RESUMEN
This systematic review aims to determine whether the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) influences the immunohistochemical expression of programmed cell death-1 ligand (PD-L1) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression varies in OPSCC, and the presence of HPV is a plausible explanation for this variability. Comprehending these findings is crucial, as high PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment of OPSCC can help identify patient subgroups that could be suitable for immunotherapy. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines (CRD42023437800). An electronic literature search was performed without time or language restrictions. The search included PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, https://clinictrials.gov, and relevant journals. A meta-analysis was performed using RStudio. Fourteen studies involving 1,629 participants were included. The sample consisted predominantly of males (81.26%) with a mean age of 58.3 years. Concerning clinical and pathological characteristics, the most frequently described anatomical location was the tonsils (68.54%), and most participants were either current or former smokers (78%) and alcohol users (79%). Advanced TNM IV was the most common stage. Regarding histopathological characteristics, HPV 16 was the only type mentioned, and half of the cases were detected through immunohistochemistry. The SP142 clone (35.7%) and the pattern of membrane immunostaining in tumor cells (71%) were the most commonly employed methods. The most prevalent findings were positive expression of PD-L1 (64.28%) and negative HPV status (57.14%). The association between PD-L1 positivity and HPV positivity (78.57%) was confirmed by meta-analysis. The conclusion was that HPV-positive status has an impact on immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in OPSCC.
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Antígeno B7-H1 , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Inmunohistoquímica , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Humanos , Antígeno B7-H1/análisis , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/virología , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/patología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/patología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Masculino , Femenino , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , PapillomaviridaeRESUMEN
Cervical cancer screening in Brazil is opportunistic, based on cytology and offered for women aged 25-64 years, with low coverage (30%) and 70% of cancer diagnoses done in advanced stages, without impact on mortality. The current study reports 5-year first-round results of a population-based DNA-HPV testing screening program in a Brazilian city, which intended to be a model for transition to a more efficient program. Program flowchart is simple and current, indicating repetition of a negative test after five years. The first-round (October 2017-September 2022) screened 20,551 women by DNA-HPV testing with 58.7% coverage and 99.4% compliance with the program's targeted age range. Coverage increases to 77.8% when excluding the 'pandemic period'. The DNA-HPV testing was 87.2% negative with 6.2% colposcopy referrals and 84.8% colposcopies performed. A total of 258 high-grade precursor lesions and 29 cervical cancers (mean age = 41.4 years, 83% Stage I) were detected. As a reference, 41,387 cytology tests from the previous program (2012-2016) detected 36 cervical cancers (mean age = 52.0 years, p = 0.0005), with 67% in advanced stages (p < 0.0001). Organizing cervical cancer screening using DNA-HPV testing demonstrated good coverage, high age and colposcopy compliance, and detection of more precancerous lesions and cervical cancers 10 years in advance.
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Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Brasil/epidemiología , ADN Viral/genética , Colposcopía , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Prevalencia , AncianoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and association of HPV and Herpesviruses in saliva and tissue samples of patients with orofacial tumors. METHODS: Biopsies of tumors were done, and saliva samples were collected from patients with orofacial tumors for the determination of viruses using nested multiplex PCR. Independent variables were sex, age, comorbidities, tumor stage, and length of stay. Outcome variables were the presence or absence of herpesviruses and HPV. Descriptive summaries and inferential statistics were done. RESULTS: A hundred patients were included in the study. Prevalence of herpesviruses and HPV were 17.6 % and 57.0 % in tumors, and 48.3 % and 60.0 % in the saliva of patients respectively. Herpesviruses detected included EBV (21.3 %), HHV-7 (11.2 %), CMV (6.7 %), HSV-1 (5.1 %), HSV-2 (1.1 %), VZV (1.1 %), and Kaposi sarcoma virus (0.6 %). The most prevalent HPV genotypes were HPV-42 (29 %), HPV-43 (22.7 %), HPV-52 (22.2 %), HPV-39 (18.8 %), and HPV-18 (9.1 %). The odds of EBV being detected in malignant orofacial tumors were 2 times that of benign orofacial tumors. HPV DNA in the saliva of patients with orofacial tumors was 69.7 %, compared to 18.2 % of the control sample (p < 0.001). The median length of stay for all participants was 6.5 days, those associated with viruses stayed longer. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of Herpesviruses and HPV in saliva and tumor samples of patients with orofacial tumors, signalling some potential for more work to be done in this area.
