RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare prevalences of intestinal helminths and waterborne protozoa in indigenous and settler populations in a remote area of Peru. These populations live in adjacent but segregated small urban villages. METHODS: Stool samples were collected from representative members of these two populations and analysed for geohelminths and protozoa. RESULTS: The risk of soil-transmitted helminths is significantly higher in the settler than the indigenous population in the same isolated region of Peru (OR 5.18; 95% CI 3.44-7.81; P < 0.001). In contrast, the rates of protozoa presence were similar in both populations (OR 1.28; 95% CI 0.77-2.14; P = 0.336). CONCLUSIONS: Potential explanations for unexpected finding of a lower prevalence of helminths in indigenous relative to the settler population could include housing design in flood - prone areas and the use of local medicinal plants that possibly have antihelmintic properties.
Asunto(s)
Helmintiasis/etnología , Helmintos/aislamiento & purificación , Indígenas Sudamericanos/etnología , Parasitosis Intestinales/etnología , Infecciones por Protozoos/etnología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Niño , Preescolar , Heces/parasitología , Femenino , Helmintiasis/parasitología , Humanos , Parasitosis Intestinales/parasitología , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Perú/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Infecciones por Protozoos/parasitología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Establishing the prevalence of intestinal parasitism in children aged 5 to 14 years of age from six indigenous communities residing in the city of Cali. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiological study was carried out in six indigenous communities residing in the city of Cali; it consisted of making a direct serial and concentration coproparasitological examination of a randomly selected sample of fifty-seven 5 to 14 year-old children. RESULTS: Of the 57 samples obtained, 84 % of the children were infected with parasites; protozoa (98 %) predominated over helminths (16.7 %) and mixed parasitemia was found in 14.6 % of the samples. Monoparasitism appeared in children over 10 years of age and biparasitism (10.4 %) and polyparasitism (52.1 %) in children under 10 years of age. Regarding occult blood determination, 6 % were observed to be positive in all the samples analysed; 4 % of these results were associated with E. histolyticaldispar. The simple parasitism index (SPI) reflected a high degree of infestation amongst the children included in the study. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of intestinal parasitism in indigenous infants was higher than that reported nationally in the overall adolescent and school-aged children population in the same age group. Mono- and polyparasitism prevailed in the positive samples. The infestation load was not randomly distributed amongst the communities.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Asintomáticas/epidemiología , Helmintiasis/etnología , Indígenas Sudamericanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Parasitosis Intestinales/etnología , Infecciones por Protozoos/etnología , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Colombia/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
Objective Establishing the prevalence of intestinal parasitism in children aged 5 to 14 years of age from six indigenous communities residing in the city of Cali. Methodology A cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiological study was carried out in six indigenous communities residing in the city of Cali; it consisted of making a direct serial and concentration coproparasitological examination of a randomly selected sample of fifty-seven 5 to 14 year-old children. Results Of the 57 samples obtained, 84 % of the children were infected with parasites; protozoa (98 %) predominated over helminths (16.7 %) and mixed parasitemia was found in 14.6 % of the samples. Monoparasitism appeared in children over 10 years of age and biparasitism (10.4 %) and polyparasitism (52.1 %) in children under 10 years of age. Regarding occult blood determination, 6 % were observed to be positive in all the samples analysed; 4 % of these results were associated with E. histolyticaldispar. The simple parasitism index (SPI) reflected a high degree of infestation amongst the children included in the study. Conclusions The prevalence of intestinal parasitism in indigenous infants was higher than that reported nationally in the overall adolescent and school-aged children population in the same age group. Mono- and polyparasitism prevailed in the positive samples. The infestation load was not randomly distributed amongst the communities.
