RESUMEN
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) belongs to the class IIb group of the histone deacetylase family, which participates in remodelling of various tissues. Herein, we sought to examine the potential regulation of HDAC6 in cardiac remodelling post-infarction. Experimental myocardial infarction (MI) was created in HDAC6-deficient (HDAC6-/-) mice and wild-type (HADC6+/+) by left coronary artery ligation. At days 0 and 14 post-MI, we evaluated cardiac function, morphology and molecular endpoints of repair and remodelling. At day 14 after surgery, the ischemic myocardium had increased levels of HADC6 gene and protein of post-MI mice compared to the non-ischemic myocardium of control mice. As compared with HDAC6-/--MI mice, HADC6 deletion markedly improved infarct size and cardiac fibrosis as well as impaired left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fraction shortening. At the molecular levels, HDAC6-/- resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1), phosphor-Smad-2/3, collagen I and collagen III proteins and/or in the ischemic cardiac tissues. All of these beneficial effects were reproduced by a pharmacological inhibition of HADC6 in vivo. In vitro, hypoxic stress increased the expressions of HADC6 and collagen I and III gene; these alterations were significantly prevented by the HADC6 silencing and TubA loading. These findings indicated that HADC6 deficiency resists ischemic injury by a reduction of TGF-ß1/Smad2/3 signalling activation, leading to decreased extracellular matrix production, which reduces cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction, providing a potential molecular target in the treatment of patients with MI.
Asunto(s)
Fibrosis , Histona Desacetilasa 6 , Infarto del Miocardio , Transducción de Señal , Proteína Smad2 , Proteína smad3 , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1 , Remodelación Ventricular , Animales , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/patología , Infarto del Miocardio/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Proteína Smad2/metabolismo , Ratones , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilasa 6/genética , Proteína smad3/metabolismo , Proteína smad3/genética , Miocardio/metabolismo , Miocardio/patología , Ratones Noqueados , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease characterized by excessive inflammation and production of pathogenic Abs. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a class IIb histone deacetylase. It has been reported that selective HDAC6 inhibition decreases inflammation in lupus mouse models. In this study, sex- and age-matched wild-type (WT) and HDAC6-/- mice on the C57BL/6 background were administered 0.5 ml of pristane or PBS i.p. at 8-12 wk of age and were euthanized 10 d later. At sacrifice, body weight and spleen weight were measured, sera were collected, and splenocytes and peritoneal cells were harvested for flow cytometry. We found pristane administration increased the spleen weight with no difference between WT and HDAC6-/- mice. Pristane administration promoted the population of CD11b+Ly6C++ inflammatory monocytes and CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils. Peritoneal recruitment of these inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils was significantly decreased in HDAC6-/- mice compared with the WT mice. Flow cytometry results showed that the number of CD69+ T and B cells was increased in HDAC6-/- mice. Pristane administration also induced the IFN signature genes as determined by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, IFN signature genes were not affected in HDAC6-/- mice compared with the WT mice. In vitro studies in J774A.1 cells revealed that the selective HDAC6 inhibitor (ACY-738) increased acetylation of NF-κB while increasing Stat1 phosphorylation, which resulted in inducible NO synthase production in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that although HDAC6 inhibition may inhibit some inflammatory pathways, others remain unaffected.