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Herpesviridae , Papillomaviridae , Saliva , Humanos , Femenino , Saliva/virología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Herpesviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Herpesviridae/genética , Adulto , Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Papillomaviridae/genética , Anciano , Biopsia , Adulto Joven , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/epidemiología , Prevalencia , ADN Viral/análisis , Neoplasias de la Boca/virología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Multiplex , Virus del Papiloma HumanoRESUMEN
Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a prevalent sexually transmitted infection, comprises high-risk (HR-HPV) and low-risk (LR-HPV) viruses, the former posing a high risk for developing malignancies whereas the latter mainly for benign warts. Despite increasing awareness of HPV's impact on men's health, the influence of HR-HPV and LR-HPV urogenital infections on male fertility potential remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate whether male urogenital infection with HR- or LR-HPV associates with impaired sperm quality, oxidative stress, and inflammation. A total of 205 male patients attending an urology clinic were enrolled. Semen samples were analyzed for HPV using PCR and genotyped by RFLP. Semen quality was evaluated following WHO guidelines. Semen leukocytes, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and sperm viability were analyzed using flow cytometry. HPV was detected in 19% (39/205) of semen samples. HR-HPV infections were more prevalent, with HPV-16 being the most frequent genotype. Neither HR-HPV nor LR-HPV were associated with significant alterations in routine sperm quality parameters. However, HR-HPV+ individuals showed significantly higher levels of sperm necrosis and exhibited increased proportions of ROS+ spermatozoa compared to LR-HPV+ or control individuals. Furthermore, no significant semen inflammation was detected in patients infected with either HR-HPV or LR-HPV, and unexpectedly reduced semen leukocytes and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1ß) were observed in HR-HPV+ patients compared to controls. These observations underscore the importance of comprehensive HPV screening, including genotyping, in urology and fertility clinics to understand the progression of the infection, potential adverse effects on reproductive health, and the oncogenic risks involved.
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Papillomaviridae , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Análisis de Semen , Semen , Espermatozoides , Humanos , Masculino , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Adulto , Espermatozoides/virología , Semen/virología , Papillomaviridae/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Genotipo , Adulto Joven , Inflamación , Estrés Oxidativo , Genitales Masculinos/virología , Adolescente , Citocinas/metabolismoRESUMEN
The objective of study was to characterize HPV in vaginal samples from women being seen at the Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility at Weill Cornell Medicine before and following ovarian stimulation. A total of 29 women made samples available for analysis by viral metagenomics. Eighteen women were HPV-positive, six (33.3%) at their initial visit and 15 (83.3%) following hormone stimulation (p = 0.0059). Pairwise comparison of nucleotide sequences and phylogenetic analysis showed the classification sequences into two genera: Alphapapillomavirus and Gammapapillomavirus. Sequences were from 8 HPV types: HPV 51 (n = 2), HPV 68 (n = 1), HPV 83 (n = 9), HPV 84 (n = 2), HPV 121 (n = 6), HPV 175 (n = 1) and HPV 190 (n = 1). Additionally, C16b and C30 likely represent new types. In summary, multiple HPV types are present in the vagina of reproductive age women and are induced by hormone used to stimulate ovulation.
