RESUMEN
The objective of this study was to categorise diseases associated with FeLV infection in cats. A total of 154 cats were submitted to necropsy, histopathology exam and anti-FeLV immunohistochemistry (IHC), and 83 (50.9â¯%) were IHC FeLV-positive. The cats age means of 4.1 years, including 3.6â¯% kittens, 34.9â¯% junior, 37.4â¯% prime, 18.1â¯% mature, 2.4â¯% senior, 3.6â¯% unknown age. Neoplastic diseases were most prevalent with leukaemia and lymphoma being most predominant, followed by viral diseases, bacterial, trauma, degenerative, intoxications, parasitic, malformation and others. FeLV+ cats were 5.73 times more likely to be diagnosed with neoplasms than other diseases. The odds ratio (OR) of FeLV+ cats developing leukaemia (OR = 7.75) and lymphoma (OR = 6.75) was higher than other neoplasms. FeLV infection was more prevalent in the mixed breed, junior to prime, male, with neoplastic diseases, including leukaemia and lymphoma. Therefore, understanding the diseases associated with FeLV is of paramount importance in Brazil due to its high prevalence, and it may encourage the implementation of prophylactic measures to reduce its dissemination.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos , Virus de la Leucemia Felina , Leucemia Felina , Gatos , Animales , Virus de la Leucemia Felina/aislamiento & purificación , Brasil/epidemiología , Masculino , Enfermedades de los Gatos/virología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Femenino , Prevalencia , Leucemia Felina/epidemiología , Leucemia Felina/virología , Linfoma/epidemiología , Linfoma/veterinaria , Linfoma/virología , Infecciones por Retroviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Retroviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Retroviridae/virología , Inmunohistoquímica , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Neoplasias/veterinaria , Neoplasias/virología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/veterinaria , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virologíaRESUMEN
JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is the causative agent for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in immunocompromised patients. More than 40% of healthy population excretes JCPyV particles in their urine. As JCPyV is ubiquitous in human, the definition of genotype distribution can help trace population migration. In this study, to define the frequency of JCPyV in southwest of Iran, urine samples of 161 volunteers including 80 healthy individuals and 81 HIV-infected patients were collected. PCR assays and sequence analysis were performed using JCPyV-specific primers designed against VP1 coding region. JCPyV DNA was detected in 65 out of 81 urine samples (80.2%) of HIV-infected, and in 43 out of 80 urine samples (53.8%) of healthy individuals (P = 0.001). The shedding of JCPyV among HIV-infected patients revealed an age-related pattern while such relationship was not observed in healthy individuals group. The most common genotype found in this region was genotype 3A (80.8%), followed by genotype 2D (11.5%), 4 (3.8%), and 7 (3.8%). The frequency of JCPyV in the urine of HIV-infected patients was found significantly higher than in the healthy individuals (P = 0.001).
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Virus JC/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Proteínas de la Cápside/genética , Niño , Preescolar , ADN Viral/orina , Femenino , Genotipo , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/virología , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Irán/epidemiología , Virus JC/genética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/orina , Esparcimiento de Virus , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Avian polyomavirus disease and psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) are both contagious viral diseases in psittacine birds with similar clinical manifestations and characterized by abnormal feathers. To determine the prevalence of Aves polyomavirus 1 (APyV) and beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) in captive, exotic psittacine birds in Chile, feathers from 250 psittacine birds, representing 17 genera, were collected and stored during the period 2013-2016. Polymerase chain reaction testing was used to detect APyV and BFDV were detected in feather bulb samples. The results indicated that 1.6% (4/250) of the samples were positive for APyV, 23.2% (58/250) were positive to BFDV, and 0.8% (2/250) were positive to both APyV and BFDV. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of APyV and BFDV prevalence in captive, exotic psittacine birds in South America. Analysis of 2 Chilean partial sequences of the gene encoding agnoprotein 1a (APyV) and the replication-associated protein (BFDV) extends the knowledge of genomic variability for both APyV and BFDV isolates and their spectrum of hosts. No geographical marker was detected for the local isolates.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Aves/virología , Infecciones por Circoviridae/veterinaria , Circovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Mascotas/virología , Poliomavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Psittaciformes , Animales , Enfermedades de las Aves/epidemiología , Chile/epidemiología , Infecciones por Circoviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Circoviridae/virología , Circovirus/genética , Filogenia , Poliomavirus/clasificación , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/virología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/veterinaria , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of human polyomavirus (BK and JC viruses) infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy blood donors. METHODS: The study included 250 healthy blood donors. Five-milliliter blood was drawn into sterile EDTA tubes and PBMCs were isolated from whole blood. The isolated PBMCs were counted and stored at -70°C for future investigation. DNA was extracted and subjected to simple, sensitive and specific semi-nested PCR as well as QPCR using both general and specific primers for different assays. RESULTS: Of 250 blood samples, 66 (26.4%) were positive for BKV DNA (146-34,514 copies/106 cells). JC DNA was found in 45 (18%) blood samples (65-21,250 copies/106 cells). Co-infection with these viruses were found in 11 (4.4%) out of 250 blood samples. DISCUSSION: Our study provides important data on polyomavirus infection in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes in immunocompetent individuals. These data indicate significant differences between the prevalence of BKV and JCV infection in healthy blood donors. The prevalence of BK and JC virus infection is higher in the age range 30-39 years compared to other age ranges.
