RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to describe the cost and factors associated with the hospitalization of patients undergoing heart transplantation. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach developed at an important heart transplant center in southern Brazil. Twenty patients who had undergone transplantation during the period 2007 to 2016 were included in the study. Central tendency measures and values presented as mean ± SD or median and quartiles were calculated. Multiple linear regression was performed to verify the variables that interfered with the cost. RESULTS: The cost of hospitalization of patients undergoing heart transplantation was $522,997.26 in Brazilian reals ($220,002.58 in US dollars). The Brazilian public health system was responsible for paying the hospital bill of all patients. Female sex, patients up to 40 years of age, and length of stay in the hospital units were variables that were related to the highest values for the hospital service. Clinical complications of the patients during the hospitalization period were also factors that were related to the greater length of stay in the hospitalization units, reflecting higher expenses for the health institution. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for health managers to implement strategies that will minimize complications, such as health care-related infections, that can be prevented during hospitalization and to stimulate the allocation of resources in order to improve care and reduce hospital expenses.
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Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/cirugía , Trasplante de Corazón/economía , Hospitalización/economía , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Costos de la Atención en Salud , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación/economía , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Advanced heart failure (HF) therapies, such as heart transplantation, are resource intensive and costly. In Brazil, only one-fifth of the estimated population need is fulfilled. We examined cost expenditures of heart transplants in a public institution in Brazil. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used microcosting analysis (time-driven activity-based costing) to examine total costs and individual cost components related to the index transplant hospital admission of all consecutive heart transplant recipients at a single center from July 2015 to June 2017. Average total cost for the 27 patients included was US$ 74,341 which exceeds the reimbursement value per patient by 60%. Major cost drivers were hospital structure and personnel, similarly to what is observed in the United States (US) and other developed countries. Total costs for index transplant admission were â¼50% lower than in the US, but approximate to values reported in some European countries. Costs of heart transplantation in Brazil were lower than those reported for developed countries, and higher than national reimbursement values. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced microcosting methodologies represent an important quality contribution to economic studies in health care and may provide insights for transplant-related health care policies in developing countries.
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Costos de la Atención en Salud , Gastos en Salud/tendencias , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/cirugía , Trasplante de Corazón/economía , Hospitalización/economía , Adulto , Brasil , Costos y Análisis de Costo , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é, hoje, um dos principais problemas de saúde nos países desenvolvidos e provoca importante redução da qualidade de vida, sendo, ainda, uma importante causa de internação em todas as regiões brasileiras. Objetivos: descrever o número de internações por IC por regiões brasileiras no ano de 2017 e o impacto dessas internações nos custos hospitalares. Analisar o número de internações por regiões. Discutir a média de permanência de internações hospitalares por regiões. Comparar a média de permanência e a taxa de mortalidade por regiões. Avaliar o impacto dos custos hospitalares por internação, por regiões. Metodologia: pesquisa de natureza quantitativa, descritiva, realizada no ano de 2017, baseada em dados secundários, constituídos por informações de saúde coletadas no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), a partir do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH/SUS). Resultados: no Brasil, no ano de 2017, foi verificado um total de internações por IC de 208.111, correspondente a um valor total de R$ 339.719.216,50 de custos hospitalares por IC, com uma média de permanência total de 7,5 dias de internamento por IC e uma taxa de mortalidade de 11%. Destaca-se uma forte correlação entre média de permanência e a taxa de mortalidade, tendo como resultado r = 0,871. Conclusão: as internações de indivíduos por IC correspondem a um alto risco, por ser esperada uma taxa de mortalidade elevada nesse perfil de pacientes. Melhoria na qualidade assistencial e maiores ações por parte do governo são necessárias para conscientizar a população sobre os meios de prevenção e o tratamento correto da a insuficiência cardíaca, responsável pela maior taxa de mortalidade no Brasil.
