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INTRODUCTION: Iliac crest autograft is frequently used to fill in bone defects after osteotomies. Nonetheless, surgery for bone autograft procurement is associated with morbidity and pain at the donor site. Alternatives to it have been explored, but there is no consensus to guide their application as a routine practice in several orthopedic procedures. Thus, this study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety between iliac crest autograft and allograft in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-seven patients with a symptomatic unilateral genu varum and an indication for high tibial osteotomy were randomly assigned to receive either autograft or allograft to fill the osteotomy site. Operative time, bone healing, and complication rates (delayed union, nonunion, superficial and deep infection, loss of correction, and hardware failure) were recorded after a one-year follow-up. Data were expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation and considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. RESULTS: The time to radiologic union was similar between both groups (Allograft: 2.38 ± 0.97 months vs. Autograft: 2.45 ± 0.91 months; p = 0.79). Complication rates were also similar in both groups, with one infection in the allograft group and two in the autograft group, two delayed unions in the allograft group, and three in the autograft group. The operative time differed by 11 min between the groups, being lower in the allograft group (Allograft: 65.4 ± 15.1 min vs. Autograft: 76.3 ± 15.2 min; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Iliac crest allografts can be safely and effectively used in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy as it promotes the same rates of bone union as those achieved by autologous grafts, with the benefits of a shorter operative time. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: U1111-1280-0637 1 December 2022, retrospectively registered.

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The Carnian (Upper Triassic) rocks of the Candelária Sequence present a rich record of dinosaurs, including some of the oldest known dinosaurs worldwide. In this contribution we describe the first unequivocal dinosaur from the Pivetta site, located in the Restinga Sêca municipality, Southern Brazil. The specimen CAPPA/UFSM 0373 is an isolated but well-preserved left ilium. A thorough examination of the specimen's anatomy and a phylogenetic analysis provides evidence that CAPPA/UFSM 0373 belongs to the Herrerasauria. We were able to identify several similarities with potential non-herrerasaurid herrerasaurians (e.g., Tawa hallae, "Caseosaurus crosbyensis"), which were previously only known from North American deposits. In contrast, herrerasaurids (e.g., Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis) are almost exclusively known from South America. Our results support the nesting of CAPPA/UFSM 0373 as an early-diverging herrerasaurian. Furthermore, this is potentially the first record of a non-herrerasaurid herrerasaurian in unambiguous Carnian beds, suggesting a hidden diversity of dinosaurs in the Carnian rocks of the Candelária Sequence, which can be revealed even by fragmentary specimens.

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INTRODUCTION: spinal fusion is used to treat, among other pathologies, the degenerative intervertebral disc disease. Autologous iliac crest bone grafting is the golden standard treatment for increasing the rate of fusion; however, it isn't free of complications. OBJECTIVES: to investigate whether patients who have posterior iliac crest graft harvesting and are blinded to the donor site, can identify from which side the graft was harvested, and whether the intensity of this pain is related to the amount of graft obtained. MATERIAL AND METHODS: prospective, experimental, randomized and comparative, single-blind study. Adult patients who underwent primary instrumented open posterolateral lumbar fusion with autologous iliac crest bone graft between July 2019 and April 2020 were included. Patients were divided into two randomized groups. The amount of graft to be harvested was according to surgical needs. The patients were asked about pain according to the visual analogue scale in the first, third and sixth months after surgery, always requesting that the most painful side be identified. RESULTS: a total of 44 patients (n = 23 right crest, n = 21 left crest) were analyzed. Most patients were unable to identify the side from which the bone graft was harvested, with a statistically significant difference (p-value 0.0001). CONCLUSION: iliac crest bone graft harvesting is an effective and safe procedure that improves the rates of fusion without increasing the patient's morbidity.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la fusión espinal es utilizada para tratar, entre otras patologías, las enfermedades degenerativas discales. El injerto óseo autólogo de cresta ilíaca es el estándar de oro para aumentar las probabilidades de fusión; sin embargo, no está exento de complicaciones. OBJETIVOS: investigar si los pacientes a los que se les recolecta injerto de cresta ilíaca posterior y son cegados al lado del sitio donante, pueden identificar de qué lado se tomó dicho injerto y si la intensidad de este dolor está en relación con la cantidad de injerto obtenido. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: trabajo prospectivo, experimental, aleatorizado y comparativo, simple ciego. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos operados entre Julio de 2019 hasta Abril de 2020, a los cuales se les realizó una cirugía primaria de artrodesis lumbar posterolateral abierta instrumentada, con colocación de injerto óseo autólogo de cresta ilíaca. Se dividió a los pacientes en dos grupos aleatorizados. La cantidad de injerto a recolectar fue de acuerdo a las necesidades quirúrgicas. Se interrogó por el dolor según escala visual analógica al primer, tercer y sexto mes de la cirugía, siempre solicitando que se identifique el lado más doloroso. RESULTADOS: se analizaron 44 pacientes (n = 23 cresta derecha, n = 21 cresta izquierda). La mayoría de los pacientes no lograron identificar el lado del cual se obtuvo el injerto óseo, con una diferencia estadística ampliamente significativa (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIÓN: la obtención de injerto óseo de cresta ilíaca es un procedimiento efectivo y seguro, que mejora las probabilidades de fusión sin aumentar la morbilidad del paciente.