Objetivo Establecer la prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal en menores de 5 a 14 años de seis comunidades indígenas residentes en la ciudad de Cali. Metodología Se llevó a cabo un estudio epidemiológico transversal en seis comunidades indígenas residentes en la ciudad de Cali, que consistió en realizar un examen seriado coproparasitológico a una muestra de menores entre 5 y 14 años elegida al azar. Resultados De las 57 muestras, un total de 84 % estaban infectados con parásitos; en los cuales predominaron los protozoarios (98 %) sobre los helmintos (16,7 %) y la presencia de enfermedades parasitarias intestinales mixtas fue del 14,6 %. El monoparasitismo se observe en los mayores de 10 años; en niños por debajo de los 10 años se observó el biparasitismo (10,4 %) y poliparasitismo (52,1 %). Con relación a la determinación de sangre oculta, un 6 % de las muestras fueron positivas, 4 % de esos resultados estaban asociados con E. histolyticaldispar. El índice de parasitismo simple refleja un alto grado de infestación en los menores incluidos en este estudio. Conclusiones La prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal en menores de ascendencia indígena es mayor a la reportada en el orden nacional en menores escolares y adolescentes. Sobresalieron el mono y poliparasitismo en las muestras positivas. La carga de infestación no se distribuyó al azar entre las comunidades.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Infecciones Asintomáticas/epidemiología , Helmintiasis/etnología , Indígenas Sudamericanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Parasitosis Intestinales/etnología , Infecciones por Protozoos/etnología , Colombia/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , PrevalenciaAsunto(s)
Eucariontes/aislamiento & purificación , Helmintiasis/parasitología , Helmintos/aislamiento & purificación , Indígenas Norteamericanos , Parasitosis Intestinales/parasitología , Infecciones por Protozoos/parasitología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Animales , Biodiversidad , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Helmintiasis/etnología , Humanos , Lactante , Parasitosis Intestinales/etnología , Masculino , Matrimonio , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pobreza , Prevalencia , Infecciones por Protozoos/etnología , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricosAsunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Eucariontes , Helmintiasis/parasitología , Helmintos/aislamiento & purificación , Indígenas Norteamericanos , Parasitosis Intestinales/parasitología , Infecciones por Protozoos/parasitología , Factores de Edad , Biodiversidad , Helmintiasis/etnología , Parasitosis Intestinales/etnología , Matrimonio , México/epidemiología , Pobreza , Prevalencia , Infecciones por Protozoos/etnología , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Yupkpa community in Perijá Sierra does not have drinking water or sewage elimination systems. Thus it becomes a propitious place for infection with intestinal parasites. AIM: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children, ages 0 to 14 years, in the Yukpa ethnic population of Toromo in the Perijá Mountains, Zulia State, Venezuela. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety one fecal samples were analyzed by the following coproparasitologic methods: saline solution and lugol fresh mount, formalin-ether concentration (Ritchie), and Kinyoun stain for intestinal coccidians. RESULTS: Overall parasite infection prevalence was 83.5%. The most frequently observed parasites were: Ascaris lumbricoides (57.1%), Trichuris trichiura (20.8%), Hymenolepis nana (14.2%), Blastocystis hominis (51.6%), Giardia lamblia (30.7%), and Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar complex (21.9%). Coccidians were nont observed in any of the stool samples. CONCLUSIONS: The large number of infected people is directly related to the hygienic and sanitary conditions of the population studied.