Asunto(s)
Histona Desacetilasa 6 , Inflamación , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Terpenos , Animales , Histona Desacetilasa 6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Histona Desacetilasa 6/genética , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Terpenos/farmacología , Ratones , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/genética , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/inmunología , Bazo/inmunología , Bazo/metabolismo , Bazo/citología , Monocitos/metabolismo , Monocitos/inmunología , Monocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT1/metabolismo , Masculino , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Linfocitos B/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Mechanical unloading-induced bone loss threatens prolonged spaceflight and human health. Recent studies have confirmed that osteoporosis is associated with a significant reduction in bone microvessels, but the relationship between them and the underlying mechanism under mechanical unloading are still unclear. METHODS: We established a 2D clinostat and hindlimb-unloaded (HLU) mouse model to simulate unloading in vitro and in vivo. Micro-CT scanning was performed to assess changes in the bone microstructure and mass of the tibia. The levels of CD31, Endomucin (EMCN) and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in tibial microvessels were detected by immunofluorescence (IF) staining. In addition, we established a coculture system of microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) and osteoblasts, and qRTâPCR or western blotting was used to detect RNA and protein expression; cell proliferation was detected by CCKâ8 and EdU assays. ChIP was used to detect whether HDAC6 binds to the miRNA promoter region. RESULTS: Bone mass and bone microvessels were simultaneously significantly reduced in HLU mice. Furthermore, MVECs effectively promoted the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts under coculture conditions in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that the HDAC6 content was significantly reduced in the bone microvessels of HLU mice and that HDAC6 inhibited the expression of miR-375-3p by reducing histone acetylation in the miR-375 promoter region in MVECs. miR-375-3p was upregulated under unloading and it could inhibit MVEC proliferation by directly targeting low-density lipoprotein-related receptor 5 (LRP5) expression. In addition, silencing HDAC6 promoted the miR-375-3p/LRP5 pathway to suppress MVEC proliferation under mechanical unloading, and regulation of HDAC6/miR-375-3p axis in MVECs could affect osteoblast proliferation under coculture conditions. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that disuse-induced bone loss may be closely related to a reduction in the number of bone microvessels and that the modulation of MVEC function could improve bone loss induced by unloading. Mechanistically, the HDAC6/miR-375-3p/LRP5 pathway in MVECs might be a promising strategy for the clinical treatment of unloading-induced bone loss.
Asunto(s)
Proliferación Celular , Células Endoteliales , Epigénesis Genética , Suspensión Trasera , Histona Desacetilasa 6 , MicroARNs , Microvasos , Osteoblastos , Animales , MicroARNs/metabolismo , MicroARNs/genética , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilasa 6/genética , Microvasos/patología , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Diferenciación Celular , Masculino , Resorción Ósea/patología , Secuencia de Bases , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Lewy body disease (LBD), one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), is characterized by excessive accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in neurons. In recent years, environmental factors such as exposure to herbicides and pesticides have been attributed to the development of this condition. While majority of the studies on neurotoxic effects of paraquat (PQ) have focused on α-syn-mediated neuronal damage in the early stages of α-syn accumulation in neurons, efforts to explore the key target for α-syn degradation are limited. Recent research has suggested that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) might possibly regulate amyloid clearance, and that the metabolism of compounds in neurons is also directly affected by axonal transport in neurons. Dynein predominantly mediates reverse transportation of metabolites and uptake of signal molecules and other compounds at the end of axons, which is conducive to the reuse of cell components. However, the role of interaction of dynein with HDAC6 in metabolites transport is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of HDAC6 in α-syn accumulation/clearance in neurons and the associated possible influencing factors. The results revealed that HDAC6 could transport ubiquitinated α-syn, bind to dynein, form an aggresome, and relocate to the center of the microtubule tissue, ultimately reducing abnormal accumulation of α-syn. However, PQ treatment resulted in HDAC6 upregulation, causing abnormal aggregation of α-syn. Taken together, these findings indicated that PQ exposure caused abnormal accumulation of α-syn and decreased effective degradation of α-syn by HDAC6-mediated aggresome-autophagy-lysosome pathway.