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Inducción de la Ovulación , Papillomaviridae , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Filogenia , Vagina , Humanos , Femenino , Vagina/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Adulto , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/clasificación , Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Viral/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Adulto Joven , Metagenómica , Genotipo , Virus del Papiloma HumanoRESUMEN
Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) cause considerable morbidity worldwide and, depending on the specific pathogen, may lead to serious complications in the female reproductive tract. Incarcerated women are particularly vulnerable to health problems with a disproportionate high rate of STIs, including infections with human papillomavirus (HPV). Methods: Here, cervical swab samples collected from 299 women (18 to 64 years) living in one of the women's prisons of São Paulo, Brazil were submitted for liquid-based cytology to determine the prevalence of precancerous lesions. Furthermore, direct detection of 30 genital HPV genotypes (18 high-risk and 12 low-risk types) and 11 additional STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, Haemophilus ducreyi, Mycoplasma genitalium and hominis, Treponema pallidum, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma parvum and urealyticum) were performed by molecular typing using two PCR-based DNA microarray systems, i.e., EUROArray HPV and EUROArray STI (EUROIMMUN), respectively. Results: The overall prevalence of cytological abnormalities was 5.8%, including five women with low-grade and five women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The overall prevalence of HPV was 62.2, and 87.1% of the HPV-positive women were infected with oncogenic high-risk (HR) HPV types. HPV types 16 (24.1%), 33 and 52 (both 10.4%) were the most frequently detected. The prevalence of the other STIs was 72.8%. Up to four different pathogens were found in the infected women, the most frequent being Ureaplasma parvum (45.3%), Mycoplasma hominis (36.2%) and Trichomonas vaginalis (24.8%). Conclusion: The high number of HR-HPV infections and other STIs described here highlights the fact that the Brazilian female prison population requires more attention in the country's health policies. The implementation of screening programs and treatment measures might contribute to a decrease in the incidence of STIs and cervical cancer in this vulnerable population. However, for such measures to be effective, further studies are needed to investigate the best practice to get more women to engage in in-prison prevention programs, e.g., through offering further sexual health education and self-sampling.
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Virus del Papiloma Humano , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Prisioneros , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Brasil/epidemiología , Cuello del Útero/patología , Cuello del Útero/microbiología , Cuello del Útero/virología , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Prevalencia , Prisioneros/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and their relationship with different grades of cytological lesions in female students of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the National University of Chimborazo. Material and Methods: The research had a quantitative and descriptive approach, with a comparative analysis of HPV genotypes and cytological lesions in students of the Faculty of Health Sciences. It is an experimental and field study, cross-sectional and retrospective, conducted from November 2023 to March 2024. Thirty students were selected by quota sampling, analyzing conventional cytology and data using SPSS 26. The results showed that 75.8% of the samples had Bethesda Negative results, whereas 24.2% had some degree of cytological lesion (ASC-US 13.7%, L-SIL 8.1%, H-SIL 1.6%, and ASC-H 0.8%). Genotyping showed the high prevalence of HPV, with HPV 18 and 33 being the most common high-risk genotypes. The most common low-risk indicators were HPV 43 and 42. Conclusions: The study confirmed the high prevalence of HPV among female university students and established a significant correlation between high-risk genotypes and the presence of more severe cytological lesions. These findings underscore the need for interventions aimed at prevention and early treatment of HPV, especially in high-risk populations.
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Genotipo , Papillomaviridae , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Estudiantes , Humanos , Femenino , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/patología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Universidades , Estudios Transversales , Adulto Joven , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Prevalencia , Adolescente , Frotis Vaginal , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/virología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/epidemiología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/patologíaRESUMEN
E6 and E7 oncogenes are pivotal in the carcinogenic transformation in HPV infections and efficient diagnostic methods can ensure the detection and differentiation of HPV genotype. This study describes the development and validation of an electrochemical, label-free genosensor coupled with a microfluidic system for detecting the E6 and E7 oncogenes in cervical scraping samples. The nanostructuring employed was based on a cysteine and graphene quantum dots layer that provides functional groups, surface area, and interesting electrochemical properties. Biorecognition tests with cervical scraping samples showed differentiation in the voltammetric response. Low-risk HPV exhibited a lower biorecognition response, reflected in ΔI% values of 82.33 % ± 0.29 for HPV06 and 80.65 % ± 0.68 for HPV11 at a dilution of 1:100. Meanwhile, high-risk, HPV16 and HPV18, demonstrated ΔI% values of 96.65 % ± 1.27 and 93 % ± 0.026, respectively, at the same dilution. Therefore, the biorecognition intensity followed the order: HPV16 >HPV18 >HPV06 >HPV11. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification of E6E7 microfluidic LOC-Genosensor was 26 fM, and 79.6 fM. Consequently, the E6E7 biosensor is a valuable alternative for clinical HPV diagnosis, capable of detecting the potential for oncogenic progression even in the early stages of infection.
