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OBJECTIVE: To provide the evidence for improving the risk assessment and personal protective equipment and techniques to laboratory staff related to Leishmania. METHODS: The laboratory biosafety of Leishmania was preliminarily assessed based on the biological background information, potential hazards in experimental activities, the risk analyses of laboratory personnel and other relevant factors. RESULTS: The risk assessment on laboratory biosafety of Leishmania was helpful for the establishment of the laboratory standard operating procedure, and was helpful for protecting the staff from infection of Leishmania. CONCLUSION: The risk assessment on laboratory biosafety is important to the safety of laboratory activity related to Leishmania, and is of a great significance to protect the laboratory staff.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the types of Demodex spp. among workers in hospitals, where people work collectively in a closed setting for long periods of time. METHODS: In order to determine the parasite prevalence among staff working in the Beydagi State Hospital, including laboratory and kitchen staff, cleaning workers and nurses, defined as risk groups by the infection experts and hospital administration, specimens were collected from their faces using standardized surface skin biopsy (SSSB) and analyzed in parasitology laboratories. Demodex spp. was found in 74.7% of the 95 specimens. The statistical analysis did not reveal any significant differences by jobs, age and gender variables. RESULTS: Moreover, it was observed that positivity was 75.4% for women, and 73.7% for men. Demodex spp. positive staff reported in their histories that they had been diagnosed with rosacea and had pruritus and blushes on their faces from time to time, for which they had not received any medical analyses. Subjects with Demodex spp. were referred to the relevant clinic. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the high prevalence of the parasite among the hospital staff is associated with inadequate information about Demodex spp. among the staff.

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Parasitic diseases are receiving increasing attention in developed countries in part because of their importance in travelers, immigrants, and immunocompromised persons. The main purpose of this review is to educate laboratorians, the primary readership, and health care workers, the secondary readership, about the potential hazards of handling specimens that contain viable parasites and about the diseases that can result. This is accomplished partly through discussion of the occupationally acquired cases of parasitic infections that have been reported, focusing for each case on the type of accident that resulted in infection, the length of the incubation period, the clinical manifestations that developed, and the means by which infection was detected. The article focuses on the cases of infection with the protozoa that cause leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis), and African trypanosomiasis. Data about 164 such cases are discussed, as are data about cases caused by intestinal protozoa and by helminths. Of the 105 case-patients infected with blood and tissue protozoa who either recalled an accident or for whom the likely route of transmission could be presumed, 47 (44.8%) had percutaneous exposure via a contaminated needle or other sharp object. Some accidents were directly linked to poor laboratory practices (e.g., recapping a needle or working barehanded). To decrease the likelihood of accidental exposures, persons who could be exposed to pathogenic parasites must be thoroughly instructed in safety precautions before they begin to work and through ongoing training programs. Protocols should be provided for handling specimens that could contain viable organisms, using protective clothing and equipment, dealing with spills of infectious organisms, and responding to accidents. Special care should be exercised when using needles and other sharp objects.

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Se realizó un estudio comparativo entre Itraconazol (I) y Fluconazol (F) en el tratamiento de la coccidioidomicosis experimental en ratas Wistar. Treinta animales de 250 g de peso fueron inoculados con 200 artroconidias de Coccidioides immitis por vía intercardíaca. Ambas drogas fueron administradas por gastroclisis a razón de 200 mg//kg/día durante 5 semanas a partir del 7 día post-inoculación. El grupo control recibió el solvente de las drogas. Los animales que sobrevivieron 2 semanas después de concluído el tratamiento fueron sacrificados y se le realizaron los siguientes estudios: 1) examen macroscópico (presencia de granulomas) y microscópico (presencia de esporangios) en los pulmones; 2) unidades formadoras de colonias en homogeneizado de pulmones; 3) estudio histopatológico de pulmones con H & E realizando una evaluación semi-cuantitativa contando: a) número de granulomas por campo de 50x; b) número de esporangios con esporangiosporos en cada granuloma y c) número de esporangios vacíos. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el itraconazol fue más eficaz que el fluconazol en el tratamiento de este modelo experimental, en la evaluación efectuada a través de varios de los parámetros considerados: 1) se comprobaron menor cantidad de cultivos pulmonares positivos, (30 por ciento vs 100 por ciento); 2) menor número de UFC/g de pulmón (<1x10 vs 1.7x10 ); 3) menos cantidad de granulomas pulmonares en el estudio histopatológico (1/14 campos vs 1/4 campos); 4) menor cantidad de esporangios por granuloma (0 vs 33) y 5) mayor número de esporangios vacíos o alterados. Cabe señalar, sin embargo, que el fluconazol fue capaz de reducir el número de UFC/g pulmón,comparando con el grupo control

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Se realizó un estudio comparativo entre Itraconazol (I) y Fluconazol (F) en el tratamiento de la coccidioidomicosis experimental en ratas Wistar. Treinta animales de 250 g de peso fueron inoculados con 200 artroconidias de Coccidioides immitis por vía intercardíaca. Ambas drogas fueron administradas por gastroclisis a razón de 200 mg//kg/día durante 5 semanas a partir del 7 día post-inoculación. El grupo control recibió el solvente de las drogas. Los animales que sobrevivieron 2 semanas después de concluído el tratamiento fueron sacrificados y se le realizaron los siguientes estudios: 1) examen macroscópico (presencia de granulomas) y microscópico (presencia de esporangios) en los pulmones; 2) unidades formadoras de colonias en homogeneizado de pulmones; 3) estudio histopatológico de pulmones con H & E realizando una evaluación semi-cuantitativa contando: a) número de granulomas por campo de 50x; b) número de esporangios con esporangiosporos en cada granuloma y c) número de esporangios vacíos. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el itraconazol fue más eficaz que el fluconazol en el tratamiento de este modelo experimental, en la evaluación efectuada a través de varios de los parámetros considerados: 1) se comprobaron menor cantidad de cultivos pulmonares positivos, (30 por ciento vs 100 por ciento); 2) menor número de UFC/g de pulmón (<1x10 vs 1.7x10 ); 3) menos cantidad de granulomas pulmonares en el estudio histopatológico (1/14 campos vs 1/4 campos); 4) menor cantidad de esporangios por granuloma (0 vs 33) y 5) mayor número de esporangios vacíos o alterados. Cabe señalar, sin embargo, que el fluconazol fue capaz de reducir el número de UFC/g pulmón,comparando con el grupo control

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