Asunto(s)
Dineínas , Histona Desacetilasa 6 , Paraquat , alfa-Sinucleína , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Paraquat/toxicidad , alfa-Sinucleína/metabolismo , Animales , Dineínas/metabolismo , Herbicidas/toxicidad , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/metabolismo , Neuronas/patología , Transporte Axonal/efectos de los fármacos , RatonesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Multiple factors contribute to the development of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). This study was designed to investigate whether Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) was involved in the formation of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly mice by regulating the degree of acetylation of heat shock protein (HSP90) and related protein functions and quantities. METHODS: C57BL/6 J male mice were randomly divided into six groups: control naive (group Control), anesthesia (group Anesthesia), splenectomy surgery (group Surgery), splenectomy surgery plus dissolvent (group Vehicles), splenectomy surgery plus the inhibitor ACY-1215 (group Ricolinostat), and splenectomy surgery plus the inhibitor RU-486(group Mifepristone). After the mice were trained for Morris Water Maze (MWM) test for five days, anesthesia and operational surgery were carried out the following day. Cognitive function was assessed on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days post-surgery. The hippocampi were harvested on days 1, 3, and 7 post-surgeries for Western blots and ELISA assays. RESULTS: Mice with the splenectomy surgery displayed the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis), marked an increase in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid at the molecular level and impaired spatial memory in the MWM test. The hippocampus of surgical groups showed a decrease in acetylated HSP90, a rise in glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-HSP90 association, and an increase in GR phosphorylation and translocation. HDAC6 was increased after the surgical treated. Using two specific inhibitors, HDAC6 inhibitor Ricolinostat (ACY-1215) and GR inhibitor Mifepristone (RU-486), can partially mitigate the effects caused by surgical operation. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal surgery may impair hippocampal spatial memory, possibly through the HDAC6-triggered increase in the function of HSP90, consequently strengthening the negative role of steroids in cognitive function. Targeting HDAC6- HSP90/GR signaling may provide a potential avenue for the treatment of the impairment of cognitive function after surgery.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas HSP90 de Choque Térmico , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Receptores de Glucocorticoides , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Proteínas HSP90 de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Proteínas HSP90 de Choque Térmico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/antagonistas & inhibidores , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilasa 6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Esplenectomía , Complicaciones Cognitivas Postoperatorias/metabolismo , Complicaciones Cognitivas Postoperatorias/etiología , Mifepristona/farmacología , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/metabolismo , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/etiología , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Envejecimiento/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilasas/metabolismo , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Cardiotoxicity associated with chemotherapy has gradually become the major cause of death in cancer patients. The development of bifunctional drugs with both cardioprotective and antitumor effects has become the future direction. HDAC6 plays important roles in the progression, treatment, and prognosis of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, but bifunctional inhibitors have not been reported. Herein, structure-activity relationship studies driven by pharmacophore-based remodification and fragment-based design were performed to yield highly potent HDAC6 inhibitor I-c4 containing imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine. Importantly, I-c4 effectively suppressed the growth of MGC-803 xenografts in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the deacetylation pathway without causing myocardial damage after long-term administration. Meanwhile, I-c4 could mitigate severe myocardial damage against H2O2 or myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in vitro and in vivo. Further studies revealed that the cardioprotective effect of I-c4 was associated with reduction of inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, I-c4 may represent a novel lead compound for further development of an anticarcinogen with a cardioprotective effect.
Asunto(s)
Cardiotónicos , Histona Desacetilasa 6 , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas , Piridinas , Humanos , Animales , Piridinas/farmacología , Piridinas/química , Piridinas/síntesis química , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/química , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/uso terapéutico , Histona Desacetilasa 6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Cardiotónicos/farmacología , Cardiotónicos/química , Cardiotónicos/síntesis química , Cardiotónicos/uso terapéutico , Ratones , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Masculino , Imidazoles/farmacología , Imidazoles/química , Imidazoles/síntesis química , Imidazoles/uso terapéutico , Ratones Desnudos , Descubrimiento de DrogasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Flotillin-2 (FLOT2) is a prototypical oncogenic and a potential target for cancer therapy. However, strategies for targeting FLOT2 remain undefined. Post-translational modifications are crucial for regulating protein stability, function, and localization. Understanding the mechanisms and roles of post-translational modifications is key to developing targeted therapies. This study aims to investigate the regulation and function of lysine acetylation of FLOT2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, providing new insights for targeting FLOT2 in cancer intervention. METHODS: The PhosphoSitePlus database was used to analyze the lysine acetylation sites of FLOT2, and a lysine acetylation site mutation of FLOT2 [FLOT2 (K211R)] was constructed. