RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between water and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake, health behaviors, and self-perceived health status using data from the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS). The subjects included in this analysis were 57,302 Korean adolescents from the 7th to 12th grades. The intake patterns of water and SSBs were categorized into four groups: Group I, adequate water intake (≥4 cups/day) and low frequency of SSB intake (≤1-2 times/week); Group II, adequate water intake and high frequency of SSB intake; Group III, inadequate water intake (<4 cups/day) and low frequency of SSB intake; Group IV, inadequate water intake and high frequency of SSB intake (≥3 times/week). Complex sample analyses were used for considering strata, clusters, and weights for samples. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of sociodemographic characteristics between the water and SSB intake groups. As grade levels increased or if students were female, there was a significant increase in the proportion of students characterized by low water intake and high consumption of SSB. Adolescents with healthier beverage habits, characterized by adequate water intake and low frequency of SSB consumption (Group I), generally abstained from smoking and alcohol, were more physically active, and maintained a desirable diet, reporting a better perceived health status. In contrast, those with higher SSB consumption and inadequate water intake (Group IV) were more likely to perceive their health as poor, with higher rates of smoking and alcohol use, lower physical activity levels, and poorer dietary habits compared to Group I. In conclusion, adolescents with desirable beverage consumption habits differed by sex and grade and they reported positive health behaviors and better overall health status. This suggests that there is a need for more active education and intervention in schools and families, as well as increased efforts by adolescents to promote healthy beverage habits.

Asunto(s)

Ingestión de Líquidos , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Estado de Salud , Bebidas Azucaradas , Humanos , Adolescente , Femenino , Masculino , República de Corea , Bebidas Azucaradas/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta del Adolescente , Conducta Alimentaria , Encuestas y Cuestionarios

RESUMEN

The study objective was to identify correlates of tap water consumption among adolescents. French-speaking adolescents from the province of Québec (Canada) were recruited in person and online from March to July 2023 using diverse recruitment strategies. Water consumption was measured using the validated French version of a questionnaire specifically designed to measure adolescents' beverage intake. Participants answered an online survey on their attitude towards tap and bottled water which also measured individual and environmental factors that can influence tap water consumption. A total of 218 adolescents (14-17 years; 55.5% female) completed the survey. On average, 79.2% of adolescents' water intake came from tap and 33.5% of them consumed exclusively tap water. Thinking that bottled water is more convenient than tap water was a significant correlate of adolescents' tap water consumption (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.95; p = 0.0219). Adolescents who believed that bottled water is more convenient than tap water were less likely to consume exclusively tap water. Public health interventions aimed at promoting adolescents' tap water should strive to make tap water intake be perceived as convenient as bottled water, such as encouraging teenagers to always carry along a reusable water bottle, installing drinking fountains in popular public areas, and increasing the visibility of such fountains.

Asunto(s)

