RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Transforming administrative health care data into meaningful metrics has been critical to the implementation of the Department of Defense's Primary Care Behavioral Health (PCBH) program. METHODS: Data from clinical encounters with PCBH providers are used to develop metrics of program performance collaboratively. Metrics focus on describing the PCBH program and patients, provider fidelity to the model, and provider performance. These metrics form two key deliverables: a monitoring dashboard for program managers and a training dashboard for expert trainers conducting site visits. RESULTS: Behavioral health consultants (BHCs) conducted nearly 200,000 encounters with more than 100,000 unique patients in fiscal year 2019 at more than 170 locations in 6 countries and 37 states. Administrative data derived from these encounters were used to create a variety of metrics that describe practice and performance at both the provider and program levels. These metrics are delivered through a variety of analytic products to stakeholders who use that information to make data-driven decisions about program direction and provider training. DISCUSSION: We discuss examples of program management decisions and expert trainer actions based on these dashboards, highlighting the benefits of continued collaboration between analysts and program managers. Specifically, excerpts from several dashboards illustrate how penetration and productivity metrics yield specific, tailored action plans to improve care delivery and provider performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Asunto(s)
Ciencia de los Datos/métodos , Atención a la Salud/métodos , Servicios de Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Preescolar , Ciencia de los Datos/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención a la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud/métodos , Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Informática/instrumentación , Informática/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Atención Primaria de Salud/métodos , Atención Primaria de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Estados Unidos , United States Department of DefenseRESUMEN
CONTEXT: Leaders of government agencies are responsible for stewardship over taxpayer investments. Stewardship strengthens agency performance that is critical to improving population health. Most industries, including health care, and public enterprises, such as education, have policies for uniform data reporting and financial systems for the application of theoretical analytical techniques to organizations and entire systems. However, this is not a mainstreamed practice in local and state government public health. PROGRAM: The Public Health Uniform National Data System (PHUND$) is a financial information system for local health departments that advances the application of uniform practices to close financial analytical gaps. A 10-year retrospective overview on the development, implementation, and utility of PHUND$ is provided and supported by documented program and agency improvements to validate the analytical features and demonstrate a best practice. RESULTS: Benefits found from utilizing PHUND$ included reducing financial risks, supporting requests for increased revenues, providing comparative analysis, isolating drivers of costs and deficits, increasing workforce financial management skills, enhancing decision-making processes, and fostering agency sustainability to support continuous improvements in quality and population health. The PHUND$ financial data definitions in the data dictionary provided the structure needed for standardized data collection and confirmed the feasibility of a standardized public health chart of accounts. CONCLUSION: PHUND$ analysis provided evidence on the relationship between financial and operational performance, as well as informing strategies for managing risks and improving quality. Such analysis is critical to identifying financial and operational problems and essential to mitigating financial crisis, avoiding disruption of services, and fostering agency sustainability. PHUND$ additionally serves as an instrument that can guide development of standards that measure for agency sound financial management systems.
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Informática/normas , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud/normas , United States Public Health Service/economía , Florida , Humanos , Informática/instrumentación , Informática/estadística & datos numéricos , Gobierno Local , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Salud Pública/economía , Salud Pública/métodos , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
People's responses to products and/or choice environments are crucial to understanding in-store consumer behaviors. Currently, there are various approaches (e.g., surveys or laboratory settings) to study in-store behaviors, but the external validity of these is limited by their poor capability to resemble realistic choice environments. In addition, building a real store to meet experimental conditions while controlling for undesirable effects is costly and highly difficult. A virtual store developed by virtual reality techniques potentially transcends these limitations by offering the simulation of a 3D virtual store environment in a realistic, flexible, and cost-efficient way. In particular, a virtual store interactively allows consumers (participants) to experience and interact with objects in a tightly controlled yet realistic setting. This paper presents the key elements of using a desktop virtual store to study in-store consumer behavior. Descriptions of the protocol steps to: 1) build the experimental store, 2) prepare the data management program, 3) run the virtual store experiment, and 4) organize and export data from the data management program are presented. The virtual store enables participants to navigate through the store, choose a product from alternatives, and select or return products. Moreover, consumer-related shopping behaviors (e.g., shopping time, walking speed, and number and type of products examined and bought) can also be collected. The protocol is illustrated with an example of a store layout experiment showing that shelf length and shelf orientation influence shopping- and movement-related behaviors. This demonstrates that the use of a virtual store facilitates the study of consumer responses. The virtual store can be especially helpful when examining factors that are costly or difficult to change in real life (e.g., overall store layout), products that are not presently available in the market, and routinized behaviors in familiar environments.