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Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es reportar los resultados funcionales, el retorno al deporte, la tasa de consolidación y las complicaciones en deportistas jóvenes con una cirugía de Latarjet previa fallida, tratados con injerto autólogo de cresta ilíaca.Materiales y métodos: entre el 2017 y el 2020, se operaron en nuestra institución doce pacientes con inestabilidad glenohumeral recurrente luego de una estabilización previa fallida con cirugía de Latarjet, con injerto autólogo de cresta ilíaca como cirugía de revisión. La evaluación funcional se realizó con el score de Rowe, la escala visual análoga (EVA) y el score de ASOSS. Evaluamos el porcentaje de retorno al deporte, el nivel alcanzado y el tiempo que tardaron los deportistas en volver a competir. La consolidación ósea y la posición adecuada del injerto se analizó en todos los casos con radiografías de hombro frente y perfil y tomografía axial computada con reconstrucción 3D. Se registraron las complicaciones y las revisiones.Resultados: el seguimiento promedio fue de 42.6 meses (rango 24 a 92 meses). El score de Rowe, la EVA y el ASOSS mejoraron significativamente luego de la cirugía (p <0.1). Nueve pacientes retornaron al deporte, ocho de ellos al mismo nivel. El injerto óseo consolidó en todos los pacientes. No hubo recurrencias. No se reportaron complicaciones.Conclusión: el injerto autólogo de cresta ilíaca es una opción válida para el tratamiento de deportistas con inestabilidad glenohumeral recurrente luego de una estabilización previa fallida con cirugía de Latarjet. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to report the functional results, return to sport, consolidation rate and complications in young athletes with a previous failed Latarjet surgery, treated with an autologous iliac crest graft.Materials and methods: between 2017 and 2020, twelve patients with recurrent glenohumeral instability were operated on at our institution after previous failed stabilization with Latarjet surgery with autologous iliac crest graft as revision surgery. Functional evaluation was performed with the Rowe score, the VAS, and the ASOSS score. We evaluated the percentage of return to sport, the level reached, and the time it took the athletes to compete again. Bone consolidation and the adequate position of the graft were evaluated in all cases with front and profile X-rays of the shoulder and computed tomography with 3D reconstruction. Complications and revisions were recorded.Results: the average follow-up was 42.6 months (range 24 to 92 months). The Rowe score, visual analog scale, and ASOSS were significantly improved after surgery (p <0.1). Nine patients returned to sport, eight of them at the same level. The bone graft consolidated in all patients. There were no recurrences. No complications were reported.Conclusion: autologous iliac crest grafting is a valid option for the treatment of athletes with recurrent glenohumeral instability after previous failed stabilization with a Latarjet procedure. Level of Evidence: IV

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ABSTRACT Objective: Demonstrate the feasibility of endoscopic assisted L5S1 intraforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (iLIF) through a transiliac approach. Methods: Ten transiliac iLIF and ten supra iliac iLIF were performed bilaterally at L5S1 in five randomly selected fresh-frozen human cadavers. The following measurements were recorded: distances from the transiliac track to the iliac crest, posterior superior iliac spine, and superior gluteal neurovascular bundle; pelvic parameters; approach angles; cage's lateral and AP center point ratio (CPR); percentage of the cage crossing the midline in the AP and lateral views. Endplate integrity was assessed through endoscopic visualization. In addition, the facet joint, sacroiliac joint, iliolumbar ligament, and exiting and traversing nerve roots were checked for integrity through anatomic dissection. Results: In the transiliac technique, the axial and coronal approach angles were significantly decreased by 13.5º (95% CI -15.5; -11.5; p value<0.001) and 13.2º (95% CI -15.3; -11.1; p value<0.001), respectively, the sagittal approach angle was significantly increased by 5.4º (95% CI 1.8,8.9; p-value = 0.008), and the AP CPR was significantly higher (MD 0.16; 95% CI 0.12,0.20; p value<0.001). The percentage of the cage crossing the AP view's midline was increased by 31.6% (95% CI 19.8,43.4; p value<0.001). The integrity of endplates, facet joints, sacroiliac joints, iliolumbar ligament, and exiting and traversing nerve roots was maintained. Conclusion: L5S1 transiliac iLIF is a feasible surgical technique. It allows a more centrally placed interbody cage in the coronal plane without compromising the anterior position in the lateral plane. The integrity of the major anatomic structures at risk was preserved. Evidence Level III: A case-control study.