Heart Failure (HF) is today one of the main health problems in developed countries and causes substantial reduction of quality of life and is still an important cause of hospitalization in all Brazilian regions. Objectives: describe the number of hospitalizations by HF for Brazilian regions in the year 2017 and the impact of these of these hospitalization in hospital costs. Analyze the number of hospitalizations by region. Discuss the average stay of hospitalization by regions. Compare average permanence and mortality rate by region. Evaluate the impact of hospital costs for hospitalization by regions. Methodology: research of quantitative, descriptive nature, defined in secondary data in the period of 2017, based on health information, with data collected from National Health System Computer Department (DATASUS), from the Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS). Results: it was viewed in Brazil, in the year 2017, a total of 208,111 hospitalizations due to HF, a total amount of R$ 339.719.216,50 of hospital costs by HF, an average of 7.5 days total stay of hospitalization due to HF and a mortality rate of 11%. A strong correlation between average permanence and mortality rate, resulting in r = 0.87. Conclusion: the hospitalizations of individuals by HF represent a high risk group, therefore, a high mortality rate in this profile of hospitalization is expected. Healthcare quality improvement are needed and biggest actions on the part of the Government to educate the public about how to prevent the HF and how to treat correctly the appearance of this which is still responsible for greater mortality rate in Brazil, the heart failure.
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Humanos , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Costos de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/mortalidad , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil/epidemiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economíaAsunto(s)
Humanos , Fibrilación Atrial/epidemiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/epidemiología , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Fibrilación Atrial/economía , Prevalencia , Costos de la Atención en Salud , Costo de Enfermedad , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economía , Hipertensión/economía , México/epidemiología , Infarto del Miocardio/economíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Heart conditions impose physical, social, financial and health-related quality of life limitations on individuals in Brazil. OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the economic burden of four main heart conditions in Brazil: hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of telemedicine and structured telephone support for the management of heart failure was assessed. METHODS: A standard cost of illness framework was used to assess the costs associated with the four conditions in 2015. The analysis assessed the prevalence of the four conditions and, in the case of myocardial infarction, also its incidence. It further assessed the conditions' associated expenditures on healthcare treatment, productivity losses from reduced employment, costs of providing formal and informal care, and lost wellbeing. The analysis was informed by a targeted literature review, data scan and modelling. All inputs and methods were validated by consulting 15 clinicians and other stakeholders in Brazil. The cost-effectiveness analysis was based on a meta-analysis and economic evaluation of post-discharge programs in patients with heart failure, assessed from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified Healthcare System (Sistema Unico de Saude). RESULTS: Myocardial infarction imposes the greatest financial cost (22.4 billion reais/6.9 billion USD), followed by heart failure (22.1 billion reais/6.8 billion USD), hypertension (8 billion reais/2.5 billion USD) and, finally, atrial fibrillation (3.9 billion reais/1.2 billion USD). Telemedicine and structured telephone support are cost-effective interventions for achieving improvements in the management of heart failure. CONCLUSIONS: Heart conditions impose substantial loss of wellbeing and financial costs in Brazil and should be a public health priority.
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Costos de la Atención en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Cardiopatías/economía , Fibrilación Atrial/economía , Fibrilación Atrial/terapia , Brasil , Cardiopatías/terapia , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Hipertensión/economía , Hipertensión/terapia , Infarto del Miocardio/economía , Telemedicina/economía , TeléfonoRESUMEN
Introduction: It is undeniable that costs of medical care in chronic diseases has increased. There are multiple reasons: population aging, associated pathologies late complications, available high cost health technologies. Heart failure is one of the main causes of global death and morbidity, being the final consequence of cardiac diseases and hypertension, fulfilling criteria of becoming a high costs pathology. We are going to evaluate direct medical costs of hospitalization due to heart failure from the vision of those who manage health resources. Materials and Methods: Observational, retrospective cohort using secondary databases from the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Adult population with diagnosed heart failure that required hospitalization with discharge diagnosis of heart failure between 2007 and 2011. Results: The main cost component was attributable to hospital bed, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The average incidence of hospitalizations during the period was 11.4 per 10,000 patients / year. Overall mortality in the episode rate was 0.25% per year and 28.8 % overall 60% Conclusion: The most important decision seems decide whether management can be done on an outpatient basis or not, using heart failures guidelines to optimize time of admission, auxiliary diagnostic methods and medications used.
