RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Identification of biomarkers associated with immune-mediated diseases in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is an evolving field. OBJECTIVES: We sought to use a carefully phenotyped cohort to study immune parameters associated with autoimmunity and atopy in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome to define biomarkers associated with immune-mediated disease in this syndrome. METHODS: Chart review validated autoimmune disease and atopic condition diagnoses. Laboratory data were extracted for each subcohort and plotted according to age. A random-effects model was used to define statistical significance. RESULTS: CD19, CD4, and CD4/45RA lymphocyte populations were not different from the general cohort for patients with atopic conditions. CD4/45RA T cells were significantly lower in the subjects with immune thrombocytopenia compared with the general cohort, and CD4 T-cell counts were lower in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanisms of autoimmunity in cytopenias may be distinct from those of solid-organ autoimmunity in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. This study identifies potential biomarkers for risk stratification among commonly obtained laboratory studies.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Síndrome de DiGeorge/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Fenotipo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
La alergia alimentaria se ha venido incrementando a nivel mundial, afectando alrededor del 1,5 % a 2,5 % de los adultos y 6 % de los niños, y tiene un gran impacto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus cuidadores, debido a las dietas de restricción. Los alérgenos más prevalentes son la leche, el huevo, el trigo, la soja, los frutos secos, el maní, el pescado y los mariscos. Las leguminosas mejor estudiadas son el maní y la soja; otras leguminosas como las lentejas, garbanzos y arvejas representan la quinta causa de alergia alimentaria en el área mediterránea, en Turquía y en la India, siendo menos prevalentes en otras áreas geográficas. La alergia a las leguminosas es una entidad infrecuente en Colombia, se desconoce la prevalencia en el país. Describimos los primeros dos casos de anafilaxia por lentejas reportados en el país. Ambos pacientes menores de 18 años, con reacciones adversas tras la ingesta de leguminosas, en las cuales se demuestra alergia mediada por IgE a las lentejas y además sensibilización en el primer caso a las arvejas y garbanzos, y en el segundo caso a los frijoles. Diferentes datos sobre la prevalencia se han descrito en varias áreas geográficas, siendo mayor en países con dietas mediterráneas. Las reacciones mediadas por IgE suelen aparecer incluso con el alimento altamente cocido, debido a la termo-estabilidad de las proteínas. La reactividad cruzada más frecuente se relaciona con los garbanzos y las arvejas
Food allergy has been increasing worldwide. Affects around 1.5% to 2.5% of adults and 6% of children, and has a great impact on the quality of life of patients and their caregivers, due to restricted diets. The most prevalent allergens are milk, egg, wheat, soy, tree nuts, peanuts, fish and shellfish. The best studied legumes are peanuts and soybeans; other legumes such as lentils, chickpeas and peas represent the fifth cause of food allergy in the Mediterranean area, Turkey and India, being less prevalent in other geographical areas. Allergy to legumes is not common in Colombia, the prevalence in the country is unknown. We describe the first two cases of legumes anaphylaxis reported in the country. Both patients were under 18 years of age, with adverse reactions after ingesting legumes, in which IgE-mediated allergy was demonstrated; in the first case to lentils, peas and chickpeas, and in the second case, to lentils and beans. Different data on prevalence have been described in various geographical areas, being higher in countries with Mediterranean diets. IgE-mediated reactions usually appear even with highly cooked food, due to the thermo-stability of proteins. The most frequent cross-reactivity is related to chickpeas and peas
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Niño , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/etiología , Fabaceae/efectos adversos , Urticaria/etiología , Colombia , Pisum sativum/efectos adversos , Cicer/efectos adversos , Lens (Planta)/efectos adversos , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/etiología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Anafilaxia/etiologíaRESUMEN
We collected peripheral blood from thirty-nine elite male endurance runners at rest (24 hours after the last exercise session) and used the Allergy Questionnaire for Athletes score and plasma specific IgE level to separate them into atopic and non-atopic athletes. Neutrophils obtained from atopic and non-atopic athletes were subsequently stimulated in vitro with fMLP (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine), LPS (lipopolysaccharide), or PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate). Neutrophils from non-atopic runners responded appropriately to LPS, as evidenced by the production of pro (IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines. Neutrophils from atopic elite runners exhibited lower responses to LPS stimulus as indicated by no increase in IL-1ß, TNF-α, and IL-6 production. Neutrophils from non-atopic and atopic runners responded similarly to fMLP stimulation, indicating that migration function remained unaltered. Both groups were unresponsive to PMA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Training hours and training volume were not associated with neutrophil IgE receptor gene expression or any evaluated neutrophil function. Since non-atopic runners normally responded to LPS stimulation, the reduced neutrophil response to the stimuli was most likely due to the atopic state and not exercise training. The findings reported are of clinical relevance because atopic runners exhibit a constant decline in competition performance and are more susceptible to invading microorganisms.