Resumo: Objetivo: Demonstrar a viabilidade da fusão intersomática lombar assistida por endoscopia (iLIF) em L5S1 através de abordagem transilíaca. Métodos: Dez iLIF por via transilíaca e dez iLIF por via suprailíaca foram realizados bilateralmente em L5S1 em cinco cadáveres selecionados aleatoriamente. Foram registadas as seguintes medidas: Distâncias da via transilíaca até a crista ilíaca, crista ilíaca póstero-superior e feixe neurovascular do glúteo superior; parâmetros pélvicos; ângulos da abordagem; relação do ponto central lateral e AP do cage (CPR); percentagem do cage cruzando a linha média nas incidências AP e perfil. A integridade das placas vertebrais foi avaliada através de visualização endoscópica. Foi verificada através de dissecção anatómica a integridade das articulações facetárias, sacroilíacas, ligamento iliolombar e raízes de L5 e S1. Resultados: Na técnica transilíaca, os ângulos de abordagem axial e coronal foram significativamente menores em 13,5º (CI 95% -15,5;-11,5; p<0,001) e 13,2º (CI 95% -15,3;-11,1; p<0,001 ), respectivamente, o ângulo de abordagem sagital aumentou significativamente em 5,4º (CI 95% 1,8,8,9; p = 0,008), e o AP CPR foi significativamente maior (MD 0,16; CI 95% 0,12,0,20; p <0,001). A percentagem do cage cruzando a linha média em AP foi superior em 31,6% (CI 95% 19,8,43,4; valor p<0,001). A integridade das placas vertebrais, articulações facetadas, articulações sacroilíacas, ligamento iliolombar e raízes de L5 e S1 foi mantida. Conclusão: A realização de iLIF L5S1 por via transilíaca é uma técnica cirúrgica viável. Permite que o cage seja colocado mais centrado no plano coronal sem comprometer a posição anterior no plano sagital. A integridade das principais estruturas anatómicas em risco foi preservada. Nível de Evidencia III: Estudo caso-controle.

Resumen: Objetivo: Demostrar la viabilidad de la fusión intersomática lumbar asistida por endoscopia (iLIF) en L5S1 con un abordaje transilíaco. Métodos: Se registraron las siguientes mediciones: distancias del abordaje transilíaco a la cresta ilíaca, la cresta ilíaca posterosuperior y el haz neurovascular glúteo superior; parámetros pélvicos; ángulos de abordaje; relación del punto medio lateral y AP del cage (CPR); porcentaje del cage que cruza la línea media en las incidencias AP y perfil. Se evaluó la integridad de las placas vertebrales por visualización endoscópica. Se comprobó la integridad de las articulaciones facetarias, las articulaciones sacroilíacas, el ligamento iliolumbar y las raíces de L5 y S1 mediante disección anatómica. Resultados: En la técnica transilíaca, los ángulos de abordaje axial y coronal fueron significativamente menores en 13,5° (IC 95% -15,5;-11,5; p<0,001) y 13,2º (IC 95% -15,3;-11,1); p<0,001 ), respectivamente, el ángulo de aproximación sagital aumentó significativamente en 5,4º (IC 95% 1,8,8,9; p = 0,008), y el AP CPR fue significativamente mayor (MD 0,16; IC 95% 0,12,0,20; p <0,001). El porcentaje del cage que cruzaba la línea media en AP era mayor en un 31,6% (IC 95% 19,8,43,4; valor p <0,001). Se mantuvo la integridad de las placas vertebrales, las articulaciones facetarias, las articulaciones sacroilíacas, el ligamento iliolumbar y las raíces de L5 y S1. Conclusión: La iLIF transilíaca L5S1 es una técnica quirúrgica viable. Permite colocar el cage más centrado en el plano coronal sin comprometer la posición anterior en el plano sagital. Se preservó la integridad de las principales estructuras anatómicas en riesgo. Nivel de evidencia III: Estudio de casos y controles.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the donor site morbidity of iliac and fibular nonvascularized bone graft after mandibular resection. Material and Methods: This study was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in PubMed, Proquest, Science Direct, and Ebsco. A total of 12 studies met the criteria of studies in humans using iliac and fibular nonvascularized bone grafts in mandibular reconstruction after mandibular resection. Results: A greater proportion of patients received iliac nonvascularized bone graft (88.9%) than fibular nonvascularized bone graft (11.1%). Of the 385 cases of iliac bone graft, 153 cases (40%) experienced complications at the iliac donor site, whereas in 48 cases of fibular bone graft, two (4%) experienced complications at the donor site. Hemorrhage, bone fracture, infection requiring debridement, and hematoma were the major complications. Conclusion: The morbidity rate of the nonvascularized bone graft donor site of the fibula (4%) tended to be lower than that of the ilium (40%). Patient age and defect size were not significantly correlated with the occurrence of morbidity donor sites in either the ilium or fibula.

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Los abscesos del psoas ilíaco secundarios a un tumor de colon fistulizado son excepcionales y potencialmente graves. La mayoría son adenocarcinomas de tipo mucinoso. Su tratamiento es complejo ya que, para lograr una resección oncológica pretendidamente curativa, es necesario realizar una resección ampliada con mayor morbimortalidad. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con un adenocarcinoma mucinoso de colon izquierdo fistulizado al músculo ilíaco y la pared anterolateral del abdomen en la que se realizó una resección multivisceral que incluyó el colon izquierdo, el músculo y la cresta ilíaca y parte de la pared anterolateral del abdomen.

Iliopsoas abscess secondary to perforation of colon cancer is an extremely rare and potentially life-threatening condition. Most tumors are mucinous adenocarcinomas. Its treatment its complex, as most patients need radical extended resections to achieve good oncological results, which are in turn, graved with higher morbidity and mortality. We present the case of a patient with a left colon mucinous adenocarcinoma penetrating to the iliopsoas muscle and the anterolateral abdominal wall that required a multivisceral resection including left colon, iliac muscle and crest and part of the anterolateral abdominal wall.