Introducción: Es innegable el incremento de los costos de los cuidados médicos de las enfermedades crónicas. Existen múltiples razones: envejecimiento poblacional, complicaciones tardías de las patologías asociadas y disponibilidad de tecnologías sanitarias de alto costo. La insuficiencia cardiaca es una de las principales causas mundiales de mortalidad y morbilidad, siendo la consecuencia final de las enfermedades cardíacas y la hipertensión arterial, cumpliendo criterios para convertirse en una patología de gran consumo de recursos. En el presente trabajo estudiaremos los costos de la insuficiencia cardiaca desde la visión de quienes gestionan los recursos sanitarios. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, de cohorte retrospectiva utilizando bases de datos secundarias del Plan de Salud del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Población adulta con diagnóstico de insuficiencia cardiaca que hayan requerido internación con diagnóstico al egreso de insuficiencia cardiaca entre los años 2007 y 2011.ResultadosEl principal componente de los costos fue atribuible a la estadía hospitalaria, las intervenciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas. La incidencia media de internaciones durante el período fue de 11.4 por cada 10.000 pacientes/año. La mortalidad global en el episodio índice fue del 0,25%, al año 28,8% y global del 60%ConclusiónLa decisión más importante parece ser decidir si el manejo puede hacerse ambulatoriamente o no, poniendo en marcha guías de manejo de la insuficiencia cardiaca para optimizar tiempos de internación, métodos auxiliares de diagnóstico y los medicamentos utilizados. Resultados: El principal componente de los costos fue atribuible a la estadía hospitalaria, las intervenciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas. La incidencia media de internaciones durante el período fue de 11.4 por cada 10.000 pacientes/año. La mortalidad global en el episodio índice fue del 0,25%, al año 28,8% y global del 60% Conclusión: La decisión más importante parece ser decidir si el manejo puede hacerse ambulatoriamente o no, poniendo en marcha guías de manejo de la insuficiencia cardiaca para optimizar tiempos de internación, métodos auxiliares de diagnóstico y los medicamentos utilizados.
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Costos Directos de Servicios/estadística & datos numéricos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economía , Hospitalización/economía , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Argentina/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Gastos en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/mortalidad , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Abstract Background: Heart conditions impose physical, social, financial and health-related quality of life limitations on individuals in Brazil. Objectives: This study assessed the economic burden of four main heart conditions in Brazil: hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of telemedicine and structured telephone support for the management of heart failure was assessed. Methods: A standard cost of illness framework was used to assess the costs associated with the four conditions in 2015. The analysis assessed the prevalence of the four conditions and, in the case of myocardial infarction, also its incidence. It further assessed the conditions' associated expenditures on healthcare treatment, productivity losses from reduced employment, costs of providing formal and informal care, and lost wellbeing. The analysis was informed by a targeted literature review, data scan and modelling. All inputs and methods were validated by consulting 15 clinicians and other stakeholders in Brazil. The cost-effectiveness analysis was based on a meta-analysis and economic evaluation of post-discharge programs in patients with heart failure, assessed from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified Healthcare System (Sistema Unico de Saude). Results: Myocardial infarction imposes the greatest financial cost (22.4 billion reais/6.9 billion USD), followed by heart failure (22.1 billion reais/6.8 billion USD), hypertension (8 billion reais/2.5 billion USD) and, finally, atrial fibrillation (3.9 billion reais/1.2 billion USD). Telemedicine and structured telephone support are cost-effective interventions for achieving improvements in the management of heart failure. Conclusions: Heart conditions impose substantial loss of wellbeing and financial costs in Brazil and should be a public health priority.
