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This article presents the plans for a lazaretto in the city of São Paulo in the mid-nineteenth century. It consists of the transcription and analysis of an opinion prepared by the physician Ernesto Benedicto Ottoni, addressed to the president of the province of São Paulo. The article includes an analysis of the plans for the building, bearing in mind the prevailing miasma theory; the contemporary conceptions of leprosy treatment, especially beliefs regarding the transmissibility of the disease; and the physician's idealization of the routines for the treatment, work, leisure, and recovery of patients.

O trabalho a seguir objetiva apresentar o projeto de estabelecimento de um lazareto para morféticos na cidade de São Paulo em meados do século XIX. Trata-se da transcrição e análise de um parecer elaborado pelo médico Ernesto Benedicto Ottoni e endereçado ao presidente da província de São Paulo. Analisamos os planos da construção do prédio, principalmente levando em consideração a teoria dos miasmas; concepções sobre as terapêuticas da lepra na época, sobretudo quanto à transmissibilidade da doença; e, por fim, a idealização do médico acerca das rotinas de tratamento, trabalho, lazer e recuperação dos doentes.

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Introducción: En Cuba, la lucha contra la COVID-19 ha sido tarea de todos los que están relacionados a la atención sanitaria, con su consagración continúa, exponiendo sus capacidades y habilidades profesionales en el tratamiento y atención especializadas a los pacientes hospitalizados. Objetivo: Valorar las principales vivencias del personal de salud que trabajó en las zonas rojas, en los centros de aislamiento con casos sospechosos y positivos a la COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo. Para realizar el análisis de las vivencias se aplicaron las técnicas de entrevista y observación. Se trabajó con una muestra de 43 sujetos, de ellos se seleccionaron 17 médicos, 10 enfermeras, siete técnicos y nueve del personal de servicio que participaron en los centros de aislamiento. Resultados: Las vivencias del personal de salud que laboraron en las zonas rojas se basaron en la expresión de los sentimientos, emociones, relaciones interpersonales, percepción de riesgo y vivencias únicas durante la labor realizada. Los principales sentimientos y emociones fueron: alegría, cooperación, altruismo, apoyo, gratitud, admiración, compromiso y las negativas fueron: miedo, ansiedad, estrés, depresión, rechazo y desesperanza en menor medida. Las relaciones interpersonales se desarrollaron en colaboración y aprendizaje grupal, la percepción de riesgo fue alto por la carga viral de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Las vivencias de los sujetos investigados se expresaron en manifestaciones negativas al principio del tratamiento con los pacientes y evolucionaron hasta la conversión a estados positivos que permitieron elevar la calidad del trabajo realizado(AU)

Introduction: In Cuba, the fight against COVID-19 has been a task for everyone related to healthcare, with their continuous consecration, showing their professional capacities and skills in the specialized treatment of and care for hospitalized patients. Objective: To assess the main experiences of the health personnel who worked in red zones, in isolation centers, with suspected or positive cases of COVID-19. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out. The interview and observation techniques were used to analyze the experiences. The sample consisted of 43 subjects, of whom 17 physicians, 10 nurses, 7 technicians and 9 service employees who participated in isolation centers were selected. Results: The experiences of the health personnel who worked in the red zones were based on the expression of feelings, emotions, interpersonal relationships, perception of risk, and unique experiences during the work performed. The main feelings and emotions were joy, cooperation, altruism, support, gratitude, admiration, commitment; while the negative ones were fear, anxiety, stress, depression, rejection, and hopelessness to a lesser extent. Interpersonal relationships were developed in collaboration and group learning, while the perception of risk was high due to the viral load of the disease. Conclusions: The experiences of the studied subjects were expressed through negative events at the beginning of involvement with patients, and evolved until conversion to positive states that allowed raising the quality of the work performed(AU)

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Resumo O trabalho a seguir objetiva apresentar o projeto de estabelecimento de um lazareto para morféticos na cidade de São Paulo em meados do século XIX. Trata-se da transcrição e análise de um parecer elaborado pelo médico Ernesto Benedicto Ottoni e endereçado ao presidente da província de São Paulo. Analisamos os planos da construção do prédio, principalmente levando em consideração a teoria dos miasmas; concepções sobre as terapêuticas da lepra na época, sobretudo quanto à transmissibilidade da doença; e, por fim, a idealização do médico acerca das rotinas de tratamento, trabalho, lazer e recuperação dos doentes.