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells were treated with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) and Sirt family deacetylase inhibitor nicotinamide (NAM). TSA-treated human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293T were transfected with FLOT2 mutant plasmids. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to detect total acetylation levels of FLOT2 and the effects of specific lysine (K) site mutations on FLOT2 acetylation. Western blotting was used to detect FLOT2/FLAG-FLOT2 protein expression in TSA-treated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells transfected with FLOT mutant plasmids, and real-time reverse transcription PCR (real-time RT-PCR) was used to detect FLOT2 mRNA expression. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells were treated with TSA combined with MG132 or chloroquine (CQ) to analyze FLOT2 protein expression. Cycloheximide (CHX) was used to treat HEK-293T cells transfected with FLAG-FLOT2 (WT) or FLAG-FLOT2(K211R) plasmids to assess protein degradation rates. The BioGrid database was used to identify potential interactions between FLOT2 and HDAC6, which were validated by Co-IP. HEK-293T cells were co-transfected with FLAG-FLOT2 (WT)/FLAG-FLOT2 (K211R) and Vector/HDAC6 plasmids, and grouped into FLAG-FLOT2 (WT)+Vector, FLAG-FLOT2 (WT)+HDAC6, FLAG-FLOT2 (K211R)+Vector, and FLAG-FLOT2 (K211R)+HDAC6 to analyze the impact of K211R mutation on total lysine acetylation levels. In 6-0B cells, overexpression of FLOT2 (WT) and FLOT2 (K211R) was performed, and the biological functions of FLOT2 acetylation site mutants were assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, and Transwell invasion assays. RESULTS: The PhosphoSitePlus database indicated that FLOT2 has an acetylation modification at the K211 site. Co-IP confirmed significant acetylation of FLOT2, with TSA significantly increasing overall FLOT2 acetylation levels, while NAM had no effect. Mutation at the K211 site significantly reduced overall FLOT2 acetylation, unaffected by TSA. TSA decreased FLOT2 protein expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells without affecting FLOT2 mRNA levels or FLOT2 (K211R) protein expression in transfected cells. The degradation rate of FLOT2 (K211R) protein was significantly slower than that of FLOT2 (WT). The proteasome inhibitor MG132 prevented TSA-induced FLOT2 degradation, while the lysosome inhibitor CQ did not. BioGrid data suggested a potential interaction between FLOT2 and HDAC6, confirmed by Co-IP. Knockdown of HDAC6 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells significantly increased FLOT2 acetylation; co-transfection of HDAC6 and FLAG-FLOT2 (WT) significantly decreased total lysine acetylation levels, whereas co-transfection of HDAC6 and FLAG-FLOT2 (K211R) had no effect. Knockdown of HDAC6 significantly reduced FLOT2 protein levels without affecting mRNA levels. MG132 prevented HDAC6-knockdown-induced FLOT2 degradation. Knockdown of HDAC6 significantly accelerated FLOT2 degradation. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells transfected with FLOT2 (K211R) showed significantly higher proliferation and invasion than those transfected with FLOT2 (WT). CONCLUSIONS: The K211 site of FLOT2 undergoes acetylation modification, and HDAC6 mediates deacetylation at this site, inhibiting proteasomal degradation of FLOT2 and maintaining its stability and tumor-promoting function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Asunto(s)
Histona Desacetilasa 6 , Proteínas de la Membrana , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Humanos , Acetilación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Células HEK293 , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilasa 6/genética , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/farmacología , Lisina/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Mutación , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/metabolismo , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/genética , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/genética , Niacinamida/farmacología , Procesamiento Proteico-PostraduccionalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are crucial regulators of gene expression, DNA synthesis, and cellular processes, making them essential targets in cancer research. HDAC6, specifically, influences protein stability and chromatin dynamics. Despite HDAC6's potential therapeutic value, its exact role in gene regulation and chromatin remodeling needs further clarification. This study examines how HDAC6 inactivation influences lysine acetyltransferase P300 stabilization and subsequent effects on chromatin structure and function in cancer cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: We employed the HDAC6 inhibitor ITF3756, siRNA, or CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to inactivate HDAC6 in different epigenomic backgrounds. Constantly, this inactivation led to significant changes in chromatin accessibility, particularly increased acetylation of histone H3 lysines 9, 14, and 27 (ATAC-seq and H3K27Ac ChIP-seq analysis). Transcriptomics, proteomics, and gene ontology analysis revealed gene changes in cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and apoptosis. Significantly, HDAC6 inactivation altered P300 ubiquitination, stabilizing P300 and leading to downregulating genes critical for cancer cell survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the substantial impact of HDAC6 inactivation on the chromatin landscape of cancer cells and suggests a role for P300 in contributing to the anticancer effects. The stabilization of P300 with HDAC6 inhibition proposes a potential shift in therapeutic focus from HDAC6 itself to its interaction with P300. This finding opens new avenues for developing targeted cancer therapies, improving our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in cancer cells.