Asunto(s)
Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Adulto , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/metabolismo , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Inmunoglobulina E/genética , Infecciones , Lipopolisacáridos/metabolismo , Masculino , N-Formilmetionina Leucil-Fenilalanina/metabolismo , Activación Neutrófila , Resistencia Física , Carrera , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of pediatric asthma on patients of a specialized outpatient clinic in Southern Brazil. METHODS: The study included children aged 8 to 17 years old with asthma diagnosis (mild, moderate and severe) under treatment at the asthma clinic of Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil. Measurements of spirometry, quality of life, disease control and atopy tests were applied. RESULTS: A total of 66 children were included in the study and divided into groups, according to the severity of the disease: mild, moderate or severe asthma. The results showed similarities in both the treatment and the impact of asthma between groups, except for adherence to treatment: the group with mild asthma showed least adherence to treatment, and the group with severe asthma, greater adherence (p=0.011). As to school absenteeism, the group with severe asthma showed higher frequency (p=0.012), with over 10 days per year (p=0.043). Spirometry showed lower volume/capacity for the group with moderate asthma, followed by the groups with severe and mild asthma. All groups had a high prevalence of allergic asthma, with mites as the main allergens. For quality of life (QOL), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) levels, there were no differences between groups. In addition, the values were close to the acceptable levels for the total score and for each one of the six domains. The same occurred for the HRQOL-asthma module. CONCLUSIONS: QOL and HRQOL present acceptable levels regardless of the severity of the disease.
Asunto(s)
Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Asma/psicología , Pacientes Ambulatorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Cumplimiento y Adherencia al Tratamiento/estadística & datos numéricos , Absentismo , Adolescente , Alérgenos/efectos adversos , Animales , Asma/epidemiología , Asma/inmunología , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Masculino , Ácaros/inmunología , Prevalencia , Calidad de Vida , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Perfil de Impacto de Enfermedad , Espirometría/métodosRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of pediatric asthma on patients of a specialized outpatient clinic in Southern Brazil. Methods: The study included children aged 8 to 17 years old with asthma diagnosis (mild, moderate and severe) under treatment at the asthma clinic of Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil. Measurements of spirometry, quality of life, disease control and atopy tests were applied. Results: A total of 66 children were included in the study and divided into groups, according to the severity of the disease: mild, moderate or severe asthma. The results showed similarities in both the treatment and the impact of asthma between groups, except for adherence to treatment: the group with mild asthma showed least adherence to treatment, and the group with severe asthma, greater adherence (p=0.011). As to school absenteeism, the group with severe asthma showed higher frequency (p=0.012), with over 10 days per year (p=0.043). Spirometry showed lower volume/capacity for the group with moderate asthma, followed by the groups with severe and mild asthma. All groups had a high prevalence of allergic asthma, with mites as the main allergens. For quality of life (QOL), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) levels, there were no differences between groups. In addition, the values were close to the acceptable levels for the total score and for each one of the six domains. The same occurred for the HRQOL-asthma module. Conclusions: QOL and HRQOL present acceptable levels regardless of the severity of the disease.