Abstract This article presents the plans for a lazaretto in the city of São Paulo in the mid-nineteenth century. It consists of the transcription and analysis of an opinion prepared by the physician Ernesto Benedicto Ottoni, addressed to the president of the province of São Paulo. The article includes an analysis of the plans for the building, bearing in mind the prevailing miasma theory; the contemporary conceptions of leprosy treatment, especially beliefs regarding the transmissibility of the disease; and the physician's idealization of the routines for the treatment, work, leisure, and recovery of patients.

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Analisa o papel das Delegacias de Saúde e do Hospital de Isolamento de Mont'Serrat, no processo da Reforma Sanitária que ocorreu na Bahia na década de 1920

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Introducción: La conversión de diversas edificaciones como centros hospitalarios para la atención médica a pacientes con COVID-19 es una solución necesaria ante la alta demanda de casos y limitación de camas hospitalarias. Objetivo: Determinar las lecciones aprendidas y los puntos de mejora en el proceso de atención médica del Centro Integral de Atención Provisional para Pacientes Moderados con COVID-19 en Figali. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, realizado del 1 al 15 de marzo 2021. Universo, total de médicos, licenciados enfermería y jefes administrativos. Muestreo por conglomerados del 36,5 por ciento. Se utilizó metodología cualitativa (cuestionario, entrevista semiestructurada y taller grupo focal). Resultados: En sus primeros tres meses el centro ingresó a 548 pacientes (máximo diario de 124); de estos, 309 (56,4 por ciento) con categoría de moderado o grave. La institución dispuso de hasta 74 médicos (incluidos 41 especialistas cubanos) y 91 enfermeros. Se consideró por los encuestados de muy alta o alta la atención médica (100 por ciento), satisfacción de pacientes (90,9 por ciento), higiene (93,2 por ciento) y función social del centro (97,7 por ciento). Las mayores enseñanzas fueron sobre bioseguridad, oxigenoterapia, manejo integral de la enfermedad y la integración de colectivos diferentes; entre quienes se destacó la profesionalidad, humanismo y sentido de pertenencia. Conclusiones: Las principales lecciones aprendidas se centran en capacitación, bioseguridad, flujos, oxigenoterapia, calidad y sentido de pertenencia del personal. Los trabajadores perciben que el centro cumple adecuadamente con su misión. Los principales puntos de mejora son la comunicación, el confort para los pacientes, la evaluación colectiva de los casos y el apoyo psicológico(AU)

Introduction: The conversion of various buildings as hospital centers for the medical care of patients with COVID-19 is a necessary solution in light of the high demand of cases and the limitation of hospital beds. Objective: Determine the lessons learned and the points of improvement in the medical care process of the Comprehensive Center of Provisional Care for Patients with moderate COVID-19 in Figali. Methods: Prospective, descriptive study, conducted from March 1 to 15, 2021. Total of workers, total of doctors, nursing graduates and administrative heads were assessed. Cluster sampling of 36,5percent. Qualitative methodology (questionnaire, semi-structured interview and focal group workshop) was used. Results: In the first three months, the center admitted 548 patients (daily maximum of 124); of these, 309 (56.4percent) with moderate or severe category. The institution had up to 74 doctors (including 41 Cuban specialists) and 91 nurses. Medical care was rated by the respondents as very high or high (100percent), and other rates were: patient satisfaction (90.9percent), hygiene (93.2percent) and social function of the center (97.7percent). The greatest learnings were on biosafety, oxygen therapy, comprehensive management of the disease and the integration of different groups; among whom professionalism, humanism and a sense of belonging stood out. Conclusions: The main lessons learned focus on training, biosecurity, flows, oxygen therapy, quality and sense of belonging of the staff. Workers perceive that the center adequately fulfills its mission. The main points of improvement are communication, comfort for patients, collective evaluation of cases and psychological support(AU)