Abscessos do iliopsoas secundários a um tumor de cólon fistulizado são raros e potencialmente graves. A maioria são adenocarcinomas do tipo mucinoso. Seu tratamento é complexo, pois, para se obter uma ressecção oncológica supostamente curativa, é necessário realizar uma ressecção ampliada com maior morbimortalidade. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente com adenocarcinoma mucinoso de cólon esquerdo fistulizado para o músculo ilíaco e parede ântero-lateral do abdome no qual foi realizada ressecção multivisceral que incluiu cólon esquerdo, músculo e crista ilíaca e parte do a parede anterolateral do abdome.

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OBJECTIVE: to describe and measure the Bicrista Iliaca Pubo Angle (APBCI) as a new anthropometric parameter. Correlate the measurement with patients with giant incisional hernia (HIG), in the midline of the anterior abdominal wall (AAW). METHODS: measurement of APBCI, through 3D reconstruction from computed tomography (CT). Measurements performed by two observers, R and C, in 246 women and 60 men, normal adults, in order to obtain the APBCI measurement and its correlation in patients with HIG of the AAW. RESULTS: after sample calculations, the measurement of APBCI in men: 92.5+6.3º to 93.8+6.7º; in women: 90+6.7° to 94.3+6.8° [p-value 0.337(R)/0.628(C)]. The mean age was 57.9+15.9 years (22 to 91 years). Female gender 57+15.7 years (22 to 91 years) and male 61.7+16.5 years (23 to 89 years) p=0.067. As for the distribution of the ranges from 5 to 5 degrees, there is no difference in the distribution of the angle [p-value 0.455(R)/0.672(C)]. The correlation between age and angle showed that the higher the age, the higher the APBCI. There was no variability between angle measurements: 0.97 (95% CI 0.97; 0.98). In men with HIG, the average is between 108.3+5.37º (102.92º to 113.67º), and in women, 107.8+6.64 (101.16º to 114.44º). CONCLUSION: the study allowed us to conclude that HIG is not just an isolated AAW defect. Determines skeletal changes, as the APBCI is influenced by the distance of the iliac crests.

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RESUMEN La diverticulitis apendicular (DA) es una patología poco frecuente, considerada clínicamente indistinguible de la apendicitis aguda, aunque podría presentar una sintomatología más leve. Este es el caso de un paciente masculino de 59 años, que concurre al Servicio de Urgencias presentando signos y síntomas sugestivos de una apendicitis aguda; una ecografía informa un asa tubular parcialmente compresible de 7,8 mm de diámetro y una fina banda de líquido laminar, compatible con proceso apendicular agudo. La apendicectomía se realizó de manera convencional evidenciándose un apéndice inflamado principalmente en su región distal. La histología reveló diverticulitis apendicular complicada con rotura. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente y se externó a las 24 horas. Existe una asociación de DA y neoplasia apendicular, por lo que se recomienda una colonoscopia y el seguimiento de este tipo de pacientes.

ABSTRACT Appendiceal diverticulitis (AD) is a rare condition considered clinically identical to acute appendicitis although it may present milder symptoms. We report the case of a 59-year-old male patient who visited the emergency department due to signs and symptoms suggestive of acute appendicitis. An abdominal ultrasound showed partially compressible tubular loop with a diameter of 7.8 mm and a thin band of laminar fluid, consistent with acute appendiceal process. During conventional appendectomy the appendix had signs of inflammation, mainly in the distal region. The histology revealed appendiceal diverticulitis complicated with rupture. The patient had favorable outcome and was discharged 24 hours later. As, there is a clear association between AD and appendiceal neoplasms, colonoscopy and patient monitoring is recommended.