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da asma pediátrica de pacientes em acompanhamento ambulatorial em um centro de referência em pneumopediatria do Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Participaram do estudo crianças com idade entre oito e 17 anos, com diagnóstico de asma (leve, moderada e grave), em acompanhamento no ambulatório de asma do Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Foram verificadas medidas de espirometria, avaliação dos níveis de qualidade de vida, controle da doença e teste de atopia. Resultados: Sessenta e seis crianças participaram do estudo, divididas em três grupos (asma leve, moderada e grave). Evidenciaram-se semelhanças tanto no tratamento quanto no impacto da asma, exceto para a adesão ao tratamento (p=0,011), em que o grupo de asma leve é o que menos adere e o grupo de asma grave o que mais adere ao tratamento. Em relação ao absenteísmo escolar, o grupo de asma grave apresentou o maior valor (p=0,012), com mais de dez dias/ano (p=0,043). As espirometrias demonstram menor volume/capacidade para o grupo de asma moderada, seguido do grupo de asma grave e asma leve. Os grupos possuem alta prevalência de asma alérgica, tendo os ácaros como os principais alérgenos. Quanto à qualidade de vida (QV) e à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS), não houve diferença entre os grupos. Além disso, os valores apresentados estão próximos aos níveis aceitáveis, tanto para o escore total quanto para os seis domínios analisados. O mesmo ocorre para o módulo QVRS-asma. Conclusões: Os níveis de QV e de QVRS demonstram-se aceitáveis, independentemente da gravidade da doença.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Pacientes Ambulatorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Cumplimiento y Adherencia al Tratamiento/estadística & datos numéricos , Calidad de Vida , Asma/inmunología , Asma/psicología , Asma/epidemiología , Espirometría/métodos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Brasil/epidemiología , Alérgenos/efectos adversos , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Perfil de Impacto de Enfermedad , Absentismo , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Ácaros/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Mast cells (MCs) release pro-inflammatory mediators through a process called degranulation response. The latter may be induced by several conditions, including antigen recognition through immunoglobulin E (IgE) or "cross-linking," classically associated with Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Early in this reaction, Ca2+ influx and subsequent increase of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration are essential for MC degranulation. Several membrane channels that mediate Ca2+ influx have been proposed, but their role remains elusive. Here, we evaluated the possible contribution of pannexin-1 channels (Panx1 Chs), well-known as ATP-releasing channels, in the increase of intracellular Ca2+ triggered during cross-linking reaction of MCs. The contribution of Panx1 Chs in the degranulation response was evaluated in MCs from wild type (WT) and Panx1 knock out (Panx1-/-) mice after anti-ovalbumin (OVA) IgE sensitization. Notably, the degranulation response (toluidine blue and histamine release) was absent in Panx1-/- MCs. Moreover, WT MCs showed a rapid and transient increase in Ca2+ signal followed by a sustained increase after antigen stimulation. However, the sustained increase in Ca2+ signal triggered by OVA was absent in Panx1-/- MCs. Furthermore, OVA stimulation increased the membrane permeability assessed by dye uptake, a prevented response by Panx1 Ch but not by connexin hemichannel blockers and without effect on Panx1-/- MCs. Interestingly, the increase in membrane permeability of WT MCs was also prevented by suramin, a P2 purinergic inhibitor, suggesting that Panx1 Chs act as ATP-releasing channels impermeable to Ca2+. Accordingly, stimulation with exogenous ATP restored the degranulation response and sustained increase in Ca2+ signal of OVA stimulated Panx1-/- MCs. Moreover, opening of Panx1 Chs in Panx1 transfected HeLa cells increased dye uptake and ATP release but did not promote Ca2+ influx, confirming that Panx1 Chs permeable to ATP are not permeable to Ca2+. These data strongly suggest that during antigen recognition, Panx1 Chs contribute to the sustained Ca2+ signal increase via release of ATP that activates P2 receptors, playing a critical role in the sequential events that leads to degranulation response during Type I hypersensitivity reactions.