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Introducción: A partir del rebrote de COVID-19 que desde el mes de noviembre de 2020 experimentó la nación, el grupo temporal para el enfrentamiento a la epidemia abrió nuevos centros de aislamiento con el objetivo principal de brindar atención médica integral y de enfermería a pacientes que han sido contacto de personas contagiadas con esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Identificar las alteraciones psicológicas más frecuentes experimentadas por médicos, personal de enfermería y estudiantes de Medicina en el centro de aislamiento ubicado en la Facultad de Medicina No. 2 de Santiago de Cuba. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo a 150 trabajadores de la zona roja de este centro de aislamiento en el periodo comprendido desde el 1 de marzo al 31 de mayo de 2021, para lo cual se empleó una metodología mixta, con una estrategia de triangulación de datos en un sentido cuanticualitativo. Resultados: La alteración psicológica de la esfera afectiva que predominó en estos trabajadores fue la ansiedad con un 98 porciento entre los médicos y enfermeros y un 100 porciento entre los estudiantes. En cuanto a la esfera cognitiva se destacó la presencia de imágenes intrusivas en el 72 porciento de los médicos, el 68 porciento del personal de enfermería y el 54 porciento de los estudiantes. Mientras que en la esfera volitiva predominó la incomodidad por el uso de los medios de protección en el 100 porciento de los sujetos encuestados. Conclusiones: En el centro de aislamiento estudiado, se identifican alteraciones psicológicas en el personal médico, de enfermería y estudiantes de Medicina. Destacan como las más frecuentes: la ansiedad, el estrés, imágenes intrusivas, dificultad para concentrase, el consumo de sustancias lícitas y trastornos del sueño(AU).

Introduction: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 that the nation experienced in November 2020, the temporary group to confront the epidemic opened new COVID-19 quarantine facilities with the main objective of providing comprehensive medical and nursing care to patients who have been in contact with people infected with this disease. Objective: To identify the most frequent psychological alterations experienced by doctors, nursing staff and medical students in the isolation facilities located at the Faculty of Medicine No. 2 of Santiago de Cuba. Method: A descriptive study was carried out on 150 workers in the red zone of this facility in the period from March 1st to May 31st, 2021, for which a mixed methodology was used, with a data triangulation strategy in a quantitative sense. Results: The psychological alteration of the affective sphere that predominated in these workers was anxiety, with 98 percent among doctors and nurses and 100 percent among students. Regarding the cognitive sphere, the presence of intrusive images stood out in 72 percent of the doctors, 68 percent of the nursing staff and 54 percent of the students. While in the volitional sphere, discomfort due to the use of means of protection prevailed in 100 percent of the subjects surveyed. Conclusions: In the quarantine center studied, psychological alterations were identified in the medical staff, nursing staff and medical students. The most frequent ones that stand out were: anxiety, stress, intrusive images, difficulty concentrating, the use of legal substances and sleep disorders(AU).

Introdução: A partir do surto de COVID-19 que viveu o país desde novembro de 2020, o grupo temporário de enfrentamento à epidemia inaugurou novos centros de isolamento com o objetivo principal de prestar assistência médica e de enfermagem integral aos pacientes que estiveram em contato com pessoas infectadas com esta doença. Objetivo: Identificar as alterações psicológicas mais frequentes vivenciadas por médicos, enfermeiras e estudantes de Medicina no centro de isolamento localizado na Facultad de Medicina Nº 2 de Santiago de Cuba. Método: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo com 150 trabalhadores da zona vermelha deste centros de isolamento no período de 1º de março a 31 de maio de 2021, para o qual foi utilizada uma metodologia mista, com estratégia de triangulação de dados no sentido quantitativo. Resultados: A alteração psicológica da esfera afetiva que predominou nesses trabalhadores foi a ansiedade com 98 porcento entre médicos e enfermeiras e 100 porcento entre estudantes. Em relação à esfera cognitiva, a presença de imagens intrusivas destacou-se em 72 porcento dos médicos, 68 porcento da equipe de enfermagem e 54 porcento dos alunos. Já na esfera volitiva, o desconforto devido ao uso de meios de proteção prevaleceu em 100 porcento dos sujeitos pesquisados. Conclusões: No isolamento estudado, foram identificadas alterações psicológicas na equipe médica, equipe de enfermagem e estudantes de Medicina. Destacam-se os mais frequentes: ansiedade, estresse, imagens intrusivas, dificuldade de concentração, uso de substâncias lícitas e distúrbios do sono(AU).