Asunto(s)
Virus BK/aislamiento & purificación , Donantes de Sangre , Virus JC/aislamiento & purificación , Leucocitos Mononucleares/virología , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/virología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Virus BK/genética , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Humanos , Irán/epidemiología , Virus JC/genética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/sangre , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/sangre , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Carga Viral , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive primary cutaneous carcinoma with high mortality rates. The present study intends to delineate the epidemiological profile of patients with MCC seen at the Clinics Hospital of the Medical School at the University of São Paulo, Brazil, and its association with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). METHODS: This is a retrospective study. A search was performed in the hospital's medical index for all cases of MCC from January 1994 to December 2012. Among patients with MCC, the available tumoral skin specimens were analyzed with two different techniques of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (conventional and real-time) for detection of MCPyV DNA. Additionally, paraffin-embedded samples of patients with non-MCC skin cancers were also analyzed. Analyses suitable for categorical data (i.e., x² of Fisher) were used to compare the proportion of patients in each group. RESULTS: Nineteen patients with MCC and 20 patients with non-MCC skin cancers entered the study. All MCC samples available (13) tested positive for the presence of MCPyV DNA; however, in the non-MCC skin cancer samples, the MCPyV DNA was detected in 4 of 20 samples (20%). MCPyV DNA detection rate was higher in patients with MCC than in the other group, and its analysis was statistically significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the association of MCPyV in Brazilian patients with MCC. However, further studies are necessary to determine the exact involvement of MCPyV in MCC pathogenesis and to define the significance of viral DNA detection in non-MCC skin cancers.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células de Merkel/virología , Poliomavirus de Células de Merkel/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/virología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/virología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil/epidemiología , Carcinoma de Células de Merkel/epidemiología , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Poliomavirus de Células de Merkel/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores Sexuales , Piel/virología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of human polyomavirus (BK and JC viruses) infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy blood donors. Methods: The study included 250 healthy blood donors. Five-milliliter blood was drawn into sterile EDTA tubes and PBMCs were isolated from whole blood. The isolated PBMCs were counted and stored at −70 °C for future investigation. DNA was extracted and subjected to simple, sensitive and specific semi-nested PCR as well as QPCR using both general and specific primers for different assays. Results: Of 250 blood samples, 66 (26.4%) were positive for BKV DNA (146-34,514 copies/106 cells). JC DNA was found in 45 (18%) blood samples (65-21,250 copies/106 cells). Co-infection with these viruses were found in 11 (4.4%) out of 250 blood samples. Discussion: Our study provides important data on polyomavirus infection in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes in immunocompetent individuals. These data indicate significant differences between the prevalence of BKV and JCV infection in healthy blood donors. The prevalence of BK and JC virus infection is higher in the age range 30-39 years compared to other age ranges.