RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase -producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) are important zoonotic pathogens that can cause serious clinical infections, also in horses. Preventing the spread of ESBL-E, especially in the equine hospital environment, is key to reducing the number of difficult-to-treat infections. Estimating the local prevalence of ESBL-E in horses is crucial to establish targeted infection control programs at equine hospitals. We conducted a prevalence and risk factor study in equine patients on admission to an equine teaching hospital in Finland through a rectal ESBL-E screening specimen of the horse and a questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of ESBL-E in admitted horses was 3% (5/161, 95% CI 1-7%); none of the tested factors remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis, although antimicrobial treatment within three months was borderline significant (p = 0.052). Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase -producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST6179:CTX-M-15 was detected in three horses using whole-genome sequencing, which in combination with patient records suggested nosocomial transmission. Escherichia coli isolates were ST1250:CTX-M-1 (n = 1), ST1079:CTX-M-1 (n = 1), and ST1245:CTX-M-14 (n = 1). Multiple virulence genes were detected in the ESBL-E isolates. In the ESBL-E positive horses enrolled in a one-year follow-up study, ESBL-E were unlikely to be isolated in rectal screening specimens after the initial positive specimen. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ESBL-E in horses visiting a veterinary teaching hospital in Finland is low, indicating an overall low prevalence estimate in the country's equine population. No statistically significant risk factors were identified, likely due to the low number of cases. The duration of ESBL-E carriage is likely to be very short in horses.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Hospitales Veterinarios , beta-Lactamasas , Animales , Caballos , Enfermedades de los Caballos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/epidemiología , beta-Lactamasas/metabolismo , beta-Lactamasas/genética , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Finlandia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Masculino , Femenino , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/veterinaria , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Escherichia coli/enzimología , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimología , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Enterobacteriaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Habronemosis, also known as habronemiasis or habronematidosis, is a parasitic disease of equids caused by the larval stages of Habronematidae nematodes (Habronema muscae, Habronema microstoma, and Draschia megastoma) that are transmitted by muscid flies. The presence of aberrant infective larvae in the cutaneous and conjunctival tissues of these hosts results in granulomatous, exudative, and ulcerated lesions, also known as "summer sores." In this study, we present a retrospective analysis of habronemosis cases in horses from the municipality of Lages, located on the Santa Catarina Plateau, a region with high altitudes and a temperate climate that differs from regions of Brazil where such parasitosis usually occurs. The equids were examined from 2008 to 2020 at the Veterinary Hospital of Santa Catarina State University. Sixteen patients were diagnosed and treated using macrocyclic lactones and wound cleaning. Most cases were recorded in autumn in horses (10/16, 62.5%) over 15 years of age (11/16, 68.8%), and the lesions were more frequently located in the conjunctiva (11/16, 68.8%). In scientific dissemination media, this is the first report of habronemosis on the Santa Catarina Plateau, Brazil. This information will contribute to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of skin diseases in horses in this region.
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Enfermedades de los Caballos , Animales , Caballos/parasitología , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Infecciones por Spirurida/veterinaria , Infecciones por Spirurida/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Spirurida/parasitología , Infecciones por Spirurida/epidemiología , Hospitales Veterinarios , Enfermedades de la Conjuntiva/parasitología , Enfermedades de la Conjuntiva/veterinaria , Enfermedades de la Conjuntiva/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/veterinaria , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/parasitología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/epidemiología , Spiruroidea/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Environmental bacteria in animal healthcare facilities may constitute a risk for healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Knowledge of the bacterial microflora composition and factors influencing the environmental bacterial load can support tailored interventions to lower the risk for HAI. The aims of this study were to: (1) quantify and identify environmental bacteria in one operating room (OR) and one ultrasound room (UR) in a small animal hospital, (2) compare the bacterial load to threshold values suggested for use in human healthcare facilities, (3) characterise the genetic relationship between selected bacterial species to assess clonal dissemination, and (4) investigate factors associated with bacterial load during surgery. Settle plates were used for passive air sampling and dip slides for surface sampling. Bacteria were identified by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption-Time Of Flight. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution. Single nucleotide polymorphism-analysis was performed to identify genetically related isolates. Linear regression was performed to analyse associations between observed explanatory factors and bacterial load. RESULTS: The bacterial load on settle plates and dip slides were low both in the OR and the UR, most of the samples were below threshold values suggested for use in human healthcare facilities. All settle plates sampled during surgery were below the threshold values suggested for use in human clean surgical procedures. Staphylococcus spp. and Micrococcus spp. were the dominating species. There was no indication of clonal relationship among the sequenced isolates. Bacteria carrying genes conveying resistance to disinfectants were revealed. Air change and compliance with hygiene routines were sufficient in the OR. No other factors possibly associated with the bacterial load were identified. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents a generally low bacterial load in the studied OR and UR, indicating a low risk of transmission of infectious agents from the clinical environment. The results show that it is possible to achieve bacterial loads below threshold values suggested for use in human healthcare facilities in ORs in small animal hospitals and thus posing a reduced risk of HAI. Bacteria carrying genes conveying resistance to disinfectants indicates that resistant bacteria can persist in the clinical environment, with increased risk for HAI.
