RESUMEN
Tumor immunotherapies have emerged as a promising frontier in the realm of cancer treatment. However, challenges persist in achieving localized, durable immunostimulation while counteracting the tumor's immunosuppressive environment. Here, we develop a natural mussel foot protein-based nanomedicine with spatiotemporal control for tumor immunotherapy. In this nanomedicine, an immunoadjuvant prodrug and a photosensitizer are integrated, which is driven by their dynamic bonding and non-covalent assembling with the protein carrier. Harnessing the protein carrier's bioadhesion, this nanomedicine achieves a drug co-delivery with spatiotemporal precision, by which it not only promotes tumor photothermal ablation but also broadens tumor antigen repertoire, facilitating in situ immunotherapy with durability and maintenance. This nanomedicine also modulates the tumor microenvironment to overcome immunosuppression, thereby amplifying antitumor responses against tumor progression. Our strategy underscores a mussel foot protein-derived design philosophy of drug delivery aimed at refining combinatorial immunotherapy, offering insights into leveraging natural proteins for cancer treatment.
Asunto(s)
Inmunoterapia , Nanomedicina , Animales , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Nanomedicina/métodos , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/uso terapéutico , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Terapia Fototérmica/métodos , Ratones , Humanos , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proteínas/química , Femenino , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/inmunología , Adhesivos/química , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The challenges generated by insufficient T cell activation and infiltration have constrained the application of immunotherapy. Making matters worse, the complex tumor microenvironment (TME), resistance to apoptosis collectively poses obstacles for cancer treatment. The carrier-free small molecular self-assembly strategy is a current research hotspot to overcome these challenges. This strategy can transform multiple functional agents into sustain-released hydrogel without the addition of any excipients. Herein, a coordination and hydrogen bond mediated tricomponent hydrogel (Cel hydrogel) composed of glycyrrhizic acid (GA), copper ions (Cu2+) and celastrol (Cel) was initially constructed. The hydrogel can regulate TME by chemo-dynamic therapy (CDT), which increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) in conjunction with GA and Cel, synergistically expediting cellular apoptosis. What's more, copper induced cuproptosis also contributes to the anti-tumor effect. In terms of regulating immunity, ROS generated by Cel hydrogel can polarize tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into M1-TAMs, Cel can induce T cell proliferation as well as activate DC mediated antigen presentation, which subsequently induce T cell proliferation, elevate T cell infiltration and enhance the specific killing of tumor cells, along with the upregulation of PD-L1 expression. Upon co-administration with aPD-L1, this synergy mitigated both primary and metastasis tumors, showing promising clinical translational value.
Asunto(s)
Cobre , Hidrogeles , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico , Inmunoterapia , Activación de Linfocitos , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Linfocitos T , Microambiente Tumoral , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/farmacología , Hidrogeles/química , Animales , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/farmacología , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Ratones , Activación de Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Cobre/química , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ácido Glicirrínico/farmacología , Ácido Glicirrínico/química , Femenino , Triterpenos/farmacología , Triterpenos/químicaRESUMEN
The immune resistance of tumor microenvironment (TME) causes immune checkpoint blockade therapy inefficient to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Emerging strategies of using chemotherapy regimens to reverse the immune resistance provide the promise for promoting the efficiency of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The induction of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in tumor cells evokes the adaptive immunity and remodels the immunosuppressive TME. In this study, we report that mitoxantrone (MIT, a chemotherapeutic drug) activates the cGAS-STING signaling pathway of HCC cells. We provide an approach to augment the efficacy of MIT using a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor called napabucasin (NAP). We prepare an aminoethyl anisamide (AEAA)-targeted polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanocarrier for co-delivery of MIT and NAP. The resultant co-nanoformulation can elicit the cGAS-STING-based immune responses to reshape the immunoresistant TME in the mice orthotopically grafted with HCC. Consequently, the resultant co-nanoformulation can promote anti-PD-1 antibody for suppressing HCC development, generating long-term survival, and inhibiting tumor recurrence. This study reveals the potential of MIT to activate the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, and confirms the feasibility of nano co-delivery for MIT and NAP on achieving HCC chemo-immunotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Inmunoterapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Proteínas de la Membrana , Mitoxantrona , Nucleotidiltransferasas , Factor de Transcripción STAT3 , Mitoxantrona/farmacología , Mitoxantrona/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Animales , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Humanos , Nucleotidiltransferasas/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Ratones , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Benzofuranos , NaftoquinonasRESUMEN