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According to David Fidler, the governance of infectious diseases evolved from the mid-nineteenth to the twenty-first century as a series of institutional arrangements: the International Sanitary Regulations (non-interference and disease control at borders), the World Health Organization vertical programs (malaria and smallpox eradication campaigns), and a post-Westphalian regime standing beyond state-centrism and national interest. But can international public health be reduced to such a Westphalian image? We scrutinize three strategies that brought health borders into prominence: pre-empting weak states (eastern Mediterranean in the nineteenth century); preventing the spread of disease through nation-building (Macedonian public health system in the 1920s); and debordering the fight against epidemics (1920-1921 Russian-Polish war and the Warsaw 1922 Sanitary Conference).

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Abstract According to David Fidler, the governance of infectious diseases evolved from the mid-nineteenth to the twenty-first century as a series of institutional arrangements: the International Sanitary Regulations (non-interference and disease control at borders), the World Health Organization vertical programs (malaria and smallpox eradication campaigns), and a post-Westphalian regime standing beyond state-centrism and national interest. But can international public health be reduced to such a Westphalian image? We scrutinize three strategies that brought health borders into prominence: pre-empting weak states (eastern Mediterranean in the nineteenth century); preventing the spread of disease through nation-building (Macedonian public health system in the 1920s); and debordering the fight against epidemics (1920-1921 Russian-Polish war and the Warsaw 1922 Sanitary Conference).

Resumo Segundo David Fidler, a gestão de doenças infecciosas entre meados do século XIX e e o XXI guiou-se por uma série de acordos institucionais: Regulamento Sanitário Internacional (não interferência e controle de doenças em fronteiras), programas verticais da OMS (campanhas de erradicação da malária e varíola), e posicionamento pós-vestefaliano além do estado-centrismo e interesse nacional. Mas pode a saúde pública internacional ser reduzida à tal imagem vestefaliana? Examinamos três estratégias que destacaram as fronteiras sanitárias: prevenção em estados vulneráveis (Mediterrâneo oriental, século XIX); prevenção à disseminação de doenças via construção nacional (sistema público de saúde macedônico, anos 1920); remoção de fronteiras no combate às epidemias (guerra polaco-soviética, 1920-1921 e Conferência Sanitária de Varsóvia, 1922).

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El documento contiene las disposiciones para la organización, funcionamiento y atención de salud en el Centro de Atención y Aislamiento Temporal "Villa Panamericana"

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This article investigates the emergence of two institutions for the control of public hygiene in Chile between 1879 and 1920: colleges of royal physicians and isolation hospitals using the case of smallpox in La Araucanía, a region located in the South of Chile. We cover the characteristics and context of these institutions that allowed the State of Chile to address the problems of public hygiene and to prompt health professionals to professionalize the practice of medicine. The liberal positivist state of the late nineteenth century understood that the issue of hygiene was not only a matter of individual responsibility but had a social, public, and environmental dimension. People practiced hygiene alongside the existence of hygienic and anti-hygienic environments. Therefore, hygiene, the royal colleges of physicians, health records, isolation hospitals, doctors, and vaccinators are studied. All of these components of the health care system of the time were in permanent tension with the central government authorities due to the insufficient resources provided by the state for the care of infected patients with smallpox. The study follows a qualitative methodology with a descriptive historiographic design. We used archival primary and secondary sources available in Chile and Germany. The results show that the presence of smallpox appeared ferociously in South-Central Chile in the second half of the 19th century and remained in La Araucanía until the first half of the 20th century. The extent to which smallpox spread, spawning fear and insecurity in people of different social classes, had as one of its leading causes the precarious conditions of health and hygiene of the population.