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Carga Bacteriana , Hospitales Veterinarios , Animales , Suecia , Carga Bacteriana/veterinaria , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/clasificación , Ultrasonografía/veterinaria , Infección Hospitalaria/veterinaria , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Quirófanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
In 2020 and 2022, nine cases of surgical site infections with a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were diagnosed in horses in an equine referral clinic. Sixteen isolates (horses, n=9; environment, n=3; and staff members, n=4) were analysed retrospectively using Nanopore whole-genome sequencing to investigate the relatedness of two suspected MRSA outbreaks (2020 and 2022). The MRSA isolates belonged to ST398 and ST612. ST398 genomes from 2020 and 2022 formed three phylogenetic clusters. The first ST398 cluster from 2020 consisted of isolates from five horses and one staff member, and we suspected within clinic transmission. The second cluster of ST398 isolates from 2022 originated from two horses and two staff members but showed higher single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) distances. One ST398 isolate from an individual staff member was not related to the other two clusters. The ST612 isolates were isolated in 2022 from two horses and three environmental samples and showed very low SNP distances (<7 SNPs), indicating the transmission of MRSA ST612 in this clinic in 2022. Molecular characterization revealed an abundant set of virulence genes and plasmids in the ST612 isolates in comparison to ST398 isolates. Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility showed that differences between the two sequence types were consistent with the genetic characteristics. MRSA ST612 has not been reported in Europe before, but it is a dominant clone in African hospitals and has been described in horses and people working with horses in Australia, indicating the importance of surveillance.
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Brotes de Enfermedades , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Filogenia , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma , Animales , Caballos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/clasificación , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/veterinaria , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/transmisión , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/epidemiología , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/microbiología , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/epidemiología , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/veterinaria , Hospitales Veterinarios , Factores de Virulencia/genéticaRESUMEN
Inhalational anaesthetic agents are routinely used in veterinary anaesthesia practices, yet their consumption contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impact. We conducted a 55-day observational study at a veterinary teaching hospital in Switzerland, monitoring isoflurane and sevoflurane consumption across small, equine and farm animal clinics and analysed the resulting environmental impact. Results revealed that in total, 9.36 L of isoflurane and 1.27 L of sevoflurane were used to anaesthetise 409 animals across 1,489 h. Consumption rates varied among species, with small and farm animals ranging between 8.7 and 13 mL/h, while equine anaesthesia exhibited a higher rate, 41.2 mL/h. Corresponding to 7.36 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in total environmental emissions or between 2.4 and 31.3 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent per hour. Comparison to human anaesthesia settings showed comparable consumption rates to small animals, suggesting shared environmental implications, albeit on a smaller scale. This research highlights the importance of continued evaluation of veterinary anaesthesia practices to balance patient safety with environmental stewardship; potential mitigation strategies are explored and discussed.