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death with the potential to reverse traditional cancer therapy resistance. The combination of ferroptosis with chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy and X-ray therapy has demonstrated remarkably improved therapeutic efficiency. Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is an emerging approach that achieves precise radiation to diseased tissues via radionuclide delivery. However, insufficient accumulation and retention of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals in tumor region as well as cancer radioresistance impact treatment efficacy. Here, a nanoassembly of renal clearable ultrasmall iron nanoparticles (USINPs) and 131I-aPD-L1 is prepared via the affinity of fluorophenylboronic acid modified on the USINPs with 131I-aPD-L1. The 150 nm USINAs(131I-aPD-L1) nanoassembly is stable in blood circulation, effectively targets to the tumor and disassembles in the presence of ATP in the tumor microenvironment. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments prove that USINPs-induced ferroptosis boosted the tumor radiosensitization to 131I while 131I-mediated RPT further enhanced ferroptosis. Meanwhile, the immunogenic cell death caused by RPT and ferroptosis combined with PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy exhibits a strong antitumor immunity. This study provides a novel way to improve the tumor accumulation of ferroptosis inducer and radiopharmaceuticals, insights into the interaction between RPT and ferroptosis and an effective SPECT-guided ferroptosis-enhanced radio-immunotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Ferroptosis , Radioisótopos de Yodo , Radiofármacos , Ferroptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Radiofármacos/química , Radiofármacos/uso terapéutico , Ratones , Radioisótopos de Yodo/uso terapéutico , Radioisótopos de Yodo/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/uso terapéutico , Hierro/química , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Radioinmunoterapia/métodos , Femenino , Neoplasias/terapiaRESUMEN
Drug resistance is a significant challenge in cancer chemotherapy and is a primary factor contributing to poor recovery for cancer patients. Although drug-loaded nanoparticles have shown promise in overcoming chemotherapy resistance, they often carry a combination of drugs and require advanced design and manufacturing processes. Furthermore, they seldom approach chemotherapy-resistant tumors from an immunotherapy perspective. In this study, we developed a therapeutic nanovaccine composed solely of chemotherapy-induced resistant tumor antigens (CIRTAs) and the immune adjuvant Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist R848 (CIRTAs@R848). This nanovaccine does not require additional carriers and has a simple production process. It efficiently delivers antigens and immune stimulants to dendritic cells (DCs) simultaneously, promoting DCs maturation. CIRTAs@R848 demonstrated significant tumor suppression, particularly when used in combination with the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) anti-PD-1 (αPD-1). The combined therapy increased the infiltration of T cells into the tumor while decreasing the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and modulating the tumor microenvironment, resulting in long-term immune memory. Overall, this study introduces an innovative strategy for treating chemotherapy-resistant tumors from a novel perspective, with potential applications in personalized immunotherapy and precision medicine.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra el Cáncer , Desoxicitidina , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Gemcitabina , Inmunoterapia , Nanopartículas , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Desoxicitidina/uso terapéutico , Desoxicitidina/farmacología , Animales , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/inmunología , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/uso terapéutico , Nanopartículas/química , Ratones , Humanos , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Femenino , Imidazoles/farmacología , Imidazoles/uso terapéutico , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Antígenos de Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , NanovacunasRESUMEN
Chemoimmunotherapy is an emerging paradigm in the clinic for treating several malignant diseases, such as non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and large B-cell lymphoma. However, the efficacy of this strategy is still restricted by serious adverse events and a high therapeutic termination rate, presumably due to the lack of tumor-targeted distribution of both chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents. Targeted drug delivery has the potential to address this issue. Among the most promising nanocarriers in clinical translation, liposomes have drawn great attention in cancer chemoimmunotherapy in recent years. Liposomes-enabled cancer chemoimmunotherapy has made significant progress in clinics, with impressive therapeutic outcomes. This review summarizes the latest preclinical and clinical progress in liposome-enabled cancer chemoimmunotherapy and discusses the challenges and future directions of this field.