Agua Potable , Humanos , Adolescente , Femenino , Masculino , Quebec , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Ingestión de Líquidos , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/psicología , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This is an updated and expanded version of the original Cochrane review, first published in 2014. Postoperative oral intake is traditionally withheld after major abdominal gynaecologic surgery until the return of bowel function. The concern is that early oral intake will result in vomiting and severe paralytic ileus, with subsequent aspiration pneumonia, wound dehiscence, and anastomotic leakage. However, clinical studies suggest that there may be benefits from early postoperative oral intake. Currently, gynaecologic surgery can be performed through various routes: open abdominal, vaginal, laparoscopic, robotic, or a combination. In this version, we included women undergoing major gynaecologic surgery through all of these routes, either alone or in combination. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of early versus delayed (traditional) initiation of oral intake of food and fluids after major gynaecologic surgery. SEARCH METHODS: On 13 June 2023, we searched the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group's Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, the citation lists of relevant publications, and two trial registries. We also contacted experts in the field for any additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effect of early versus delayed initiation of oral intake of food and fluids after major gynaecologic surgery, performed by abdominal, vaginal, laparoscopic, and robotic approaches. Early feeding was defined as oral intake of fluids or food within 24 hours post-surgery, regardless of the return of bowel function. Delayed feeding was defined as oral intake after 24 hours post-surgery, and only after signs of postoperative ileus resolution. Primary outcomes were: postoperative ileus, nausea, vomiting, cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, abdominal distension, need for postoperative nasogastric tube, time to the presence of bowel sounds, time to the first passage of flatus, time to the first passage of stool, time to the start of a regular diet, and length of postoperative hospital stay. Secondary outcomes were: infectious complications, wound complications, deep venous thrombosis, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, satisfaction, and quality of life. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently selected studies, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted the data. We calculated the risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for dichotomous data. We examined continuous data using the mean difference (MD) and a 95% CI. We tested for heterogeneity between the results of different studies using a forest plot of the meta-analysis, the statistical tests of homogeneity of 2 x 2 tables, and the I² value. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using GRADE methods. MAIN RESULTS: We included seven randomised controlled trials (RCTs), randomising 902 women. We are uncertain whether early feeding compared to delayed feeding has an effect on postoperative ileus (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.16; I² = 0%; 4 studies, 418 women; low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain whether early feeding affects nausea or vomiting, or both (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.33; I² = 67%; random-effects model; 6 studies, 742 women; very low-certainty evidence); nausea (RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.51 to 3.03; I² = 74%; 3 studies, 453 women; low-certainty evidence); vomiting (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.32; I² = 0%; 4 studies, 559 women; low-certainty evidence), abdominal distension (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.31; I² = 0%; 4 studies, 559 women; low-certainty evidence); need for postoperative nasogastric tube placement (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.14 to 1.55; 3 studies, 453 women; low-certainty evidence); or time to the presence of bowel sounds (MD -0.20 days, 95% CI -0.46 to 0.06; I² = 71%; random-effects model; 3 studies, 477 women; low-certainty evidence). There is probably no difference between the two feeding protocols for the onset of flatus (MD -0.11 days, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.02; I² = 9%; 5 studies, 702 women; moderate-certainty evidence). Early feeding probably results in a slight reduction in the time to the first passage of stool (MD -0.18 days, 95% CI -0.33 to -0.04; I² = 0%; 4 studies, 507 women; moderate-certainty evidence), and may lead to a slightly sooner resumption of a solid diet (MD -1.10 days, 95% CI -1.79 to -0.41; I² = 97%; random-effects model; 3 studies, 420 women; low-certainty evidence). Hospital stay may be slightly shorter in the early feeding group (MD -0.66 days, 95% CI -1.17 to -0.15; I² = 77%; random-effects model; 5 studies, 603 women; low-certainty evidence). The effect of the two feeding protocols on febrile morbidity is uncertain (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.22; I² = 47%; 3 studies, 453 women; low-certainty evidence). However, infectious complications are probably less common in women with early feeding (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.73; I² = 0%; 2 studies, 183 women; moderate-certainty evidence). There may be no difference between the two feeding protocols for wound complications (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.35; I² = 0%; 4 studies, 474 women; low-certainty evidence), or pneumonia (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.07 to 1.73; I² = 0%; 3 studies, 434 women; low-certainty evidence). Two studies measured participant satisfaction and quality of life. One study found satisfaction was probably higher in the early feeding group, while the other study found no difference. Neither study found a significant difference between the groups for quality of life (P > 0.05). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Despite some uncertainty, there is no evidence to indicate harmful effects of early feeding following major gynaecologic surgery, measured as postoperative ileus, nausea, vomiting, or abdominal distension. The potential benefits of early feeding include a slightly faster initiation of bowel movements, a slightly sooner resumption of a solid diet, a slightly shorter hospital stay, a lower rate of infectious complications, and a higher level of satisfaction.

Asunto(s)

Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Humanos , Femenino , Factores de Tiempo , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Tiempo de Internación , Sesgo , Cuidados Posoperatorios/métodos , Náusea y Vómito Posoperatorios/etiología , Náusea y Vómito Posoperatorios/epidemiología , Ingestión de Alimentos , Nutrición Enteral/métodos , Seudoobstrucción Intestinal/etiología , Ingestión de Líquidos

RESUMEN

Hydration status plays a key role in healthy ageing, and it is potentially affected by several factors, including drug consumption. However, research on this issue to date is scarce, especially in highly vulnerable groups, such as the elderly. We aimed to study the relationship linking hydration status, analysed by means of a validated questionnaire, 24 h urine analysis, body composition assessment, and drug consumption in a sample of old adults. A total of 144 elders were included in the study. Cardiovascular drug consumption was significantly associated with a lower water intake in men (ß = -0.282, p = 0.029). Moreover, urinary analysis revealed that total drug intake as well as the consumption of diuretics and cardiovascular drugs were associated with poorer hydration status, whereas genito-urinary drugs were associated with an opposite effect, and these results were confirmed in terms of body composition. Hence, total drug consumption (ß = -0.205), diuretic (ß = -0.408), cardiovascular (ß = -0.297), and genito-urinary drugs (ß = 0.298) were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with total body water. The obtained results confirmed the impact of chronic treatment with certain drugs on hydration status. Nutritional interventions may be of great interest in certain population groups in order to prevent complications due to altered hydration status.