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Anestésicos por Inhalación , Hospitales Veterinarios , Hospitales de Enseñanza , Animales , Anestésicos por Inhalación/administración & dosificación , Caballos , Suiza , Isoflurano/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Sevoflurano/administración & dosificación , Gases de Efecto Invernadero/análisis , Anestesia por Inhalación/veterinariaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of homologous blood transfusions received by canine surgical patients after introducing a cell salvage device (CSD), trends in surgeries requiring blood transfusion, and the incidence of transfusion reactions. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Single referral hospital. ANIMALS: All dogs having surgery at a single center (November 2015 to February 2021). INTERVENTIONS: Medical records of dogs having surgical treatment, including those that received either an autologous or homologous blood transfusion, were reviewed. The surgical patients were the baseline population, and the 2 transfusion groups were compared within this population to analyze the trends. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 37 and 86 dogs received autologous and homologous blood transfusions, respectively. There was an upward trend in the number of total monthly blood transfusions. No significant increase in the monthly number of homologous transfusions was observed before or after acquisition of the CSD. There was also an upward trend in total monthly surgeries, including those with higher risks of hemorrhage. Dogs receiving homologous blood transfusions had a higher incidence of clinical signs consistent with transfusion reactions (6.98%). CONCLUSIONS: An upward trend in autologous blood transfusions was seen with the introduction of a CSD. Hospitals with large surgical caseloads at high risk of hemorrhage may see a decreased need for outsourced blood products with the use of the CSD. The device can lead to a more responsible use of an increasingly scarce resource and decrease the risk of a blood transfusion reaction in dogs.
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Transfusión Sanguínea , Hospitales Veterinarios , Perros , Animales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Transfusión Sanguínea/veterinaria , Transfusión Sanguínea/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Masculino , Recuperación de Sangre Operatoria/veterinaria , Recuperación de Sangre Operatoria/instrumentación , Transfusión de Sangre Autóloga/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Perros/terapiaRESUMEN
Gonadectomy in dogs is associated with changes in risks of a variety of non-infectious health conditions, but few studies have examined its effects on infectious disease outcomes. The objectives of our study were to estimate the causal effect of gonadectomy on the incidence rate of babesiosis diagnosis, and on the risk of severe babesiosis in diagnosed cases, in dogs 6 months and older seen at a veterinary academic hospital in South Africa from 2013 through 2020. To estimate the effect of gonadectomy on the incidence rate of babesiosis diagnosis in dogs, we conducted a case-control study with incidence density sampling of dogs seen through the hospital's primary care service, adjusting for sex, age, breed category and weight. We identified 811 cases and selected 3244 time-matched controls. To estimate the effect of gonadectomy on disease severity in dogs with babesiosis, we conducted a retrospective cohort study among all dogs with a diagnosis of babesiosis (n=923), including these 811 cases and a further 112 referred to the hospital, also adjusting for sex, age, breed category and weight. Gonadectomy substantially reduced the incidence rate of babesiosis (total effect incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.5; 95â¯% confidence interval [CI] 0.41-0.60) and the risk of severe babesiosis among diagnosed dogs (total effect risk ratio [RR] 0.72; 95â¯% CI 0.60-0.86). Tipping point sensitivity analysis shows that these effect estimates are robust to unmeasured confounding bias. There was no evidence for modification of the effect of gonadectomy by sex, with effect estimates qualitatively similar for males and females for both outcomes. Compared to females, males had a higher incidence rate of babesiosis (IRR 1.74; 95â¯% CI 1.49-2.04) and a higher risk of severe disease (RR 1.12; 95â¯% CI 0.98-1.28). In conclusion, our study shows a robust protective effect of gonadectomy on the incidence and severity of babesiosis in both male and female dogs 6 months of age and older, and contributes important evidence to the debate on the overall risks and benefits of gonadectomy to dogs in this population.
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Babesiosis , Enfermedades de los Perros , Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Babesiosis/parasitología , Sudáfrica/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Masculino , Incidencia , Hospitales Veterinarios , Orquiectomía/veterinaria , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios de Cohortes , Ovariectomía/veterinariaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Comparing the utility of the anti-human serum amyloid A (SAA)-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies assays (LZ-SAA) with the pure monoclonal anti-human antibody assays (VET-SAA) during clinical practice in primary care hospital populations by measuring SAA measurement in healthy and diseased domestic cats. ANIMALS: 52 healthy and 185 diseased client-owned cats. METHODS: SAA concentration was measured using different LZ-SAA and VET-SAA measurements for healthy and various diseased cats. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated for each disease. RESULTS: VET-SAA has higher sensitivity than LZ-SAA for the most common diseases presenting to primary care veterinary hospitals, including chronic kidney disease, tumors, and gingivostomatitis. Our results reveal the capability of detecting low SAA concentrations in healthy and diseased cats using VET-SAA in contrast to LZ-SAA, which found elevations of SAA concentrations only in diseased cats. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our findings indicate that switching to the new VET-SAA instead of the conventional LZ-SAA will likely enhance the diagnostic performance in primary care veterinary hospitals.