Resumo Fundamento: As doenças cardíacas impõem limitações à qualidade de vida nos aspectos físicos, sociais, financeiros e de saúde no Brasil. Objetivos: Este estudo avaliou o custo de quatro importantes doenças cardíacas no Brasil: hipertensão, insuficiência cardíaca, infarto do miocárdio e fibrilação atrial. Além disso, avaliou a relação de custo-efetividade de telemedicina e suporte telefônico estruturado para o manejo de insuficiência cardíaca. Métodos: Um custo padrão da estrutura de enfermidade foi usado para avaliar os custos associados às quatro condições em 2015. Analisou-se a prevalência das quatro doenças e, em caso de infarto do miocárdio, também sua incidência. Avaliaram-se ainda as despesas associadas ao tratamento, a perda de produtividade a partir da redução do emprego, os custos do fornecimento de assistência formal e informal e o bem-estar perdido referentes às condições. A análise teve por base uma revisão de literatura-alvo, varredura de dados e modelagem. Todos os inputs e métodos foram validados por 15 clínicos consultores e outras partes interessadas no Brasil. A análise de custo-efetividade baseou-se em uma meta-análise e uma avaliação econômica de programas após a alta de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, considerados a partir da perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil. Resultados: Infarto do miocárdio acarretou o mais alto custo financeiro (R$ 22,4 bilhões/6,9 bilhões de dólares), seguido de insuficiência cardíaca (R$ 22,1 bilhões/6,8 bilhões de dólares), hipertensão (R$ 8 bilhões/2,5 bilhões de dólares) e, finalmente, fibrilação atrial (R$ 3,9 bilhões/1,2 bilhão de dólares). Telemedicina e suporte telefônico estruturado são intervenções custo-efetivas para o aprimoramento do manejo da insuficiência cardíaca. Conclusões: As doenças cardíacas determinam substanciais custos financeiros e perda de bem-estar no Brasil e deveriam ser uma prioridade de saúde pública.
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Humanos , Costos de la Atención en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Cardiopatías/economía , Fibrilación Atrial/economía , Fibrilación Atrial/terapia , Teléfono , Brasil , Telemedicina/economía , Cardiopatías/terapia , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/terapia , Hipertensión/economía , Hipertensión/terapia , Infarto del Miocardio/economíaAsunto(s)
Fibrilación Atrial/epidemiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/epidemiología , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Fibrilación Atrial/economía , Costo de Enfermedad , Costos de la Atención en Salud , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economía , Humanos , Hipertensión/economía , México/epidemiología , Infarto del Miocardio/economía , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
Objective: Clinical implementation of predictive analytics that assess risk of high-cost outcomes are presumed to save money because they help focus interventions designed to avert those outcomes on a subset patients who are most likely to benefit from the intervention. This premise may not always be true. A cost-benefit analysis is necessary to show if a strategy of applying the predictive algorithm is truly favorable to alternative strategies. Methods: We designed and implemented an interactive web-based cost-benefit calculator, enabling specification of accuracy parameters for the predictive model and other clinical and financial factors related to the occurrence of an undesirable outcome. We use the web tool, populated with real-world data to illustrate a cost-benefit analysis of a strategy of applying predictive analytics to select a cohort of high-risk patients to receive interventions to avert readmissions for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). Results: Application of predictive analytics in clinical care may not always be a cost-saving strategy compared with intervening on all patients. Improving the accuracy of a predictive model may lower costs, but other factors such as the prevalence and cost of the outcome, and the cost and effectiveness of the intervention designed to avert the outcome may be more influential in determining the favored strategy. Conclusion: An interactive cost-benefit analyses provides insights regarding the financial implications of a clinical strategy that implements predictive analytics.