Asunto(s)

Composición Corporal , Diuréticos , Ingestión de Líquidos , Estado de Hidratación del Organismo , Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Femenino , Diuréticos/administración & dosificación , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Agua Corporal , Fármacos Cardiovasculares , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Deshidratación/epidemiología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Postoperative thirst is one of the most intense, common and easily ignored subjective discomforts in patients after gynecological surgery. This study aimed to investigate whether early oral hydration on demand in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) after gynecological laparoscopy under general anesthesia can appease postoperative thirst and increase patient comfort. METHODS: Participants were randomized into the intervention and control groups. Patients in the intervention group were allowed to achieve early oral hydration on demand in the PACU if they were evaluated as fully conscious, with stable vital signs, grade 5 muscle strength, and well-recovered cough and swallowing reflex. However, the total amount of water intake throughout the entire study should not exceed 0.5mL/kg. During the study, the frequency of water intake, the total amount of water intake and adverse events were accurately recorded. The control group was managed according to the routine procedures and began to drink water 2 h after anesthesia. The intensity of thirst and subjective comfort in patients were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) when they entered and left the PACU. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were identified in age, height, weight, body mass index, pre-operative fasting time, duration of surgery, intraoperative fluid intake, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative urine volume, and thirst intensity and subjective comfort scores between the groups before intervention (P > 0.05). After intervention, the VAS score for thirst intensity in the intervention group significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the VAS score for subjective comfort in the intervention group significantly increased (P < 0.05). No adverse events were detected in both groups during the entire study. CONCLUSION: Early oral hydration on demand in the PACU can safely and effectively relieve postoperative thirst in patients, and improve patient comfort after gynecological laparoscopy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Center on April 27, 2023. The registration number of this study is ChiCTR2300070985.

Asunto(s)

Fluidoterapia , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos , Laparoscopía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Sed , Humanos , Sed/fisiología , Femenino , Laparoscopía/métodos , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Fluidoterapia/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anestesia General/métodos , Ingestión de Líquidos/fisiología

RESUMEN

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of sucrose (SUC) consumption on neurodevelopmental processes through behavioral changes in rodents and determine whether these effects could be because of sweet taste, energy supply, or both. Mice were divided into five groups based on the time of SUC or sucralose (SUR, a noncaloric sweetener) administration: for 6 days from gestation day (GTD) 7, to birth from GTD13 and for 15 days from postnatal day (PND) 21, PND38, and PND56. SUC and SUR administration did not impact body weight. However, food intake in the PND56 group and water intake in the GTD13 and PND56 groups were increased by SUC and SUR administration. Amphetamine (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg), a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, administration to assess alterations in the dopaminergic system induced increases in distance traveled after SUC administration in the GTD13 and PND21 groups compared with that in the control (vehicle administration) group. In contrast, the SUR group showed a decrease in the distance traveled in the PND56 group. Although there were no differences in locomotor activity and foraging behavior, SUC preference increased in the SUC group regarding the GTD13 and PND38 groups. The correlations between SUC preference and foraging behavior and between SUC preference and amphetamine response varied in both groups according to the developmental stage. Excessive SUC consumption might affect neural function at different developmental stages, as it could affect brain function through complex mechanisms involving sweet taste and energy supply and influence the dopaminergic system.

Asunto(s)

Sacarosa , Animales , Sacarosa/administración & dosificación , Sacarosa/análogos & derivados , Femenino , Ratones , Embarazo , Masculino , Anfetamina/farmacología , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Edulcorantes/administración & dosificación , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Ingestión de Líquidos/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

This study examined the effects of 7 days of heat stress on eight early lactating Holstein cows in climate-controlled chambers. The early lactating Holstein cows (42 ± 2 days in milk, 29.27 ± 0.38 kg/day milk yield, 1.21 ± 0.05 parity) were subjected to two 14-day periods, each consisting of 7 days of adaptation and 7 days of heat stress. Conditions were set to 22 °C and 50% humidity during adaptation, followed by heat stress periods with low-temperature, low-humidity (LTLH, 71 THI) and high-temperature, high-humidity (HTHH, 86 THI) treatments. Data from the last 7 days were analyzed using a mixed procedure in SAS. In the study, the HTHH group displayed marked physiological and biochemical changes on 14 days of heat stress exposure compared to the LTLH group. Firstly, the HTHH group's dry matter intake decreased by approximately 12% while their water intake increased by about 23%. Secondly, both milk yield and milk protein production in the HTHH group decreased by 10% and 20%, respectively. Thirdly, there was a reduction in white blood cells, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and platelets in the HTHH group, with concurrent increases in glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, and albumin concentrations. Additionally, the HTHH group exhibited elevated plasma concentrations of cortisol and haptoglobin. Moreover, the gene expression of heat shock protein 70 and heat shock protein 90 was significantly upregulated in the HTHH group's peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Lastly, key physiological indicators such as rectal temperature, heart rate, and skin temperature showed substantial elevations in the HTHH group. Considering the enormous negative effects observed in the analyzed blood metabolites, milk yield and compositions, and heat shock protein gene expression, early lactating Holstein cows were found to be more vulnerable to HTHH than LTLH over a 7 days exposure to heat stress.