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Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Hospitales Veterinarios , Proteína Amiloide A Sérica , Animales , Gatos , Proteína Amiloide A Sérica/análisis , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Gatos/inmunología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Inmunoturbidimetría/métodos , Inmunoturbidimetría/veterinaria , Femenino , Inmunoensayo/veterinaria , Inmunoensayo/métodos , Anticuerpos/sangre , Anticuerpos/inmunología , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) causes respiratory disease in horses, and the virus is considered endemic in the global equine population. However, outbreaks can occur when several horses are gathered in relation to shows, competitions, breeding units and at hospitals. In the spring year 2022, an EHV-4 outbreak occurred at the Large Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Nine horses were tested EHV-4 positive during the outbreak, which lasted approx. seven weeks. In addition, a tenth horse "Eq10" tested EHV-4 positive almost three weeks after the last of the outbreak horses tested positive. Detailed clinical registrations were obtained from all ten horses as well as their location and movement during hospitalization. Nasal swabs were obtained throughout the outbreak and tested by qPCR for EHV-4. Additionally, pre- and post-infection sera were tested for the presence of EHV-4 antibodies. Selected samples were characterized by partial and full genome sequencing. RESULTS: The most common clinical signs of the EHV-4 infected horses during this outbreak were pyrexia, nasal discharge, mandibular lymphadenopathy and increased lung sounds upon auscultation. Based on the locations of the horses, EHV-4 detection and antibody responses the most likely "patient zero" was identified as being "Eq1". Partial genome sequencing revealed that Eq10 was infected by another wild type EHV-4 strain, suggesting that the hospital was able to eliminate the outbreak by testing and reinforcing biosecurity measures. The complete genome sequence of the outbreak strain was obtained and revealed a closer relation to Australian and Japanese EHV-4 strains rather than to other European EHV-4 strains, however, very limited sequence data are available from Europe. CONCLUSION: The study illustrated the transmission of EHV-4 within an equine facility/hospital and provided new insights into the viral shedding, antibody responses and clinical signs related to EHV-4 infections. Finally, sequencing proved a useful tool in understanding the transmission within the hospital, and in characterizing of the outbreak strain.
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Brotes de Enfermedades , Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesvirus Équido 4 , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Animales , Caballos , Enfermedades de los Caballos/virología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Dinamarca/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Herpesvirus Équido 4/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Femenino , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Hospitales VeterinariosRESUMEN
Leishmaniases are a group of neglected diseases of significant public health concern, with Brazil being the primary focus of this disease in the Americas. The municipality of Sobral, in the state of Ceará, is a historical focus of visceral leishmaniasis in both humans and dogs, but data on Leishmania spp. infections in cats are limited. Between April 2021 and February 2022, 205 cats from a referral hospital population were sampled and tested for Leishmania spp. by real-time PCR. Eight cats (3.9%; 95% CI: 1.7-7.5%) tested positive. Among these, three (37.5%) displayed clinical signs compatible with feline leishmaniosis. Non-domiciled cats showed significantly higher positivity compared to domiciled ones (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.0124). Considering their potential role as reservoirs of L. infantum, it is crucial to conduct further studies to understand the Leishmania spp. circulating among cats in Sobral and to implement measures for reducing their exposure to phlebotomine sand fly vectors in this important focus of leishmaniases.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos , Leishmaniasis , Animales , Gatos , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/parasitología , Prevalencia , Femenino , Masculino , Leishmaniasis/veterinaria , Leishmaniasis/epidemiología , Leishmaniasis/parasitología , Leishmania/aislamiento & purificación , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Leishmaniasis Visceral/epidemiología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/parasitología , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Hospitales Veterinarios , Leishmania infantum/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Potential prognostic indicators have been associated with decreased survival during canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE), such as body weight, sex, and clinicopathological parameters. Few studies reported the prognostic factors for CPE in Italy; therefore, the aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors associated with the survival of dogs admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Perugia University, naturally infected with canine parvovirus. Seventy-six medical records of dogs with a definitive diagnosis of parvoviral infection admitted from 2017 to 2021 have been reviewed and included in the study. From medical records were extracted data on signalment, history, clinical examination, hematology, serum biochemistry, treatments, progression of clinical signs during hospitalization and outcome. The data have been subjected to univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. Our results showed winter season, male sex, dog ownership, small breed, normal sensory status, normal heart rate, normal hydration status, abdominal pain, increased capillary reperfusion time, and normal white blood cell count as positive prognostic factors. The survival model confirmed that parameters such as male sex, small breed, and ownership increased the survival rate during hospitalization. Data reported in the present study are partially in agreement with previous studies and added new information on the possible prognostic factors in dogs affected by CPE in Italy.