El presente artículo indaga la aparición de dos instituciones de control de la higiene pública en Chile entre los años 1879 y 1920: los protomedicatos y lazaretos. El objeto de estudio utiliza como caso la presencia de la viruela en La Araucanía. Se abordan las características y contexto que adquirió la instalación de estos dispositivos que permitieron al Estado de Chile operacionalizar el asunto de la higiene pública, lo que interpeló a los profesionales de la salud para avanzar a mayores niveles de perfeccionamiento del ejercicio profesional de la medicina. El Estado liberal positivista de fines de siglo XIX comprendió que el tema de la higiene no era solamente una cuestión de responsabilidad individual, sino que tenía una dimensión social, pública y medio ambiental. No sólo había personas que eran higiénicas, sino también ambientes higiénicos y antihigiénicos. Por tanto, se estudia la higiene, el tribunal del protomedicato, la hoja sanitaria, lazaretos, médicos y vacunadores; quienes estuvieron en permanente tensión con las autoridades del gobierno central debido a los insuficientes recursos proporcionados por el Estado para la atención de los enfermos contagiados con viruela. El estudio se orienta desde una metodología cualitativa con un diseño historiográfico con alcances descriptivos densos. Se han utilizado fuentes primarias y secundarias disponibles en archivos en Chile y Alemania. Los resultados evidencian que la presencia de viruela apareció violentamente en el centro sur de Chile en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y permaneció en la Araucanía hasta la primera mitad del siglo XX. La violencia con que se desarrolló la viruela generó miedo e incertidumbre afectando a personas de diferentes clases sociales, y tuvo como una de sus causas principales las precarias condiciones de salubridad de la población.

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El presente artículo indaga la aparición de dos instituciones de control de la higiene pública en Chile entre los años 1879 y 1920: los protomedicatos y lazaretos. El objeto de estudio utiliza como caso la presencia de la viruela en La Araucanía. Se abordan las características y contexto que adquirió la instalación de estos dispositivos que permitieron al Estado de Chile operacionalizar el asunto de la higiene pública, lo que interpeló a los profesionales de la salud para avanzar a mayores niveles de perfeccionamiento del ejercicio profesional de la medicina. El Estado liberal positivista de fines de siglo XIX comprendió que el tema de la higiene no era solamente una cuestión de responsabilidad individual, sino que tenía una dimensión social, pública y medio ambiental. No sólo había personas que eran higiénicas, sino también ambientes higiénicos y antihigiénicos. Por tanto, se estudia la higiene, el tribunal del protomedicato, la hoja sanitaria, lazaretos, médicos y vacunadores; quienes estuvieron en permanente tensión con las autoridades del gobierno central debido a los insuficientes recursos proporcionados por el Estado para la atención de los enfermos contagiados con viruela. El estudio se orienta desde una metodología cualitativa con un diseño historiográfico con alcances descriptivos densos. Se han utilizado fuentes primarias y secundarias disponibles en archivos en Chile y Alemania. Los resultados evidencian que la presencia de viruela apareció violentamente en el centro sur de Chile en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y permaneció en la Araucanía hasta la primera mitad del siglo XX. La violencia con que se desarrolló la viruela generó miedo e incertidumbre afectando a personas de diferentes clases sociales, y tuvo como una de sus causas principales las precarias condiciones de salubridad de la población.

This article investigates the emergence of two institutions for the control of public hygiene in Chile between 1879 and 1920: colleges of royal physicians and isolation hospitals using the case of smallpox in La Araucanía, a region located in the South of Chile. We cover the characteristics and context of these institutions that allowed the State of Chile to address the problems of public hygiene and to prompt health professionals to professionalize the practice of medicine. The liberal positivist state of the late nineteenth century understood that the issue of hygiene was not only a matter of individual responsibility but had a social, public, and environmental dimension. People practiced hygiene alongside the existence of hygienic and anti-hygienic environments. Therefore, hygiene, the royal colleges of physicians, health records, isolation hospitals, doctors, and vaccinators are studied. All of these components of the health care system of the time were in permanent tension with the central government authorities due to the insufficient resources provided by the state for the care of infected patients with smallpox. The study follows a qualitative methodology with a descriptive historiographic design. We used archival primary and secondary sources available in Chile and Germany. The results show that the presence of smallpox appeared ferociously in South-Central Chile in the second half of the 19th century and remained in La Araucanía until the first half of the 20th century. The extent to which smallpox spread, spawning fear and insecurity in people of different social classes, had as one of its leading causes the precarious conditions of health and hygiene of the population.