Asunto(s)

Respuesta al Choque Térmico , Lactancia , Leche , Animales , Bovinos/fisiología , Bovinos/sangre , Bovinos/genética , Femenino , Leche/metabolismo , Ingestión de Líquidos , Ingestión de Alimentos , Trastornos de Estrés por Calor/veterinaria , Trastornos de Estrés por Calor/sangre , Trastornos de Estrés por Calor/genética , Humedad

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine if perioperative administration of dexmedetomidine affects postoperative fluid intake in tonsillectomy patients. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed at University Medical Center, Texas Tech Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas. The study identified 534 patients within the last five years who met the criteria. Common indications for the surgeries included recurrent tonsillitis, obstructive sleep apnea, and sleep disordered breathing. Patients with concurrent peritonsillar abscess drainage, microlaryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, supraglottoplasty, and other procedures that may impact fluid intake were excluded. The relationship between dexmedetomidine and fluid intake was evaluated using bivariate analysis as well as multivariable regression to account for possible confounders such as age, concurrent medication, surgery type, and method of surgery using STATA statistical software, version 17.0 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX). RESULTS: Administration of dexmedetomidine did not significantly impact the amount of fluid intake, fluid intake per kilogram per hour, or average postoperative pain levels in patients who underwent tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy in the bivariate analysis (p = 0.217, 0.489, 0.512 respectively) and multiple regression model (p = 0.156, 0.802, 0.795) CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine does not negatively influence postoperative fluid intake levels in patients and should continue to be utilized in appropriately selected patients experiencing anxiety or agitation prior to surgery.

Asunto(s)

Adenoidectomía , Deshidratación , Dexmedetomidina , Dolor Postoperatorio , Tonsilectomía , Humanos , Dexmedetomidina/administración & dosificación , Dexmedetomidina/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Niño , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Preescolar , Adolescente , Adulto , Ingestión de Líquidos , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/cirugía , Adulto Joven , Tonsilitis/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/uso terapéutico , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/administración & dosificación , Síndromes de la Apnea del Sueño

Asunto(s)

Pielonefritis , Infecciones Urinarias , Humanos , Infecciones Urinarias/epidemiología , Ingestión de Líquidos , Factores de Riesgo

RESUMEN

Angiotensin-II (Ang-II) production is driven by deviations in blood volume and osmolality, and serves the role of regulating blood pressure and fluid intake to maintain cardiovascular and hydromineral homeostasis. These actions are mediated by Ang-II acting on its type 1a receptor (AT1aR) within the central nervous system and periphery. Of relevance, AT1aR are expressed on sensory afferents responsible for conveying cardiovascular information to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). We have previously determined that optical excitation of neurons and vagal afferents within the NTS that express AT1aR (referred to as NTSAT1aR) mimics the perception of increased vascular stretch and induces compensatory responses to restore blood pressure. Here, we test whether NTSAT1aR are also involved in the modulation of water and sodium intake. We directed the light-sensitive excitatory channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) or inhibitory halorhodopsin (Halo) to Agtr1a-containing neurons and measured water and sodium chloride (NaCl) intake in the presence and absence of optical stimulation within the NTS during various challenges to fluid homeostasis. Optical perturbation of NTSAT1aR modulates NaCl intake, such that excitation attenuates, whereas inhibition increases intake. This effect is only observed in the water-deprived condition, suggesting that NTSAT1aR are involved in the regulation of sodium intake during an imbalance in both the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. Furthermore, optical excitation of NTSAT1aR increases c-Fos expression within oxytocinergic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), indicating that the regulation of sodium intake by NTSAT1aR may be mediated by oxytocin. Collectively, these results reveal that NTSAT1aR are sufficient and necessary to modulate sodium intake relative to perceived changes in vascular stretch.