Asunto(s)
Inmunoterapia , Liposomas , Neoplasias , Liposomas/química , Humanos , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Animales , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Osteosarcoma, a malignant bone tumor often characterized by high hedgehog signaling activity, residual tumor cells, and substantial bone defects, poses significant challenges to both treatment response and postsurgical recovery. Here, we developed a nanocomposite hydrogel for the sustained co-delivery of bioactive magnesium ions, anti-PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1), and hedgehog pathway antagonist vismodegib, to eradicate residual tumor cells while promoting bone regeneration post-surgery. In a mouse model of tibia osteosarcoma, this hydrogel-mediated combination therapy led to remarkable tumor growth inhibition and hence increased animal survival by enhancing the activity of tumor-suppressed CD8+ T cells. Meanwhile, the implanted hydrogel improved the microenvironment of osteogenesis through long-term sustained release of Mg2+, facilitating bone defect repair by upregulating the expression of osteogenic genes. After 21 days, the expression levels of ALP, COL1, RUNX2, and BGLAP in the Vis-αPD-L1-Gel group were approximately 4.1, 5.1, 5.5, and 3.4 times higher than those of the control, respectively. We believe that this hydrogel-based combination therapy offers a potentially valuable strategy for treating osteosarcoma and addressing the tumor-related complex bone diseases.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Óseas , Hidrogeles , Inmunoterapia , Nanocompuestos , Osteosarcoma , Osteosarcoma/patología , Osteosarcoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteosarcoma/terapia , Animales , Hidrogeles/química , Nanocompuestos/química , Neoplasias Óseas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Neoplasias Óseas/terapia , Ratones , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Regeneración Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Magnesio/químicaRESUMEN
Metastasis stands as the primary contributor to mortality associated with tumors. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy are frequently utilized in the management of metastatic solid tumors. Nevertheless, these therapeutic modalities are linked to serious adverse effects and limited effectiveness in preventing metastasis. Here, we report a novel therapeutic strategy named starvation-immunotherapy, wherein an immune checkpoint inhibitor is combined with an ultra-long-acting L-asparaginase that is a fusion protein comprising L-asparaginase (ASNase) and an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), termed ASNase-ELP. ASNase-ELP's thermosensitivity enables it to generate an in-situ depot following an intratumoral injection, yielding increased dose tolerance, improved pharmacokinetics, sustained release, optimized biodistribution, and augmented tumor retention compared to free ASNase. As a result, in murine models of oral cancer, melanoma, and cervical cancer, the antitumor efficacy of ASNase-ELP by selectively and sustainably depleting L-asparagine essential for tumor cell survival was substantially superior to that of ASNase or Cisplatin, a first-line anti-solid tumor medicine, without any observable adverse effects. Furthermore, the combination of ASNase-ELP and an immune checkpoint inhibitor was more effective than either therapy alone in impeding melanoma metastasis. Overall, the synergistic strategy of starvation-immunotherapy holds excellent promise in reshaping the therapeutic landscape of refractory metastatic tumors and offering a new alternative for next-generation oncology treatments.
Asunto(s)
Asparaginasa , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico , Inmunoterapia , Animales , Asparaginasa/uso terapéutico , Asparaginasa/farmacología , Asparaginasa/química , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Femenino , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/farmacología , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Ratones , Humanos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Elastina/química , Elastina/metabolismo , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patología , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists have shown promise in cancer treatment by stimulating the innate immune response, yet their clinical potential has been limited by inefficient cytosolic entry and unsatisfactory pharmacological activities. Moreover, aggressive tumors with "cold" and immunosuppressive microenvironments may not be effectively suppressed solely through innate immunotherapy. Herein, we propose a multifaceted immunostimulating nanoparticle (Mn-MC NP), which integrates manganese II (Mn2+) coordinated photosensitizers (chlorin e6, Ce6) and STING agonists (MSA-2) within a PEGylated nanostructure. In Mn-MC NPs, Ce6 exerts potent phototherapeutic effects, facilitating tumor ablation and inducing immunogenic cell death to elicit robust adaptive antitumor immunity. MSA-2 activates the STING pathway powered by Mn2+, thereby promoting innate antitumor immunity. The Mn-MC NPs feature a high drug-loading capacity (63.42 %) and directly ablate tumor tissue while synergistically boosting both adaptive and innate immune responses. In subsutaneous tumor mouse models, the Mn-MC NPs exhibit remarkable efficacy in not only eradicating primary tumors but also impeding the progression of distal and metastatic tumors through synergistic immunotherapy. Additionally, they contribute to preventing tumor recurrence by fostering long-term immunological memory. Our multifaceted immunostimulating nanoparticle holds significant potential for overcoming limitations associated with insufficient antitumor immunity and ineffective cancer treatment.