Asunto(s)
Cromatina , Histona Desacetilasa 6 , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas , Humanos , Histona Desacetilasa 6/genética , Histona Desacetilasa 6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Cromatina/genética , Cromatina/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Acetilación/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/genética , Proteína p300 Asociada a E1A/genética , Proteína p300 Asociada a E1A/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/genética , Histonas/metabolismo , Ubiquitinación/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The primary cilium behaves as a platform for sensing and integrating extracellular cues to control a plethora of cellular activities. However, the functional interaction of this sensory organelle with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. Here, we reveal a critical role for cylindromatosis (CYLD) in reciprocally linking the EMT program and ciliary homeostasis during pulmonary fibrosis. A close correlation between the EMT program and primary cilia is observed in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis as well as TGF-ß-induced EMT model. Mechanistic study reveals that downregulation of CYLD underlies the crosstalk between EMT and ciliary homeostasis by inactivating histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) during pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, manipulation of primary cilia is an effective means to modulate the EMT program. Collectively, these results identify a pivotal role for the CYLD/HDAC6 signaling in regulating the reciprocal interplay between the EMT program and ciliary homeostasis during pulmonary fibrosis.
Asunto(s)
Cilios , Enzima Desubiquitinante CYLD , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Histona Desacetilasa 6 , Homeostasis , Fibrosis Pulmonar , Transducción de Señal , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilasa 6/genética , Fibrosis Pulmonar/metabolismo , Fibrosis Pulmonar/patología , Fibrosis Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Animales , Cilios/metabolismo , Cilios/patología , Enzima Desubiquitinante CYLD/metabolismo , Ratones , Humanos , Bleomicina , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismo , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The global outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 has led to millions of deaths. This unanticipated emergency has prompted virologists across the globe to delve deeper into the intricate dynamicity of the host-virus interface with an aim to identify antiviral targets and elucidate host and viral determinants of severe disease. AIM: The present study was undertaken to analyse the role of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in regulating SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: Gradual increase in HDAC6 expression was observed in different SARS-CoV-2-permissive cell lines following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N protein) was identified as the primary viral factor responsible for upregulating HDAC6 expression. Downregulation of HDAC6 using shRNA or a specific inhibitor tubacin resulted in reduced viral replication suggesting proviral role of its deacetylase activity. Further investigations uncovered the interaction of HDAC6 with stress granule protein G3BP1 and N protein during infection. HDAC6-mediated deacetylation of SARS-CoV-2 N protein was found to be crucial for its association with G3BP1. CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the disruption of cytoplasmic stress granules during SARS-CoV-2 infection and highlights the significance of HDAC6 in the process.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Proteínas de la Nucleocápside de Coronavirus , Histona Desacetilasa 6 , SARS-CoV-2 , Replicación Viral , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilasa 6/genética , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/fisiología , Proteínas de la Nucleocápside de Coronavirus/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Nucleocápside de Coronavirus/genética , COVID-19/virología , COVID-19/metabolismo , Proteínas con Motivos de Reconocimiento de ARN/metabolismo , Acetilación , Línea Celular , Chlorocebus aethiops , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Células Vero , Animales , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno , Proteínas de Unión a Poli-ADP-Ribosa , ADN Helicasas , ARN HelicasasRESUMEN
Brain injury after cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the leading cause of neurological dysfunction and death. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in neurofunctional recovery following CA/CPR in rats. A rat model was established by CA/CPR treatment. Adenovirus-packaged sh-HDAC6 was injected into the tail vein. To evaluate the neurofunction of rats, survival time, neurofunctional scores, serum NSE/S100B, and brain water content were measured and Morris water maze test was performed. HDAC6, microRNA (miR)-138-5p, Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and pyroptotic factor levels were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot assay. HDAC6 and H3K9ac enrichment on miR-138-5p promoter were examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. miR-138-5p-NLRP3 binding was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. NLRP3 inflammasome was activated with nigericin sodium salt. After CPR treatment, HDAC6 was highly expressed, while miR-138-5p was downregulated. HDAC6 downregulation improved neurofunction and reduced pyroptosis. HDAC6 enrichment on the miR-138-5p promoter deacetylated H3K9ac, inhibiting miR-138-5p, and promoting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. Downregulating miR-138-5p partially reversed the protective effect of HDAC6 inhibition after CPR. In Conclusion, HDAC6 enrichment on miR-138-5p promoter deacetylated H3K9ac, inhibiting miR-138-5p expression and promoting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, worsening neurological dysfunction in rats after CPR.