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Algoritmos , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economía , Modelos Económicos , Readmisión del Paciente/economía , Teorema de Bayes , Ahorro de Costo , Manejo de la Enfermedad , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Terapéutica/economíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency, characteristics, and outcomes of heart failure-related emergency department (ED) visits in pediatric patients. We aimed to test the hypothesis that these visits are associated with higher admission rates, mortality, and resource utilization. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample for 2010 of patients ≤18 years of age was performed to describe ED visits with and without heart failure. Cases were identified using International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes and assessed for factors associated with admission, mortality, and resource utilization. RESULTS: Among 28.6 million pediatric visits to the ED, there were 5971 (0.02%) heart failure-related cases. Heart failure-related ED patients were significantly more likely to be admitted (59.8% vs 4.01%; OR 35.3, 95% CI 31.5-39.7). Among heart failure-related visits, admission was more common in patients with congenital heart disease (OR 5.0, 95% CI 3.3-7.4) and in those with comorbidities including respiratory failure (OR 78.3, 95% CI 10.4-591) and renal failure (OR 7.9, 95% CI 1.7-36.3). Heart failure-related cases admitted to the hospital had a higher likelihood of death than nonheart failure-related cases (5.9% vs 0.32%, P < .001). Factors associated with mortality included respiratory failure (OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.2-9.2) and renal failure (OR 7.8, 95% CI 2.9-20.7). Heart failure-related ED visits were more expensive than nonheart failure-related ED visits ($1460 [IQR $861-2038] vs $778 [IQR $442-1375] [P < .01].) CONCLUSIONS: Heart failure-related visits represent a minority of pediatric ED visits but are associated with increased hospital admission and resource utilization.
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Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/epidemiología , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Bases de Datos Factuales , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/economía , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/mortalidad , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF) represents a major public health issue and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan (formerly LCZ696) compared with an ACE inhibitor (ACEI) (enalapril) in the treatment of HF-REF from the perspective of healthcare providers in the UK, Denmark and Colombia. METHODS: A cost-utility analysis was performed based on data from a multinational, Phase III randomised controlled trial. A decision-analytic model was developed based on a series of regression models, which extrapolated health-related quality of life, hospitalisation rates and survival over a lifetime horizon. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). RESULTS: In the UK, the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained for sacubitril/valsartan (using cardiovascular mortality) was £17 100 (20 400) versus enalapril. In Denmark, the ICER for sacubitril/valsartan was Kr 174 000 (22 600). In Colombia, the ICER was COP$39.5 million (11 200) per QALY gained. Deterministic sensitivity analysis showed that results were most sensitive to the extrapolation of mortality, duration of treatment effect and time horizon, but were robust to other structural changes, with most scenarios associated with ICERs below the willingness-to-pay threshold for all three country settings. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis suggested the probability that sacubitril/valsartan was cost-effective at conventional willingness-to-pay thresholds was 68%-94% in the UK, 84% in Denmark and 95% in Colombia. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggests that, in all three countries, sacubitril/valsartan is likely to be cost-effective compared with an ACEI (the current standard of care) in patients with HF-REF.
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Aminobutiratos/economía , Aminobutiratos/uso terapéutico , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/economía , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/uso terapéutico , Costos de los Medicamentos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economía , Volumen Sistólico/efectos de los fármacos , Tetrazoles/economía , Tetrazoles/uso terapéutico , Función Ventricular Izquierda/efectos de los fármacos , Aminobutiratos/efectos adversos , Compuestos de Bifenilo , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/efectos adversos , Enfermedad Crónica , Ensayos Clínicos Fase III como Asunto , Colombia , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Dinamarca , Combinación de Medicamentos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Humanos , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de Vida , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Recuperación de la Función , Tetrazoles/efectos adversos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Reino Unido , ValsartánRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Heart failure has a great impact on health budget, mainly due to the cost of hospitalizations. Our aim was to describe health resource use and costs of heart failure admissions in three important institutions in Argentina. METHODS: Multi-center retrospective cohort study, with descriptive and analytical analysis by subgroups of ejection fraction, blood pressure and renal function at admission. Generalized linear models were used to assess the association of independent variables to main outcomes. RESULTS: We included 301 subjects; age 75.3±11.8 years; 37% women; 57% with depressed ejection fraction; 46% of coronary etiology. Blood pressure at admission was 129.8±29.7 mmHg; renal function 57.9±26.2 ml/min/1.73 m2. Overall mortality was 7%. Average length of stay was 7.82±7.06 days (median 5.69), and was significantly longer in patients with renal impairment (8.9 vs. 8.18; p=0.03) and shorter in those with high initial blood pressure (6.08±4.03; p=0.009). Mean cost per patient was AR$68,861±96,066 (US$=8,071; 1US$=AR$8.532); 71% attributable to hospital stay, 20% to interventional procedures and 6.7% to diagnostic studies. Variables independently associated with higher costs were depressed ejection fraction, presence of valvular disease, and impaired renal function. CONCLUSIONS: Resource use and costs associated to hospitalizations for heart failure is high, and the highest proportion is attributable to the costs related to hospital stay.