Asunto(s)
Inmunoterapia , Manganeso , Nanopartículas , Animales , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Manganeso/química , Nanopartículas/química , Ratones , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Porfirinas/química , Porfirinas/farmacología , Clorofilidas , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/inmunología , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/químicaRESUMEN
The use of immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)has increased treatment options for patients who may not be candidates for traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Recent studies have resulted in the approval of immunotherapy in the first and second line setting for recurrent/metastatic disease. Various combinations of immunotherapy with targeted therapies, monoclonal antibodies, or human papilloma virus vaccines are also being studied in recurrent/metastatic disease. Currently, programmed death-ligand 1 status is the main marker utilized to assess potential response to immunotherapy. Studies are focused on identifying additional markers, which may help better predict response to immunotherapy for HNSCC patients.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Inmunoterapia , Humanos , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/terapia , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/inmunología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/terapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Neurodegenerative diseases represent the most common cause of dementia. Protein aggregation is upstream in the pathological mechanisms and is a therapeutic target in the development of disease-modifying drugs in this patient population. Notably, α-synuclein or DNA-binding protein of 43kDa (TDP-43) is commonly involved in the pathomechanisms that contribute to non-Alzheimer neurodegenerative diseases. Several immunotherapy clinical trials on α-synuclein have progressed to phase 2, and small-molecule therapeutics are ongoing. With regard to TDP-43, immunotherapies that target protein aggregates are currently being developed, and research is underway to investigate several drugs that target the associated causative gene. Further research is warranted for deeper insight into both disease-modifying drugs; biomarker tests need to be developed to determine their efficacy. However, both proteins aggregate and accumulate in the brain in many neurodegenerative diseases and dementia; therefore, they are therapeutically significant, and future progress is expected in research and development.
Asunto(s)
Demencia , Humanos , Demencia/tratamiento farmacológico , alfa-Sinucleína/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Inmunoterapia , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
KRAS mutations play a critical role in the development and progression of several cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. Despite advancements in targeted therapies, the management of KRAS-mutant tumors remains challenging. This study leverages bibliometric analysis and a comprehensive review of clinical trials to identify emerging immunotherapies and potential treatments for KRAS-related cancers. Using the Web of Science Core Collection and Citespace, we analyzed publications from January 2008 to March 2023 alongside 52 clinical trials from ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO's registry, concentrating on immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) and novel therapies. Our study highlights an increased focus on the tumor immune microenvironment and precision therapy. Clinical trials reveal the effectiveness of ICBs and the promising potential of T-cell receptor T-cell therapy and vaccines in treating KRAS-mutant cancers. ICBs, particularly in combination therapies, stand out in managing KRAS-mutant tumors. Identifying the tumor microenvironment and gene co-mutation profiles as key research areas, our findings advocate for multidisciplinary approaches to advance personalized cancer treatment. Future research should integrate genetic, immunological, and computational studies to unveil new therapeutic targets and refine treatment strategies for KRAS-mutant cancers.