Asunto(s)
Reanimación Cardiopulmonar , Histona Desacetilasa 6 , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR , Piroptosis , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Animales , Piroptosis/fisiología , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Ratas , Masculino , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Paro Cardíaco/complicaciones , Paro Cardíaco/metabolismo , Recuperación de la Función/fisiología , Inflamasomas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common gastrointestinal problem characterized by the mucosal injury primarily affecting the large intestine. Currently available therapies are not satisfactory as evidenced by high relapse rate and adverse effects. In this study we aimed to develop an effective drug delivery system using reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive thioketal nanoparticles (TKNP), to deliver tubastatin A, a potent HDAC6 inhibitor, to the inflamed colon in mice with ulcerative colitis (UC). TKNPs were synthesized by step-growth polymerization from an acetal exchange reaction while TUBA-TKNP was prepared using the single emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Our developed nanoparticle showed release of tubastatin A only in presence of ROS which is found to be highly present at the site of inflamed colon. Oral administration of TUBA-TKNP resulted in the higher accumulation of tubastatin A at the inflamed colon site and decreased the inflammation as evidenced by reduced infiltration of immune cells and decreased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in TUBA-TKNP treated mice. In summary, our results show the successful localization of tubastatin A at the site of colon inflammation through TUBA-TKNP delivery, as well as resolution of clinical features of UC in mice.
Asunto(s)
Colitis Ulcerosa , Histona Desacetilasa 6 , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas , Ácidos Hidroxámicos , Indoles , Nanopartículas , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Animales , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Histona Desacetilasa 6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/química , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacocinética , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/uso terapéutico , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/química , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/uso terapéutico , Ratones , Nanopartículas/administración & dosificación , Nanopartículas/química , Indoles/administración & dosificación , Indoles/química , Colon/metabolismo , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/patología , Masculino , Sistema de Administración de Fármacos con Nanopartículas/química , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/química , Citocinas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Our previously reported HDAC6 inhibitor (HDAC6i) Marbostat-100 (4) has provided many arguments for further clinical evaluation. By the substitution of the acidic hydrogen of 4 for different carbon residues, we were able to generate an all-carbon stereocenter, which significantly improves the hydrolytic stability of the inhibitor. Further asymmetric synthesis has shown that the (S)-configured inhibitors preferentially bind to HDAC6. This led to the highly selective and potent methyl-substituted derivative S-29b, which elicited a long-lasting tubulin hyperacetylation in MV4-11 cells. Finally, a crystal structure of the HDAC6/S-29b complex provided mechanistic explanation for the high potency and stereoselectivity of synthesized compound series.
Asunto(s)
Carbolinas , Histona Desacetilasa 6 , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas , Humanos , Carbolinas/química , Carbolinas/farmacología , Carbolinas/síntesis química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Histona Desacetilasa 6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/química , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/síntesis química , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Morfolinas/síntesis química , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and HDAC6 mediate the NF-κB pathway in inflammatory responses, and their inhibitors exhibit powerful anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in treating both inflammation and pain. Therefore, a series of dual-targeting inhibitors containing urea or squaramide and hydroxamic acid moieties were designed and synthesized, and their role as a new sEH/HDAC6 dual-targeting inhibitor in inflammatory pain was evaluated in a formalin-induced mice model and a xylene-induced mouse ear swelling model. Among them, compounds 28g and 28j showed the best inhibitory and selectivity of sEH and HDAC6. Compound 28g had satisfactory pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats. Following administration at 30 mg/kg, compound 28g exhibited more effective analgesic activity than either an sEH inhibitor (GL-B437) or an HDAC6 inhibitor (Rocilinostat) alone and coadministration of both inhibitors. Thus, these novel sEH/HDAC6 dual-targeting inhibitors exhibited powerful analgesic activity in nociceptive behavior and are worthy of further development.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos , Diseño de Fármacos , Epóxido Hidrolasas , Histona Desacetilasa 6 , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas , Inflamación , Dolor , Animales , Histona Desacetilasa 6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Analgésicos/síntesis química , Analgésicos/farmacología , Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Analgésicos/farmacocinética , Analgésicos/química , Masculino , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/química , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacocinética , Epóxido Hidrolasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Epóxido Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Relación Estructura-Actividad , HumanosRESUMEN
