RESUMEN
In February 2020, a Chinese cargo ship docked at the Port of Santos with reports of crew members with a feverish and respiratory condition. A team was gathered to verify the existence of suspected cases of COVID-19 inside the vessel and define its clearance. All 25 crew members were interviewed, and no suspected cases were found. The vessel was then cleared for port activities. The investigation resulted from the implementation of the contingency plan to face a public health emergency of international importance and several surveillance entities cooperated.
Asunto(s)
Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles/métodos , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & control , Pandemias/prevención & control , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , Navíos , Adulto , Brasil , COVID-19 , China/etnología , Humanos , Indonesia/etnología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ABSTRACT In February 2020, a Chinese cargo ship docked at the Port of Santos with reports of crew members with a feverish and respiratory condition. A team was gathered to verify the existence of suspected cases of COVID-19 inside the vessel and define its clearance. All 25 crew members were interviewed, and no suspected cases were found. The vessel was then cleared for port activities. The investigation resulted from the implementation of the contingency plan to face a public health emergency of international importance and several surveillance entities cooperated.
RESUMO Em fevereiro de 2020, um navio de carga vindo da China atracou no Porto de Santos com relato de tripulantes com quadro febril e respiratório. Uma equipe foi mobilizada para verificar a existência de casos suspeitos de COVID-19 dentro da embarcação e definir a liberação da embarcação no porto. Todos os 25 tripulantes foram entrevistados e não foram encontrados casos suspeitos. Então a embarcação foi liberada para atividades no porto. A investigação resultou da aplicação do plano de contingência diante de uma emergência de saúde pública de importância internacional e houve a colaboração de diversas entidades de vigilância.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , Navíos , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles/métodos , Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & control , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Pandemias/prevención & control , Brasil , China/etnología , COVID-19 , Indonesia/etnología , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a secondary bile acid (BA), has been used as a drug to treat various liver diseases. UDCA is synthesised from cholic or chenodeoxycholic acid (CA/CDCA), two primary BAs frequently used as the starting materials. Nowadays, swine, cattle, and poultry bile are the main sources of those BAs. However, other commercial animals could be promising sources as well. We identified two livestock, two poultries, and eight fishes that are commercially cultivated in Indonesia. Four free BAs including CA, CDCA, deoxycholic acid (DCA), and lithocholic acid (LA) were identified for their occurrences using thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. CA was detected in cow, duck, red tilapia, gourami, the common carp, and grouper, whereas CDCA was only detected in two poultries and the common carp. The occurrence of DCA was common and abundant in most tested animals. In contrast, the presence of LA was found to be very low in all samples. The biliary bile of tilapia has been found to contain a high abundance of free CA (43% of the total bile). A simple extraction was able to purify CA from biliary bile of tilapia. This is a new promising and competitive source of CA.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Bilis/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada/métodos , Indonesia/etnología , Animales , Ácido Ursodesoxicólico , Ácido Ursodesoxicólico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ácidos y Sales Biliares/uso terapéutico , Ácido Quenodesoxicólico , Tilapia/clasificación , Ácido Cólico/agonistas , Ácido Desoxicólico , Ácido LitocólicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Few European studies examined frailty among older persons from diverse ethnic backgrounds. We aimed to examine the association of ethnic background with frailty. In addition, we explored the association of ethnic background with distinct components that are considered to be relevant for frailty. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study of pooled data of The Older Persons and Informal Caregivers Survey Minimum DataSet (TOPICS) in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling persons aged 55 years and older with a Dutch, Indonesian, Surinamese, Moroccan or Turkish ethnic background were included (n=23 371). MEASUREMENTS: Frailty was assessed with the validated TOPICS-Frailty Index that consisted of 45 items. The TOPICS-Frailty Index contained six components: morbidities, limitations in activities of daily living (ADL), limitations in instrumental ADL, health-related quality of life, psychosocial health and self-rated health. To examine the associations of ethnic background with frailty and with distinct frailty components, we estimated multilevel random-intercept models adjusted for confounders. RESULTS: TOPICS-Frailty Index scores varied from 0.19 (SD=0.12) among persons with a Dutch background to 0.29 (SD=0.15) in persons with a Turkish background. After adjustment for age, sex, living arrangement and education level, persons with a Turkish, Moroccan or Surinamese background were frailer compared with persons with a Dutch background (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in frailty between persons with an Indonesian compared with a Dutch background. The IADL component scores were higher among all groups with a non-Dutch background compared with persons with a Dutch background (p<0.05 or lower for all groups). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with older persons with a Dutch background, persons with a Surinamese, Moroccan or Turkish ethnic background were frailer. Targeted intervention strategies should be developed for the prevention and reduction of frailty among these older immigrants.