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Our study aimed to evaluate differences in outcomes of patients submitted to spinal fusion using different grafts measuring the effectiveness of spinal fusion rates, pseudarthrosis rates, and adverse events. Applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, this systematic review and meta-analysis identified 64 eligible articles. The main inclusion criteria were adult patients that were submitted to spinal fusion, autologous iliac crest (AIC), allograft (ALG), alloplastic (ALP; hydroxyapatite, rhBMP-2, rhBMP-7, or the association between them), and local bone (LB), whether in addition to metallic implants or not, was applied. We made a comparison among those groups to evaluate the presence of differences in outcomes, such as fusion rate, hospital stay, follow-up extension (6, 12, 24, and 48 months), pseudarthrosis rate, and adverse events. Sixty-four studies were identified. LB presented significantly higher proportions of fusion rates (95.3% CI 89.7-98.7) compared to the AIC (88.6% CI 84.8-91.9), ALG (87.8% CI 80.8-93.4), and ALP (85.8% CI 75.7-93.5) study groups. Pseudarthrosis presented at a significantly lower pooled proportion of ALG studies (4.8% CI 0.1-15.7) compared to AIC (8.6% CI 4.2-14.2), ALP (7.1% CI 0.9-18.2), and LB (10.3% CI 1.8-24.5). ALP and AIC studies described significantly more cases of adverse events (80 events/404 patients and 860 events/2001 patients, respectively) compared to LB (20 events/311 patients) and ALG (73 events/459 patients). Most studies presented high risk-of-bias scores. Based on fusion rates and adverse events proportions, LB showed a superior trend among the graft cases we analyzed. However, our review revealed highly heterogeneous data and a need for more rigorous studies to better address and assist surgeons' choices of the best spinal grafts.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine what size S1-transsacral (TS) corridor is amenable to TS screw placement, as this is commonly used to identify sacral dysmorphism, and to determine if gender, ethnicity, or screw breach is associated with narrow corridors. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Urban level-1 trauma center. PATIENTS: Two hundred ninety patients with pelvic ring injuries and preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans. INTERVENTION: Percutaneous posterior pelvic ring fixation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The width of the S1-TS corridor was measured on the axial (inlet) and coronal (outlet) reformatted CT images. Patients with S1-TS screw fixation and postoperative CT scans were identified. Corridor size, gender, ethnicity, and screw breach were documented. RESULTS: S1-TS screws were placed in 55 of the 290 patients. No S1-TS screws were placed in corridors less than 8 mm. Corridors of <8 mm were present in 114 (39%) of the 290 patients and were not associated with gender or ethnicity. S1-TS screws placed in small (<10 mm) versus large (≥10 mm) corridors did not have a detectable difference in screw breaches (5 of 8, 62% versus 19 of 47 40%; difference, 22%, 95% confidence interval -14% to 52%) or median (interquartile range) screw breach distance [3 mm (2.5-4.8) versus 3 mm (1.2-4.8); difference, 0.9 mm; confidence interval -1.6 to 2.2]. CONCLUSION: These data are useful for the standardization of sacral dysmorphism reporting based on corridor size. Screw breaches were common irrespective of TS corridor size, emphasizing the small degree of error allowed by this procedure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal estimar a incidência de alterações postural em indivíduos participantes da ação social UNIG Portas Abertas, ocorrida no campus da Universidade Iguaçu, novembro de 2018 e maio de 2019. É um estudo transversal e descritivo. Foram avaliados 75 indivíduos. A avaliação postural foi realizada através do posturógrafo, com os participantes em posição ortostática, com os pés descalços e cabelos presos. As análises foram feitas na vista anterior, posterior e lateral. Os resultados mostraram que 89,5% da amostra apresentou algum tipo de alteração postural. As principais alterações posturais encontradas foram: desvio na altura das mãos (52,6%), hiperlordose lombar (47,3%), desvio na altura da crista ilíaca, gibosidade torácica, ombro retraído e joelho recurvatum (36,8%). (AU)

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Background: Coxofemoral dislocation is uncommon in large animals, due to anatomical particularities that provide greater stability to this joint. The most common causes of hip dislocation in large animals are related to hypocalcemia, mount trauma, sudden falls on hard surfaces or dystocia. Treatment can be performed by closed reduction, but the reported results are not satisfactory with complications. Several surgical techniques have already been described and successfully used in small animals in the treatment of hip dislocation. The present work aims to describe the technique and the result of the iliofemoral suture in the treatment of hip dislocation in a Girolando heifer. Case: A heifer was attended with a history of difficulty in getting up. According to the owner, the clinical manifestation was sudden, after remaining in a paddock with other animals of different age groups. The calf had reduced skin sensitivity on the croup, and it was impossible to remain in the quadrupedal position, often remaining in sternal recumbency with the left pelvic limb in extension. From the clinical examination, spinal cord injury was suspected and clinical treatment was instituted with dexamethasone, vitamins B1, B12 and dimethylsulfoxide. At the end of the clinical treatment, the animal did not show a favorable evolution, so radiographic examination of the coxofemoral region was performed, revealing dislocation of the left femoral head, indicating surgical correction. Xylazine was administered as pre-anesthetic medication, followed by anesthetic induction with midazolam associated with ketamine, followed by orotracheal intubation. Anesthetic maintenance was instituted with isoflurane and monitoring was performed with a multiparameter monitor. An epidural block was performed with bupivacaine and morphine. A craniolateral approach to the left hip joint was performed. After the dislocation was reduced, sutures were used to better stabilize the joint in question. Following the evolution of the surgical procedure, it was possible to confirm that the femoral head remained in place. After 15 days, the skin stitches were removed and the animal was discharged from the hospital and returned to its original property. The calf was asked to remain in the stall for at least 60 days, gradually releasing it into larger spaces and only after 120 days could it remain in the paddock with other animals. During three months, the tutor was consulted about the evolution of the condition, reporting that the animal was clinically well, being able to get up and walk without difficulty and with a mild degree of lameness, thus suggesting the success of the surgical procedure. Discussion: There are few studies of successful surgical treatments of hip dislocation in large animals, and that number is even smaller when considering cattle alone. It is believed that this is due to difficulties related to the surgical technique and to postoperative handling, given the animal's weight. The iliofemoral suture technique performed on the animal in the present study is commonly employed in small animals, and excellent results have been observed. However, reports on the use of this technique in large animals have not been found. The iliofemoral suture technique has advantages over other reported surgical techniques in cattle. When compared to the femoral head and neck resection, the iliofemoral suture has several advantages, as it allows preservation of the joint and achievement of superior biomechanical results. When compared to the technique of reinforcement of the joint capsule with synthetic material, also reported in cattle, the iliofemoral suture appears to be faster, simpler and more economic, and provides similar stability. We conclude that the iliofemoral suture proved to be a satisfactory alternative for the treatment of hip dislocations in young cattle.