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Costos y Análisis de Costo , Recursos en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Argentina , Femenino , Recursos en Salud/economía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Hipertensión , Tiempo de Internación/economía , Masculino , Insuficiencia Renal/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Renal/economía , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Acute heart failure (HF) is a prevalent disease with important socio-economic repercussions. Due to the aging of population, these values will increase in the coming years, so it may be useful to the implementation of intervention programs in these patients to decrease morbidity and mortality. A quasi-experimental prospective study (n = 262) of patients admitted at the Internal Medicine Department of the Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, in Zaragoza, Spain, diagnosed of HF between November 2013 and October 2014 (both dates inclusive) (n = 108) followed up for 1 year was performed. Within this group, a subgroup with an intensive intervention (n = 30) was performed. The data were compared with a historical cohort of patients admitted to the same department during the same time in the previous year (from November 2012 to October 2013) (n = 154). Statistically significant differences between groups attending to the therapeutical adherence to clinical guidelines (p < 0.011) were observed. Considering the intensive intervention subgroup, statistically significant differences were observed in the rate of exitus (p < 0.032) and survival (log rank <0.030) compared to the control group. The close monitoring of patients with HF improves adherence, reduces mortality and improves survival. This May result in a decline in the use of health resources, which entails significant socio-economic benefits.
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Adhesión a Directriz , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/terapia , Hospitalización , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/mortalidad , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores Socioeconómicos , España , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) has met with resistance from third-party payers in low- and middle-income countries because of lack of evidence regarding its cost-effectiveness. We aimed to provide information to help better inform this decision-making process. METHODS: Costs associated with a 12-week exercise-based rehabilitation program in Colombia for patients with CHF were estimated. We collected data on all medical resources used in ambulatory care and data on hospital costs incurred for treating patients with uncompensated CHF. A literature search to establish the hospitalization rates because of uncompensated CHF, death because of CHF, and potential decreases in these data because of the utilization of CR was conducted. We modeled incremental costs and effectiveness over a period of 5 years from the perspective of the third-party payer. RESULTS: All costs were converted from Colombian pesos to US dollars. For an exercise-based CR program of 12-week duration (36 sessions), costs ranged from US$265 to US$369 per patient. Monthly costs associated with ambulatory care of CHF averaged US$128 ± US$321 per patient, and hospitalization costs were US$3621 ± US$5 444 per event. Yearly hospitalization incidence rates with and without CR were 0.154 and 0.216, respectively. The incremental cost of CR would be US$998 per additional quality-adjusted life-year. Sensitivity analysis did not significantly change these results. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac rehabilitation in patients with CHF in settings such as Colombia can be a cost-effective strategy, with minimal incremental costs and better quality of life, mainly because of decreased rates of hospitalization.