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Donantes de Sangre , Leucocitos Mononucleares/virología , Virus BK/aislamiento & purificación , Virus JC/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/virología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/sangre , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Prevalencia , Distribución por Edad , Virus BK/genética , Virus JC/genética , Carga Viral , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/sangre , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/epidemiología , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Irán/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: BK polyomavirus (BKPyV)-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) is a consequence of BKPyV replication in the urinary tract in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to determine the prevalence of BKPyV replication and BKPyVAN, risk factors associated to sustained viremia and BKPyVAN, and viremia cut-off that best predict the occurrence of sustained viremia and nephropathy in KTR of a single University Hospital Kidney Transplant Center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All KTR undergoing transplantation from August 2010 to December 2011 were enrolled and monitored up to 2 years posttransplantation for BKPyV viruria by decoy cells shedding or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viremia by PCR. Kidney biopsy was indicated if sustained viremia (two or more viremia above 10 000 copies/mL) to confirm BKPyVAN diagnosis. RESULTS: In this study, 326 transplants were performed and 246 patients were included. Prevalence of viruria was 36.9%, viremia 22.3% and nephropathy 3.2%. Male gender was the only risk factor associated to sustained viremia or nephropathy. Cut-off value of viremia that best discriminates the progression to sustained viremia and to BKPyVAN was 37 488 and 44 956 copies/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of viruria, viremia, and nephropathy were similar to those reported in literature but the cut-off value of viremia that best discriminates the risk of progression to nephropathy was greater than the value usually reported, which is 10 000 copies/mL.
Asunto(s)
Virus BK/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades Renales/epidemiología , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Viremia/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Virus BK/fisiología , Biopsia , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Rechazo de Injerto/sangre , Rechazo de Injerto/epidemiología , Rechazo de Injerto/patología , Rechazo de Injerto/virología , Humanos , Terapia de Inmunosupresión/efectos adversos , Terapia de Inmunosupresión/métodos , Riñón/patología , Riñón/virología , Enfermedades Renales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Renales/patología , Enfermedades Renales/virología , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Selección de Paciente , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/patología , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/virología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Prevalencia , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/diagnóstico , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/patología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Viremia/epidemiología , Viremia/virología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although identifying cytological viral inclusions (decoy cells) in the urine is relatively easy, distinguishing between Polyomaviruses BKV and JCV is not possible. Few studies have been published regarding JCV detection in kidney transplant recipients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of BKV and JCV DNA in archival slides of urine cytospin material from renal transplant patients. METHODS: A total of 44 urine specimens were evaluated cytologically for the presence of viral inclusions (decoy cells) and by nested polymerase chain reaction to differentiate between JCV and BKV in DNA isolated from archival slides of urine cytospin material. RESULTS: Of the 44 urine specimen donors, 9 (20.5%) patients had at least 1 sample with alterations suggestive of or compatible with viral infection (decoy cells), and 3 had urine samples with cellular atypias/neoplasias. Additionally, 24/44 (54.5%) patients had PCR-positive DNA for Polyomavirus in at least 1 sample, including 11/44 who were positive for BKV (25%) and 16/44 who were positive for JCV (36.36%), with 3 (6.8%) patients showing viral coinfection. Regarding transplantation time, only JCV was statistically significant (P = .019) for periods longer than 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the potential use of archival slides of urine cytospin material to differentiate BKV and JCV and demonstrate the importance of improved JCV detection for later kidney transplant recipients.