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Técnicas Biosensibles , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Humanos , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/genética , Femenino , Límite de Detección , Proteínas E7 de Papillomavirus/genética , Cuello del Útero/virología , Grafito/química , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Técnicas Electroquímicas/métodos , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/métodos , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/instrumentación , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Dispositivos Laboratorio en un Chip , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
BPV-2 infection can cause bladder infections in cattle that, when associated with bracken fern consumption, can progress to cancerous bladder tumors and also present as bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH). This study aimed to evaluate the prolonged natural BPV-2 infection in the blood and urine of cattle, excluding bracken fern consumption. Thirteen Girolando papillomatosis-affected cattle with no bracken fern contact history were monitored for 20 months. Blood, urine, and wart samples were collected for BPV-2 detection and clinical laboratory analyses. All animals showed the presence of BPV-2 in papillomas and blood, and 92.85% showed BPV-2 in urine, suggesting viral dissemination in the urinary tract. Despite all animals being infected with BPV-2, none showed BEH signs during the study. Thus, it was observed that BPV-2 infection alone didn't induce BEH over 20 months, implying a complex interaction with environmental factors or genetic predisposition. This underlines bracken fern consumption's critical role in urinary bladder carcinogenesis. The study underscores BEH's pathogenesis complexity, advocating longitudinal studies to comprehend BPV-2's role fully.
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Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Papiloma , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/orina , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/sangre , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/orina , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/sangre , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Papiloma/veterinaria , Papiloma/virología , Papiloma/orina , Papiloma/sangre , Femenino , Masculino , Pteridium , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/veterinaria , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/orina , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/sangreRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Genetic variants may influence Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in the immune response to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and lead to cervical cancer. In this study, we investigated the pattern of TLR expression in the transcriptome of HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical cancer samples and looked for variants potentially related to TLR gene alterations in exomes from different populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cervical tissue sample from 28 women, which was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, was used to examine TLR gene expression. Subsequently, the transcripts related to the TLRs that showed significant gene expression were queried in the Genome Aggregation Database to search for variants in more than 5,728 exomes from different ethnicities. RESULTS: Cancer and HPV were found to be associated (p<0.0001). TLR1(p = 0.001), TLR3(p = 0.004), TLR4(221060_s_at)(p = 0.001), TLR7(p = 0.001;p = 0.047), TLR8(p = 0.002) and TLR10(p = 0.008) were negatively regulated, while TLR4(1552798_at)(p<0.0001) and TLR6(p = 0.019) were positively regulated in HPV-positive patients (p<0.05). The clinical significance of the variants was statistically significant for TLR1, TLR3, TLR6 and TLR8 in association with ethnicity. Genetic variants in different TLRs have been found in various ethnic populations. Variants of the TLR gene were of the following types: TLR1(5_prime_UTR), TLR4(start_lost), TLR8(synonymous;missense) and TLR10(3_prime_UTR). The "missense" variant was found to have a risk of its clinical significance being pathogenic in South Asian populations (OR = 56,820[95%CI:40,206,80,299]). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the variants found in the transcriptomes of different populations may lead to impairment of the functional aspect of TLRs that show significant gene expression in cervical cancer samples caused by HPV.
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Biología Computacional , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Receptores Toll-Like , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/genética , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Receptores Toll-Like/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Biología Computacional/métodos , Adulto , Papillomaviridae/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Virus del Papiloma HumanoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Oral focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) is an uncommon infection affecting humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and howler monkeys. This study describes 10 cases of free-ranging brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) diagnosed with FEH and Alouatta guariba Papillomavirus 1 (AgPV 1). METHODS: We analyzed demographic characteristics, rescue conditions, clinical and pathological findings, and species-specific behavior factors in these cases. The study assessed the frequency of occurrence and potential contributing factors of FEH and AgPV 1 infection. RESULTS: The frequency of FEH was 8.13%. Most affected howlers were adult or geriatric males with comorbidities or stressful conditions. Clinical and pathological observations were consistent with AgPV 1 infection. Species-specific behaviors and environmental stressors were identified as contributing factors. CONCLUSIONS: FEH associated with AgPV 1 affected mainly adult or geriatric males with ongoing comorbidities or stressful conditions. Further research is needed to understand these factors for effective management.