Asunto(s)
Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano Frágil/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Vida Independiente/estadística & datos numéricos , Indonesia/etnología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Marruecos/etnología , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Suriname/etnología , Turquía/etnologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ethnic differences regarding the percent of non-communicable diseases have been shown in Asia but the studies on Asian subgroups living in the western countries regarding percent of cardiovascular risk factors and dietary intakes have been scarce. Therefore we compared the percent of cardiovascular risk factors and dietary intakes between Javanese Surinamese who are originally from Indonesia and South-Asian Surinamese who are originally from India. METHODS: Cross-sectional baseline data of the HELIUS (Healthy Life in an Urban Setting) study were used, including data of 2935 Surinamese participants (197 of Javanese and 2738 of South-Asian origin) out of which 1160 participants (78 Javanese and 1082 South-Asian) additionally reported dietary intake data. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the two ethnic groups regarding cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia; in addition, dietary intake of foods like vegetables, red meat, fruit, high fibre foods, low fibre foods, high fat and low fat dairy products, chicken and sugar sweetened beverages were also compared between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to adjust for age and sex when comparing the two groups. RESULTS: South-Asian Surinamese had a significantly higher percent of abdominal obesity (OR 2.44; CI 1.66-3.57), cardiovascular disease (OR 2.55; CI 1.48-4.35) and diabetes (OR 2.77; CI 1.67-4.60) as compared with Javanese Surinamese after adjustment for age and sex. The percent of obesity (BMI), hypertension, and lipids was not significantly different between the ethnic groups. Javanese Surinamese had a significantly higher intake of red meat and a significantly lower intake of dairy products as compared with South-Asian Surinamese. Intakes of vegetables, grains, fish, fruits, tea and coffee did not significantly differ between the ethnic groups. Both groups showed intake of considerable amount of sugar sweetened beverages. CONCLUSIONS: Public health practitioners in the Netherlands and elsewhere in the world should take into account the ethnic subgroup differences within the broader groups like Asians when developing interventions related to health among ethnic minorities.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etnología , Dieta , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Antropometría , Pueblo Asiatico , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Etnicidad , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/etnología , Indonesia/etnología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Análisis de Regresión , Factores de Riesgo , Clase Social , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To study the age- and sex-specific incidence rates of first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among first-generation ethnic minority groups (henceforth, migrant groups) and the Dutch majority population in the Netherlands during two time periods (2000-2004 and 2005-2010). METHODS: Through linkage of Dutch nationwide registers, first AMI events in the Dutch majority population and the major migrant groups living in the Netherlands were identified from 2000-2004 and 2005-2010. Absolute incidence rates were calculated within each age-sex-period-country of birth group. RESULTS: Regardless of ethnic background, AMI incidence rates were higher in men than in women and increased with age. Incidence significantly declined over time among the Dutch majority population (men: -26.8%, women: -26.7%), and among most migrant groups under study. It was only in Moroccan migrants that AMI incidence significantly increased over time (men: 25.2%, women: 41.7%). Trends differed between age categories, but did not show a consistent pattern. The higher AMI incidence in Surinamese men and women and Turkish and Indonesian men compared with the Dutch majority population persisted over time, but decreased with age and became absent after 70 years of age. Moroccans had a significantly lower incidence compared with the Dutch majority population during 2000-2004, which disappeared during 2005-2010. CONCLUSION: Primary preventive strategies should focus on Surinamese men and women and Turkish and Indonesian men below 70 years of age. Future research is necessary to unravel the factors that provoke the increasing AMI incidence over time among Moroccans.
