RESUMEN
Physiological responses of plants to salinity stress requires the coordinated activation of many genes. A salt-induced gene was isolated from roots of the wild tomato species Solanum chilense and named SchRabGDI1 because it encodes a protein with high identity to GDP dissociation inhibitors of plants. These proteins are regulators of the RabGTPase cycle that play key roles in intracellular vesicular trafficking. The expression pattern of SchRabGDI1 showed an early up-regulation in roots and leaves under salt stress. Functional activity of SchRabGDI1 was shown by restoring the defective phenotype of the yeast sec19-1 mutant and the capacity of SchRabGDI1 to interact with RabGTPase was demonstrated through BiFC assays. Expression of SchRabGDI1 in Arabidopsis thaliana plants resulted in increased salt tolerance. Also, the root cells of transgenic plants showed higher rate of endocytosis under normal growth conditions and higher accumulation of sodium in vacuoles and small vesicular structures under salt stress than wild type. Our results suggest that in salt tolerant species such as S. chilense, bulk endocytosis is one of the early mechanisms to avoid salt stress, which requires the concerted expression of regulatory genes involved in vesicular trafficking of the endocytic pathway.
Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Inhibidores de Disociación de Guanina Nucleótido/metabolismo , Solanum/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/fisiología , Inhibidores de Disociación de Guanina Nucleótido/genética , Modelos Estructurales , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Hojas de la Planta/fisiología , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/fisiología , Brotes de la Planta/genética , Brotes de la Planta/fisiología , Transporte de Proteínas , Salinidad , Tolerancia a la Sal , Cloruro de Sodio/metabolismo , Solanum/fisiología , Estrés Fisiológico , Vesículas Transportadoras/metabolismo , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
A depressão apresenta alta carga de doença no mundo. Fatores socioeconômicos e exposição a situações extremas no trabalho podem estar associados à doença. O objetivo do trabalho é investigar a prevalência e fatores associados à depressão em bombeiros de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Estudo transversal foi realizado em universo de bombeiros do sexo masculino em Belo Horizonte (n = 711). O Inventário Beck para Depressão (IBD) foi utilizado para avaliar a presença de depressão. Modelos de regressão logística (uni e multivariada) foram utilizados para estudar a associação entre características sociodemográficas, estressores ocupacionais, situação de saúde e depressão. A prevalência de depressão na amostra estudada foi 5,5%. A chance de depressão foi maior entre bombeiros que relataram sintomas de estresse pós-traumático (OR = 12,47; IC95%: 5,64-27,57) e uso abusivo de álcool (OR = 5,30; IC95%: 2,35-11,96). Os resultados são discutidos considerando as inter-relações entre transtornos mentais, o efeito do trabalhador sadio e o reconhecimento social do trabalho dos bombeiros.
Depression burder is high worldwide. Socioeconomic factors and exposure to extreme situations at work may be associated with the illness. This study focused on the prevalence of depression and associated factors among firefighters in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted among male firefighters in Belo Horizonte (n = 711). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depression. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to study the association between socio-demographic characteristics, occupational stressors, health status, and depression. Prevalence of depression in the sample was 5.5%. The likelihood of developing depression was higher among firefighters who reported post-traumatic stress symptoms (OR = 12.47; 95%CI: 5.64-27.57) and alcohol abuse (OR = 5.30; 95%CI: 2.35-11.96). The results are discussed considering the interrelationships between mental disorders, the healthy worker effect, and social recognition of firefighters' work.
La depresión tiene una alta carga como enfermedad mundial. Factores socioeconómicos y la exposición a situaciones extremas en el trabajo pueden estar asociados con la enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar la prevalencia y los factores asociados con la depresión en los bomberos de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado entre los bomberos de sexo masculino de Belo Horizonte (n = 711). Se utilizó el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (IDB) para evaluar la presencia de depresión. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística para estudiar la asociación entre características sociodemográficas, estrés ocupacional, estado de salud y depresión. La prevalencia de depresión fue de un 5,5%. La posibilidad de depresión fue mayor entre los bomberos que informaron síntomas de estrés postraumático (OR = 12,47; IC95%: 5,64-27,57) y abuso de alcohol (OR = 5,30, IC95%: 2,35-11,96). Los resultados son discutidos considerando las interrelaciones entre los trastornos mentales, el efecto en trabajadores sanos y el reconocimiento social de la labor de bomberos.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , /genética , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Inhibidores de Disociación de Guanina Nucleótido/genética , Transportadores de Ácidos Monocarboxílicos/genética , Sitios Genéticos , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Variación Genética , Genoma Humano , Haplotipos , Leptina/genética , MicroARNs/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido SimpleRESUMEN
We aimed to compare the expression and function of molecular components of the RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling pathway in the contractile responses of detrusor, trigonal and urethral smooth muscle, using selective Rho-kinase inhibitors. Contractility studies and molecular approaches were employed to demonstrate the expression patterns and functional activity of the RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling pathway in the lower urinary tract. Frequency-response curves (1-32 Hz) and concentration-response curves (CRC) to carbachol (CCh, 0.01-30 microM), phenylephrine (PE, 0.01-300 microM) and endothelin-1 (ET-1, 0.01-100 nM) were significantly attenuated (p<0.01) following incubation with the Rho-kinase inhibitors H-1152 (0.1-1 microM), Y-27632 (1-10 microM) or HA-1077 (10 microM). Addition of Rho-kinase inhibitors also markedly reduced (p<0.01) the contractions evoked by either KCl (80 mM) or alpha,beta-methylene ATP (alpha,beta-mATP, 10 microM). Among the Rho-kinase inhibitors tested, H-1152 was approximately 9-16 times more potent than Y-27632 or HA-1077. In addition, basal tone of detrusor and trigonal strips was reduced following addition of Y-27632 (10 microM), H-1152 (1 microM) and HA-1077 (10 microM). The expression of RhoA, RhoGDI, leukemia-associated RhoGEF (LARG) and p115RhoGEF was similar among the detrusor, trigone and urethra, whereas Rho-kinase alpha, Rho-kinase beta and PDZ-RhoGEF protein levels were significantly lower in the urethra. Components of the RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling are expressed in detrusor, trigonal and urethral smooth muscle and dynamically regulate contraction and tone. Manipulation of RhoGEF expression may provide further understanding of mechanisms involving Ca(2+) sensitization in the lower urinary tract.