Asunto(s)
Virus BK/aislamiento & purificación , Virus JC/aislamiento & purificación , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Virus BK/genética , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Virus JC/genética , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/orina , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/virología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/orina , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virologíaRESUMEN
BK virus (BKV) infection occurs during childhood and remains latent in the urinary tract. The virus is reactivated in immunosuppressed patients, particularly in those with cellular immunity deficiency, allowing its detection in urine and blood. Nephropathy caused by the virus in renal transplantation recipients may lead to graft failure. The purpose of this study is to know the prevalence of BKV variables in renal transplantation recipients and to evaluate their clinical evolution through molecular methods of "in house" development. Urine and peripheral blood samples from 66 renal transplantation recipients from the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, were systematically analyzed every 3 months as well as when there was graft dysfunction. Renal biopsies, which were included in the BKV detection study, were performed on those patients with graft dysfunction. Genotyping of 24 BKVs was performed, and the following distribution was found: 21 (87.5%) belonged to subtype I, 3 (12.5%) to subtype II. BKV belonging to subtypes III or IV were not found. As regards subtype I subgroups, the following were identified: 1 (4.76%) from Ia, 10 (47.61%) from Ib1 and 10 (47.61%) from Ib2. Presence of subgroup Ic was not shown. Viremia presented in 33.33% of cases, whereas 75% corresponded to subgroup Ib 1. Genotype Ib1 is prevailing in Southeast Asia, while Ib2 is prominent in Europe. Although an important proportion of the inhabitants of the province of Buenos Aires are European descendants, the prevailing genotype is Ib1, the Asian type. Genotyping might be related to the evolution of the disease in the recipient.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/virología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Adulto , Argentina , Virus BK/fisiología , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido/inmunología , Masculino , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/inmunología , Prevalencia , Receptores de Trasplantes , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/inmunología , Activación Viral/inmunologíaRESUMEN
To describe the epidemiology of BKV and to assess the presence of the African variant in bone marrow and kidney transplant patients who have suspected BKV reactivation. A descriptive study was conducted, using institutional records, at the Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali-Colombia. The overall prevalence of BKV during the study period was 51%. The African variant was identified in 49.4% of samples that were positive for BKV. 50.6% of the samples were found to have the wild strain of BKV. Among BKV positive patients, 57% were kidney transplant recipients and 43% were bone marrow transplant recipients. This is the first epidemiological study describing the African variant of BKV in Colombia.
Asunto(s)
Virus BK/aislamiento & purificación , Genotipo , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/epidemiología , Receptores de Trasplantes , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Virus BK/clasificación , Virus BK/genética , Trasplante de Médula Ósea , Colombia/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Trasplante de Riñón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/virología , Prevalencia , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BK virus-(BKV) associated nephropathy (BKVN) is a major cause of allograft injury in kidney transplant recipients. In such patients, subclinical reactivation of latent BKV infection can occur in the pre-transplant period. The purpose of this study was to determine whether urinary BKV shedding in the immediate pre-transplant period is associated with a higher incidence of viruria and viremia during the first year after kidney transplantation. We examined urine samples from 34 kidney transplant recipients, using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect BKV. Urine samples were obtained in the immediate pre-transplant period and during the first year after transplant on a monthly basis. If BKV viruria was detected, blood samples were collected and screened for BKV viremia. In the immediate pre-transplant period, we detected BKV viruria in 11 (32.3%) of the 34 recipients. During the first year after transplantation, we detected BKV viruria in all 34 patients and viremia in eight (23.5%). We found no correlation between pre-transplant viruria and post-transplant viruria or viremia (p = 0.2). Although reactivation of latent BKV infection in the pre-transplant period is fairly common among kidney transplant recipients, it is not a risk factor for post-transplant BKV viruria or viremia.
Asunto(s)
Virus BK/genética , ADN Viral/biosíntesis , ADN Viral/orina , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/metabolismo , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/metabolismo , Viremia/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Supervivencia de Injerto , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/virología , Estudios Prospectivos , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Factores de Riesgo , Receptores de Trasplantes , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Urinálisis , Viremia/epidemiología , Viremia/virología , Esparcimiento de Virus , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus with variable rates of infection globally. DNA was obtained from cats' peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and proviral DNA of pol and env genes was detected using PCR. Seventy-six percent of cats scored positive for FeLV using env-PCR; and 54 %, by pol-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of both regions identified sequences that correspond to a group that includes endogenous retroviruses. They form an independent branch and, therefore, a new group of endogenous viruses. Cat gender, age, outdoor access, and cohabitation with other cats were found to be significant risk factors associated with the disease. This strongly suggests that these FeLV genotypes are widely distributed in the studied feline population in Mexico.