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of various cancers, as its overexpression is linked to tumor growth, invasion, migration, survival, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Therefore, HDAC6 has emerged as an attractive target for anticancer drug discovery in the past decade. However, the development of conventional HDAC6 inhibitors has been hampered by their limited clinical efficacy, acquired resistance, and inability to inhibit non-enzymatic functions of HDAC6. To overcome these challenges, new strategies, such as dual-acting inhibitors, targeted protein degradation (TPD) technologies (including PROTACs, HyT), are essential to enhance the anticancer activity of HDAC6 inhibitors. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the design and development of HDAC6 modulators, including isoform-selective HDAC6 inhibitors, HDAC6-based dual-target inhibitors, and targeted protein degraders (PROTACs, HyT), from the perspectives of rational design, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and clinical status. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions for HDAC6-based drug discovery for cancer therapy.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Histona Desacetilasa 6 , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas , Neoplasias , Humanos , Histona Desacetilasa 6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/enzimología , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequeñas/farmacología , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequeñas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Among the HDACs family, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has attracted extensive attention due to its unique structure and biological functions. Numerous studies have shown that compared with broad-spectrum HDACs inhibitors, selective HDAC6 inhibitors exert ideal efficacy in tumor treatment with insignificant toxic and side effects, demonstrating promising clinical application prospect. Herein, we carried out rational drug design by integrating a deep learning model, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation technology to construct a virtual screening process. The designed derivatives with 5-phenyl-1H-indole fragment as Cap showed desirable cytotoxicity to the various tumor cell lines, all of which were within 15 µM (ranging from 0.35 to 14.87 µM), among which compound 5i had the best antiproliferative activities against HL-60 (IC50 = 0.35 ± 0.07 µM) and arrested HL-60 cells in the G0/G1 phase. In addition, 5i exhibited better isotype selective inhibitory activities due to the potent potency against HDAC6 (IC50 = 5.16 ± 0.25 nM) and the reduced inhibitory activities against HDAC1 (selective index ≈ 124), which was further verified by immunoblotting results. Moreover, the representative binding conformation of 5i on HDAC6 was revealed and the key residues contributing 5i's binding were also identified via decomposition free-energy analysis. The discovery of lead compound 5i also indicates that virtual screening is still a beneficial tool in drug discovery and can provide more molecular skeletons with research potential for drug design, which is worthy of widespread application.
Asunto(s)
Diseño de Fármacos , Histona Desacetilasa 6 , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas , Indoles , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Descubrimiento de Drogas/métodos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Histona Desacetilasa 6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/química , Indoles/farmacología , Indoles/química , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Interfaz Usuario-ComputadorRESUMEN
Inherited retinal diseases, which include retinitis pigmentosa, are a family of genetic disorders characterized by gradual rod-cone degeneration and vision loss, without effective pharmacological treatments. Experimental approaches aim to delay disease progression, supporting cones' survival, crucial for human vision. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) mediate the activation of epigenetic and nonepigenetic pathways that modulate cone degeneration in RP mouse models. We developed new HDAC inhibitors (5a-p), typified by a tetrahydro-γ-carboline scaffold, characterized by high HDAC6 inhibition potency with balanced physicochemical properties for in vivo studies. Compound 5d (repistat, IC50 HDAC6 = 6.32 nM) increased the levels of acetylated α-tubulin compared to histone H3 in ARPE-19 and 661W cells. 5d promoted vision rescue in the atp6v0e1-/- zebrafish model of photoreceptor dysfunction. A single intravitreal injection of 5d in the rd10 mouse model of RP supported morphological and functional preservation of cone cells and maintenance of the retinal pigment epithelium array.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas , Células Fotorreceptoras Retinianas Conos , Pez Cebra , Animales , Células Fotorreceptoras Retinianas Conos/metabolismo , Células Fotorreceptoras Retinianas Conos/efectos de los fármacos , Células Fotorreceptoras Retinianas Conos/patología , Humanos , Ratones , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/química , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/uso terapéutico , Retinitis Pigmentosa/metabolismo , Retinitis Pigmentosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Retinitis Pigmentosa/patología , Histona Desacetilasas/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilasa 6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Aim: To determine the mechanism of Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in bone healing.Materials & methods: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and inflammatory-factor levels were detected using ELISA. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed using Alizarin red staining technique. The interaction between histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and A-kinase anchoring protein 12 (AKAP12) was investigated through Co- immunoprecipitation.Results: CGRP treatment promoted rat bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) M2 polarization. CGRP facilitated osteogenic differentiation by enhancing M2 polarization of BMDMs. Mechanistically, CGRP promoted AKAP12 acetylation to activate the extracellular regulated protein kinases pathway by HDAC6 inhibition.Conclusion: CGRP promoted M2 polarization of rat BMDMs and facilitated osteogenic differentiation through the HDAC6/AKAP12/extracellular regulated protein kinases signaling pathway, thereby promoting bone healing.