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Enfermedades de los Perros , Enteritis , Hospitales Veterinarios , Hospitales de Enseñanza , Infecciones por Parvoviridae , Italia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Parvovirus Canino , Enteritis/diagnóstico , Enteritis/epidemiología , Enteritis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Pronóstico , Análisis de Supervivencia , Factores de Riesgo , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/veterinaria , Animales , PerrosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To collect medication error (ME) data during the perianesthetic period from small animal clinics. SAMPLE: 6 small animal general practice veterinary clinics. METHODS: Small animal general practice veterinary clinics were recruited in this prospective observational study, with staff given a presentation on medical errors and instructed on how to submit medication error reports to an online reporting system. Errors were classified according to type and timing. RESULTS: A total of 2,728 general anesthesia or sedation procedures were performed, with 49 ME reports submitted. One duplicated report of the same error was excluded, resulting in a ME rate of 1.8%. Most reports (69% [33/48]) were near misses. The remaining 31% were MEs that reached the patient but did not cause harm. Wrong dose errors were the most common type (63% [30/48]), of which 80% (24/30) were calculation errors. Premedication/sedation and maintenance were the most reported stages, at 47% (20/43) and 23% (10/43), respectively. None of the MEs reported resulted in an adverse event, with an approximately 2:1 ratio of near-miss to no-harm MEs. The observed patterns of MEs reported, including type and timing, represent a target for further education. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results quantify the ME rate in general practice veterinary clinics, providing an initial benchmark for MEs during the perianesthetic period.
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Errores de Medicación , Errores de Medicación/estadística & datos numéricos , Errores de Medicación/veterinaria , Animales , Estudios Prospectivos , Hospitales Veterinarios , Alberta , Incidencia , Humanos , Anestesia General/veterinaria , Anestesia General/efectos adversosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To report the long-term survival of adult horses that were subjected to synovial lavage for treatment of contaminated and septic synovial structures. STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter, prospective observational trial. ANIMALS: Horses (n = 240) presented for synovial sepsis at 10 UK referral centers. METHODS: Data for horses presented for treatment of synovial sepsis were collected over a 15 month recruitment period. Owners were contacted a minimum of 365 days after surgery using a structured client interview to assess long term survival. Descriptive statistics, and univariable and Cox proportional hazards models for postoperative survival time were developed. RESULTS: Survival to discharge was 228/240 (95%) and overall long-term survival was 89.4% (185/207). Unknown cause of injury (p = .017), increasing duration of surgery (p = .003), increasing weight (p = .008), forelimb injuries (p = .027), and type of synovial structure (p = .008) were found to be associated with death using Cox proportional hazards models. CONCLUSION: This study provides information on risk factors associated with survival and death after treatment for synovial sepsis at referral hospitals in the UK. Survival to discharge and long-term survival was excellent. Heavier horses, injuries affecting the forelimbs, tendon sheaths and bursae were associated with poorer long term outcomes. Longer duration of surgery was also found to be associated with a worse prognosis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: These findings help to provide prognostic information for owners and veterinarians treating horses with synovial sepsis.
