará-las com as de cães com regurgitação mitral devido a DVMDC. Além disso, os parâmetros tonométricos foram correlacionados com índices cardíacos obtidos pela ecocardiografia. Os dados foram obtidos de 10 cães saudáveis e de 10 cães com DVMDC com regurgitação mitral à ecocardiografia. Observou-se que o período de pré-condução da onda de pulso foi significantemente menor nos animais com DVMDC do que nos saudáveis. Houve uma forte correlação entre a pressão sistólica da artéria femoral com parâmetros determinantes da função sistólica do coração, nos animais saudáveis. A tonometria por aplanação da artéria femoral foi uma técnica aplicável em cães(AU)
Applanation tonometry is a method capable of measuring blood pressure in an artery. In addition to speculation about the reason for the variations in amplitude of femoral pulse waves in dogs with chronic degenerative mitral valve disease (CDMVD), in medicine, it has been demonstrated that many symptoms of heart failure in people are attributable to peripheral vascular functional abnormalities, and they are not highly associated with central hemodynamic parameters. Thus, this study aimed to verify the applicability of the vascular tonometry in dogs, to evaluate the pressure measures of the femoral artery in healthy dogs, and compare them with those of dogs with mitral regurgitation due to CDMVD. Moreover, the parameters established for tonometry were correlated with cardiac index obtained by echocardiography. For this, the data were obtained from 10 healthy dogs and 10 dogs with CDMVD with mitral regurgitation on echocardiography. We observed that the pre-conduction period of the femoral pulse wave was significantly lower in CDMVD than in healthy animals. There was a strong correlation between systolic pressure of the femoral artery with determining parameters of cardiac systolic function in healthy animals. The applanation tonometry of the femoral artery was an applicable technique in dogs(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Arteria Femoral/patología , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/veterinaria , Manometría/veterinaria , Ecocardiografía/veterinaria , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/veterinaria , Presión SanguíneaRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of carvedilol treatment and a regimen of supervised aerobic exercise training on quality of life and other clinical, echocardiographic, and biochemical variables in a group of client-owned dogs with chronic mitral valve disease (CMVD). Ten healthy dogs (control) and 36 CMVD dogs were studied, with the latter group divided into 3 subgroups. In addition to conventional treatment (benazepril, 0.3-0.5 mg/kg once a day, and digoxin, 0.0055 mg/kg twice daily), 13 dogs received exercise training (subgroup I; 10.3 ± 2.1 years), 10 dogs received carvedilol (0.3 mg/kg twice daily) and exercise training (subgroup II; 10.8 ± 1.7 years), and 13 dogs received only carvedilol (subgroup III; 10.9 ± 2.1 years). All drugs were administered orally. Clinical, laboratory, and Doppler echocardiographic variables were evaluated at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Exercise training was conducted from months 3-6. The mean speed rate during training increased for both subgroups I and II (ANOVA, P>0.001), indicating improvement in physical conditioning at the end of the exercise period. Quality of life and functional class was improved for all subgroups at the end of the study. The N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level increased in subgroup I from baseline to 3 months, but remained stable after training introduction (from 3 to 6 months). For subgroups II and III, NT-proBNP levels remained stable during the entire study. No difference was observed for the other variables between the three evaluation periods. The combination of carvedilol or exercise training with conventional treatment in CMVD dogs led to improvements in quality of life and functional class. Therefore, light walking in CMVD dogs must be encouraged.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapéutico , Carbazoles/uso terapéutico , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/veterinaria , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/estadística & datos numéricos , Propanolaminas/uso terapéutico , Calidad de Vida , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Carvedilol , Perros , Ecocardiografía Doppler/veterinaria , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Ácido Láctico/sangre , Masculino , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/terapia , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico/sangre , Fragmentos de Péptidos/sangre , Estudios Prospectivos , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of carvedilol treatment and a regimen of supervised aerobic exercise training on quality of life and other clinical, echocardiographic, and biochemical variables in a group of client-owned dogs with chronic mitral valve disease (CMVD). Ten healthy dogs (control) and 36 CMVD dogs were studied, with the latter group divided into 3 subgroups. In addition to conventional treatment (benazepril, 0.3-0.5 mg/kg once a day, and digoxin, 0.0055 mg/kg twice daily), 13 dogs received exercise training (subgroup I; 10.3±2.1 years), 10 dogs received carvedilol (0.3 mg/kg twice daily) and exercise training (subgroup II; 10.8±1.7 years), and 13 dogs received only carvedilol (subgroup III; 10.9±2.1 years). All drugs were administered orally. Clinical, laboratory, and Doppler echocardiographic variables were evaluated at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Exercise training was conducted from months 3-6. The mean speed rate during training increased for both subgroups I and II (ANOVA, P>0.001), indicating improvement in physical conditioning at the end of the exercise period. Quality of life and functional class was improved for all subgroups at the end of the study. The N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level increased in subgroup I from baseline to 3 months, but remained stable after training introduction (from 3 to 6 months). For subgroups II and III, NT-proBNP levels remained stable during the entire study. No difference was observed for the other variables between the three evaluation periods. The combination of carvedilol or exercise training with conventional treatment in CMVD dogs led to improvements in quality of life and functional class. Therefore, light walking in CMVD dogs must be encouraged.