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Comportamiento del Consumidor , Informática/instrumentación , Movimiento , Orientación , Realidad Virtual , Femenino , Humanos , Informática/métodos , MasculinoRESUMEN
The accessibility of infovis authoring tools to a wide audience has been identified as a major research challenge. A key task in the authoring process is the development of visual mappings. While the infovis community has long been deeply interested in finding effective visual mappings, comparatively little attention has been placed on how people construct visual mappings. In this paper, we present the results of a study designed to shed light on how people transform data into visual representations. We asked people to create, update and explain their own information visualizations using only tangible building blocks. We learned that all participants, most of whom had little experience in visualization authoring, were readily able to create and talk about their own visualizations. Based on our observations, we discuss participants' actions during the development of their visual representations and during their analytic activities. We conclude by suggesting implications for tool design to enable broader support for infovis authoring.
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Presentación de Datos , Informática/instrumentación , Informática/métodos , Adulto , Gráficos por Computador , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Análisis y Desempeño de Tareas , Tacto , Percepción Visual , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cancer patients are at high risks of manifesting drug-drug interactions (DDIs) which can potentiate serious negative outcomes. It is important for clinicians to make accurate, timely, safe and effective decisions with regards to drug use in the patient. OBJECTIVE: To provide clinicians with an oncology-specific drug interaction database that is relevant to their daily practice. This database focuses on DDIs with anticancer drugs (ACDs), single- and multiple-agent chemotherapy regimens. METHODS: Drug-related and interaction-related information between anticancer and antiepileptic drugs were compiled from drug information handbooks and databases, package inserts, and published literature from PubMed. Web documents were served from a modified web server with a database engine and programming interface constructed using Adobe software and various programming scripts. RESULTS: OncoRx is an oncology-specific database whose structure is designed around chemotherapy regimens and generic drug names used in anticancer treatment. OncoRx currently comprises of 117 ACDs and 256 single-agent and combination chemotherapy regimens. It covers all the major classes of ACDs and their frequently prescribed chemotherapy regimens, and can detect up to over 2000 interactions with 24 antiepileptic drugs. Data provided to clinicians include pharmacokinetic parameters of the drugs, information regarding the chemotherapy regimens and the detected DDIs. CONCLUSION: OncoRx is able to identify DDIs between ACDs and adjuvant drug therapy. This is the first database of its kind to be able to detect interactions for combination chemotherapy regimens. This tool will assist clinicians in improving clinical response and reducing adverse effects based on the therapeutic and toxicity profiles of the drugs.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Bases de Datos Factuales , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Informática/instrumentación , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapéutico , Bases de Datos Factuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Interacciones Farmacológicas/fisiología , HumanosRESUMEN
The authors describe an evolving outcomes project implemented across the adult inpatient programs at The Menninger Clinic. In the inpatient phase of the project, patients complete a computerized battery of standardized scales at admission, at biweekly intervals throughout treatment, and at discharge. In addition to providing aggregate data for outcomes research, these assessments are incorporated into routine clinical care, with results of each individual assessment provided to the treatment team and to the patient. The inpatient phase of the project employs Web-based software in preparation for a forthcoming follow-up phase in which patients will continue after discharge to complete assessments on the same computer platform. This article begins with a brief overview of related research at the Clinic to place the current project in local historical context. Then the authors describe the assessment instruments, the ways in which the assessments are integrated into clinical care, plans for follow-up assessments, the central role of information technology in the development and implementation of the project, the primary research questions, and some of the major challenges in implementing the project. The article concludes with a discussion of the ways in which the project can serve as a platform for a broad future research agenda.
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Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud/métodos , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/rehabilitación , Servicios de Salud Mental/organización & administración , Psiquiatría/métodos , Proyectos de Investigación , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Informática/instrumentación , Ciencia del Laboratorio Clínico , Apoyo Social , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
This article describes a new procedure for generating and transmitting a message--a sequence of optical pulses--by aligning a mask (an opaque sheet containing transparent "windows") below a microfluidic channel in which flows an opaque continuous fluid containing transparent droplets. The optical mask encodes the message as a unique sequence of windows that can transmit or block light; the flow of transparent droplets in the channel converts this message into a sequence of optical pulses. The properties of the windows on the mask (e.g., their size, wavelength of transmittance, orientation of polarization) determine the information carried in these optical pulses (e.g., intensity, color, polarization). The structure of a transmitted signal depends on the number and spacing of droplets in the channel. Fourier transformation can deconvolve superimposed signals created by the flow of multiple droplets into the message that a single droplet would transmit. The research described in this contribution explores a new field at the intersection of chemistry, materials science, and information technology: infochemistry.
