RESUMEN
Most nurses will encounter patients with dry skin conditions such as atopic eczema and psoriasis in their everyday practice. Emollients can be beneficial for most dry skin conditions, although they are widely underused. Increased knowledge and awareness of the benefits and optimal use of emollient therapy can improve patient care and outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Dermatitis/enfermería , Emolientes , Ictiosis/enfermería , Dermatitis/terapia , Emolientes/efectos adversos , Humanos , Ictiosis/terapiaRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: The skin of preterm infants is anatomically and physiologically premature. This quality of the skin as well as the need for intensive monitoring and treatment/care represent additional stress factors for the integrity of the babies' skin. The babies have an increased vulnerability and risk of skin injuries. Therefore, during the first two to three weeks of life observation of the premature skin is of utmost importance. Ritualistic activities have to be questioned. This is particularly true for infants who are born before 28 weeks of pregnancy. This systematic literature review investigates the effectiveness of nursing interventions in the skin care and protection of the premature infants born earlier than the 32nd week of pregnancy. A systematic literature-search in different databases addressed the following topics: Skin-assessment, selection and use of adhesives, skin care with emollients, and body cleaning (wash interval). Despite certain methodological problems with some of the studies included in this review the following results can be formulated: Based on altered infant behaviour and the skin's continuously high population of germs the interval of bathing should be enhanced to four days. During the first two to four weeks of life the application of sun flower oil is recommended. It has a disinfecting effect and is relatively cheap. Potential preventive or protective dressings of the skin are recommended. Similarly both the utilisation of a valid skin assessment instrument and of preventive measures are inevitable. CONCLUSION: Evidence-based knowledge of the needs and care of premature skin could reduce complications during the neonatal phase and therefore health care costs. The implementation of a standardised, evidence-based skin care guideline could raise the health professionals' awareness in of skin care needs in this vulnerable patient group.
Asunto(s)
Ictiosis/enfermería , Enfermedades del Prematuro/enfermería , Cuidados de la Piel/enfermería , Enfermedades de la Piel/enfermería , Vendajes , Baños , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Aceites de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Aceite de GirasolRESUMEN
This article examines the physiological changes that occur in the skin with advancing age that make it more prone to skin problems. Examples of common skin disorders that may affect older people are provided. Intrinsic factors such as a genetic tendency to eczema, and extrinsic factors such as the effects of sun damage and general poor health can both affect the skin of older people. The management of dry skin conditions in this age group is investigated and the value of emollient therapy, involving the use of bath emollients, soap substitutes and leave-on emollient lotions, creams or ointments, is discussed.
Asunto(s)
Ictiosis/enfermería , Cuidados de la Piel , Enfermedades de la Piel/enfermería , Anciano , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Emolientes/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Ictiosis/etiología , Ictiosis/fisiopatología , Enfermedades de la Piel/complicaciones , Enfermedades de la Piel/fisiopatología , Várices/complicaciones , Várices/enfermeríaRESUMEN
Dry skin (xerosis) is a common problem, and ranges from mild dryness through to severe dryness and skin breakdown. The use of emollients continues to be the main therapeutic approach to this problem. However, patients and healthcare professionals do not always appreciate the importance of emollient therapy, and are faced with an overwhelming choice of products. This article aims to review skin barrier function and hydration, the factors causing dry skin and some of the issues that surround the use of emollients.
Asunto(s)
Emolientes , Ictiosis/terapia , Humanos , Ictiosis/enfermería , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
AIM: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the best available evidence regarding the effectiveness of topical skin care interventions for residents of aged care facilities. INTRODUCTION: Natural changes to skin, as well as increased predisposition to pressure sores and incontinence, means residents of aged care facilities readily require topical skin care. A range of interventions exist that aim to maintain or improve the integrity of skin of older adults. METHODS: Pubmed, Embase, Current Contents, CINAHL and The Cochrane Library databases were searched, as well as Health Technology Assessment websites up to April 2003. Systematic reviews and randomized or non-randomized controlled trials were evaluated for quality and data were independently extracted by two reviewers. RESULTS: The effectiveness of topical skin interventions was variable and dependent on the skin condition being treated. Studies examined the effectiveness of washing products on incontinence irritated skin. Disposable bodyworns may prevent deterioration of skin condition better than non-disposable underpads or bodyworns. Clinisan, a no-rinse cleanser may reduce the incidence of incontinence associated pressure ulcers when compared with soap and water. CONCLUSION: In general the quality of evidence for interventions to improve or maintain the skin condition in the older person was poor and more research in this area is needed. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Skin care is a major issue for nurses working with older people. On the basis of this review no clear recommendations can be made. This lack of strong evidence for nurses to base effective practice decisions is problematic. However, the 'best' evidence suggests that disposable bodyworns are a good investment in the fight against skin deterioration. No rinse cleansers are to be preferred over soap and the use of the bag bath appears to be a useful practice to reduce the risk of dry skin (a risk factor for breaches in skin integrity).