Asunto(s)
Bibliometría , Inmunoterapia , Mutación , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras) , Humanos , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/genética , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/terapia , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/inmunologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Although neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy has been widely applied in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), predicting treatment response remains a challenge. We used pretreatment multimodal CT to explore deep learning-based immunochemotherapy response image biomarkers. METHODS: This study retrospectively obtained non-contrast enhanced and contrast enhancedbubu CT scans of patients with NSCLC who underwent surgery after receiving neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy at multiple centers between August 2019 and February 2023. Deep learning features were extracted from both non-contrast enhanced and contrast enhanced CT scans to construct the predictive models (LUNAI-uCT model and LUNAI-eCT model), respectively. After the feature fusion of these two types of features, a fused model (LUNAI-fCT model) was constructed. The performance of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis was used to quantify the impact of CT imaging features on model prediction. To gain insights into how our model makes predictions, we employed Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping to generate saliency heatmaps. RESULTS: The training and validation datasets included 113 patients from Center A at the 8:2 ratio, and the test dataset included 112 patients (Center B n=73, Center C n=20, Center D n=19). In the test dataset, the LUNAI-uCT, LUNAI-eCT, and LUNAI-fCT models achieved AUCs of 0.762 (95% CI 0.654 to 0.791), 0.797 (95% CI 0.724 to 0.844), and 0.866 (95% CI 0.821 to 0.883), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: By extracting deep learning features from contrast enhanced and non-contrast enhanced CT, we constructed the LUNAI-fCT model as an imaging biomarker, which can non-invasively predict pathological complete response in neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for NSCLC.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Aprendizaje Profundo , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Femenino , Terapia Neoadyuvante/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Imagen Multimodal/métodosRESUMEN
Tumor vaccines have become a promising approach for cancer treatment by triggering antigen-specific responses against tumors. However, autophagy and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) reduce antigen exposure and immunogenicity, which limit the effect of tumor vaccines. Here, we develop fucoidan (Fuc) based chlorin e6 (Ce6)-chloroquine (CQ) self-assembly hydrogels (CCFG) as in situ vaccines. Ce6 triggers immune response in situ by photodynamic therapy (PDT) induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect, which is further enhanced by macrophage polarization of Fuc and autophagy inhibition of CQ. In vivo studies show that CCFG effectively enhances antigen presentation under laser irradiation, which induces a powerful in situ vaccine effect and significantly inhibits tumor metastasis and recurrence. Our study provides a novel approach for enhancing tumor immunotherapy and inhibiting tumor recurrence and metastasis.
Asunto(s)
Autofagia , Vacunas contra el Cáncer , Clorofilidas , Cloroquina , Hidrogeles , Inmunoterapia , Macrófagos , Fotoquimioterapia , Polisacáridos , Porfirinas , Animales , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Polisacáridos/química , Ratones , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/farmacología , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/inmunología , Porfirinas/química , Porfirinas/farmacología , Porfirinas/uso terapéutico , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Hidrogeles/química , Hidrogeles/farmacología , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Cloroquina/farmacología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Células RAW 264.7 , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/uso terapéutico , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , FemeninoRESUMEN
The rise of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a significant challenge in clinical settings due to its ability to evade conventional antibiotic treatments. This overview explores the potential of immunomodulatory strategies as alternative therapeutic approaches to combat MRSA infections. Traditional antibiotics are becoming less effective, necessitating innovative solutions that harness the body's immune system to enhance pathogen clearance. Recent advancements in immunotherapy, including the use of antimicrobial peptides, phage therapy, and mechanisms of immune cells, demonstrate promise in enhancing the body's ability to clear MRSA infections. However, the exact interactions between these therapies and immunomodulation are not fully understood, underscoring the need for further research. Hence, this review aims to provide a broad overview of the current understanding of non-traditional therapeutics and their impact on immune responses, which could lead to more effective MRSA treatment strategies. Additionally, combining immunomodulatory agents with existing antibiotics may improve outcomes, particularly for immunocompromised patients or those with chronic infections. As the landscape of antibiotic resistance evolves, the development of effective immunotherapeutic strategies could play a vital role in managing MRSA infections and reducing reliance on traditional antibiotics. Future research must focus on optimizing these approaches and validating their efficacy in diverse clinical populations to address the urgent need for effective MRSA management strategies.
