RESUMEN
Digital dermatitis (DD) lesions in cattle are characterized by the presence of multiple Treponema species. Current culture media for isolating treponemes generally uses serum supplementation from different animals to target particular Treponema sp.; however, their suitability for DD Treponema isolation has not been fully determined. We studied the effect of culture media (OTEB, NOS and TYGV) and serum supplementation on mixed Treponema spp. dynamics. Bacterial growth was evaluated by direct microscopic count, optical density, wet weight and a species-specific qPCR and the correlations between these independent methods were calculated. Wet weight, optical density and bacterial count correlated best with each other. Different Treponema species performed differently under the tested culture media. T. phagedenis growth was enhanced in OTEB media supplemented with bovine fetal serum (BFS) or horse serum (HS). T. medium had lower generation time when culture media were supplemented with rabbit serum (RS). Lowest generation time for T. pedis and T. denticola were obtained in NOS media supplemented with HS and OTEB media supplemented with BFS, respectively. Detection of cystic forms observed after 5 days of culture did not differ among the culture media. Correlation between different Treponema spp. growth quantification techniques indicated that alternative quantification methods such as qPCR and wet weight could be used depending on the purpose. We conclude that effects of culture media and serum supplementation on mixed Treponema spp. communities should be taken into account when isolating a specific Treponema species.
Asunto(s)
Medios de Cultivo , Dermatitis Digital/microbiología , Treponema/crecimiento & desarrollo , Treponema/genética , Infecciones por Treponema/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Treponema/fisiopatología , Animales , Bovinos , Variación Genética , GenotipoRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Sífilis/diagnóstico por imagen , Dolor Abdominal , Neurosífilis/complicaciones , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Sífilis/epidemiología , Infecciones por Treponema/fisiopatología , Chile , Tomografía Computarizada Espiral/métodos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Cerebro/diagnóstico por imagen , Cerebro/microbiología , Neurosífilis/tratamiento farmacológico , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMEN
AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of Treponema denticola in primary and secondary root-infected canal systems with periapical pathology and correlations with clinical signs and symptoms. METHODOLOGY: Endodontic samples were obtained from canals of 102 teeth: 79 had primary endodontic disease and 23 secondary endodontic disease. For each tooth, clinical data including symptoms and X-ray appearance were examined. The presence of T. denticola biological samples from the root canal space was detected by a PCR assay. RESULTS: T. denticola was detected in 24 out of the 79 teeth with primary infection and in 8 out of the 23 teeth with secondary infection. Teeth with specific clinical symptoms were frequently associated with T. denticola presence inside the root canal system. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of T. denticola in root canal system in association with specific clinical signs and symptoms of endodontic disease strongly suggests that this spirochete might play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the acute infection and rapid bone tissue alterations in both primary and secondary endodontic infections.
Asunto(s)
Cavidad Pulpar/microbiología , Periodontitis Periapical/fisiopatología , Treponema denticola/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Treponema/fisiopatología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Periodontitis Periapical/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Treponema denticola/genética , Infecciones por Treponema/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Oral treponemes are members of the spirochete family of bacteria associated with periodontal diseases. In the present study, we demonstrate that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC) contributed to the invasion of Treponema medium, a medium-sized oral Treponema, into those cells. The quantity of T. medium in HGEC was found to peak at 2 h after inoculation and then decreased gradually. Immunofluorescence microscopy findings showed that the bacteria were colocalized with ICAM-1 on HGEC. Furthermore, knockdown of ICAM-1 in HGEC resulted in inhibition of T. medium invasion by RNA interference, whereas that of Toll-like receptor 2 did not. These results suggest that ICAM-1 may be required for the invasion of T. medium into HGEC, and they indicate that the molecule plays a principal role in the primary stages of the development and progression of chronic periodontitis.