Asunto(s)
Genotipo , Virus de la Leucemia Felina/genética , Infecciones por Retroviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/veterinaria , Animales , Gatos , ADN Viral/genética , Femenino , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Filogenia , Infecciones por Retroviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Retroviridae/virología , Factores de Riesgo , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virologíaRESUMEN
Cervico-uterine cancer screening with cytology decrease incidence by more than 50%. The cause of this cancer is the human papilloma virus high risk, and requires a sensitive test to provide sufficient sensitivity and specificity for early detection and greater interval period when the results are negative. The test of the human papilloma virus high risk, is effective and safe because of its excellent sensitivity, negative predictive value and optimal reproducibility, especially when combined with liquid-based cytology or biomarkers with viral load, with higher sensitivity and specificity, by reducing false positives for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or greater injury, with excellent clinical benefits to cervical cancer screening and related infection of human papilloma virus diseases, is currently the best test for early detection infection of human papillomavirus and the risk of carcinogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/prevención & control , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Sondas de ADN de HPV , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/tendencias , Femenino , Genes Virales , Genes p16 , Promoción de la Salud , Humanos , Incidencia , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/genética , Prueba de Papanicolaou , Papillomaviridae/clasificación , Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Papillomaviridae/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/prevención & control , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/diagnóstico , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Frotis Vaginal , Carga Viral , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/diagnóstico , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/epidemiología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/patología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/virologíaRESUMEN
Sylvilagus floridanus Papillomavirus (SfPV) causes growth of large horn-like tumors on rabbits. SfPV was described in cottontail rabbits (probably Sylvilagus floridanus) from Kansas and Iowa by Richard Shope in 1933, and detected in S. audubonii in 2011. It is known almost exclusively from the US Midwest. We explored the University of Kansas Natural History Museum for historical museum specimens infected with SfPV, using molecular techniques, to assess if additional wild species host SfPV, and whether SfPV occurs throughout the host range, or just in the Midwest. Secondary aims were to detect distinct strains, and evidence for strain spatio-temporal specificity. We found 20 of 1395 rabbits in the KU collection SfPV symptomatic. Three of 17 lagomorph species (S. nuttallii, and the two known hosts) were symptomatic, while Brachylagus, Lepus and eight additional Sylvilagus species were not. 13 symptomatic individuals were positive by molecular testing, including the first S. nuttallii detection. Prevalence of symptomatic individuals was significantly higher in Sylvilagus (1.8%) than Lepus. Half of these specimens came from Kansas, though new molecular detections were obtained from Jalisco-Mexico's first-and Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, and Texas, USA. We document the oldest lab-confirmed case (Kansas, 1915), pre-dating Shope's first case. SfPV amplification was possible from 63.2% of symptomatic museum specimens. Using multiple methodologies, rolling circle amplification and, multiple isothermal displacement amplification in addition to PCR, greatly improved detection rates. Short sequences were obtained from six individuals for two genes. L1 gene sequences were identical to all previously detected sequences; E7 gene sequences, were more variable, yielding five distinct SfPV1 strains that differing by less than 2% from strains circulating in the Midwest and Mexico, between 1915 and 2005. Our results do not clarify whether strains are host species specific, though they are consistent with SfPV specificity to genus Sylvilagus.
Asunto(s)
Papillomavirus del Conejo de Rabo Blanco/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/veterinaria , Conejos/virología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/veterinaria , Animales , Antígenos Virales/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Colorado/epidemiología , Papillomavirus del Conejo de Rabo Blanco/genética , Papillomavirus del Conejo de Rabo Blanco/patogenicidad , ADN Viral/genética , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Genes Virales , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Especificidad del Huésped , Kansas/epidemiología , México/epidemiología , Medio Oeste de Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Museos , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/historia , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Filogenia , Conejos/clasificación , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/historia , Neoplasias Cutáneas/virología , Especificidad de la Especie , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/historia , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/veterinaria , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Proteínas Estructurales Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) has been isolated from cattle with respiratory infections, vulvovaginitis, mastitis, abortions, endometritis and from apparently healthy animals throughout the world. Although it has not yet been established as causal agent of a specific disease entity, it is primarily associated with reproductive disorders of cattle. This virus can infect a wide range of species, either in vivo or in vitro. Two groups of prototype strains were originated from the first isolates: the DN599-type strains (American group) and the Movar-type strains (European group). In Argentina, BoHV-4 was isolated and characterized in 2007 from vaginal discharge samples taken from cows that had aborted. So far, more than 40 isolates, mainly associated with aborting bovine females have been registered in our country.