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Fundamento: la atención a los profesionales sanitarios y personal de apoyo que están en la primera línea de asistencia a enfermos y sospechosos de COVID-19,ocupa a los psicólogos de la salud, en respuesta a la estrategia desarrollada por el Ministerio de Salud Pública de la República de Cuba.Objetivo: identificar el estado psicológico de los trabajadores de la salud al salir de la primera línea de trabajo con enfermos de la COVID-19.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, con 52 trabajadores de la salud que cumplieron su período de aislamiento, en un centro habilitado para esta actividad en la provincia Sancti Spíritus. Para identificar necesidades de apoyo psicológico se utilizó el Cribado en personal de salud trabajando con sospechosos y enfermos de COVID-19; para la identificación de impactos emocionales, se empleó la Lista de chequeo,el Cuestionario de Estrés Traumático Secundario y la entrevista semiestructurada.Resultados: no se evidenciaron señales de alarma que sugirieran la necesidad de atención psicológica especializada; aunque la ansiedad destacó como estado común para todos los profesionales encuestados. De las cuatro dimensiones exploradas por el Cuestionario de Estrés Traumático Secundario, los recursos personológicos fueron los que prevalecieron (12,02 porciento).Conclusión: el personal sanitario que laboró directamente en la atención a personas contagiadas con la COVID-19, al salir de esta primera línea de cuidados, manifestó ansiedad asociada al hecho de continuar en aislamiento y el deseo de reencontrarse con la familia; en ningún caso, dicha ansiedad estuvo relacionada con reacciones motivadas por el trabajo realizado.[AU]

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The author presents a historical review about the creation of Doctor Lucio Cordova Infectious Diseases Hospital. Lucio Cordova MD, Counselor of the Charity Board in 1938, promoted a model pavilion for the hospitalization of patients with communicable diseases. An outbreak of meningococcal meningitis, between 1941 and 1942, hurried the construction of the Infectious Disease Pavilion, which was finished in 1949. The important work of the first chief of the new unit, Roque Kraljevic MD, is highlighted. In 1963, the Infectious Disease Pavilion was transformed into Dr. Lucio Cordova Infectious Diseases Hospital.

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A partir da documentação das Matrículas de Enfermos e Relatórios dos Provedores da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Campinas, traçamos o perfil dos atendidos e analisamos os diferenciais de mortalidade entre escravos e livres, brasileiros e estrangeiros nos primeiros anos de funcionamento desse hospital filantrópico. Os enfermos eram predominantemente homens em idade ativa, fortemente relacionados com a mão de obra disponível para comportar a expansão agrícola e dos serviços urbanos. Por meio de uma técnica de análise do diferencial de mortalidade baseada na decomposição de Oaxaca-Blinder, concluímos que, apesar de as características de escravos favorecerem um diferencial de mortalidade reduzido e de haver incentivos econômicos em seu tratamento, a mortalidade escrava foi superior possivelmente devido às condições de vida impostas pelo cativeiro. Entre a população livre, brasileiros apresentaram mortalidade superior à de estrangeiros. As hipóteses levantadas foram a procura tardia de auxílio por parte dos nacionais, diferenças na estrutura etária e a forte característica de sub-representação feminina na população estrangeira.

With documentation involving patients' records and reports fromthe administration of Santa Casa de Misericórdia of Campinas (1876-1885), we examined demographic characteristics of patients and analyzed differences in mortality ratesamongslaves, free people, Brazilians, and foreign population atthe philanthropic hospital. Data show patients are predominantly men of working age, mainly involved inlabor available related to agricultural expansion and urban services. Through an analysis of mortality differentials based on the Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition, we concluded that although the characteristics of slavery and economic incentives in their treatment favored a reduced differential of mortality, slave mortality was higher due to the living conditions imposed by slavery. Among the free population, Brazilians had higher mortality rates than foreigners. Hypotheses raised include abelated demand for help from nationals, differences in age structure, and astrong female underrepresentation among the free population.