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Química/instrumentación , Informática/instrumentación , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/métodos , Fenómenos Ópticos , Química/métodos , Informática/métodos , Luz , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
This paper briefly introduces the history, definitions of some important words, working process, key concepts, connectathon testing, implementation of IHE, which can be regarded as an entry guide of IHE.
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Informática/métodos , Integración de Sistemas , Informática/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
In this article, 2 IHE integration profiles-RID integration profile and XDS integration profile, which are adopted widely in the applications of healthcare information exchange, are introduced and compared with each other in applicable occasions. In addition, their current developing status and prospects are give from the technical view.
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Informática/instrumentación , Informática/métodos , Integración de SistemasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe the degree of introduction of new technologies in the medication use process in pharmacy services in Spain. METHOD: A descriptive study via a survey into the degree of introduction of computer systems for: management, computerized physician order entry (CPOE), automated unit dose drug dispensing, preparation of parenteral nutrition solutions, recording drug administration, pharmaceutical care and foreseen improvements. The survey was sent by electronic mail to the heads of the pharmacy services of 207 hospitals throughout Spain. RESULTS: Response index: 82 hospitals (38.6%). 29 hospitals (36.7%) have a modular management system, 24 (30.4%) an integrated one and 34 (44.9%) a modular-integrated one. CPOE is utilised in 17 (22.4%). According to the size of the hospital, between 17.9 and 26.7% of unit dose dispensing is done online with a management software; between 5.1 and 33.3% of unit dose dispensing is automated. Automation of unit dose dispensing centred in the pharmacy service varies between 10 and 33.3%. Between 13.2 and 35.7% of automated in-ward dispensing systems are utilised. Administration records are kept manually on a computerised sheet at 23 (31.5%) of the hospitals; at 4 (5.4%) on CPOE and 7 (9.5%) online on the integral management programme and 4 (5.4%) on specific nursing softwares. Sixty-three per cent foresee the implementation of improvements in the short to medium term. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of new technologies is being developed in Spain aiming to improve the safety and management of drugs, and there is a trend towards increasing their deployment in the near future. It is hoped that their fomentation could help to bring about process reengineering within pharmacy services in order to increase the time available for devotion to pharmaceutical care.
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Informática/instrumentación , Servicio de Farmacia en Hospital/organización & administración , Tecnología Farmacéutica/organización & administración , Prescripciones de Medicamentos , Humanos , EspañaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is a need for methods to (1) track cells continuously to generate lineage trees; (2) culture cells in in vivo-like microenvironments; and (3) measure many biological parameters simultaneously and noninvasively. Herein, we present a novel imaging culture chamber that facilitates "lineage informatics," a lineage-centric approach to cytomics. METHODS: We cultured cells in a confined monolayer using a novel "gap chamber" that produces images with confocal-like qualities using standard DIC microscopy. Lineage and other cytometric data were semiautomatically extracted from image sets of neural stem and progenitor cells and analyzed using lineage informatics. RESULTS: Cells imaged in the chamber every 3 min could be tracked for at least 6 generations allowing for the construction of extensive lineage trees with multiparameter data sets at hundreds of time points for each cell. The lineage informatics approach reveals relationships between lineage, phenotype, and microenvironment. Mass transfer characteristics and 3D geometry make the chamber more in vivo-like than traditional culture systems. CONCLUSIONS: The gap chamber allows cells to be cultured, imaged, and tracked in true monolayers permitting detailed informatics analysis of cell lineage, phenotype, and fate determinants. The chamber is biomimetic and straightforward to build and use, and should find many applications in long-term cell imaging.
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Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula/métodos , Linaje de la Célula , Informática/métodos , Animales , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula/instrumentación , Diferenciación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Medio de Cultivo Libre de Suero , Informática/instrumentación , Masculino , Ratones , Células Madre/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Firstly the fundamental concept and research hotspots of Brain-Neural Function Informatics (BNFI) are described. Then the main study fields and progresses of BNFI are expounded. Finally the prospects of BNFI research are given. Studies on BNFI not only promote the "Brain Science" progress, but also boost the industry of a new kind of medical instruments - function rehabilitation equipment and artificial functional prostheses.