Asunto(s)
Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Encía/patología , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Intercelular/fisiología , Treponema/patogenicidad , Línea Celular , Medios de Cultivo , Células Epiteliales/química , Células Epiteliales/microbiología , Encía/microbiología , Humanos , Periodontitis/microbiología , Interferencia de ARN , Treponema/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Treponema/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Treponemal diseases comprise venereal syphilis (Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum) and the endemic (non-venereal) treponematoses, i.e. yaws (T. pallidum subsp. pertenue), endemic syphilis (T. pallidum subsp. endemicum) and pinta (T. carateum). Treponemal diseases are distinguished on the basis of epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations. They are at present indistinguishable by morphological, immunological or serological methods. Several minor genetic differences have been identified among the subspecies. The endemic treponematoses have not yet been eliminated and are currently thought to affect at least 2.5 million persons. Renewed action towards the elimination of these diseases should be undertaken.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Endémicas , Infecciones por Treponema/epidemiología , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Pinta (Dermatosis)/epidemiología , Pinta (Dermatosis)/fisiopatología , Pinta (Dermatosis)/prevención & control , Sífilis/epidemiología , Sífilis/fisiopatología , Sífilis/prevención & control , Infecciones por Treponema/historia , Infecciones por Treponema/fisiopatología , Infecciones por Treponema/prevención & control , Buba/epidemiología , Buba/fisiopatología , Buba/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Among periodontal anaerobic pathogens, the oral spirochetes, and especially Treponema denticola, have been associated with periodontal diseases such as early-onset periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and acute pericoronitis. Basic research as well as clinical evidence suggest that the prevalence of T denticola, together with other proteolytic gram-negative bacteria in high numbers in periodontal pockets, may play an important role in the progression of periodontal disease. The accumulation of these bacteria and their products in the pocket may render the surface lining periodontal cells highly susceptible to lysis and damage. T. denticola has been shown to adhere to fibroblasts and epithelial cells, as well as to extracellular matrix components present in periodontal tissues, and to produce several deleterious factors that may contribute to the virulence of the bacteria. These bacterial components include outer-sheath-associated peptidases, chymotrypsin-like and trypsin-like proteinases, hemolytic and hemagglutinating activities, adhesins that bind to matrix proteins and cells, and an outer-sheath protein with pore-forming properties. The effects of T. denticola whole cells and their products on a variety of host mucosal and immunological cells has been studied extensively (Fig. 1). The clinical data regarding the presence of T. denticola in periodontal health and disease, together with the basic research results involving the role of T. denticola factors and products in relation to periodontal diseases, are reviewed and discussed in this article.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Periodontales/microbiología , Treponema/fisiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Adhesinas Bacterianas/fisiología , Periodontitis Agresiva/microbiología , Animales , Adhesión Bacteriana , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/fisiología , Quimotripsina/fisiología , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Células Epiteliales/microbiología , Eritrocitos/microbiología , Matriz Extracelular/microbiología , Fibroblastos/microbiología , Gingivitis Ulcerosa Necrotizante/microbiología , Hemaglutininas/fisiología , Proteínas Hemolisinas/fisiología , Humanos , Linfocitos/microbiología , Neutrófilos/microbiología , Péptido Hidrolasas/fisiología , Pericoronitis/microbiología , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiología , Treponema/clasificación , Treponema/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Treponema/fisiopatología , Tripsina/fisiología , VirulenciaAsunto(s)
Enfermedades Cutáneas Bacterianas/fisiopatología , Infecciones por Treponema/fisiopatología , Adolescente , Niño , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Enfermedades Endémicas , Humanos , Penicilina G Benzatina/uso terapéutico , Penicilinas/uso terapéutico , Pinta (Dermatosis)/tratamiento farmacológico , Pinta (Dermatosis)/fisiopatología , Pinta (Dermatosis)/transmisión , Pruebas Serológicas , Enfermedades Cutáneas Bacterianas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Cutáneas Bacterianas/transmisión , Sífilis Cutánea/tratamiento farmacológico , Sífilis Cutánea/fisiopatología , Sífilis Cutánea/transmisión , Infecciones por Treponema/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Treponema/transmisión , Clima Tropical , Buba/tratamiento farmacológico , Buba/fisiopatología , Buba/transmisiónRESUMEN
Prolyl-phenylalanine-specific serine protease (dentilisin) is a major extracellular protease produced by Treponema denticola. The gene, prtP, coding for the protease was recently cloned and sequenced (K. Ishihara, T. Miura, H. K. Kuramitsu, and K. Okuda, Infect. Immun. 64:5178-5186, 1996). In order to determine the role of this protease in the physiology and virulence of T. denticola, a dentilisin-deficient mutant, K1, was constructed following electroporation with a prtP-inactivated DNA fragment. No chymotrypsin-like protease activity was detected in the dentilisin-deficient mutant. In addition, the high-molecular-mass oligomeric protein characteristic of the outer sheath of the organism decreased in the mutant. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of the mutant was decreased, and coaggregation of the mutant with Fusobacterium nucleatum was enhanced compared to that of the wild-type organism. The results obtained with a mouse abscess model system indicated that the virulence of the mutant was attenuated relative to that of the wild-type organism. These results suggest that dentilisin activity plays a major role in the structural organization of the outer sheath of T. denticola. The loss of dentilsin activity and the structural change in the outer sheath affect the pathogenicity of T. denticola.