Asunto(s)

Neuronas , Receptor de Angiotensina Tipo 1 , Núcleo Solitario , Animales , Núcleo Solitario/metabolismo , Núcleo Solitario/fisiología , Núcleo Solitario/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor de Angiotensina Tipo 1/metabolismo , Neuronas/metabolismo , Neuronas/fisiología , Masculino , Ingestión de Líquidos/fisiología , Ingestión de Líquidos/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas Aferentes/fisiología , Neuronas Aferentes/metabolismo , Optogenética , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacología

RESUMEN

The cerebellum, a phylogenetically ancient brain region, has long been considered strictly a motor control structure. Recent studies have implicated the cerebellum in cognition, sensation, emotion and autonomic function, making it an important target for further investigation. Here, we show that cerebellar Purkinje neurons in mice are activated by the hormone asprosin, leading to enhanced thirst, and that optogenetic or chemogenetic activation of Purkinje neurons induces rapid manifestation of water drinking. Purkinje neuron-specific asprosin receptor (Ptprd) deletion results in reduced water intake without affecting food intake and abolishes asprosin's dipsogenic effect. Purkinje neuron-mediated motor learning and coordination were unaffected by these manipulations, indicating independent control of two divergent functions by Purkinje neurons. Our results show that the cerebellum is a thirst-modulating brain area and that asprosin-Ptprd signaling may be a potential therapeutic target for the management of thirst disorders.

Asunto(s)

Cerebelo , Células de Purkinje , Sed , Animales , Sed/fisiología , Ratones , Cerebelo/fisiología , Células de Purkinje/fisiología , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ingestión de Líquidos/fisiología , Optogenética , Ratones Transgénicos , Ratones Noqueados , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo

RESUMEN

AIM: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) rank among the most prevalent infections in humans, carrying substantial implications for public health. Women experiencing recurrent UTIs are often advised to boost their fluid intake to help eliminate bacteria. In this study, we explored the impact of elevated fluid consumption during UTIs using a mouse model of pyelonephritis. METHODS: UTI was induced in 8-10 w female BALB/cJ-mice by surgically injecting Escherichia coli (O6:K13:H1) into the bladder whereafter mice were randomized to gel food (GF) or regular chow. Immune response and infection severity were determined 24-h post-infection. In vitro bacterial growth (OD600) was determined in urine from mice or from human volunteers. RESULTS: Gel feeding increased urine output (1.40 ± 0.77 µL min-1, p < 0.01) and diluted the urine (668.7 ± 177 mOsmol kg-1, p < 0.0001) compared to controls on regular chow (urine output: 0.34 ± 0.27 µL min-1, osmolality: 1439 ± 473.5 mOsmol kg-1). Mice on GF had a higher risk of pyelonephritis (87.5%) and more severe infections (26.22 ± 9.88 CFU mg-1 tissue) compared to controls (43.75%; 3.87 ± 3.56 CFU mg-1, p < 0.01). Correspondingly, the growth of E. coli was markedly reduced at osmolalities above 1200 mOsmol kg-1 compared to 600 mOsmol kg-1 and GF mice had lower urine levels of uromodulin (13.70 ± 1.89 µg mL-1, p < 0.01) compared to controls (24.65 ± 2.70 µg mL-1). CONCLUSION: Increased water intake and urine flow in mice will markedly increase the risk of pyelonephritis. The increased risk may reflect reduced urine uromodulin combined with optimized growth conditions for E. coli. The study does not immediately support the notion that established UTIs can be eliminated by increased water intake.

Asunto(s)

Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ingestión de Líquidos , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Pielonefritis , Uromodulina , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Escherichia coli , Infecciones por Escherichia coli , Pielonefritis/prevención & control , Pielonefritis/orina , Pielonefritis/microbiología , Infecciones Urinarias/prevención & control , Uromodulina/orina , Masculino

RESUMEN

The objective of the present work is to examine from a new perspective the existence of causal factors not predicted by the classical theory that thirst and sodium appetite are two distinct motivations. For example, we ask why water deprivation induces sodium appetite, thirst is not "water appetite", and intracellular dehydration potentially causes sodium appetite. Contrary to the classical theory, we suggest that thirst first, and sodium appetite second, designate a temporal sequence underlying the same motivation. The single motivation becomes an "intervenient variable" a concept borrowed from the literature, fully explained in the text, between causes of dehydration (extracellular, intracellular, or both together), and respective behavioral responses subserved by hindbrain-dependent inhibition (e.g., lateral parabrachial nucleus) and forebrain facilitation (e.g., angiotensin II). A corollary is homology between rat sodium appetite and marine teleost thirst-like motivation that we name "protodipsia". The homology argument rests on similarities between behavior (salty water intake) and respective neuroanatomical as well as functional mechanisms. Tetrapod origin in a marine environment provides additional support for the homology. The single motivation hypothesis is also consistent with ingestive behaviors in nature given similarities (e.g., thirst producing brackish water intake) between the behavior of the laboratory rat and wild animals, rodents included. The hypotheses of single motivation and homology might explain why hyperosmotic rats, or eventually any other hyperosmotic tetrapod, shows paradoxical signs of sodium appetite. They might also explain how ingestive behaviors determined by dehydration and subserved by hindbrain inhibitory mechanisms contributed to tetrapod transition from sea to land.