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Alouatta , Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal , Enfermedades de los Monos , Animales , Alouatta/virología , Masculino , Enfermedades de los Monos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Monos/virología , Enfermedades de los Monos/patología , Femenino , Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal/epidemiología , Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal/virología , Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal/veterinaria , Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal/patología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause most cases of cervical cancer, a disease with an increasing impact worldwide. Recent studies have shown that the synthesis of viral oncoproteins is strongly subject to translational control. Thus, targeting the protein synthesis machinery might open novel avenues to develop innovative therapies aiming to improve patients' survival.
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Papillomaviridae , Biosíntesis de Proteínas , ARN Mensajero , Humanos , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/metabolismo , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , ARN Viral/genética , ARN Viral/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/genética , Regulación Viral de la Expresión Génica , FemeninoRESUMEN
Congenital epidermodysplasia verruciformis (CEV) is a Genodermatosis linked to different inheritance patterns and mutations of the EVER1/TMC6 and EVER2/TMC8 genes. There is an acquired form (AEV) associated with immunodeficiency states, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; however, the literature about AEV is limited and imprecise, so a systematic review was performed. A search of the main databases from 1975 to 2021 identified 126 studies, of which 80 met the inclusion criteria. The diagnosis of AEV is complex due to atypical manifestations and locations, it requires a mean follow-up of 7 years, and the lesions do not change with ART therapy, CD4 count, or viral load. Histopathological findings are variable depending on the location of the lesions. HPV 5 remains the serotype most frequently associated with AEV and CEV, although HPV 20 is more frequent than HPV 8 in AEV. Most treatments have low efficacy, the most described are glycolic acid 15%, 5-fluorouracil 5%, imiquimod 5%, and topical retinoids all of them in monotherapy or combined with cryotherapy. Other alternatives include topical cidofovir and systemic retinoids with variable results. The oncologic prognosis is still inconclusive; however, the development of squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma are frankly lower concerning CEV. This review opens new opportunities for future research. Additionally, we provide clear and useful key points for the practice of dermatologists and all professionals treating HIV patients around the world.
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Epidermodisplasia Verruciforme , Infecciones por VIH , Humanos , Epidermodisplasia Verruciforme/diagnóstico , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Imiquimod/uso terapéutico , Imiquimod/administración & dosificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Retinoides/uso terapéutico , Crioterapia , Proteínas de la MembranaRESUMEN
This study aimed to describe the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types in the anal canal in a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) with a history of malignancy. SETTING: Referral tertiary care hospital for adult patients with cancer. METHODS: We reviewed data of patients from the AIDS Cancer Clinic on antiretroviral therapy in chronic control who were consecutively referred for high-resolution anoscopy (HRA), where they underwent anal evaluation, collection of specimens for anal cytology and anal human papillomavirus (HPV) followed by HRA with directed biopsy if needed. RESULTS: A total of 155 patients were included; 149 (96.1%) were men, all of them men who have sex with men (MSM); the median age was 39 (IQR 32-47) years; 105 (67.7%) with Kaposi sarcoma, 40 (25.8%) with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 10 (6.4%) with other neoplasms; only 7 (4.5%) had active cancer. The prevalence of HR-HPV infection was 89% (n=138) (95% CI 83-93) with at least one HR-HPV infection, and 62% (96) had coinfection with at least two types; the median HR-HPV types of coinfection were 3 (IQR 2-4). The number of patients infected with HPV 16 was 64 (41.3%, 95% CI 33.8-49.3), HPV 18 was 74 (47.7%, 95% CI 39.9-55.7) and with both 35 (22.6%). Some 59 patients (38%) had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and 49 (31.6%) had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). The prevalence of HR-HPV and HSIL among patients aged ≤35 and >35 years was the same. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of PLWHIV with a history of malignancy we found a high prevalence of HR-HPV 16 and 18 and anal HSIL, even in persons aged ≤35 years. These data highlight the importance of anal cancer screening in PLWHIV and history of malignancy.