Asunto(s)
Membrana Celular/ultraestructura , Quimotripsina/metabolismo , Treponema/fisiología , Animales , Proteínas Bacterianas , Membrana Celular/fisiología , Quimotripsina/genética , Quimotripsina/aislamiento & purificación , Clonación Molecular , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Escherichia coli/genética , Fusobacterium/genética , Immunoblotting , Ratones , Péptido Hidrolasas , Absceso Periodontal/microbiología , Absceso Periodontal/fisiopatología , Plásmidos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Porphyromonas gingivalis/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/biosíntesis , Proteínas Recombinantes/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Treponema/enzimología , Treponema/genética , Treponema/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Treponema/fisiopatología , VirulenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Asian domestic house-helpers in Saudi Arabia come from a different socioeconomic setting with a different disease pattern from that of their host country. This study reports the incidence of skin and treponemal diseases in this group seen at a referral hospital in northern Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The study was based on the analysis of the dermatologic and serologic examinations of 1520 domestic house-helpers during resident permit issue, and a retrospective study of clinical records of house-helpers with skin disorders. RESULTS: Routine examination revealed significant skin disease in 374 (24.6%) individuals, and the disease was transmissible in 126 (8.3%). Treponemal infection (5, 0.3%) and leprosy (1, 0.07%) were seen. Hand dermatitis and chicken pox were the most common causes of hospital attendance. Psychologic skin disorders included three cases of neurotic excoriations, two cases of delusion of parasitosis, and a case of dermatitis artefacta. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of transmissible skin diseases in Asian domestic house-helpers is low compared with that in their home countries. Excluding individuals with stigmata of atopic dermatitis from employment as house-helpers, adequate counselling will reduce the incidence of hand dermatitis and psychologic skin disorders. There is a need for continuous surveillance to prevent the introduction of skin diseases not normally seen in the native population.
Asunto(s)
Tareas del Hogar , Enfermedades Profesionales/etnología , Enfermedades de la Piel/etnología , Infecciones por Treponema/etnología , Adolescente , Adulto , Asia/etnología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Profesionales/fisiopatología , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Piel/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Piel/fisiopatología , Infecciones por Treponema/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Treponema/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
An acute outbreak of swine dysentery (Doyle) on a farrowing farm is described. Besides clinical signs of enteritis a general loss of condition was seen throughout the herd. This resulted in a decreased fertility and breeding performance among sows and an increase in piglet mortality. Several dehydrated sows aborted. The outbreak was stopped by oral treatment with lincomycin/spectinomycin 1:1. In the course of the treatment all animals and buildings were washed and disinfected. The use of pharmacotherapeutics in treating swine dysentery is discussed with emphasis on the involuntary induction of carriers.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Disentería/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/fisiopatología , Infecciones por Treponema/veterinaria , Animales , Quimioterapia Combinada , Disentería/tratamiento farmacológico , Disentería/fisiopatología , Femenino , Lincomicina/administración & dosificación , Países Bajos , Espectinomicina/administración & dosificación , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Treponema/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Treponema/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Net electrolyte and water transport and unidirectional Na+ fluxes were examined in ligated colonic loops of clinically normal pigs and in pigs with swine dysentery (etiologic agent Treponema hyodysenteriae) in the presence or absence of theophylline. In normal pigs, theophylline abolished net Na+ absorption via a reduction in the lumen-to-blood flux, decreased Cl- absorption, and increased HCO3- accumulation in the lumen. In infected pigs, all net ion transport was abolished, with the addition of theophylline producing little effect. The absence of net Na+ absorption in infected pigs was also the result of a decreased lumen-to-blood flux. Seemingly, colonic malabsorption may be the primary transport alteration in swine dysentery. Concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were measured in samples of colonic mucosa from normal and infected pigs after in vitro exposure to a Ringer's solution containing 0 or 20 mM theophylline. Basal values of cAMP or cGMP did not increase in infected colonic mucosa. There was a diminished capacity of the infected mucosa to respond to theophylline. Alterations in ion transport in conjunction with measurements of cAMP and cGMP indicated that the pathogenic mechanism(s) in swine dysentery were not similar to those of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, or Escherichia coli diarrhea.
Asunto(s)
Disentería/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/fisiopatología , Infecciones por Treponema/veterinaria , Animales , Transporte Biológico Activo/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/metabolismo , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , GMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Disentería/metabolismo , Disentería/fisiopatología , Electrólitos/metabolismo , Absorción Intestinal , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/metabolismo , Teofilina/farmacología , Infecciones por Treponema/metabolismo , Infecciones por Treponema/fisiopatología , Agua/metabolismoRESUMEN
An in vivo animal model was used to assess the enteropathogenicity of the etiological agent (Treponema hyodysenteriae) of swine dysentery. Multiple ligated ileal loops, prepared in New Zealand white rabbits, were challenged with either pathogenic (B78 and B204) or nonpathogenic (Pu) isolates of the organism. The pathogenic isolates induced the onset of intestinal fluid accumulation as early as 4 h, with maximal fluid induction at 18 h postchallenge. Gross lesions of the intestinal mucosa, observed in ileal loops of rabbits sacrificed 24 h postchallenge, were characteristic of swine dysentery. Both pathogenic isolates colonized the epithelial surface and eroded the mucosal barrier, as determined by histological and scanning electron microscopic observations. Intestinal fluid accumulation and erosion of the mucosal barrier were not observed in ileal loops exposed to the nonpathogenic isolate (Pu) or to either of the nonviable pathogenic (B78 and B204) isolates. The ability of pathogenic isolates to initiate and produce infection in rabbit ligated ileal loops, which closely resembles the disease in swine, provides a system with which to study experimental swine dysentery.