Asunto(s)
Degranulación de la Célula/fisiología , Conexinas/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Mastocitos/inmunología , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/inmunología , Animales , Conexinas/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/metabolismo , Mastocitos/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismoRESUMEN
Matured in the thymus, γδT cells can modulate the development of allergy in humans. The main γδT cell subsets have been described as interleukin (IL)-17A or interferon (IFN)-γ producers, but these cells can also produce other modulatory cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether IgG can modulate the profile of cytokine production by γδT cells during their maturation in the thymus and after its migration to peripheral tissues. Thymic tissues were obtained from 12 infants, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from adults (both groups without an atopic background). IgG was purified from atopic and non-atopic volunteers. Thymocytes and PBMCs were cultured with purified atopic or non-atopic IgG, and intracellular cytokine production and phenotype were assessed. Mock and IVIg conditions were used as controls. IgG from non-atopic individuals induced IFN-γ and IL-10 production by thymic γδT cells, and no effect was observed on peripheral γδT cells. IL-17 production was inhibited by non-atopic IgG on thymic γδT cells and augmented by atopic IgG on peripheral γδT cells. Modulated thymic γδT cells did not produce IFN-γ and IL-10 simultaneously. We additionally evaluated the phenotype of intrathymic γδT cells and observed that IgG from all groups could induce CD25 expression and could not influence the CD28 expression of these cells. This report describes evidence revealing that IgG may influence the production of IFN-γ and IL-10 by intrathymic γδT cells depending on the donor atopic state. This observation is unprecedented and needs to be considered in further studies in the IgG immunotherapy field.
Asunto(s)
Células Sanguíneas/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Timo/inmunología , Adulto , Diferenciación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/farmacología , Recién Nacido , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Activación de Linfocitos , Masculino , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T gamma-delta/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The immunopathogenesis of severe asthma has been associated with an inefficient regulatory response. There are a few studies about the CD4 T cells profile among individuals with severe asthma refractory to treatment. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the CD4 T lymphocyte profile from individuals with severe asthma according to their response to treatment, relating to their atopy status and age of asthma onset. METHODS: We evaluated nineteen individuals with severe asthma refractory to treatment (SAR), 21 with well-controlled or partly controlled severe asthma (CSA) and 23 with mild-to-moderate asthma (MMA). Lymphocytes were obtained from PBMC, and the frequency of expression of different molecules in this population was assessed using the flow cytometry. RESULTS: We observed the frequency of CD4+ IFN-γ+ T cells was higher in atopic individuals with SAR than with CSA. In addition, among the atopic and early-onset asthma (EOA), the frequency of CD4+ CTLA-4+ T cells was lower in the SAR group than the CSA group. In relation to non-atopic and late-onset asthma (LOA) phenotypes, we noted the frequency of CD4+ FoxP3+ T cells was lower in individuals with SAR than with CSA. We also observed among the LOA patients, the frequency of CD4+ TGF-ß+ T cells was decreased in SAR group than the in CSA group. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our data suggest that refractoriness to treatment in asthma is associated with a lower expression of distinct regulatory molecules by CD4 T cells between those who are atopic and have EOA and those who are non-atopic and have LOA. Thus, these results may contribute to the identification of new regulatory strategies to treat asthma according to their phenotypes.
Asunto(s)
Asma/inmunología , Asma/metabolismo , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Inmunomodulación , Adulto , Edad de Inicio , Asma/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores , Antígeno CTLA-4/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/patología , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Inmunofenotipificación , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Vitamina D/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Genetic variants underlying African ancestry have been suggested be implicated in the ethnic-racial inequalities reported for asthma and allergies. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between individual African ancestry and asthma symptoms, atopic and non-atopic asthma, and atopy in children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study encompassing 1190 individuals was conducted. African biogeographic ancestry was estimated using 370 539 genome-wide SNPs. Serum levels of specific IgE were measured, and skin prick test (SPT) performed for the most common local aeroallergens. Information on asthma symptoms was obtained by applying the International Study of Allergy and Asthma in Childhood questionnaire. The associations between the proportion of individual African ancestry and the outcomes investigated were analyzed through multivariate models adjusted for socio-environmental variables, infections markers, and psychosocial factors. RESULTS: Each 20% increase in the proportion of African ancestry was negatively associated with SPT reactivity (OR: 0.79, 95%CI: 0.66-0.96) and positively associated with asthma symptoms in non-atopic individuals (OR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.03-1.89). We estimated that socioeconomic status and number of infections mediated 28.4% of the effect of African ancestry on SPT reactivity, while 20.2% of the effect on non-atopic asthma was explained by socioeconomic status and behavioral problems in children. CONCLUSIONS: The negative association observed between African ancestry and atopy is most probably explained by unobserved environmental or social factors that covariate with ancestry. For non-atopic asthma, in turn, putative genetic variants of risk underlying African ancestry may play some role.