Asunto(s)

Apetito , Evolución Biológica , Deshidratación , Ingestión de Líquidos , Animales , Ratas , Deshidratación/fisiopatología , Apetito/fisiología , Ingestión de Líquidos/fisiología , Sed/fisiología , Motivación/fisiología , Sodio/metabolismo , Conducta de Ingestión de Líquido/fisiología

RESUMEN

This study investigated whether ghrelin mimetics, namely anamorelin and ipamorelin, can alleviate weight loss and inhibition of feeding observed during acute and delayed phases of cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets. The potential of anamorelin to inhibit electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractions of isolated ferret ileum was compared with ipamorelin. In other experiments, ferrets were administered anamorelin (1-3 mg/kg), ipamorelin (1-3 mg/kg), or vehicle intraperitoneally (i.p.) 30 s before cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and then every 24 h, and their behaviour was recorded for up to 72 h. Food and water consumption was measured every 24 h. The effect of anamorelin (10 µg) was also assessed following intracerebroventricular administration. Anamorelin and ipamorelin inhibited EFS-induced contractions of isolated ileum by 94.4 % (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50]=14.0 µM) and 54.4 % (IC50=11.7 µM), respectively. Neither of compounds administered i.p. had any effect on cisplatin-induced acute or delayed emesis, but both inhibited associated cisplatin-induced weight loss on the last day of delayed phase (48-72 h) by approximately 24 %. Anamorelin (10 µg) administered intracerebroventricularly reduced cisplatin-induced acute emesis by 60 % but did not affect delayed emesis. It also improved food and water consumption by approximately 20 %-40 % during acute phase, but not delayed phase, and reduced associated cisplatin-induced weight loss during delayed phase by ∼23 %. In conclusion, anamorelin and ipamorelin administered i.p. had beneficial effects in alleviating cisplatin-induced weight loss during delayed phase, and these effects were seen when centrally administered anamorelin. Anamorelin inhibited cisplatin-induced acute emesis following intracerebroventricular but not intraperitoneal administration, suggesting that brain penetration is important for its anti-emetic mechanism of action.

Asunto(s)

Cisplatino , Hurones , Pérdida de Peso , Animales , Pérdida de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Ghrelina/agonistas , Receptores de Ghrelina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Vómitos/inducido químicamente , Vómitos/prevención & control , Vómitos/tratamiento farmacológico , Antieméticos/farmacología , Oligopéptidos/farmacología , Íleon/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Líquidos/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Eating, drinking and swallowing difficulties are commonly reported morbidities for individuals born with OA/TOF. This study aimed to determine the nature and prevalence of eating, drinking and oro-pharyngeal swallowing difficulties reported in this population. METHOD: A systematic review and meta-proportional analysis were conducted (PROSPERO: CRD42020207263). MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science databases and grey literature were searched. Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted relating to swallow impairment, use of mealtime adaptations and eating and drinking-related quality of life. Quantitative data were summarised using narrative and meta-proportional analysis methods. Qualitative data were synthesised using a meta-aggregation approach. Where quantitative and qualitative data described the same phenomenon, a convergent segregated approach was used to synthesise data. RESULTS: Sixty-five studies were included. Six oro-pharyngeal swallow characteristics were identified, and pooled prevalence calculated: aspiration (24%), laryngeal penetration (6%), oral stage dysfunction (11%), pharyngeal residue (13%), nasal regurgitation (7%), delayed swallow initiation (31%). Four patient-reported eating/drinking difficulties were identified, and pooled prevalence calculated: difficulty swallowing solids (45%), difficulty swallowing liquids (6%), odynophagia (30%), coughing when eating (38%). Three patient-reported mealtime adaptations were identified, and pooled prevalence calculated: need for water when eating (49%), eating slowly (37%), modifying textures (28%). Mixed methods synthesis of psychosocial impacts identified 34% of parents experienced mealtime anxiety and 25% report challenging mealtime behaviours reflected in five qualitative themes: fear and trauma associated with eating and drinking, isolation and a lack of support, being aware and grateful, support to cope and loss. CONCLUSIONS: Eating and drinking difficulties are common in adults and children with repaired OA/TOF. Oro-pharyngeal swallowing difficulties may be more prevalent than previously reported. Eating, drinking and swallowing difficulties can impact on psychological well-being and quality of life, for the individual and parents/family members. Long-term, multi-disciplinary follow-up is warranted.