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Enfermedades de los Caballos , Irrigación Terapéutica , Animales , Caballos , Enfermedades de los Caballos/mortalidad , Enfermedades de los Caballos/terapia , Enfermedades de los Caballos/cirugía , Reino Unido , Irrigación Terapéutica/veterinaria , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Hospitales Veterinarios , Sepsis/veterinaria , Sepsis/mortalidad , Factores de Riesgo , Sinovitis/veterinaria , Sinovitis/mortalidad , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Infection prevention and control (IPC) in veterinary medicine is crucial to protect patients, owners, staff, and the public. An IPC programme is recommended for every animal hospital. The objective of this retrospective longitudinal study was to describe the changes in bacterial and multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates and self-reported hand hygiene awareness and practices after an IPC programme to assess the long-term effect of this programme in small animal veterinary medicine. The IPC programme was implemented at our veterinary teaching hospital in April 2018, which included the establishment of an infection control task force, regular IPC lectures and poster campaigns, infrastructure improvement, and manual refinement. Laboratory-based surveillance was retrospectively conducted before and after the programme (January 2016-December 2022). Level and slope changes in bacterial isolates were evaluated using interrupted time-series analysis. Self-reported hand hygiene awareness and practices were assessed using an annual questionnaire. Additionally, hygiene product purchases during the study period were investigated. The monthly number of total and MDR bacterial isolates decreased significantly after the programme (MDR level change: -0.426; 95% confidence interval: -0.744, -0.109; P = 0.009; and MDR slope change: -0.035; 95% confidence interval: -0.058, -0.011; P = 0.003). Additionally, awareness of hand hygiene before touching animals improved after the programme. Overall self-reported hand hygiene practices improved, and hygiene product purchases significantly increased. These results suggested that the IPC programme may have long-term effects regarding reducing total and MDR bacterial isolates and improving hand hygiene awareness in veterinary medicine.
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Higiene de las Manos , Hospitales Veterinarios , Hospitales de Enseñanza , Autoinforme , Animales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios Longitudinales , Humanos , Control de Infecciones/métodos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Farmacorresistencia BacterianaRESUMEN
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging human and animal issue. The frequency of resistance to high importance antimicrobials, isolation of microbes of One Health importance and the nature and frequency of multi-drug resistant (MDR) profiles in Australian small animal referral practice have not been described previously. Medical databases of two private small animal referral hospitals in Queensland, Australia were reviewed for culture and susceptibility (C&S) results from 1 January to 31 December 2020. Hospital site (H1 and H2), culture sample, C&S results and MDR were documented for samples from services operating at both locations. There were 631 microbial isolates and 386 susceptibility profiles from 438 samples. The predominant organism was Staphylococcus pseudintermedius at H1 (n = 95) and Escherichia coli at H2 (n = 23). The majority of samples were integumentary (H1 n = 216, H2 n = 75) or urogenital (H1 n = 74, H2 n = 70). MDR isolates were reported at both hospitals, and were significantly more likely at H1 (69/262, 26.3% vs. 12/121, 9.9%; P < 0.001). High levels of AMR including MDR profiles were reported at the two hospitals evaluated, but they had significantly different resistance patterns and microbial profiles. These results highlight the need to practice appropriate antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine, and are supportive for individual hospital surveillance with antibiograms.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Hospitales Veterinarios , Animales , Hospitales Veterinarios/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Queensland , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/veterinaria , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Staphylococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Perros , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The Caatinga biome occurs only in Brazil and offers epidemiological conditions that should be assessed differently from other regions of Brazil and the world. Thus, the aim of this survey was to identify antimicrobial resistance, enterotoxin and biofilm production genes in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from facilities and fomites in a veterinary hospital in Caatinga biome. Samples were collected from surfaces of small animal clinical care tables (n =8), cages in the dog and cat hospitalisation sector and animals with infectious diseases (n = 21), small animal surgical centre (n =8), sterilisation sector (n =7) and stethoscopes (n = 32) by using sterile swabs. Bacterial isolation and identification, antimicrobial resistance phenotypic test and molecular detection of antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation and enterotoxin genes were carried out. Ninety-five bacterial isolates