Asunto(s)
Asma/genética , Población Negra/genética , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/genética , Alérgenos/inmunología , Asma/sangre , Asma/inmunología , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/sangre , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Lactante , Recién Nacido , América Latina , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Pruebas CutáneasRESUMEN
Introduction: Mites are an important source of allergens in the tropics. Other potential sources of allergens prevalent in the region such as insects have been poorly studied. Objective: To determine the relationship between exposure and allergic sensitization to cockroaches, mosquitos, ants and the interaction with mite sensitization. Materials and methods: We included patients with allergy tests for Blatella germanica, Aedes aegypti, Solenopsis invicta, Blomia tropicalis, Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus. IgE sensitization was evaluated by intraepidermal tests. Exposure to insects in houses was evaluated using traps for crawling and flying insects. Results: A total amount of 186 patients were included; 73 (39.2%) of them were sensitized to an insect (cockroaches: 21%, mosquitoes: 29%, ants: 26,3%), 71 (97.2%) also had sensitization to mites. Of the 148 patients sensitized to mites, only 47.9% were sensitized to an insect. In total, 104 houses were evaluated: 74% had cockroaches, 22% ants, and 52% mosquitoes. Among insect-sensitized patients, the number of insects at home was directly related to the size of the weal generated during the skin test: Cockroaches, r=0.781, p<0.001; mosquitoes, r=0.811, p<0.001, and ants, r=0.840, p<0.001. Conclusion: Sensitization to insects is frequent in allergic populations of the tropics and is strongly associated with sensitization to mites.
Asunto(s)
Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/epidemiología , Insectos/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Alérgenos/inmunología , Animales , Hormigas/inmunología , Blattellidae/inmunología , Niño , Preescolar , Colombia , Culicidae/inmunología , Femenino , Vivienda , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/etiología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ácaros/inmunología , Pruebas Cutáneas , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a disorder of increasing prevalence worldwide, causing clinical symptoms of vomiting, failure to thrive, and dysphagia and complications of esophageal remodeling with strictures and food impactions. Molecular profiling demonstrates EoE to be an eosinophil-predominant disorder with a TH2 cytokine profile reminiscent of other allergic diseases, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Environmental antigens in the form of foods and aeroallergens induce eosinophil, basophil, mast cell, and T-cell infiltration. Pathogenesis depends on local epithelial immune activation with production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and eotaxin-3. Complications mirror asthmatic airway pathogenesis, with increases in subepithelial collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and smooth muscle hypertrophy. The removal of instigating antigens, especially foods, causes disease resolution in more than 50% of adults and children. The prevalence of concurrent atopic disorders in patients with EoE and the need to control antigen-specific TH2 inflammation underscore the importance of testing for allergens and treating the entire atopic subject to control the potential interplay between organ-specific allergic responses.
Asunto(s)
Esofagitis Eosinofílica/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/epidemiología , Esofagitis Eosinofílica/epidemiología , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)induces exaggerated Th1 responses, whereas atopy is associated with exacerbated Th2 responses. METHODS: Here, a cross-sectional study compared the prevalence of atopy in HTLV-1 carriers and HAM/TSP patients. It also compared the spontaneous cytokine production in HTLV-1-infected individuals. A retrospective cohort study evaluated the development of neurological manifestations in atopic and non-atopic carriers. RESULTS: Atopic HAM/TSP patients with high IFN-γ production exhibited higher IL-5 levels than non-atopic patients. Allergic rhinitis accelerated the development of Babinski signals and overactive bladders. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal Th1 and Th2 responses coexist in HTLV-1-infected individuals and allergic diseases may worsen the clinical course of HTLV-1 infections.