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Canal Anal , Neoplasias del Ano , Infecciones por VIH , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/virología , Femenino , Canal Anal/virología , Canal Anal/patología , Neoplasias del Ano/virología , Neoplasias del Ano/epidemiología , Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Papillomaviridae/genética , Homosexualidad Masculina/estadística & datos numéricos , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Virus del Papiloma HumanoRESUMEN
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC) comprise a particular cancer entity traditionally associated with better clinical outcomes. Around 25% of HNSCC are HPV positive, HPV16 being the most prevalent type. Nevertheless, close to 30% of the HPV-positive patients have an unfavorable prognosis, revealing that this type of tumor exhibits great heterogeneity leading to different clinical behaviors. Efforts have been made to identify RNA molecules with prognostic value associated with the clinical outcome of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC, with the aim of identifying patients at high risk of metastasis, disease recurrence, and poor survival, who would require closer clinical follow-up and timely intervention. Moreover, the molecular identification of those HPV-positive HNSCC patients with good prognosis will allow the implementation of de-escalating therapeutic strategies, aiming to reduce side effects, resulting in a better quality of life. This review compiles a series of recent studies addressing different methodological and conceptual approaches aimed at searching for potential gene expression-based biomarkers associated with the prognosis of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello , Humanos , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/virología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Pronóstico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/genética , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/virología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Papillomaviridae/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión GénicaRESUMEN
Breast cancer risk factors include lifestyle, genetic-hormonal influences, and viral infections. Human papillomavirus (HPV), known primarily as the etiological agent of cervical cancer, also appears active in breast carcinogenesis, as evidenced in our study of 56 patients from northeastern Brazil. We assessed the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, correlating them with various breast cancer tumor types. HPV detection involved amplifying the L1 region, with viral load measured using the E2/E6 ratio and viral activity indicated by E5 oncogene expression. Predominantly, patients over 56 years of age with healthy lifestyles showed a high incidence of invasive ductal carcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer. HPV was detected in 35.7% of cases, mostly HPV16, which is associated with high viral loads (80 copies per cell) and significant E5 expression. These results hint at a possible link between HPV and breast carcinogenesis, necessitating further studies to explore this association and the underlying viral mechanisms.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Neoplasias de la Mama/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Papillomaviridae , Carga ViralRESUMEN
This study was designed to investigate the expression of HPV16 L1-protein in biopsies of oral mucosa samples. The expression of HPV16 L1 protein was investigated in biopsies taken from oral mucosa from patients who required pathological diagnosis of oral lesions. Seventy-two samples were incubated with anti-L1 protein monoclonal antibodies and protein detection was revealed with diaminobenzidine. Expression of L1 protein was performed by a pathologist blinded for tissue diagnosis under light microscopy. Most of the lesions of oral mucosa were present in lining mucosa (75 %) and the most frequent lesion were mucocele (n = 17, 23.6 %), epithelial hyperplasia (n = 6, 8.33 %), fibroma (n = 5, 6.9 %) and inflammatory hyperplasia (n = 5, 6.9 %). L1 protein expression was observed only in five (6.9 %) samples (two squamous cell carcinomas, two epithelial hyperplasia, and one gingival hyperplasia). We concluded that L1 expression in oral biopsies presented a low frequency in oral mucosal biopsies samples.
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Proteínas de la Cápside , Mucosa Bucal , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Humanos , Biopsia , Femenino , Mucosa Bucal/virología , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Adulto , Masculino , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ecuador/epidemiología , Proteínas de la Cápside/genética , Proteínas de la Cápside/inmunología , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Anciano , Prevalencia , Enfermedades de la Boca/virología , Enfermedades de la Boca/patología , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Papillomavirus Humano 16/genética , Inmunohistoquímica , Neoplasias de la Boca/virología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy linked to high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which develops from precursor lesions like low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSILs). ASCC incidence varies across populations and poses increased risk for people living with HIV. Our investigation focused on transcriptomic and metatranscriptomic changes from squamous intraepithelial lesions to ASCC. Metatranscriptomic analysis highlighted specific bacterial species (e.g., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis) more prevalent in ASCC than precancerous lesions. These species correlated with gene-encoding enzymes (Acca, glyQ, eno, pgk, por) and oncoproteins (FadA, dnaK), presenting potential diagnostic or treatment markers. Unsupervised transcriptomic analysis identified distinct sample clusters reflecting histological diagnosis, immune infiltrate, HIV/HPV status, and pathway activities, recapitulating anal cancer progression's natural history. Our study unveiled molecular mechanisms in anal cancer progression, aiding in stratifying HGSIL cases based on low or high risk of progression to malignancy.