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapéutico , Carbazoles/uso terapéutico , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/veterinaria , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/estadística & datos numéricos , Propanolaminas/uso terapéutico , Calidad de Vida , Análisis de Varianza , Ecocardiografía Doppler/veterinaria , Estudios de Seguimiento , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Ácido Láctico/sangre , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/terapia , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico/sangre , Estudios Prospectivos , Fragmentos de Péptidos/sangre , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
Murmurs and arrhythmias are commonly detected in equine athletes. Assessing the relevance of these cardiovascular abnormalities in the performance horse can be challenging. Determining the impact of a cardiovascular disorder on performance, life expectancy, horse and rider or driver safety relative to the owner's future expectations is paramount. A comprehensive assessment of the cardiovascular abnormality detected is essential to determine its severity and achieve these aims. This consensus statement presents a general approach to the assessment of cardiovascular abnormalities, followed by a discussion of the common murmurs and arrhythmias. The description, diagnosis, evaluation, and prognosis are considered for each cardiovascular abnormality. The recommendations presented herein are based on available literature and a consensus of the panelists. While the majority of horses with cardiovascular abnormalities have a useful performance life, periodic reexaminations are indicated for those with clinically relevant cardiovascular disease. Horses with pulmonary hypertension, CHF, or complex ventricular arrhythmias should not be ridden or driven.
Asunto(s)
Anomalías Cardiovasculares/veterinaria , Caballos/anomalías , Animales , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica/veterinaria , Arritmias Cardíacas/veterinaria , Fibrilación Atrial/veterinaria , Anomalías Cardiovasculares/terapia , Soplos Cardíacos/veterinaria , Defectos del Tabique Interventricular/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/terapia , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/veterinaria , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide/veterinariaAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/veterinaria , Prolapso de la Válvula Mitral/veterinaria , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Perros , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Japón/epidemiología , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/epidemiología , Prolapso de la Válvula Mitral/epidemiología , Prolapso de la Válvula Mitral/patología , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To report the outcome of partial external mitral annuloplasty in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) due to mitral regurgitation caused by myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD). ANIMALS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine client-owned dogs with CHF due to mitral regurgitation caused by MMVD. Surgery consisted of a double row of pledget-butressed continuous suture lines placed into the left ventricle parallel and just ventral to the atrioventricular groove between the subsinuosal branch of the left circumflex coronary artery and the paraconal branch of the left coronary artery. RESULTS: Two dogs died during surgery because of severe hemorrhage. Two dogs died 12 and 36 h after surgery because of acute myocardial infarction. Three dogs were euthanized 2 and 4 weeks after surgery because of progression of CHF, 1 was euthanized 30 days after surgery for non-cardiac disease, and 1 survived for 48 months. In the 5 dogs that survived to discharge there was no significant change in the left atrium to aortic ratio with surgery (3.6 ± 0.56 before surgery; 3.1 ± 0.4 after surgery; p = 0.182), and no significant change in mitral regurgitant fraction in 4 dogs in which this measurement was made (78.7 ± 2.0% before surgery; 68.7 ± 7.5% after surgery; p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Partial external mitral annuloplasty in dogs with CHF due to MMVD was associated with high perioperative mortality and most dogs that survived to discharge failed to show clinically relevant palliation from this procedure. Consequently, partial external mitral annuloplasty is not a viable option for dogs with mitral regurgitation due to MMVD that has progressed to the stage of CHF.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/veterinaria , Anuloplastia de la Válvula Mitral/veterinaria , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/veterinaria , Animales , Perros , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/cirugía , Masculino , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/cirugíaRESUMEN
Los autores establecen el valor de la planimetría atrial izquierda en perros normales y estudian su correlación con el peso corporal. El cálculo del coeficiente de determinación indicó que la variable peso es altamente predictiva del tamaño atrial izquierdo (R2=0,96), estableciéndo se la ecuación de regresión lineal Área/Peso como AREA = 1.2111 + 0.2645 x Peso corporal
The authors establish the value of left atrial planimetry in normal dogs and study their correlation with body weight. The calculation of the determination coefficient indicated that the variable weight is strongly predictive of left atrial size (R2=0,96) and establish the linear regression equation Area / Mass as AREA = 1.2111 + 0.2645 x body weight
Asunto(s)
Masculino , Animales , Ecocardiografía/veterinaria , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/veterinariaRESUMEN