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Aborto Veterinario/virología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Herpesvirus Bovino 4/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/veterinaria , Aborto Veterinario/epidemiología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Apoptosis , Argentina/epidemiología , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Causalidad , Efecto Citopatogénico Viral , Endometrio/virología , Femenino , Genoma Viral , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Herpesvirus Bovino 4/clasificación , Herpesvirus Bovino 4/patogenicidad , Herpesvirus Bovino 4/fisiología , Especificidad del Huésped , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno , Trastornos Puerperales/veterinaria , Trastornos Puerperales/virología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/diagnóstico , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Tropismo Viral , Virulencia , Activación ViralRESUMEN
The human polyomaviruses JC (JCPyV) and BK (BKPyV) are widespread in the human population. Following the primary infection, virus reactivation may lead to nephropathy and graft rejection in renal transplant patients. This study was carried out to access the presence of BKPyV and JCPyV DNA in urine samples collected from renal transplant patients (n = 92) and healthy individuals (n = 88) in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. The samples were submitted to a nested PCR. A significantly higher frequency (P < 0.001) of BKPyV was found in renal transplant patients (65.2%) in comparison to the control group (32.9%). JCPyV was detected equally in both groups. Phylogenetic analysis of both BKPyV and JCPyV amplicons demonstrates the presence of the BKPyV subtypes I and II, whereas for JCPyV, four different groups are found (1, 2, 3, and 4).
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Virus BK/aislamiento & purificación , Virus JC/aislamiento & purificación , Trasplante de Riñón , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/virología , Receptores de Trasplantes , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Orina/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are two of the most common viruses affecting domestic cats (Felis catus). During the last two decades, reports show that both viruses also infect or affect other species of the family Felidae. Human landscape perturbation is one of the main causes of emerging diseases in wild animals, facilitating contact and transmission of pathogens between domestic and wild animals. We investigated FIV and FeLV infection in free-ranging guignas (Leopardus guigna) and sympatric domestic cats in human perturbed landscapes on Chiloé Island, Chile. Samples from 78 domestic cats and 15 guignas were collected from 2008 to 2010 and analyzed by PCR amplification and sequencing. Two guignas and two domestic cats were positive for FIV; three guignas and 26 domestic cats were positive for FeLV. The high percentage of nucleotide identity of FIV and FeLV sequences from both species suggests possible interspecies transmission of viruses, facilitated by increased contact probability through human invasion into natural habitats, fragmentation of guigna habitat, and poultry attacks by guignas. This study enhances our knowledge on the transmission of pathogens from domestic to wild animals in the global scenario of human landscape perturbation and emerging diseases.
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Felidae/virología , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina , Infecciones por Lentivirus/veterinaria , Virus de la Leucemia Felina , Infecciones por Retroviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/veterinaria , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/virología , Gatos , Chile/epidemiología , Actividades Humanas , Islas , Infecciones por Lentivirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Retroviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Retroviridae/virología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The worldwide seroprevalence of human BK polyomavirus (BKV) in adults is 80%. About 10%-60% of renal transplant recipients experience BKV infection, nephropathy of the graft may occur in 5% of the cases, and up to 45% lose the graft. The aim of this work was to describe the prevalence of BK viruria during the 1st year after transplantation. METHODS: An epidemiologic multicenter cross-sectional study was carried out in consecutive patients at each site with kidney transplantation from August 2011 to July 2012. Clinically significant viruria was defined as >10(7) copies/mL. Viral DNA was extracted with the use of silica columns. Quantification was performed with the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction with primers that amplify a fragment of the large T-antigen gene and with a specific Taqman-MGB probe for BKV. For each assay, a standard curve with a quantified plasmid was included. RESULTS: Of 402 renal transplant recipients at 18 renal transplant sites, we analyzed 382; median age was 46.33 years, and 46.40% were female. The median of the temporal distribution for urine samples was 153 days. BK virus was detected in 50/382 samples (13%), 18 with values >10(7) copies/mL (4.7%). The median of the distribution of positive values was 123 days and the highest frequency of positive values was in months 3-7. The conditions of recipient older than 34 years and donor older than 41 years were the only ones that showed statistically significant association with BK viruria. No association with any specific immunosuppressive drug was observed. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first multicenter study conducted in Argentina to determine the prevalence of BK viruria in renal transplant recipients. Because of the growing number of the population susceptible to this infection, it is important to register and describe data about its epidemiology and associated risk factors.