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Atención Ambulatoria/economía , Terapia por Ejercicio/economía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/rehabilitación , Hospitalización/economía , Enfermedad Crónica , Colombia , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Técnicas de Apoyo para la Decisión , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Modelos Económicos , Calidad de Vida , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
Background:Polypharmacy is a significant economic burden.Objective:We tested whether using reverse auction (RA) as compared with commercial pharmacy (CP) to purchase medicine results in lower pharmaceutical costs for heart failure (HF) and heart transplantation (HT) outpatients.Methods:We compared the costs via RA versus CP in 808 HF and 147 HT patients followed from 2009 through 2011, and evaluated the influence of clinical and demographic variables on cost.Results:The monthly cost per patient for HF drugs acquired via RA was $10.15 (IQ 3.51-40.22) versus $161.76 (IQ 86.05‑340.15) via CP; for HT, those costs were $393.08 (IQ 124.74-774.76) and $1,207.70 (IQ 604.48-2,499.97), respectively.Conclusion:RA may reduce the cost of prescription drugs for HF and HT, potentially making HF treatment more accessible. Clinical characteristics can influence the cost and benefits of RA. RA may be a new health policy strategy to reduce costs of prescribed medications for HF and HT patients, reducing the economic burden of treatment.
Fundamento:A polifarmácia tem um significativo peso econômico.Objetivo:Testar se o uso de pregão em comparação ao de farmácias comerciais (FC) para a compra de medicamentos reduz o custo do tratamento de pacientes ambulatoriais de insuficiência cardíaca (IC) e transplante cardíaco (TC).Métodos:Comparação dos custos do tratamento através de pregão versus FC em pacientes de IC (808) e TC (147) acompanhados de 2009 a 2011, avaliando-se a influência de variáveis clínicas e demográficas no custo.Resultados:Os custos mensais por paciente para medicamentos de IC adquiridos através de pregão e através de FC foram $10,15 (IQ 3,51-40,22) e $161,76 (IQ 86,05-340,15), respectivamente. Para TC, aqueles custos foram $393,08 (IQ 124,74-774,76) e $1.207,70 (IQ 604,48-2.499,97), respectivamente.Conclusão:O pregão pode reduzir o custo dos medicamentos prescritos para IC e TC, podendo tornar o tratamento de IC mais acessível. As características clínicas podem influenciar o custo e os benefícios do pregão, que pode ser uma nova estratégia de política de saúde para baixar os custos dos medicamentos prescritos para IC e TC, diminuindo o peso econômico do tratamento. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2015; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Anciano , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Propuestas de Licitación/economía , Costos de los Medicamentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Quimioterapia/economía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economía , Trasplante de Corazón/economía , Brasil , Control de Costos , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Prescripciones de Medicamentos/economía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Pacientes Ambulatorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Volumen Sistólico , Función Ventricular IzquierdaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Polypharmacy is a significant economic burden. OBJECTIVE: We tested whether using reverse auction (RA) as compared with commercial pharmacy (CP) to purchase medicine results in lower pharmaceutical costs for heart failure (HF) and heart transplantation (HT) outpatients. METHODS: We compared the costs via RA versus CP in 808 HF and 147 HT patients followed from 2009 through 2011, and evaluated the influence of clinical and demographic variables on cost. RESULTS: The monthly cost per patient for HF drugs acquired via RA was $10.15 (IQ 3.51-40.22) versus $161.76 (IQ 86.05340.15) via CP; for HT, those costs were $393.08 (IQ 124.74-774.76) and $1,207.70 (IQ 604.48-2,499.97), respectively. CONCLUSION: RA may reduce the cost of prescription drugs for HF and HT, potentially making HF treatment more accessible. Clinical characteristics can influence the cost and benefits of RA. RA may be a new health policy strategy to reduce costs of prescribed medications for HF and HT patients, reducing the economic burden of treatment.
