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1.
Am J Phys Anthropol ; 164(3): 477-487, 2017 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28748526

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Debate persists regarding the biological makeup of European Ottoman communities settled during the expansion of the Ottoman Empire during the 16th and 17th centuries, and the roles of conversion and migration in shaping demography and population history. The aim of this study was to perform an assessment of the biological affinities of three European Ottoman series based on craniometric data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Craniometric data collected from three Ottoman series from Hungary and Romania were compared to European and Anatolian comparative series, selected to represent biological affinity representative of historically recorded migration and conversion influences. Sex-separated samples were analyzed using D2 -matrices, along with principal coordinates and PERMANOVA analyses to investigate biological affinities. Discriminant function analysis was employed to assign Ottoman individuals to two potential classes: European or Anatolian. RESULTS: Affinity analyses show larger than expected biological differences between males and females within each of the Ottoman communities. Discriminant function analyses show that the majority of Ottoman individuals could be classified as either European or Anatolian with a high probability. Moreover, location within Europe proved influential, as the Ottomans from a location of more geopolitical importance (Budapest) diverged from more hinterland communities in terms of biological affinity patterns. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that male and female Ottomans may possess distinct population histories, with males and females divergent from each other in terms of their biological affinities. The Ottoman communities appear diverse in terms of constituting a mix of peoples from different biological backgrounds. The greater distances between sexes from the same community, and the differences between communities, may be evidence that the processes of migration and conversion impacted individual people and groups diversely.


Asunto(s)
Cefalometría/métodos , Migración Humana/historia , Cráneo/anatomía & histología , Población Blanca/etnología , Adolescente , Adulto , Antropología Física , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XVI , Historia del Siglo XVII , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Hungría/etnología , Masculino , Imperio Otomano/etnología , Rumanía/etnología , Adulto Joven
2.
Econ Hist Rev ; 65(1): 194-219, 2012.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22329064

RESUMEN

This study investigates the development of early modern Ottoman consumer culture. In particular, the democratization of consumption, which is a significant indicator of the development of western consumer cultures, is examined in relation to Ottoman society. Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century probate inventories of the town of Bursa combined with literary and official sources are used in order to identify democratization of consumption and the macro conditions shaping this development. Findings demonstrate that commercialization, international trade, urbanization which created a fluid social structure, and the ability of the state to negotiate with guilds were possible contextual specificities which encouraged the democratization of consumption in the Bursa context.


Asunto(s)
Características Culturales , Artículos Domésticos , Renta , Estilo de Vida , Características de la Residencia , Clase Social , Testamentos , Comercio/economía , Comercio/educación , Comercio/historia , Características Culturales/historia , Historia del Siglo XVI , Historia del Siglo XVII , Artículos Domésticos/economía , Artículos Domésticos/historia , Tareas del Hogar/economía , Tareas del Hogar/historia , Renta/historia , Internacionalidad/historia , Internacionalidad/legislación & jurisprudencia , Estilo de Vida/etnología , Estilo de Vida/historia , Imperio Otomano/etnología , Características de la Residencia/historia , Clase Social/historia , Testamentos/economía , Testamentos/etnología , Testamentos/historia , Testamentos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Testamentos/psicología
3.
J World Hist ; 22(2): 243-72, 2011.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22073435

RESUMEN

Following the considerable increase in the interactions between Ottomans and Europeans, Ottoman port cities, referred to here as "borderlands," became meeting places of distinct worlds. Ottoman and British people met, clashed, and grappled with each other in the borderlands of the Ottoman Empire. There was unbalanced, disparate, and disproportionate, but also mutual and constant interchange between the two societies. This article discusses one facet of this interchange: the Anglo-Ottoman exchange of women's costumes.