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Background: Pelvic fractures are commonly ecountered in cats. The ilium is included in approximately 50% of pelvic fractures in cats. Although conservative management of the pelvic fracture is known to have good prognosis, surgical fixation is recommended for the pelvic fracture with ilial fractures. 3D printing is an accurate digital modeling method by converting two-dimensional (2D) images into 3D model. 3D printing in veterinary medicine has been described in the various orthopedic diseases such angular limb deformities or fractures. The use of 3D model for presurgical planning is helpful to improve the results of complex surgical interventions. The objective of this study is to identify the usefulness of fabricating 3D models based on allogenic 2D data with aid of 3D printer program. Case: A 4-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat presented with hindlimb lameness. Radiography revealed left ilial body fracture with multiple fractures including left tuber ischium, pubic symphysis, and bilateral cranial ramuses of pubis. Digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) files of the complete ilium were extracted from a computed tomography (CT) scan of a healthy and castrated male cat of same breed. Volume rendering images were prepared by Slicer program based on DICOM files. After acquired 3D data were converted to STL (Standard Triangulation Language) file for the 3D printing machine, non-fracture involved area was removed except the left ilium using the Meshmixer® software and then data was stored as STL files again. The length of 3D model was adjusted to actual size using 3D printer firmware based on actual size of the ilial length. Subsequently, 3D modelling was performed using 3D printer. The plate was precontoured to conform to the lateral surface of the 3D model. Internal fixation using precontoured plate resulted in accurate bone alignment. The alignment of the ilium remained appropriate throughtout the follow-up period. Complete union was identified 6 months after surgery. Discussion: Although the most common method for the ilial fractures is the application of bone plates to the lateral side of the ilium, bone plate fixation is more challenging in cats owing to the small bone size and small surface area of the fracture sites compared to dogs. Therefore, it is important to make accurate presurgical planning for successful result of a surgery. 3D printing based on actual patient have several limitations including time for complete printing process and additional anesthetic episode to acquire CT images. However, in simple cases, a presurgical CT scan may not be necessary if the plate can be precisely precontured based on the data from the other patient. In this way, the additional financial burden for CT examination also might be reduced. On the other hand, technical difficulty of utilizing hardware and software, and financial availability were another drawback. However, in this current study, most of limitations regarding conventional 3D printing based on actual patient were overcome by the application of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology with allogenic data. In the current study, total time for fabrication of 3D model based on FDM technology, was less than 3 h, which are much shorter than the time for conventional 3D printing. The difference of the ilial length between the actual patient and the 3D model was adjusted through the firmware program. Thus, differences of the conformation or size between the 3D model and the ilium of the patient was negligible during the surgery, although 2D images were not acquired from actual patient. Intraoperative contouring of the plate was not required. In conclusion, through presurgical plate contouring by the 3D bone template based on non-patient specific data, successful treatment of the ilial fracture was possible.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of the evaluation of the pelvic obliquity (PO) in patients with neuro-muscular deformities via the method that uses the iliac crests and the method that uses the upper endplate of S1 and to determine whe ther there is a relationship between the methods. Methods: The digitized panoramic radiographies of thirty patients with cerebral paralysis or myelomeningocelein outpatient monitoring were evaluated by four examiners: two experienced spinal surgeons and two fellows. Two radiographs were excluded because analysis was impossible. All exams were obtained in accordance with the periodic monitoring protocol in the sitting position, using digitized film and a film-focus distance of 110 cm Results: High intra- and inter-observer agreement was observed both for method that uses the iliac crests and the method that evaluates the S1 endplate. However, no significant relationship between the two methods was observed. Conclusions: The methods evaluated had good reproducibility and agreement among the observers. It was confirmed that, on account of the existent linear relation, it is possible to estimate the value of the iliac crest method knowing the value obtained by the S1 plateau multiplied by 0.76. There was no agreement between the iliac crest and S1 plateau PO evaluation methods. Level of evidence IV; Retrospective cross-sectional study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a reprodutibilidade intra e interobservadores da avaliação da obliquidade pélvica (OP) nos pacientes com deformidades neuromusculares pelo método que usa as cristas ilíacas e pelo método que usa o platô superior de S1e avaliar se há relação entre os métodos. Métodos: Trinta radiografias panorâmicas digitalizadas de pacientes com paralisia cerebral e mielomeningocele acompanhados em ambulatório foram avaliadas por quatro examinadores, sendo dois cirurgiões de coluna experientes e doisfellows. Foram excluídas duas radiografias que impossibilitavam a análise. Todos os exames foram obtidos conforme protocolo de acompanhamento periódico, na posição sentada, em filme digitalizado e distância foco-filme de 110 cm. Resultados: Observou-se alta concordância intra e interobservadores tanto do método que usa as cristas ilíacas quanto do método que avalia o platô de S1. No entanto, não foi observada relação significativa entre os dois métodos. Conclusões: Os métodos avaliados apresentam boa reprodutibilidade e concordância entre os observadores. Verificou-se que, por conta da relação linear existente, é possível estimar o valor do método das cristas ilíacas conhecendo o valor obtido pelo método do platô de S1 multiplicado por 0,76. Não houve concordância entre o método de avaliação da OP pelas cristas ilíacas em comparação com o método de avaliação pelo platô de S1. Nível de evidência IV; Estudo transversal retrospectivo.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar la reproducibilidad intra e interobservador de la evaluación de la oblicuidad pélvica (OP) en pacientes con deformidades neuromusculares por el método que utiliza las crestas ilíacas y por el método que utiliza la meseta superior de S1 y evaluar si existe una relación entre los métodos. Métodos: Treinta radiografías panorámicas digitales de pacientes con parálisis cerebral y mielomeningocele acompañadosen clínica ambulatoria fueron evaluados por cuatro examinadores, dos cirujanosde columna de vasta experiencia y dos fellows. Se excluyeron dos radiografías porque imposibilitaban el análisis. Todos los exámenes se obtuvieron según el protocolo de acompañamiento periódico, en posición sentada, sobre película digitalizada y distancia foco-película de 110 cm. Resultados: Se observó una alta concordancia intra e interobservador tanto en el método que utiliza las crestas ilíacas como en el que evalúa la meseta de S1. Sin embargo no se observó ninguna relación significativa entre los dos métodos. Conclusiones: Los métodos evaluados presentaron buena reproducibilidad y concordancia entre los observadores. Se observó que, debido a la relación lineal existente, es posible estimar el valor del método de las crestas ilíacas conociendo el valor obtenido por el método demeseta de S1 multiplicado por 0,76. No hubo concordancia entre el método de evaluación de la OP por las crestas ilíacas en comparación conel método de evaluación por meseta de S1. Nivel de evidencia IV; Estudio transversal retrospectivo.