A partir de documentos de las Matrículas de Enfermos e Informes de los Proveedores del Hospital Santa Casa de Misericordia de Campinas, trazamos el perfil de los pacientes y analizamos la mortalidad diferencial entre esclavos y libres, brasileños y extranjeros em ese hospital filantrópico. Los enfermos fueron predominantemente hombres em edad activa, fuertemente relacionados con la mano de obra disponible para la expansión agrícola y de los servicios urbanos. Por medio de una técnica de análisis del diferencial de mortalidad basada en la descomposición de Oaxaca-Blinder, concluimos que a pesar de que las características de los esclavos favorecieron un de mortalidade reducido y que hubo incentivos económicos em su tratamiento, la mortalidad esclava fue superior, posiblemente por las condiciones de vida impuestas por el cautiverio. Entre la población libre, los brasileños presentaron una mortalidad superior a la de población extranjera. Las hipótesis planteadas son: la demanda tardía de ayuda por parte de los nacionales, diferencias en la estrutura etária y la fuerte característica de subrepresentación feminina en la población extranjera.

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Resumen El autor presenta una reseña histórica sobre la creación del Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas Dr. Lucio Córdova. El Dr. Lucio Córdova, Consejero de la Honorable Junta de Beneficencia en 1938, impulsó la creación de un pabellón modelo para la hospitalización de enfermos con procesos transmisibles. Un brote de meningitis meningocóccica, entre 1941 y 1942 apresuró la construcción del Pabellón de Enfermedades Infecciosas, que estuvo terminado en 1949. Se destaca la importante labor del primer médico jefe del nuevo Servicio doctor Roque Kraljevic. En 1963, el Pabellón de Enfermedades Infecciosas se transformó en el Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas Dr. Lucio Córdova.

The author presents a historical review about the creation of Doctor Lucio Cordova Infectious Diseases Hospital. Lucio Cordova MD, Counselor of the Charity Board in 1938, promoted a model pavilion for the hospitalization of patients with communicable diseases. An outbreak of meningococcal meningitis, between 1941 and 1942, hurried the construction of the Infectious Disease Pavilion, which was finished in 1949. The important work of the first chief of the new unit, Roque Kraljevic MD, is highlighted. In 1963, the Infectious Disease Pavilion was transformed into Dr. Lucio Cordova Infectious Diseases Hospital.

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Leprosy is an ancient infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. According to comparative genomics studies, this disease originated in Eastern Africa or the Near East and spread with successive human migrations. The Europeans and North Africans introduced leprosy into West Africa and the Americas within the past 500 years. In Brazil, this disease arrived with the colonizers who disembarked at the first colonies, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador and Recife, at the end of the sixteenth century, after which it was spread to the other states. In 1854, the first leprosy cases were identified in State of Amazonas in the north of Brazil. The increasing number of leprosy cases and the need for treatment and disease control led to the creation of places to isolate patients, known as leprosaria. One of them, Colonia Antônio Aleixo was built in Amazonas in 1956 according to the most advanced recommendations for isolation at that time and was deactivated in 1979. The history of the Alfredo da Matta Center (AMC), which was the first leprosy dispensary created in 1955, parallels the history of leprosy in the state. Over the years, the AMC has become one of the best training centers for leprosy, general dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases in Brazil. In addition to being responsible for leprosy control programs in the state, the AMC has carried out training programs on leprosy diagnosis and treatment for health professionals in Manaus and other municipalities of the state, aiming to increase the coverage of leprosy control activities. This paper provides a historical overview of leprosy in State of Amazonas, which is an endemic state in Brazil.

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Due to the smallpox epidemic in Santiago in 1872, a Commission or Central Board of isolation hospitals was created. These institutions were endowed with the necessary personnel to receive and assist the sick, highlighting the work of medical students, interns at these hospitals. The total number of patients treated in the infirmaries of Santiago reached 6,782, with a fatality rate of 3,073 (45.3%).

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Para fazer a apresentação do livro de Teresa Oliveira, foi preciso voltar um pouco ao passado não tão distante, ao mesmo tempo honrado e cônscio da responsabilidade, pela importância da obra...

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The record of the first cases of leprosy in Rio de Janeiro dates from the seventeenth century. The first local host of leprosy patients was created from 1741, and the first colonies hospitals were built in the early twentieth century, in order to avoid contagion of the population. The first structures dedicated to research also date from this time: the Leprosy International Institute, the Leprology Institute, and the Leprosy Laboratory of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, where the most prestigious leprologists of Rio de Janeiro worked. Currently, investigations are focused on the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; additionally, leprosy patients are treated at municipal health centers and state hospitals, and former colony hospitals only accept patients with severe disabilities.

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