Asunto(s)
Vestuario , Comercio , Diversidad Cultural , Relaciones Interpersonales , Grupos de Población , Vestuario/economía , Vestuario/historia , Vestuario/psicología , Comercio/economía , Comercio/educación , Comercio/historia , Europa (Continente)/etnología , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Actividades Humanas/economía , Actividades Humanas/educación , Actividades Humanas/historia , Actividades Humanas/legislación & jurisprudencia , Actividades Humanas/psicología , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales/historia , Imperio Otomano/etnología , Grupos de Población/educación , Grupos de Población/etnología , Grupos de Población/historia , Grupos de Población/legislación & jurisprudencia , Grupos de Población/psicología
5.
Holocaust Genocide Stud ; 25(3): 404-37, 2011.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22250305

RESUMEN

This article develops a new paradigm for the study of collaboration by applying the concept to events outside the context of the Second World War. The authors examine three instances of collaboration in twentieth-century mass killings, seeking to situate them within the framework of genocide. Using a multidisciplinary approach, the article questions the validity of explanations of conflict predicated on the existence of binary systems­explanations that appear frequently in comparative genocide studies. The authors relate the decision to participate in mass murder to the history of structural inequality within a given society. The article concludes that, however vague, the concept of collaboration is useful in accentuating a bottom-up approach in the study of genocide.


Asunto(s)
Conducta Cooperativa , Características Culturales , Homicidio , Sistemas Políticos , Violencia , Países Bálticos/etnología , Características Culturales/historia , Alemania/etnología , Historia del Siglo XX , Homicidio/etnología , Homicidio/historia , Conducta de Masa , Imperio Otomano/etnología , Sistemas Políticos/historia , Rwanda/etnología , Violencia/etnología , Violencia/historia
6.
J Des Hist ; 23(4): 367-85, 2010.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21114093

RESUMEN

This article investigates the reciprocal influence of Ottoman Turkish and American interiors in the development of seating furniture. Seating furniture is unique because it involves a direct and physical interaction between the piece of furniture and the body, while at the same time it is part of a public space where social interactions occur. I will argue that the interactions between the Ottoman Turks and Americans are reflected in the way these traditions modified their seating furniture as they sought to mediate cultural, political and social differences between them. The concept of bodily comfort will serve as a common thread in understanding the origin of the expression "American style" (Amerikan stili or Amerikan tarzi) in modern Turkish language, the "Turkish chairs" in Victorian America in the late nineteenth century and the English language use of words such as sofa, ottoman and divan.


Asunto(s)
Comparación Transcultural , Artículos Domésticos , Cuerpo Humano , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario , Imagen Corporal , Diversidad Cultural , Etnicidad/educación , Etnicidad/etnología , Etnicidad/historia , Etnicidad/legislación & jurisprudencia , Etnicidad/psicología , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Artículos Domésticos/economía , Artículos Domésticos/historia , Humanos , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/economía , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/historia , Lenguaje/historia , Imperio Otomano/etnología , Turquía/etnología , Estados Unidos/etnología
7.
Middle East Stud ; 46(4): 555-68, 2010.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20715322

RESUMEN

This study examines the development and nature of the regulation of prostitution in Beyoglu during the late Ottoman Empire with special emphasis on the way the regulationist regime reinforced existing patterns of class and gender domination. The regulation of prostitution became a matter of urgency in the last decades of the nineteenth century in Istanbul, particularly in Beyoglu, the cosmopolitan centre of the city. Through this process, the protests of the local residents of the area objecting to the proliferation of prostitution in their neighbourhoods played a crucial role in prompting the governmental authorities to tighten the regulations.


Asunto(s)
Identidad de Género , Trabajo Sexual , Clase Social , Población Urbana , Salud de la Mujer , Derechos de la Mujer , Mujeres Trabajadoras , Ciudades/economía , Ciudades/etnología , Ciudades/historia , Ciudades/legislación & jurisprudencia , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Aplicación de la Ley/historia , Imperio Otomano/etnología , Opinión Pública/historia , Trabajo Sexual/etnología , Trabajo Sexual/historia , Trabajo Sexual/legislación & jurisprudencia , Trabajo Sexual/psicología , Clase Social/historia , Salud Urbana/historia , Población Urbana/historia , Salud de la Mujer/etnología , Salud de la Mujer/historia , Derechos de la Mujer/economía , Derechos de la Mujer/educación , Derechos de la Mujer/historia , Derechos de la Mujer/legislación & jurisprudencia , Mujeres Trabajadoras/educación , Mujeres Trabajadoras/historia , Mujeres Trabajadoras/legislación & jurisprudencia , Mujeres Trabajadoras/psicología
8.
J Fam Hist ; 35(3): 207-18, 2010.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20712095

RESUMEN

The harem image has dominated the conceptualizations of the family and the private sphere in the Ottoman empire at the turn of the century. This essay aims to review these conceptualizations and locate family life in both public and private spheres. The main source of inquiry will be the literary writings of Fatma Aliye (1862-1936) who wrote about women, marriage, education, poverty, and slavery. In these works, she outlined common dreams for Eastern and Western women, such as the love and companionship of an honest, monogamous man. These dreams envisioned Muslim women performing a variety of roles and thus transcended the given expectations from the family and from Muslim women as a monolithic category. In this light, this essay seeks to contextualize Aliye's works within the history of the family by evaluating Aliye's views particularly on marriage.