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Introducción: La fractura de un hueso se define como la solución de continuidad de cierta porción ósea. Las fracturas diafisarias representan un bajo porcentaje de todas las fracturas, y el hueso tibial es el más afectado, debido a su escasa vascularidad, poca protección y existencia de diversos factores que hacen más propensos algunos problemas como pseudoartrosis y osteomielitis, que complican el tratamiento. Objetivo: Demostrar la eficacia de los resultados clínicos funcionales con la cura quirúrgica de pseudoartrosis infectada de diáfisis tibial con aporte de injerto óseo heterólogo de cadáver, y autoinjerto cortical esponjoso de cresta iliaca. Presentación del caso: Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 42 años que ingresa con diagnóstico de fractura expuesta II postraumática. Se realiza fijación externa en 2 ocasiones, con un intervalo de 6 días para corrección de valgo. El paciente se ausenta de sus controles clínicos y reingresa después de 10 meses aproximadamente por diagnóstico de pseudoartrosis atrófica infectada de tibia izquierda, según clasificación anatómica de Cierny-Mader IV. Se hospitaliza para cura quirúrgica y reconstrucción con aloinjerto óseo y autoinjerto de cresta iliaca, lo que da lugar a la consolidación y controles favorables. Actualmente el paciente ha recuperado la funcionalidad de su pierna izquierda, y queda como secuela una fístula con exposición de aloinjerto. Conclusiones: La cura quirúrgica de pseudoartrosis infectada de diáfisis tibial con aporte de injerto óseo heterólogo de cadáver, y autoinjerto cortical esponjoso de cresta iliaca presenta buenos resultados clínicos y funcionales, lo que constituye un método eficaz(AU)

Introduction: The fracture of a bone is defined as the solution of continuity of a certain bone portion. Diaphyseal fractures represent a low percentage of all fractures, and the tibial bone is the most affected, due to its scarce vascularity, little protection and the existence of various factors that make them more prone to some problems such as pseudoarthrosis and osteomyelitis, which complicate treatment. Objective: To demonstrate the efficacy of functional clinical results with the surgical cure of infected pseudoarthrosis of the tibial shaft with the contribution of heterologous cadaveric bone graft, and cortical cancellous autograft of the iliac crest. Case report: The case of a 42-year-old male patient admitted with a diagnosis of post-traumatic exposed fracture II is reported here. External fixation was performed on 2 occasions, with an interval of 6 days for valgus correction. The patient was absent from his clinical check-ups and was readmitted after approximately 10 months due to a diagnosis of infected atrophic nonunion of the left tibia, according to the anatomical classification of Cierny-Mader IV. He was hospitalized for surgical cure and reconstruction with bone allograft and iliac crest autograft, resulting in consolidation and favorable controls. Currently, the patient has recovered the functionality of his left leg, and a fistula with allograft exposure remains. Conclusions: Surgical treatment of infected tibial shaft pseudoarthrosis with provision of heterologous cadaveric bone graft and cortical cancellous autograft of iliac crest presents good clinical and functional results, which constitutes an effective method(AU)

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Hip femoral head fractures are extremely uncommon, but likely associated with traumatic hip dislocations. Both lesions require emergent treatment to avoid further complications.19-year-old male patient was received after a high-energy motor vehicle accident with severe brain and thoraco-abdominal trauma and a displaced femoral head fracture with posterior hip dislocation with no acetabular fracture. An emergent open reduction and internal fixation with 2 headless screws was performed, as well as posterior capsule repair. After 1 month as an inpatient in Intensive Care Unit, he sustained a new episode of posterior hip dislocation. Consequently, a second successful surgical reduction was obtained, and hip stability was achieved by posterior reconstruction with iliac crest autograft fixed with cannulated screw and posterior structure repair. Two years later, he was able to walk independently and he does not present any signs of degenerative joint disease nor avascular necrosis.