Asunto(s)
Infarto del Miocardio/etnología , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Sistema de Registros/estadística & datos numéricos , Migrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Edad de Inicio , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Indonesia/etnología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Salud de las Minorías , Marruecos/etnología , Infarto del Miocardio/terapia , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Vigilancia de Guardia , Suriname/etnología , Turquía/etnologíaRESUMEN
In 1915 the Rockefeller Foundation took its hookworm eradication campaign to Suriname, but was soon disappointed because of opposition from its main target group: the Javanese. Moreover, authorities and planters objected to the construction of latrines because of the costs and their belief that the Javanese were "unhygienic". In describing the labor migration from Java to Suriname, I show that this "lack of hygiene" was closely related to the system's organization. I argue that uncleanliness was the consequence of harmful socio-economic and ecological conditions. Secondly I suggest that even though the Foundation did not manage to cleanse Suriname of hookworm, its educational efforts, its emphasis on prevention, and its training of local health workers probably had more impact than Rockefeller officials thought.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Uncinaria/historia , Higiene/historia , Saneamiento/historia , Fundaciones/historia , Historia del Siglo XX , Infecciones por Uncinaria/prevención & control , Humanos , Indonesia/etnología , Cooperación Internacional , Suriname , Migrantes , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Differences in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) incidence between ethnic minority and migrant groups (henceforth, minority groups) and the majority population have been reported. Health differences may converge towards the majority population over generations. We assessed whether AMI incidence differences between minority groups living in the Netherlands and the Dutch majority population exist, and whether the incidence converges towards the majority population over generations. METHODS: A nationwide register-based cohort study was conducted from 1997 to 2007. Using Cox Proportional Hazard Models AMI incidence differences between minorities and the majority population were estimated. When possible, analyses were stratified by generation. RESULTS: AMI incidence differences between minorities and the majority population depended on the country of origin, and often varied between minorities originating from the same geographical region. For example, among North African and Mediterranean minorities, incidence was higher in Turkish (Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.34; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 1.28-1.41), but lower in Moroccans (HR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.40-0.52) compared with the majority population. Most minorities had a similar or lower incidence than the majority population, which remained similar or converged towards the incidence of the majority population over generations. In contrast, among minorities from the former Dutch colonies (Suriname, Indonesia, Netherlands Antilles) beneficial intergenerational changes were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Health care professionals and policy makers should be aware of substantial AMI incidence differences between minority groups and the majority population, and the often unbeneficial change over generations. Future research should be cautious when clustering minority groups based on geographical region of the country of origin.
Asunto(s)
Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Grupos Minoritarios/estadística & datos numéricos , Infarto del Miocardio/etnología , Infarto del Miocardio/mortalidad , Sistema de Registros/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Efecto de Cohortes , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Incidencia , Indonesia/etnología , Masculino , Marruecos/etnología , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Pakistán/etnología , Filipinas/etnología , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Suriname/etnología , Turquía/etnologíaRESUMEN
In the half century since the 1959 Cuban Revolution, El Habano remains the premium cigar the world over; but both before and since 1959, the seed, agricultural and industrial know-how, and human capital have been transplanted to replicate that cigar in a process accentuated by upheavals and out-migration. The focus here is on a little-known facet of the interconnected island and offshore Havana cigar history, linking Cuba with Connecticut and Indonesia: from when tobacco was taken from the Americas to Indonesia and gave rise to the famed Sumatra cigar wrapper leaf; through the rise and demise of its sister shade wrapper in Connecticut, with Cuban and Sumatra seed, ultimately overshadowed by Indonesia; and the resulting challenges facing Cuba today. The article highlights the role of Dutch, U.S., British, and Swedish capital to explain why in 2009 the two major global cigar corporations, British Imperial Tobacco and Swedish Match, were lobbying Washington, respectively, for and against the embargo on Cuba. As the antismoking, antitobacco lobby gains ground internationally, the intriguing final question is whether the future lies with El Habano or smokeless Swedish snus.
Asunto(s)
Comercio , Nicotiana , Salud Pública , Fumar , Industria del Tabaco , Comercio/economía , Comercio/educación , Comercio/historia , Connecticut/etnología , Productos Agrícolas/economía , Productos Agrícolas/historia , Cuba/etnología , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Indonesia/etnología , Hojas de la Planta , Salud Pública/economía , Salud Pública/educación , Salud Pública/historia , Salud Pública/legislación & jurisprudencia , Opinión Pública/historia , Fumar/economía , Fumar/etnología , Fumar/historia , Industria del Tabaco/economía , Industria del Tabaco/educación , Industria del Tabaco/historiaRESUMEN
Cultural variations in the associations of 12 body sensations with 7 emotions were studied in 2 rural samples from northern Mexico (n = 61) and Java, Indonesia (n = 99), with low exposure to Western influences and in 3 university student samples from Belgium (n = 75), Indonesia (n = 85), and Mexico (n = 123). Both parametric and nonparametric analyses suggest that findings from previous studies with only student samples (K. R. Scherer & H. G. Wallbott, 1994) were generalizable to the 2 rural samples. Some notable cultural deviations from common profiles were also identified. Implications of the findings for explanations of body sensations experienced with emotions and the cross-cultural study of emotions are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Características Culturales , Emociones , Percepción , Adulto , Bélgica , Sonrojo , Temperatura Corporal , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Indonesia/etnología , Masculino , México/etnología , Población Rural , SudoraciónRESUMEN
To test the hypothesis that ethnic differences may exist in the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) and other cardiovascular conditions among patients admitted to the hospital with nonhemorrhagic stroke, we reviewed registry data over a 2-year period of 832 consecutive patients admitted with nonhemorrhagic stroke to our hospital, which serves a multiethnic population. Indo-Asians and Afro-Caribbeans with acute (nonhemorrhagic) stroke had a lower prevalence of AF, despite a greater prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, than whites. AF was an independent predictor of increased mortality after stroke in our multiethnic population as a whole, but AF appears to be a less prominent factor in stroke among Indo-Asians and Afro-Caribbeans than in whites.