Asunto(s)
Composición Familiar , Islamismo , Literatura , Matrimonio , Esposos , Mujeres , Composición Familiar/etnología , Relaciones Familiares/etnología , Relaciones Familiares/legislación & jurisprudencia , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Islamismo/historia , Islamismo/psicología , Literatura/historia , Matrimonio/etnología , Matrimonio/historia , Matrimonio/legislación & jurisprudencia , Matrimonio/psicología , Imperio Otomano/etnología , Conducta Sexual/etnología , Conducta Sexual/historia , Conducta Sexual/fisiología , Conducta Sexual/psicología , Conducta Social , Esposos/educación , Esposos/etnología , Esposos/historia , Esposos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Esposos/psicología , Mujeres/educación , Mujeres/historia , Mujeres/psicología , Salud de la Mujer/etnología , Salud de la Mujer/historia , Derechos de la Mujer/economía , Derechos de la Mujer/educación , Derechos de la Mujer/historia , Derechos de la Mujer/legislación & jurisprudencia
9.
Am Hist Rev ; 115(5): 1315-39, 2010.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21246885

RESUMEN

The essay centers of the efforts by the League of Nations to rescue women and children survivors of the 1915 Armenian Genocide. This rescue -- a seemingly unambiguous good -- was at once a constitutive act in drawing the boundaries of the international community, a key moment in the definition of humanitarianism, and a site of resistance to the colonial presence in the post-Ottoman Eastern Mediterranean. Drawing from a wide range of source materials in a number of languages, including Turkish, Armenian, and Arabic, the essay brings the intellectual and social context of humanitarianism in initiating societies together with the lived experience of humanitarianism in the places where the act took form. In so doing, it draws our attention to the proper place of the Eastern mediterranean, and its women and children, in the global history of humanitarianism. The prevailing narrative of the history of human rights places much of its emphasis on the post-World War II era, the international reaction to the Holocaust, and the founding of the United Nations. yet contemporary human rights thinking also took place within practices of humanitarianism in the interwar period, and is necessarily inseparable from the histories of refugees, colonialism, and the non-West.


Asunto(s)
Altruismo , Homicidio , Violaciones de los Derechos Humanos , Agencias Internacionales , Sobrevivientes , Violencia , Armenia/etnología , Niño , Historia del Siglo XX , Homicidio/economía , Homicidio/etnología , Homicidio/historia , Homicidio/legislación & jurisprudencia , Homicidio/psicología , Violaciones de los Derechos Humanos/economía , Violaciones de los Derechos Humanos/etnología , Violaciones de los Derechos Humanos/historia , Violaciones de los Derechos Humanos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Violaciones de los Derechos Humanos/psicología , Humanos , Agencias Internacionales/historia , Región Mediterránea/etnología , Imperio Otomano/etnología , Refugiados/educación , Refugiados/historia , Refugiados/legislación & jurisprudencia , Refugiados/psicología , Trabajo de Rescate/historia , Sobrevivientes/historia , Sobrevivientes/legislación & jurisprudencia , Sobrevivientes/psicología , Violencia/economía , Violencia/etnología , Violencia/historia , Violencia/legislación & jurisprudencia , Violencia/psicología , Mujeres/educación , Mujeres/historia , Mujeres/psicología
10.
Vic Stud ; 51(4): 633-61, 2009.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20210041

RESUMEN

This article explores how Victorian notions of charity translated to evangelical mission projects in the Near East. Focusing on Quaker philanthropist Ann Mary Burgess, it traces the trade networks that she established to serve the Armenian community living in the Ottoman Empire. Burgess's vast network of supporters throughout Britain, Europe, and the Near East enabled her to fund relief projects using profits from goods produced by the orphans and widows served by the Friends' Constantinople Mission. The mapping of these networks reveals the evolving relationship between evangelicalism, the humanitarian movement, and the marketplace in imperial Britain.