Asunto(s)
Citocinas/biosíntesis , Infecciones por HTLV-I/complicaciones , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/epidemiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/virología , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Infecciones por HTLV-I/inmunología , Infecciones por HTLV-I/patología , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/sangre , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/inmunología , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/complicaciones , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/inmunología , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/patología , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)induces exaggerated Th1 responses, whereas atopy is associated with exacerbated Th2 responses. METHODS: Here, a cross-sectional study compared the prevalence of atopy in HTLV-1 carriers and HAM/TSP patients. It also compared the spontaneous cytokine production in HTLV-1-infected individuals. A retrospective cohort study evaluated the development of neurological manifestations in atopic and non-atopic carriers. RESULTS: Atopic HAM/TSP patients with high IFN-γ production exhibited higher IL-5 levels than non-atopic patients. Allergic rhinitis accelerated the development of Babinski signals and overactive bladders. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal Th1 and Th2 responses coexist in HTLV-1-infected individuals and allergic diseases may worsen the clinical course of HTLV-1 infections.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Infecciones por HTLV-I/complicaciones , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/epidemiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/virología , Infecciones por HTLV-I/inmunología , Infecciones por HTLV-I/patología , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/complicaciones , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/inmunología , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/patología , Estudios Transversales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios de Cohortes , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/inmunologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although it is well known that allergic diseases involve a strong Th2 immune response, with production of high levels of specific IgE allergen, knowledge on the association between filarial infection and allergies, among paediatric patients is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the allergic response patterns in cases of filarial infection by comparing peripheral eosinophils, total IgE levels, immediate hypersensitivity and cytokine levels in children and adolescents in Brazil. METHODS: This was an exploratory study with three groups: (I) with filarial infection and without allergic diseases; (II) without filarial infection and with allergic diseases; and (III) without filarial infection and without allergic diseases. The prick test and specific IgE tests for aeroallergens were performed using five antigens. Peripheral eosinophils and total IgE were also evaluated. IL-4 and IL-5 were determined using whole-blood culture stimulated by three antigens. RESULTS: Eosinophilia and elevated levels of total IgE (≥400IU/dl) were observed in all groups. The prick test was positive in 56.6% of the cases. Group I presented hypersensitive responses similar to the allergic disease groups. In the whole-blood culture stimulated by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, average IL-4 production did not differ significantly among the groups, but IL5 production resulting from stimulation was greater in the allergic disease groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The allergic response pattern in group with filarial infection was similar to that of the groups with and without allergic diseases, but the response to IL-5 in the culture stimulated by D. pteronyssinus was an exclusive characteristic of the allergic group.
Asunto(s)
Brugia Malayi/inmunología , Filariasis Linfática/inmunología , Eosinófilos/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Células Th2/inmunología , Wuchereria bancrofti/inmunología , Adolescente , Animales , Antígenos Dermatofagoides/inmunología , Brasil/epidemiología , Células Cultivadas , Niño , Preescolar , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/inmunología , Filariasis Linfática/epidemiología , Enfermedades Endémicas , Femenino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/epidemiología , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Interleucina-5/metabolismo , Masculino , Enfermedades DesatendidasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Allergic conditions have shown an increase in the past few decades. Hygiene, changes in lifestyle, diet and vitamin D have been blamed for this increase. OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of environment, diet and vitamin D in atopic diseases in a population of Colombian Afro-descendant children. METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study in 200 Afro-descendant children of rural and urban areas from northern Colombia. Lifestyle and diet were established by questionnaires, atopy was assessed with skin tests and total and specific IgE and vitamin D levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Results: Atopy was more prevalent in the urban population (24 % versus 7 %, p < 0.001). Blomia tropicalis was the most common allergen (80.6 %). The PCA indicated two dietary patterns. In the rural area children, the consumption of dairy products and fruit/vegetables was higher, and related with a protective effect on atopy (OR, 0.21 [p < 0.027] and OR, 0.11 [ p < 0.04]). A similar pattern was observed with total IgE and vitamin D levels (2450.73 versus 777.56 kU/mL [p < 0.01] and 59.32 ng/mL versus 31.14 ng/mL [p < 0.001], respectively). CONCLUSION: Allergic conditions were less prevalent in rural area residents, possibly owing to higher consumption of unpasteurized dairy products and fruit/vegetables, as well as higher levels of vitamin D.