Asunto(s)
Hogares para Ancianos , Casas de Salud , Cuidados de la Piel/enfermería , Anciano , Dermatitis/enfermería , Dermatitis/terapia , Humanos , Ictiosis/enfermería , Ictiosis/terapia , Laceraciones/enfermería , Laceraciones/terapia , Úlcera por Presión/enfermería , Úlcera por Presión/terapiaAsunto(s)
Enfermería Geriátrica/métodos , Ictiosis/enfermería , Enfermeras Practicantes , Prurito/enfermería , Anciano , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Enfermería Geriátrica/normas , Humanos , Ictiosis/diagnóstico , Ictiosis/etiología , Enfermeras Practicantes/normas , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Prurito/diagnóstico , Prurito/etiología , Factores de Riesgo , Cuidados de la Piel/métodos , Cuidados de la Piel/enfermeríaAsunto(s)
Adaptación Psicológica , Neoplasias de la Mama/enfermería , Neoplasias de la Mama/psicología , Cristianismo/psicología , Relaciones Interpersonales , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/psicología , Cuidados de la Piel/métodos , Cuidado Terminal/psicología , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Ictiosis/enfermería , Relaciones Enfermero-Paciente , Aceites Volátiles/uso terapéutico , Salicilatos/uso terapéutico , Cuidados de la Piel/enfermería , Cuidado Terminal/métodos , Terpenos/uso terapéutico , TactoAsunto(s)
Baños/instrumentación , Baños/psicología , Emolientes/uso terapéutico , Ictiosis/prevención & control , Ictiosis/psicología , Satisfacción del Paciente , Poloxámero/uso terapéutico , Cuidados de la Piel/instrumentación , Cuidados de la Piel/psicología , Tensoactivos/uso terapéutico , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Baños/enfermería , Investigación en Enfermería Clínica , Femenino , Evaluación Geriátrica , Enfermería Geriátrica/instrumentación , Humanos , Ictiosis/clasificación , Ictiosis/etiología , Ictiosis/enfermería , Cuidados a Largo Plazo , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Evaluación en Enfermería , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Cuidados de la Piel/enfermería , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de la Piel/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Piel/terapia , Anciano , Dermatitis/enfermería , Dermatomicosis/enfermería , Enfermería Geriátrica/métodos , Humanos , Ictiosis/enfermería , Evaluación de Necesidades , Rol de la Enfermera , Prevalencia , Escabiosis/enfermería , Cuidados de la Piel/métodos , Enfermedades de la Piel/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Piel/etiologíaRESUMEN
The skin serves many purposes, acting as a barrier to infection, protecting internal organs, contributing to temperature regulation, storing insulating fats, excreting electrolytes and water, and providing tactile sensory input. This article focuses on a review of normal skin structure and function and selected neonatal skin disorders. The disorders reviewed are Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, epidermolysis bullosa, and the ichthyoses. The basis for each skin disorder is presented. Nursing management and skin care are incorporated into the review of each selected disorder.
Asunto(s)
Enfermería Neonatal/métodos , Cuidados de la Piel/métodos , Enfermedades de la Piel/enfermería , Epidermólisis Ampollosa/enfermería , Epidermólisis Ampollosa/terapia , Humanos , Ictiosis/enfermería , Ictiosis/terapia , Recién Nacido , Cuidados de la Piel/enfermería , Enfermedades de la Piel/terapia , Síndrome Estafilocócico de la Piel Escaldada/enfermería , Síndrome Estafilocócico de la Piel Escaldada/terapiaRESUMEN
Water, absorbed through bathing, will hydrate skin but will rapidly be lost to evaporation unless a topical occlusive agent is applied to prevent moisture loss through the skin. The frequency of bathing (at least 5 times or more weekly) is more important than the mode of bathing (tub vs. shower) in effectively treating dry skin. In addition to the elements critical to prevention of dry skin through bathing practices, environmental humidity and fluid intake must be therapeutic.
Asunto(s)
Ictiosis/enfermería , Cuidados de la Piel/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Baños/métodos , Femenino , Enfermería Geriátrica/métodos , Humanos , Humedad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Conditions of cornification, such as eczema, ichthyosis and psoriasis, are a complex group of genetic, dry, scaly skin diseases. Without appropriate care, individuals with these conditions face a life of limited productivity and social interaction because of their disabilities and disfigurements. Consistent, meticulous interventions are needed to address the potential for infection, dehydration/malnutrition, ineffective thermoregulation, impaired physical mobility, potential for comfort, alteration in parenting, and psychosocial concerns of these patients. The objective of this article is to acquaint healthcare professionals with the unique challenges faced by these patients and their families so that quality of life and patient outcomes can be improved.
Asunto(s)
Eccema/enfermería , Ictiosis/enfermería , Psoriasis/enfermería , Niño , Humanos , Diagnóstico de Enfermería , Grupos de AutoayudaRESUMEN
The Ichthyosis are a family of genetic skin diseases characterized by dry, thickened, scaling skin. Harlequin Fetus is the most rare and severe form of congenital ichthyosis. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. In this particular case study a Harlequin Fetus, who is now an 8 year old child, is described from birth to present. His skin care is detailed for others to understand that the diseases of cornification can be managed successfully with meticulous and consistent care.
Asunto(s)
Ictiosis/enfermería , Cuidados de la Piel , Niño , Humanos , Ictiosis/complicaciones , Ictiosis/psicología , Masculino , Pronóstico , Calidad de VidaAsunto(s)
Ictiosis/enfermería , Humanos , Ictiosis/complicaciones , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Sepsis/complicacionesRESUMEN
A pilot study was conducted to isolate the clinical indicators of dry skin in the elderly, test an instrument used to measure dry skin, analyze the importance of factors thought to contribute to dry skin, test the effectiveness of an intervention for treating dry skin, and determine the feasibility of clinical implementation of the protocol. The sample included 15 elderly long-term care residents with a nursing and medical diagnosis of dry skin. Although the small sample size limits interpretation of findings, there is some evidence that scaling and flaking may be indicators of skin dryness. Subjects received the bathing intervention for 6 weeks and were assessed every 2 weeks during the 6-week periods before, during, and after intervention (nine data collection points). Analysis of the nine repeated measures of skin dryness indicated significantly reduced total dryness (p = .031), redness (p = .001), scaling (p = .007), and flaking (p = .002) over time. Post hoc comparisons, interrater agreement on the Skin Condition Data Form, and categorical variables were analyzed. Findings from this study will be used to generate further hypotheses.