Asunto(s)
Inmunomodulación , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/inmunología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/terapia , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Terapia de Fagos/métodos , Animales , Agentes Inmunomoduladores/farmacología , Agentes Inmunomoduladores/uso terapéutico , Factores InmunológicosAsunto(s)
Inmunoterapia , Neoplasias , Humanos , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/terapia , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Femenino , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
In recent years, there has been significant research interest in the field of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) within the academic community. Given the observed variations in individual responses, despite similarities in histopathologic type, immunohistochemical index, TNM stage, or mutation status, the identification of a reliable biomarker for early prediction of therapeutic responses is of utmost importance. Conventional medical imaging techniques primarily focus on macroscopic tumor monitoring, which may no longer adequately fulfill the requirements of clinical diagnosis and treatment. CT (computerized tomography) or PEF/CT-based radiomics has the potential to investigate the molecular-level biological attributes of tumors, such as PD-1/PD-L1 expression and tumor mutation burden, which offers a novel approach to assess the effectiveness of immunotherapy and forecast patient prognosis. The utilization of cutting-edge radiological imaging techniques, including radiomics, PET/CT, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, demonstrates significant potential in predicting diagnosis, treatment response, immunosuppressive characteristics, and immune-related adverse events. The current review highlights that CT scan-based radiomics is a reliable and feasible way to predict the benefits of immunotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Inmunoterapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/terapia , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/inmunología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/inmunología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Pronóstico , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Proteínas de Punto de Control Inmunitario/metabolismo , Proteínas de Punto de Control Inmunitario/genética , RadiómicaRESUMEN
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second most lethal cancer in the world. The main cause of the disease is due to dietary and behavioral factors. The treatment of this complex disease is mainly based on traditional treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Due to its high prevalence and high morbidity, more effective treatments with fewer side effects are urgently needed. In recent years, immunotherapy has become a potential therapeutic alternative and one of the fastest-developing treatments. Immunotherapy inhibits tumor growth by activating or enhancing the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. This review presents the latest immunotherapies for immune checkpoint inhibitors, cell therapy, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and oncolytic viruses. Some of these have shown promising results in clinical trials and are used in clinical treatment.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico , Inmunoterapia , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/terapia , Neoplasias Colorrectales/inmunología , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Animales , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/inmunología , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/metabolismo , Viroterapia Oncolítica/métodos , Virus Oncolíticos/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Background: Ferroptosis, as a novel form of programmed cell death, plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of bladder cancer (BCa). However, the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of BCa remain to be elucidated. Methods: Based on single-cell RNA (scRNA) transcriptomic data of BCa, we employed non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) dimensionality reduction clustering to identify novel ferroptosis-related cell subtypes within the BCa TME, aiming to explore the biological characteristics of these TME cell subtypes. Subsequently, we conducted survival analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis to explore the prognostic significance of these cell subtypes. We investigated the relationship between specific subtypes and immune infiltration, as well as their implications for immunotherapy. Finally, we discovered a valuable and novel biomarker for BCa, supported by a series of in vitro experiments. Results: We subdivided cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophages, and T cells into 3-5 small subpopulations through NMF and further explored the biological features. We found that ferroptosis played an important role in the BCa TME. Through bulk RNA-seq analysis, we further verified that ferroptosis affected the progression, prognosis, and immunotherapy response of BCa by regulating the TME. Especially ACSL4+CAFs, we found that high-level infiltration of this CAF subtype predicted worse prognosis, more complex immune infiltration, and less response for immunotherapy. Additionally, we found that this type of CAF was associated with cancer cells through the PTN-SDC1 axis, suggesting that SDC1 may be crucial in regulating CAFs in cancer cells. A series of in vitro experiments confirmed these inferences: SDC1 promoted the progression of BCa. Interestingly, we also discovered FTH1+ macrophages, which were closely related to SPP1+ macrophages and may also be involved in the regulation of BCa TME. Conclusion: This study revealed the significant impact of ferroptosis on bladder cancer TME and identified novel ferroptosis-related TME cell subpopulations, ACSL4+CAFs, and important BCa biomarker SDC1.
Asunto(s)
Progresión de la Enfermedad , Ferroptosis , Inmunoterapia , Análisis de la Célula Individual , Transcriptoma , Microambiente Tumoral , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Ferroptosis/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/genética , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/terapia , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Pronóstico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer/metabolismo , Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer/inmunología , Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer/patologíaRESUMEN
Sonogenetics is an emerging medical technology that uses acoustic waves to control cells through sonosensitive mediators (SSMs) that are genetically encoded, thus remotely and non-invasively modulating specific molecular events and/or biomolecular functions. Sonogenetics has opened new opportunities for targeted spatiotemporal manipulation in the field of gene and cell-based therapies due to its inherent advantages, such as its noninvasive nature, high level of safety, and deep tissue penetration. Sonogenetics holds impressive potential in a wide range of applications, from tumor immunotherapy and mitigation of Parkinsonian symptoms to the modulation of neural reward pathway, and restoration of vision. This review provides a detailed overview of the mechanisms and classifications of established sonogenetics systems and summarizes their applications in disease treatment and management. The review concludes by highlighting the challenges that hinder the further progress of sonogenetics, paving the way for future advances.