Asunto(s)
Niños Huérfanos , Etnicidad , Sistemas de Socorro , Religión , Factores Socioeconómicos , Viudez , Mujeres Trabajadoras , Antropología Cultural/educación , Antropología Cultural/historia , Niños Huérfanos/educación , Niños Huérfanos/historia , Niños Huérfanos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Niños Huérfanos/psicología , Etnicidad/educación , Etnicidad/etnología , Etnicidad/historia , Etnicidad/legislación & jurisprudencia , Etnicidad/psicología , Historia del Siglo XIX , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales , Orfanatos/economía , Orfanatos/historia , Orfanatos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Imperio Otomano/etnología , Salud Pública/economía , Salud Pública/educación , Salud Pública/historia , Sistemas de Socorro/economía , Sistemas de Socorro/historia , Sistemas de Socorro/legislación & jurisprudencia , Religión/historia , Condiciones Sociales/economía , Condiciones Sociales/historia , Condiciones Sociales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Bienestar Social/economía , Bienestar Social/etnología , Bienestar Social/historia , Bienestar Social/legislación & jurisprudencia , Bienestar Social/psicología , Reino Unido/etnología , Viudez/economía , Viudez/etnología , Viudez/historia , Viudez/legislación & jurisprudencia , Viudez/psicología , Salud de la Mujer/economía , Salud de la Mujer/etnología , Salud de la Mujer/historia , Salud de la Mujer/legislación & jurisprudencia , Derechos de la Mujer/economía , Derechos de la Mujer/educación , Derechos de la Mujer/historia , Derechos de la Mujer/legislación & jurisprudencia , Mujeres Trabajadoras/educación , Mujeres Trabajadoras/historia , Mujeres Trabajadoras/legislación & jurisprudencia
13.
15.
Adler Mus Bull ; 28(2-3): 11-6, 2002 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20329348

RESUMEN

Various minerals, metals, clays, and rocks were among the natural medicinal substances used by physicians and pharmacists in early times in different cultures, for example, the ancient civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Classical physicians such as Hippocrates and Dioscorides mention tens of inorganic medicinal substances in their writings. Many references to minerals and chemicals are also found in the Muslim medical literature of the Eastern and Western Caliphates. The historical research presented in this article focuses on the inorganic substances applied as remedies by the medieval and early Ottoman (7th-17th) inhabitants of the Levant. The article is based upon a literature review covering tens of different historical sources, from the medieval and early Ottoman periods. Relevant information was found in the works of physicians such as al-Tamimi, Benevenutus, Ibn al-Baytar, Daud al-Antaki, and Hayyim Vital. The research revealed evidences of the medicinal uses of fifteen inorganic substances: Alum, Arsenic, Sulphide, Asphalt, Jew's stone, Earth sp., Galena, Haematite, iron, Lead, Pyrite, Salt, Sulphur, Thermal water, Green Vitriol, and Zinc. Inorganic materials comprise 5.2% of the list of medicinal substances. The geographic origin of most of these substances is the Levant, in which two geo-historical centers have been recorded: the Rift Valley and the northern region of the Levant, including upper Galilee, Mount Lebanon and Mount Hermon. A notable tendency to use these substances for treating diseases of the skin, the eyes, the sexual organs, and haemorrhoids was detected.


Asunto(s)
Compuestos Inorgánicos , Medicina Tradicional , Metales , Minerales , Farmacéuticos , Farmacología , Médicos , Mundo Árabe/historia , Comercio/economía , Comercio/educación , Comercio/historia , Historia de la Medicina , Historia del Siglo XV , Historia del Siglo XVI , Historia del Siglo XVII , Historia Medieval , Compuestos Inorgánicos/historia , Medicina Arábiga/historia , Medicina Tradicional/historia , Región Mediterránea/etnología , Metales/historia , Minerales/historia , Imperio Otomano/etnología , Farmacéuticos/historia , Farmacología/educación , Farmacología/historia , Médicos/historia , Venenos/historia , Terapéutica/historia
18.
Bulg Hist Rev ; 29(1-2): 52-68, 2001.
Artículo en Alemán | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20020558
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