Asunto(s)

Trastornos de Deglución , Atresia Esofágica , Humanos , Trastornos de Deglución/etiología , Atresia Esofágica/cirugía , Fístula Traqueoesofágica/cirugía , Calidad de Vida , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Ingestión de Líquidos/fisiología

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of a water drinking test (WDT) on the intraocular pressure (IOP) and vascular density of the optic nerve head and macula in healthy individuals and those with primary open glaucoma using optical coherence tomography angiography. METHODS: In this prospective comparative study, 30 healthy patients and 44 POAG subjects were divided into two groups. The study's outcome measures were the IOP and vessel density of the optic nerve and macular area. After ingesting 1000 ml of water in 5 min, the effect of the WDT on the IOP and the vascular density of the macular area and optic nerve head were measured at baseline and then 20, 40, and 60 min later at intervals of 20 min. RESULTS: The initial IOP in the healthy and glaucomatous eye groups was comparable (15.94 ± 2.6 and 16.87 ± 4.21 mmHg, respectively, P = 0.506). The IOP of both groups peaked at 40' measurements. POAG eyes had significantly higher IOP elevation (4.34 ± 0.30 vs. 2.24 ± 0.30 mmHg, P < 0.001). The glaucomatous eyes had lower radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) and whole macular superficial capillary plexus (SCP) densities at baseline (48.55 ± 5.99 vs. 51.33 ± 3.75) and (48.92 ± 3.41 vs. 45.29 ± 5.29), respectively (P < 0.001). After the WDT, the change in vessel density between groups in the RPC, whole superficial, and deep capillary plexuses was insignificant (SCP and DCP of 0.66 and 0.70, respectively, P = 0.16). CONCLUSION: The WDT caused a significant IOP jump in both glaucomatous and healthy eyes, but generally, the alterations in the glaucomatous eyes were more pronounced. The changes in vascular density in the macula and optic nerve head were similar between the groups.

Asunto(s)

Angiografía con Fluoresceína , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto , Presión Intraocular , Mácula Lútea , Disco Óptico , Vasos Retinianos , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Humanos , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Prospectivos , Disco Óptico/irrigación sanguínea , Disco Óptico/diagnóstico por imagen , Presión Intraocular/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vasos Retinianos/diagnóstico por imagen , Vasos Retinianos/patología , Mácula Lútea/irrigación sanguínea , Mácula Lútea/diagnóstico por imagen , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/fisiopatología , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/diagnóstico , Angiografía con Fluoresceína/métodos , Adulto , Ingestión de Líquidos/fisiología , Fondo de Ojo , Anciano , Células Ganglionares de la Retina/patología

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: Sergi, TE, Roberts, BM, and Heileson, JL. What About Water? Implications for Body Composition Assessment in Military Personnel. J Strength Cond Res 38(9): e534-e540, 2024-Body composition standards ensure service members maintain physical fitness, wellness, and support mission readiness. Anthropometric techniques (i.e., height/mass, circumference-based "tape test") have been the primary screening and percent body fat (%BF) assessment method in military personnel for about 4 decades. Recently, the Army and Marine Corps have implemented more advanced body composition assessment methods, such as air displacement plethysmography (ADP), multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA), and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), to serve as supplemental %BF assessment after failing the tape test. Although supplemental assessments are intended to improve on the accuracy and precision of the tape test, preassessment standardization, specifically regarding acute water ingestion (AWI), is lacking. Thus, the purpose of this narrative review was to (a) summarize the available literature regarding the influence of AWI on body composition estimates derived from ADP, MF-BIA, and DXA and (b) provide evidence-based recommendations for researchers and practitioners. Studies indicate that AWI increases %BF estimates with ADP (4 of 6 [4/6] observations) and MF-BIA (6/7), whereas AWI increases muscle mass (6/6) and likely decreases %BF (2/3) when obtained by DXA. In conclusion, ADP, MF-BIA, and DXA are susceptible to confounding from AWI, leading to inaccurate body composition estimates that may negatively affect the careers of military personnel. Based on the findings from this narrative review, military practitioners and researchers should (a) follow manufacturer guidelines for calorie intake [food and fluid] and exercise avoidance, (b) conduct urine-specific gravity testing [if possible], and (c) limit AWI to <250 ml before assessment.