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Propuestas de Licitación/economía , Costos de los Medicamentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Quimioterapia/economía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economía , Trasplante de Corazón/economía , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil , Control de Costos , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Prescripciones de Medicamentos/economía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pacientes Ambulatorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Volumen Sistólico , Función Ventricular Izquierda , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Tele-cardiology is the use of information technologies that help prolong survival, improve quality of life and reduce costs in health care. Heart failure is a chronic disease that leads to high care costs. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of telemetric monitoring for controlling clinical variables, reduced emergency room visits, and cost of care in a group of patients with heart failure compared to traditional medical consultation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized, controlled and open clinical trial was conducted on 40 patients with Heart failure in a tertiary care centre in north-western Mexico. The patients were divided randomly into 2 groups of 20 patients each (telemetric monitoring, traditional medical consultation). In each participant was evaluated for: blood pressure, heart rate and body weight. The telemetric monitoring group was monitored remotely and traditional medical consultation group came to the hospital on scheduled dates. All patients could come to the emergency room if necessary. RESULTS: The telemetric monitoring group decreased their weight and improved control of the disease (P=.01). Systolic blood pressure and cost of care decreased (51%) significantly compared traditional medical consultation group (P>.05). Admission to the emergency room was avoided in 100% of patients in the telemetric monitoring group. CONCLUSION: In patients with heart failure, the telemetric monitoring was effective in reducing emergency room visits and saved significant resources in care during follow-up.
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Ahorro de Costo , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Costos de la Atención en Salud , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/terapia , Telemetría , Anciano , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Management of HF involves accurate diagnosis and implementation of evidence-based treatment strategies. Costs related to the care of patients with HF have increased substantially over the past 2 decades, partly owing to new medications and diagnostic tests, increased rates of hospitalization, implantation of costly novel devices and, as the disease progresses, consideration for heart transplantation, mechanical circulatory support, and end-of-life care. Not surprisingly, HF places a huge burden on health-care systems, and widespread implementation of all potentially beneficial therapies for HF could prove unrealistic for many, if not all, nations. Cost-effectiveness analyses can help to quantify the relationship between clinical outcomes and the economic implications of available therapies. This Review is a critical overview of cost-effectiveness studies on key areas of HF management, involving pharmacological and nonpharmacological clinical therapies, including device-based and surgical therapeutic strategies.
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Costos de la Atención en Salud , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/economía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/terapia , Evaluación de Procesos y Resultados en Atención de Salud/economía , Terapia de Resincronización Cardíaca/economía , Dispositivos de Terapia de Resincronización Cardíaca/economía , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Técnicas de Apoyo para la Decisión , Desfibriladores Implantables/economía , Costos de los Medicamentos , Cardioversión Eléctrica/economía , Cardioversión Eléctrica/instrumentación , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Trasplante de Corazón/economía , Costos de Hospital , Humanos , Modelos Económicos , Selección de Paciente , Servicios Preventivos de Salud/economía , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de Vida , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves symptoms and survival in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the devices used to deliver it are costly and can impose a significant burden to the relatively constrained health budgets of middle-income countries such as Brazil. METHODS: A Markov model was constructed, representing the follow-up of a hypothetical cohort of HF patients, with a 20-year time horizon. Input data were based on information from a Brazilian cohort of 316 HF patients, as well as meta-analyses of data on devices' effectiveness and risks. Stochastic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed for all important variables in the model. Costs were expressed as International Dollars (Int$), by application of current purchasing power parity conversion rate. RESULTS: In the base-case analysis, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of CRT over medical therapy was Int$ 15,723 per quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. For CRT combined with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), ICER was Int$ 36,940/QALY over ICD alone, and Int$ 84,345/QALY over CRT alone. Sensitivity analyses showed that the model was generally robust, though susceptible to the cost of the devices, their impact on HF mortality, and battery longevity. CONCLUSIONS: CRT is cost-effective for HF patients in the Brazilian public health system scenario. In patients eligible for CRT, upgrade to CRT+ICD has an ICER above the World Health Organization willingness-to-pay threshold of three times the nation's Gross Domestic Product per Capita (Int$ 31,689 for Brazil). However, for ICD eligible patients, upgrade to CRT+ICD is marginally cost-effective.