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Heces/parasitología , Helmintiasis/epidemiología , Indígenas Sudamericanos , Parasitosis Intestinales/epidemiología , Infecciones por Protozoos/epidemiología , Adolescente , Animales , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Helmintiasis/etnología , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Parasitosis Intestinales/etnología , Parasitosis Intestinales/parasitología , Masculino , Prevalencia , Infecciones por Protozoos/etnología , Factores Socioeconómicos , Venezuela/epidemiología , Venezuela/etnologíaRESUMEN
Background: Yupkpa community in Perijá Sierra does not have drinking water or sewage elimination systems. Thus it becomes a propitious place for infection with intestinal parasites. Aim: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children, ages 0 to 14 years, in the Yukpa ethnic population of Toromo in the Perijá Mountains, Zulia State, Venezuela. Material and Methods: Ninety one fecal samples were analyzed by the following coproparasitologic methods: saline solution and lugol fresh mount, formalin-ether concentration (Ritchie), and Kinyoun stain for intestinal coccidians. Results: Overall parasite infection prevalence was 83.5%. The most frequently observed parasites were: Ascaris lumbricoides (57.1%), Trichuris trichiura (20.8%), Hymenolepis nana (14.2%), Blastocystis hominis (51.6%), Giardia lamblia (30.7%), and Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar complex (21.9%). Coccidians were nont observed in any of the stool samples. Conclusions: The large number of infected people is directly related to the hygienic and sanitary conditions of the population studied.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Animales , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Heces/parasitología , Helmintiasis/epidemiología , Indígenas Sudamericanos , Parasitosis Intestinales/epidemiología , Infecciones por Protozoos/epidemiología , Helmintiasis/etnología , Parasitosis Intestinales/etnología , Parasitosis Intestinales/parasitología , Prevalencia , Infecciones por Protozoos/etnología , Factores Socioeconómicos , Venezuela/epidemiología , Venezuela/etnologíaRESUMEN
In Costa Rica there were three national surveys of intestinal parasitism (1966, 1982, and 1996) that showed dramatic reduction of the prevalence of Trichuris, Ascaris, and Necator/Ancylostoma (hookworms); however, these nematodes persist with high prevalence in low socio-economically groups, as the squatter settlements around the cities; however, it is possible that pour Amerindian communities with substandard housing condition also suffer the burden of intestinal parasites. For this reason, the present study was planted in a rural disperse Amerindian community from the South of Costa Rica. 45 fecal samples were collected from children under 15 years old, and were processed according a modification of the Baermann method, which also permits the observation of other parasites beyond Strongyloides. 38 (84 percent) of the analyzed samples were positive for at least one parasite. The prevalence for nematodes was Ascaris (36 percent), hookworms (22 percent) Enterobius (4 percent), and Trichuris (2 percent). For protozoa was Endolimax nana (33 percent), Entamoeba coli (27 percent), and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (11 percent). These data are the reflect of the inadequate sanitation conditions of this community.
In Costa Rica there were three national surveys of intestinal parasitism (1966, 1982, and 1996) that showed dramatic reduction of the prevalence of Trichuris, Ascaris, and Necator/Ancylostoma (hookworms); however, these nematodes persist with high prevalence in low socio-economically groups, as the squatter settlements around the cities; however, it is possible that pour Amerindian communities with substandard housing condition also suffer the burden of intestinal parasites. For this reason, the present study was planted in a rural disperse Amerindian community from the South of Costa Rica. 45 fecal samples were collected from children under 15 years old, and were processed according a modification of the Baermann method, which also permits the observation of other parasites beyond Strongyloides. 38 (84%) of the analyzed samples were positive for at least one parasite. The prevalence for nematodes was Ascaris (36%), hookworms (22%) Enterobius (4%), and Trichuris (2%). For protozoa was Endolimax nana (33%), Entamoeba coli (27%), and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (11%). These data are the reflect of the inadequate sanitation conditions of this community.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Eucariontes , Helmintiasis/epidemiología , Helmintos/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Protozoos/epidemiología , Parasitosis Intestinales/epidemiología , Costa Rica/epidemiología , Heces/parasitología , Helmintiasis/etnología , Indígenas Centroamericanos , Infecciones por Protozoos/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Protozoos/etnología , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos , Prevalencia , Parasitosis Intestinales/diagnóstico , Parasitosis Intestinales/etnologíaRESUMEN
A stool survey was carried out in 5 villages in the Toledo district of the Central American country of Belize. Eighty-two percent of a total population of 672 participated. The stools were examined by the formalin-ethyl-acetate concentration technique. Sixty-six percent of the population was found to have one or more intestinal parasites. The most common infection was hookworm (55%) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (30%), Entamoeba coli (21%), Trichuris trichiura (19%), Giardia lamblia (12%), Iodamoeba beutschlii (9%), and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (6%). Other parasites found were Entamoeba hartmani, Strongyloides stercoralis, Endolimax nana, Isospora belli, and Chilomastix mesnili. Children were more often infected than adults and more females had hookworm infections. Sixty percent of 111 households surveyed had dirt floors, 43% were without toilets, 35% of the houses were overcrowded, and 10% obtained drinking water from streams. Cross-tabulation and logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk and protective factors associated with parasitoses. The risk factors were: being in the Mayan Ketchi population group, and abtaining housework and drinking water from streams. Protective factors were: drinking treated water and the wearing of shoes.