[Box: see text].
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Anclaje a la Quinasa A , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina , Diferenciación Celular , Macrófagos , Osteogénesis , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Proteínas de Anclaje a la Quinasa A/metabolismo , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/metabolismo , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/farmacología , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/citología , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
Because of synergism between tubulin and HDAC inhibitors, we used the pharmacophore fusion strategy to generate potential tubulin-HDAC dual inhibitors. Drug design was based on the introduction of a N-hydroxyacrylamide or a N-hydroxypropiolamide at the 5-position of the 2-aroylbenzo[b]furan skeleton, to produce compounds 6a-i and 11a-h, respectively. Among the synthesized compounds, derivatives 6a, 6c, 6e, 6g, 11a, and 11c showed excellent antiproliferative activity, with IC50 values at single- or double-digit nanomolar levels, against the A549, HT-29, and MCF-7 cells resistant towards the control compound combretastatin A-4 (CA-4). Compounds 11a and 6g were also 10-fold more active than CA-4 against the Hela cell line. When comparing the inhibition of tubulin polymerization versus the HDAC6 inhibitory activity, we found that 6a-g, 6i, 11a, 11c, and 11e, although very potent as inhibitors of tubulin assembly, did not have significant inhibitory activity against HDAC6.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Benzofuranos , Proliferación Celular , Ácidos Hidroxámicos , Moduladores de Tubulina , Tubulina (Proteína) , Humanos , Benzofuranos/farmacología , Benzofuranos/química , Benzofuranos/síntesis química , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacología , Moduladores de Tubulina/síntesis química , Moduladores de Tubulina/química , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/farmacología , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/química , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/síntesis química , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/química , Células HeLa , Histona Desacetilasa 6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Células MCF-7 , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Células HT29RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Primary cilia on the surface of eukaryotic cells serve as sensory antennas for the reception and transmission in various cell signaling pathways. They are dynamic organelles that rapidly form during differentiation and cell cycle exit. Defects in these organelles cause a group of wide-ranging disorders called ciliopathies. Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) is a pleiotropic stress protein that mediates various physiological and pathological cellular responses. TonEBP is well-known for its role in adaptation to a hypertonic environment, to which primary cilia have been reported to contribute. Furthermore, TonEBP is involved in a wide variety of other signaling pathways, such as Sonic Hedgehog and WNT signaling, that promote primary ciliogenesis, suggesting a possible regulatory role. However, the functional relationship between TonEBP and primary ciliary formation remains unclear. METHODS: TonEBP siRNAs and TonEBP-mCherry plasmids were used to examine their effects on cell ciliation rates, assembly and disassembly processes, and regulators. Serum starvation was used as a condition to induce ciliogenesis. RESULTS: We identified a novel pericentriolar localization for TonEBP. The results showed that TonEBP depletion facilitates the formation of primary cilia, whereas its overexpression results in fewer ciliated cells. Moreover, TonEBP controlled the expression and activity of aurora kinase A, a major negative regulator of ciliogenesis. Additionally, TonEBP overexpression inhibited the loss of CP110 from the mother centrioles during the early stages of primary cilia assembly. Finally, TonEBP regulated the localization of PCM1 and AZI1, which are necessary for primary cilia formation. CONCLUSIONS: This study proposes a novel role for TonEBP as a pericentriolar protein that regulates the integrity of centriolar satellite components. This regulation has shown to have a negative effect on ciliogenesis. Investigations into cilium assembly and disassembly processes suggest that TonEBP acts upstream of the aurora kinase A - histone deacetylase 6 signaling pathway and affects basal body formation to control ciliogenesis. Taken together, our data proposes previously uncharacterized regulation of primary cilia assembly by TonEBP.