were obtained, and 29 (30.5%) were identified as Staphylococcus spp. Overall, 13 isolates (44.8%) of six species of Staphylococcus spp. showed antimicrobial resistance profile, as well as S. haemolyticus expressed phenotypic profile of multidrug resistance. The antimicrobials with the highest resistance rates were penicillin and tetracycline. The most frequent resistance genes were blaZ and tetM, both detected in 10 (76.9%) isolates. The mecA, tetL and tetK genes had frequencies of 38.5% (5/13), 23.1% (3/13) and 15.4% (2/13), respectively. The biofilm production marker, icaD gene, was detected in one S. sciuri strain. SEE gene, which encodes enterotoxins, was detected in 15.4% (2/13) of the strains (S. pseudintermedius and S. intermedius). The occurrence of Staphylococcus spp. carrying resistance genes to diferent classes of antimicrobials, presenting MDR phenotypic pattern and carrying enterotoxins and biofim encoding genes recovered from veterinary hospital facilities and fomites in the Caatinga biome reinforce the need to implement prevention cares in veterinary practices to avoid One Health-concerning conditions.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Biopelículas , Enterotoxinas , Fómites , Hospitales Veterinarios , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Staphylococcus , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus/genética , Staphylococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus/fisiología , Animales , Enterotoxinas/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Brasil , Fómites/microbiología , Gatos , Perros , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/veterinaria , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Julie Davis started her working life as a sports journalist then sought a change of direction and joined the NHS. Fifteen years later she is now applying her skills and knowledge in a veterinary referral hospital.
Asunto(s)
Hospitales Veterinarios , Humanos , Reino Unido , Rol Profesional , Veterinarios/psicología , Medicina Veterinaria/organización & administración , Medicina Estatal/organización & administraciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: It is not known how much information clients retrieve from discharge instructions. OBJECTIVE: To investigate client's understanding of discharge instructions and influencing factors. ANIMALS: Dogs and cats being hospitalized for neurological diseases. METHODS: Clients were presented questionnaires regarding their pet's disease, diagnostics, treatments, prognosis and discharge instructions at time of discharge and 2 weeks later. The same questions were answered by discharging veterinarians at time of discharge. Clients answered additional questions regarding the subjective feelings during discharge conversation. Data collected included: data describing discharging veterinarian (age, gender, years of clinical experience, specialist status), data describing the client (age, gender, educational status). Raw percentage of agreement (RPA) between answers of clinicians and clients as well as factors potentially influencing the RPA were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 230 clients being approached 151 (65.7%) and 70 (30.4%) clients responded to the first and second questionnaire, respectively (130 dog and 30 cat owners). The general RPA between clinician's and client's responses over all questions together was 68.9% and 66.8% at the 2 time points. Questions regarding adverse effects of medication (29.0%), residual clinical signs (35.8%), and confinement instructions (36.8%) had the lowest RPAs at the first time point. The age of clients (P = .008) negatively influenced RPAs, with clients older than 50 years having lower RPA. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Clients can only partially reproduce information provided at discharge. Only clients' increasing age influenced recall of information. Instructions deemed to be important should be specifically stressed during discharge.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos , Enfermedades de los Perros , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso , Gatos , Perros , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/terapia , Enfermedades de los Perros/terapia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/veterinaria , Hospitales Veterinarios , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Alta del Paciente , Veterinarios/psicologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The goals were to determine the environmental levels of desflurane waste anesthetic gas and the desflurane occupational exposure of operating room staff during the anesthesia of large animal veterinary patients. METHODS: Active environmental sampling was performed using single-beam infrared spectrophotometry. Passive sampling with dosimeter badges was used to measure the occupational exposure of anesthesia and operating room staff. RESULTS: Higher concentrations of desflurane (n = 16) were measured at all recovery timepoints relative to the concentrations measured at all locations and timepoints at the start of anesthesia and surgery ( P < 0.05). Time-weighted average desflurane concentrations from dosimeter badges (n = 310) were higher for anesthesia staff than for other operating room personnel ( P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The anesthetic recovery of large animal patients is a period of increased exposure to desflurane waste anesthetic gas for veterinary staff.