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Neoplasias del Ano , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Transcriptoma , Humanos , Neoplasias del Ano/genética , Neoplasias del Ano/inmunología , Neoplasias del Ano/patología , Neoplasias del Ano/virología , Neoplasias del Ano/microbiología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/inmunología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/microbiología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Microbiota/inmunología , Masculino , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/inmunología , Lesiones Intraepiteliales Escamosas/genética , Lesiones Intraepiteliales Escamosas/patología , Lesiones Intraepiteliales Escamosas/virología , Femenino , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/inmunologíaRESUMEN
We have been encouraging practicing gynecologists to adopt molecular diagnostics tests, PCR, and cancer biomarkers, as alternatives enabled by these platforms, to traditional Papanicolaou and colposcopy tests, respectively. An aliquot of liquid-based cytology was used for the molecular test [high-risk HPV types, (HR HPV)], another for the PAP test, and one more for p16/Ki67 dual-stain cytology. A total of 4499 laboratory samples were evaluated, and we found that 25.1% of low-grade samples and 47.9% of high-grade samples after PAP testing had a negative HR HPV-PCR result. In those cases, reported as Pap-negative, 22.1% had a positive HR HPV-PCR result. Dual staining with p16/Ki67 biomarkers in samples was positive for HR HPV, and 31.7% were also positive for these markers. Out of the PCR results that were positive for any of these HR HPV subtypes, n 68.3%, we did not find evidence for the presence of cancerous cells, highlighting the importance of performing dual staining with p16/Ki67 after PCR to avoid unnecessary colposcopies. The encountered challenges are a deep-rooted social reluctance in Mexico to abandon traditional Pap smears and the opinion of many specialists. Therefore, we still believe that colposcopy continues to be a preferred procedure over the dual-staining protocol.
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Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Humanos , Femenino , México , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Prueba de Papanicolaou/métodos , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidor p16 de la Quinasa Dependiente de Ciclina/genética , Inhibidor p16 de la Quinasa Dependiente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Frotis Vaginal , Colposcopía , Ginecología , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Antígeno Ki-67/análisis , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Práctica PrivadaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Patients with Human Papillomavirus (HPV+)-associated Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC) exhibit dramatically improved survival relative to those with HPV-Negative (HPV-) tumors. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the radiosensitivity of all available confirmed HPV+ and HPV-LSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Primary LSCC cells were generated from tumor specimens obtained from patients. Real-time PCR was performed to confirm HPV infection and the expression of HPV-related genes (E6 and E7), p53, and pRB. Clonogenic survival assays, western blotting, and flow cytometry were used to assess radiation sensitivity, apoptosis, and the expression of p53 and pRB. p53 and pRB knockout cells were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. RESULTS: HPV+ LSCC cells displayed enhanced radiation sensitivity compared to HPV- cells. Radiation-induced apoptosis in HPV+ LSCC cells, accompanied by increased levels of p53 and pRB. Knockout of p53 or pRB led to radiation resistance and attenuated radiation-induced apoptosis in HPV+ LSCC cells. In vivo experiments showed similar results, where knockout of p53 or pRB decreased radiosensitivity in tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSION: The present findings demonstrated that HPV+ LSCC cells displayed obvious inherent radiation sensitivity, corresponding to increased apoptosis following radiation exposure. Mechanism study showed that the expression of p53 and pRB in HPV+ cells are required for radiation sensitivity. These findings highlight a novel mechanism by which p53 and pRB play key roles in the radiation sensitivity of HPV+ LSCC compared to HPV-LSCC.