Los autores establecen el valor de la planimetría atrial izquierda en perros normales y estudian su correlación con el peso corporal. El cálculo del coeficiente de determinación indicó que la variable peso es altamente predictiva del tamaño atrial izquierdo (R2=0,96), estableciéndo se la ecuación de regresión lineal Área/Peso como AREA = 1.2111 + 0.2645 x Peso corporal(AU)
The authors establish the value of left atrial planimetry in normal dogs and study their correlation with body weight. The calculation of the determination coefficient indicated that the variable weight is strongly predictive of left atrial size (R2=0,96) and establish the linear regression equation Area / Mass as AREA = 1.2111 + 0.2645 x body weight(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ecocardiografía/veterinaria , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/veterinariaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system occurs during the development of heart failure in dogs with chronic mitral valvular disease (CMVD). HYPOTHESIS: The use of beta-blockers to modulate the activation of the sympathetic nervous system would be useful in dogs with CMVD. ANIMALS: Group A included 13 dogs who received the conventional treatment (digoxin, benazepril, a reduced sodium diet, and codeine, and a diuretic when indicated), and group B included 12 dogs who received the protocol above plus carvedilol (0.3 mg/kg q12h). METHODS: Blinded, placebo, controlled study. RESULTS: The main echodopplercardiographic variables, heart rate, biochemical data, functional classification (FC) (New York Heart Association) and quality of life score (functional evaluation of cardiac health questionnaire) were assessed at baseline (TO) and after 3 months (T1). Only group B showed improvement in score of quality of life (13.8 +/- 8.8 versus 6.0 +/- 6.3; P < .001), in FC (2.4 - 0.9 versus 1.8 +/- 0.7; P = .032) and a reduction in systolic blood pressure (151.2 +/- 18.3 versus 124.5 +/- 23.4; P = .021). Two deaths from group A and 1 from B were related to CMVD. CONCLUSION: The studied dose of carvedilol in this group did not improve the sympathetic activation and echocardiographic variables over 3 months of chronic oral treatment. However, the results suggested a beneficial effect on the quality of life score, functional classification, and a reduction on systolic blood pressure.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapéutico , Carbazoles/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/veterinaria , Propanolaminas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Carvedilol , Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Enfermedades de los Perros/fisiopatología , Perros , Ecocardiografía Doppler/veterinaria , Femenino , Masculino , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/sangre , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/tratamiento farmacológico , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/fisiopatología , Norepinefrina/sangre , Calidad de Vida , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate correlations between plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and Doppler echocardiographic variables for dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) or dilatative cardiomyopathy (DCM) to better understand the time course and magnitude of sympathetic activation in dogs with heart failure (HF). ANIMALS: 15 healthy dogs, 15 dogs with DMVD, and 15 dogs with DCM. PROCEDURES: Dogs were positioned in lateral recumbency with minimal restraint for at least 20 minutes. Plasma samples were obtained and assayed by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Concentrations were correlated with HF classification and with the main Doppler echocardiographic variables for each group. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD norepinephrine concentration was significantly higher in dogs with DMVD (494.4 +/- 204.8 pg/mL) or DCM (655.7 +/- 652.5 pg/mL) than in healthy dogs (205.8 +/- 78.9 pg/mL), but concentrations did not differ significantly between the 2 groups with HF. Correlations were not detected between norepinephrine and heart rate or any M-mode echocardiographic variables evaluated, except for fractional shortening (FS) in DCM dogs. In that group, norepinephrine was inversely correlated with FS values. In DMVD dogs, no significant correlation was found between norepinephrine and the left atrium-to-aortic root ratio or mitral regurgitation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A proportional inverse correlation exists between norepinephrine and FS values in dogs with DCM. However, norepinephrine concentration was not correlated with the evaluated echocardiographic variables in dogs with DMVD. Sympathetic antagonists should be evaluated as a treatment option because of the increased plasma concentrations of norepinephrine detected in dogs with HF.
Asunto(s)
Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Enfermedades de los Perros/fisiopatología , Ecocardiografía Doppler/veterinaria , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/veterinaria , Norepinefrina/sangre , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/fisiología , Animales , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/sangre , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/fisiopatología , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/sangre , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Endocardial fibroelastosis is an uncommon congenital heart disease in dogs that may be manifested by signs of left-sided congestive heart failure. A three-month-old, male, Fila Brasileiro dog developed signs of generalised heart failure. Physical examination revealed normal temperature, ascites, and pale and cyanotic mucous membranes. The pup died just after radiography which revealed ascites, hepatomegaly, severe cardiac enlargement and pulmonary oedema. At necropsy, serosanguineous fluid in the thorax and abdomen, pulmonary oedema, right ventricular dilatation, hypertrophy and dilatation of the left ventricle, and mitral valve incompetence were observed. The histopathological examination demonstrated that the thickening of the endocardium of the left atrium and left ventricle was due to the presence of elastic and collagen fibres, although there were no signs of an inflammatory process.