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Virus BK/aislamiento & purificación , Trasplante de Riñón , Infecciones Oportunistas/epidemiología , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Adulto , Argentina , Virus BK/genética , Estudios Transversales , ADN Viral/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones Oportunistas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Oportunistas/etiología , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico , Prevalencia , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Factores de Riesgo , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/diagnóstico , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/etiologíaRESUMEN
Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a benign neoplasia that affects physiological functions of sea turtles and may lead to death. High prevalence of FP in sea turtle populations has prompted several research groups to study the disease and the associated herpesvirus, chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5). The present study detected and quantified ChHV5 in 153 fibropapilloma samples collected from green turtles Chelonia mydas on the Brazilian coast between 2009 and 2010 to characterize the relationship between viral load and tumor characteristics. Of the tumor samples collected, 73 and 87% were positive for ChHV5 in conventional PCR and real-time PCR, respectively, and viral loads ranged between 1 and 118.62 copies cell⻹. Thirty-three percent of turtles were mildly, 28% were moderately and 39% were severely affected with FP. Skin samples were used as negative control. High viral loads correlated positively with increasing FP severity in turtles sampled on the Brazilian coast and with samples from turtles found dead in the states of São Paulo and Bahia. Six viral variants were detected in tumor samples, 4 of which were similar to the Atlantic phylogenetic group. Two variants were similar to the western Atlantic/eastern Caribbean phylogenetic group. Co-infection in turtles with more than one variant was observed in the states of São Paulo and Bahia.
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Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Herpesviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Papiloma/veterinaria , Neoplasias Cutáneas/veterinaria , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/veterinaria , Tortugas , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , ADN Viral/análisis , Femenino , Herpesviridae/genética , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Masculino , Papiloma/epidemiología , Papiloma/virología , Filogenia , Neoplasias Cutáneas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/virología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: HIV infection leads to a decreasing immune response, thereby facilitating the appearance of other infections, one of the most important ones being HPV. However, studies are needed for determining associations between immunodeficiency caused by HIV and/or the presence of HPV during the course of cervical lesions and their degree of malignancy. This study describes the cytological findings revealed by the Papanicolaou test, laboratory characteristics and HPV molecular profile in women with and without HIV infection. METHODS: A total of 216 HIV-positive and 1,159 HIV-negative women were invited to participate in the study; PCR was used for the molecular detection of HPV in cervical samples. Statistical analysis (such as percentages, Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test when applicable) determined human papillomavirus (HPV) infection frequency (single and multiple) and the distribution of six types of high-risk-HPV in women with and without HIV infection. Likewise, a logistic regression model was run to evaluate the relationship between HIV-HPV infection and different risk factors. RESULTS: An association was found between the frequency of HPV infection and infection involving 2 or more HPV types (also known as multiple HPV infection) in HIV-positive women (69.0% and 54.2%, respectively); such frequency was greater than that found in HIV-negative women (44.3% and 22.7%, respectively). Statistically significant differences were observed between both groups (p = 0.001) regarding HPV presence (both in infection and multiple HPV infection). HPV-16 was the most prevalent type in the population being studied (p = 0.001); other viral types had variable distribution in both groups (HIV-positive and HIV-negative). HPV detection was associated with <500 cell/mm(3) CD4-count (p = 0.004) and higher HIV-viral-load (p = 0.001). HPV-DNA detection, <200 cell/mm(3) CD4-count (p = 0.001), and higher HIV-viral-load (p = 0.001) were associated with abnormal cytological findings. CONCLUSIONS: The HIV-1 positive population in this study had high multiple HPV infection prevalence. The results for this population group also suggested a greater association between HPV-DNA presence and cytological findings. HPV detection, together with low CD4 count, could represent useful tools for identifying HIV-positive women at risk of developing cervical lesions.