Las fracturas de la cabeza femoral son extremadamente raras y están asociadas comúnmente con una luxación de cadera traumática. Ambas lesiones requieren tratamiento urgente con el objetivo de evitar complicaciones posteriores. Un paciente varón de 19 años fue trasladado tras un accidente de tráfico de alta energía en el que sufrió un traumatismo craneoencefálico y toracoabdominal grave, además de una fractura de cabeza femoral desplazada junto a una luxación posterior de cadera sin afectación acetabular. De manera urgente, fue intervenido mediante una reducción abierta y fijación interna de la fractura con dos tornillos canulados sin cabeza y reparación de la cápsula articular posterior. Tras un mes de ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, sufrió un nuevo episodio de luxación posterior de cadera. Debido a ello, se realiza una segunda intervención quirúrgica con reducción abierta y en la que se obtiene una adecuada estabilidad de la cadera mediante reconstrucción posterior con la adición de autoinjerto tricortical de cresta ilíaca y reparación capsular posterior. Después de dos años de seguimiento, el paciente deambula de manera independiente, sin dolor y sin signos degenerativos ni de necrosis avascular en las pruebas de imagen.

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Primary implant stability is a prerequisite for successful implant osseointegration. The osseodensification technique (OD) is a non-subtractive drilling technique that preserves the bone tissue, increases osteotomy wall density, and improves the primary stability. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that OD, through a wider osteotomy, produces healing chambers (HCs) at the implant-bone interface without impacting low-density bone primary stability. Twenty implants (3.5 × 10 mm) with a nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) surface were inserted in the ilium of ten sheep. Implant beds were prepared as follows: (i) 2.7-mm-wide using subtractive conventional drilling (SCD) technique (n = 10); (ii) 3.8-mm-wide using an OD bur system (n = 10). The sheep were randomized to two groups, with samples collected at either 14-(n = 5) or 28-days (n = 5) post-surgery and processed for histological and histomorphometric evaluation of bone-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO). No significant group differences were found with respect to final insertion torque and implant stability quotient (p > 0.050). BIC values were higher for SCD after 14 and 28 days (p < 0.050); however, BAFO values were similar (p > 0.050). It was possible to conclude that the OD technique allowed a wider implant bed preparation without prejudice on primary stability and bone remodeling.

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Lumbar and para-iliac hernias are rare and occur after removal of an iliac bone graft, nephrectomies, retroperitoneal aortic surgery, or after blunt trauma to the abdomen. The incidence of hernia after the removal of these grafts ranges from 0.5 to 10%. These hernias are a problem that surgeons will face, since bone grafts from the iliac crest are being used more routinely. The goal of this article was to report the technique to correct these complex hernias, using the technique of fixing the propylene mesh to the iliac bone and the result of this approach. In the period of 5 years, 165 patients were treated at the complex hernia service, 10 (6%) with hernia in the supra-iliac and lumbar region, managed with the technique of fixing the mesh to the iliac bone with correction of the failure. During the mean follow-up of 33 months (minimum of 2 and maximum of 48 months), there was no recurrence of the hernias.

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Os defeitos ósseos nos maxilares podem ser causados por patologias como ameloblastoma, carcinoma de células escamosas e sarcomas, bem como, por traumatismos faciais que vão desde acidentes de trânsito a agressões por arma de fogo. As reconstruções de tais defeitos ósseos não deverão apenas devolver a anatomia e contorno da região, mas também, restabelecer a estética e função. A escolha do melhor tipo de enxerto para reconstrução mandibular deverá ser feita de acordo com a característica do defeito e, principalmente, a observação do seu tamanho. O presente trabalho relata o caso clínico de um paciente que procurou o serviço de CTBMF do Hospital da Restauração, queixando-se de deformidade em terço inferior de face após agressão por projétil de arma de fogo (PAF) há, aproximadamente, 2 anos. Ao exame físico apresentava perda de continuidade óssea em região de parassínfise mandibular direita, oclusão pouco funcional e com prometimento funcional. Para o caso foi proposta cirurgia para reconstrução do defeito mandibular com enxerto livre de crista ilíaca. Diante disso, um diagnóstico preciso, planejamento minucioso e boa execução da técnica de reconstrução mandibular com enxerto livre de crista ilíaca proporcionam resultados estéticos satisfatórios, contorno e volume ósseos adequados possibilitando um restabelecimento funcional da área receptora... (AU)

Bone defects in the jaws can be caused by pathologies such as ameloblastoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and sarcomas, as well as facial trauma ranging from traffic accidents to gunshot wounds. Reconstructions of such bone defects should not only restore the anatomy and contour of the region, but also restore aesthetics and function. The choice of the best graft type for mandibular reconstruction should be made according to the characteristic of the defect and, especially, the observation of its size. The present study reports the clinical case of a patient who sought the CTBMF service of the Hospital da Restauração, complaining of deformity in the lower third of the face after aggression by FAP for approximately 2 years. Physical examination showed loss of bone segment in a region of right mandibular paresis, malocclusion and functional impairment. For the case, surgery was proposed to reconstruct the mandibular defect with free iliac crest graft. Therefore, a precise diagnosis, careful planning and good execution of the mandibular reconstruction technique with free iliac crest graft provide satisfactory aesthetic results, adequate bone contour and volume allowing a functional reestablishment of the receiver area... (AU)

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