Asunto(s)
Pueblo Asiatico/estadística & datos numéricos , Fibrilación Atrial/etnología , Población Negra/estadística & datos numéricos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etnología , Población Blanca/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Indonesia/etnología , Masculino , Análisis Multivariante , Prevalencia , Estudios Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Indias Occidentales/etnologíaRESUMEN
The wide variation in the way coronary artery disease (CAD) affects different ethnic groups and the associated risk factor profiles of these groups have been extensively studied, but ethnic differences in the clinical manifestations of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) have been relatively neglected. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of PVD in different ethnic groups and to explore possible pathophysiological factors accounting for these differences. Atherosclerotic PVD is generally less prevalent in Indo-Asians and Afro-Caribbeans than in caucasians, despite the 'classical' risk factors being as prevalent, if not more so, suggesting the possibility of as yet unidentified risk factors in these groups. Angiographic and microscopic evidence suggests that patients of African or Afro-Caribbean origin suffer from a different pattern of PVD, which primarily affects the distal arteries. In contrast, Indo-Asians tend to suffer from thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) far more frequently than other ethnic groups; thus, their arterial disease appears to present much earlier and with greater severity. However, if this sub-category of patient is excluded, they seem to suffer much less from 'simple' atherosclerotic disease than their caucasian counterparts. Despite a higher prevalence of diabetes among Indo-Asians, the prevalence of intermittent claudication is considerably less in this ethnic group.
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Enfermedades Vasculares Periféricas/etnología , Adolescente , Adulto , África/etnología , Anciano , Barbados/etnología , Trastornos de la Coagulación Sanguínea/complicaciones , Niño , Preescolar , Complicaciones de la Diabetes , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Indonesia/etnología , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Fumar/efectos adversos , Reino Unido/epidemiologíaAsunto(s)
Femenino , Humanos , Clofazimina/uso terapéutico , Dapsona/uso terapéutico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Leprostáticos/uso terapéutico , Lepra Lepromatosa/diagnóstico , Lepra Lepromatosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Indonesia/etnología , Piel/patología , Quimioterapia Combinada , Rifampin/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
This paper shows how disease transmission and particularly what biomedicine calls tuberculosis are interpreted in the non-Western context of Aceh Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. It tries also to focus on factors influencing perceptions and health-seeking behaviors. Results show that what biomedicine calls TB is represented by a semantic network of illnesses. Parts of this network are clearly identified as transmissible while others are related to specific phenomena affecting the individual, such as terbuk (poisoning) or trouk (fatigue produced by hard work), and are not considered contagious. Forms of transmission are interpreted mostly through empirical and analogic categories. TB is attributed to four different aspects: (a) biomedical categories such as germ theory; (b) socio-economic conditions; (c) transgression of social rules; and (d) poisoning and the influences of supernatural powers. Health-seeking behaviors are related to the perceived causes of the disease, economic factors, and the accessibility of health services.
Asunto(s)
Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Medicina Tradicional , Semántica , Clase Social , Tuberculosis/etnología , Adulto , Características Culturales , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Etnicidad , Fatiga , Femenino , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Indonesia/etnología , Masculino , Intoxicación , Tuberculosis/clasificación , Tuberculosis/transmisiónRESUMEN
This paper describes the survey results reporting demographic profiles, behaviours, opinions beliefs, attitudes and intentions related to condom use for three Canadian ethnocultural communities (Latin American, English-speaking Caribbean and South Asian) participating in the Ethnocultural Communities facing AIDS Study. Specific recommendations are presented for HIV-prevention programming based on the research results (AU).
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Etnicidad , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/etnología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/prevención & control , Condones/estadística & datos numéricos , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Motivación , Análisis Multivariante , Asunción de Riesgos , Conducta Sexual , Conducta Social , Asia Sudoriental/etnología , Indonesia/etnología , América Latina/etnología , CanadáRESUMEN
Hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) was found in 5% and hepatitis B antibody (anti-HBs) in 33% of male blood donors from different ethnic groups in Paramaribo, Surinam. Among these ethnic groups only blood donors of Indonesian origin had a higher prevalence of both HBsAg and anti-HBs. The Indonesian donors may acquire this antigen and antibody at an earlier age than donors of Creole origin or of the Mixed ethnic group.