Asunto(s)

Absorciometría de Fotón , Composición Corporal , Impedancia Eléctrica , Personal Militar , Pletismografía , Humanos , Composición Corporal/fisiología , Agua , Ingestión de Líquidos/fisiología , Antropometría

RESUMEN

Toddlerhood (aged 13~36 months) is a period of dietary transition, with water intake being significantly influenced by parental feeding patterns, cultural traditions, and the availability of beverages and food. Nevertheless, given the lack of applicable data, it is challenging to guide and evaluate the water intake of toddlers in China. In this study, our objectives were to assess the daily total water intake (TWI), evaluate the consumption patterns of various beverages and food sources contributing to the TWI, determine the conformity of participants to the adequate intake (AI) recommendation of water released by the Chinese Nutrition Society, and analyze the various contributors to the daily total energy intake (TEI). The data for the assessment of water and dietary intake were obtained from the cross-sectional dietary intake survey of infants and young children (DSIYC, 2018-2019). A total of 1360 eligible toddlers were recruited in the analysis. The differences in related variables between two age groups were compared by Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-Square test. The potential correlation between water and energy intake was examined utilizing age-adjusted partial correlation. Toddlers consumed a median daily TWI of 1079 mL, with 670 mL (62.3%, r = 0.752) derived from beverages and 393 mL (37.7%, r = 0.716) from foods. Plain water was the primary beverage source, contributing 300 mL (52.2%, r = 0.823), followed by milk and milk derivatives (MMDs) at 291 mL (45.6%, r = 0.595). Notably, only 28.4% of toddlers managed to reach the recommended AI value. Among these, toddlers obtain more water from beverages than from foods. The median daily TEI of toddlers was 762 kcal, including 272 kcal from beverages (36.4%, r = 0.534) and 492 kcal from foods (63.6%, r = 0.894). Among these, the median daily energy intake from MMDs was 260 kcal, making up 94.6% of the energy intake from beverages (r = 0.959). As the pioneer survey on TWI of toddlers in China based on nationally representative data, attention to the quality and quantity of water intake and actions to better guide parents by both individuals and authorities are eagerly anticipated. Additionally, the revision of the reference value of TWI for Chinese toddlers is urgently required.

Asunto(s)

Bebidas , Ingestión de Líquidos , Ingestión de Energía , Humanos , Lactante , China , Masculino , Preescolar , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas Nutricionales , Agua , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas sobre Dietas , Conducta Alimentaria , Ingesta Diaria Recomendada , Pueblos del Este de Asia

RESUMEN

Adequate water intake is essential for human health. Sugary beverage taxes are a best buy policy to reduce obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases. Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) promote healthy dietary patterns. The study purpose was to evaluate national FBDGs for countries with sugary beverage tax legislation (2000-2023) to promote water and discourage sugary beverage consumption. We developed a coding framework to conduct a content analysis of FBDG documents, and used six indicators to identify messages and images to assign healthy hydration recommendation (HHR) scores from 0-12 to compare FBDGs across countries and six regions. Results showed 93 countries with sugary beverage tax legislation of which 58 countries (62%) had published FBDGs (1998-2023). Of 58 FBDGs reviewed, 48 (83%) had complementary recommendations that encouraged water and discouraged sugary beverages. Of 93 countries, 13 (14%) had the highest HHR scores (11-12); 22, (24%) had high HHR scores (9-10); 20 (21%) had medium HHR scores (4-8); 3 (3%) had low HHR scores (0-3); and 35 (38%) countries had no FBDGs. To reduce health risks for populations, governments must ensure policy coherence to optimize sugary beverage tax impacts by developing FBDGs that encourage water and discourage sugary beverages complementary to national policies.

Asunto(s)

Política Nutricional , Bebidas Azucaradas , Impuestos , Humanos , Impuestos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Bebidas Azucaradas/economía , Bebidas Azucaradas/legislación & jurisprudencia , Política Nutricional/legislación & jurisprudencia , Ingestión de Líquidos , Bebidas/economía , Salud Global

RESUMEN

Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DANs) are subject to extensive metabotropic regulation, but the repertoire of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) present in these neurons has not been mapped. Here, we isolate DANs from Dat-eGFP mice to generate a GPCR atlas by unbiased qPCR array expression analysis of 377 GPCRs. Combined with data mining of scRNA-seq databases, we identify multiple receptors in DAN subpopulations with 38 of these receptors representing the majority of transcripts. We identify 41 receptors expressed in midbrain DANs but not in non-DAN midbrain cells, including the free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4). Functional expression of FFAR4 is validated by ex vivo Ca2+ imaging, and in vivo experiments support that FFAR4 negatively regulates food and water intake and bodyweight. In addition to providing a critical framework for understanding metabotropic DAN regulation, our data suggest fatty acid sensing by FFAR4 as a mechanism linking high-energy intake to the dopamine-reward pathway.

Asunto(s)

Neuronas Dopaminérgicas , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G , Animales , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Neuronas Dopaminérgicas/metabolismo , Ratones , Ingestión de Alimentos , Ingestión de Líquidos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Masculino , Mesencéfalo/metabolismo