Antecedentes: La prevalencia de las enfermedades alérgicas se ha incrementado en las últimas décadas. Se ha responsabilizado de este incremento a cambios en el estilo de vida, la dieta y vitamina D. Objetivo: Determinar el papel del ambiente, dieta y vitamina D en las enfermedades atópicas en una población de niños afrodescendientes colombianos. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal y descriptivo en 200 niños afrodescendientes de áreas rural y urbana del norte de Colombia. El estilo de vida y la dieta se establecieron por cuestionarios, la atopia por pruebas cutáneas y los niveles de IgE total, específicas y vitamina D por ELISA. Resultados: La atopia fue más prevalente en la población urbana (24 % versus 7 %, p < 0.001). La Blomia tropicalis fue el alérgeno más común (80.6 %). El ACP indicó 2 patrones dietarios. En los niños del área rural fueron más altos el consumo de productos lácteos y de frutas/vegetales, lo cual se relacionó con un efecto protector en la atopia (RM, 0.21 [p < 0.037] y RM, 0.11 (p < 0.04), respectivamente). Un patrón similar se observó respecto a los niveles de IgE total y vitamina D (2450.73 versus 777.56 kU/mL [p < 0.01] y 59.32 ng/mL y 31.14 ng/mL [p < 0.001], respectivamente). Conclusión: las enfermedades alérgicas fueron menos prevalentes en los niños residentes del área rural posiblemente por el mayor consumo de productos lácteos no pasteurizados y frutas y vegetales, así como por mayores niveles de vitamina D.
Asunto(s)
Dieta , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/epidemiología , Estilo de Vida , Vitamina D/sangre , África/etnología , Alérgenos/efectos adversos , Niño , Colombia , Estudios Transversales , Dieta/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/etnología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/etiología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Masculino , Prevalencia , Población Rural , Pruebas Cutáneas , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are lymphocytes lacking antigen recognition receptors and become activated in response to cytokines and through microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) receptors. ILCs are found mainly in mucosal tissues and participate in the immune response against infections and in chronic inflammatory conditions. ILCs are divided in ILC-1, ILC-2 and ILC-3, and these cells have analogue functions to those of immune adaptive response lymphocytes Th1, Th2 and Th17. ILC-1 express T-bet, produce IFNγ, protect against infections with intracellular microorganisms and are related to inflammatory bowel disease immunopathology. ILC-2 express GATA3, produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and amphiregulin, protect against parasitic infections and are related to allergy and obesity immunopathology. ILC-3 express ROR(γt), produce IL-17 and IL-22, protect against fungal infections and contribute to tolerance to intestinal microbiota and intestinal repair. They are related to inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis immunopathology. In general terms, ILCs maintain homeostasis and coadjuvate in the protection against infections.
Las células linfoides innatas (ILC) son linfocitos que carecen de receptores de reconocimiento de antígenos y se activan en respuesta a citocinas y a través de receptores de patrones moleculares asociados a microorganismos (MAMP). Las ILC se localizan preferentemente en las mucosas, y participan en la respuesta inmune contra infecciones y en enfermedades inflamatorias crónicas. Las ILC se dividen en ILC-1, ILC-2 e ILC-3, y estas células tienen funciones análogas a las de los linfocitos Th1, Th2 y Th17 de la respuesta inmune adaptativa. Las ILC-1 expresan T-bet, producen IFNγ, protegen contra infecciones con microorganismos intracelulares y están relacionados con la inmunopatología de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Las ILC-2 expresan GATA3, producen IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 y anfirregulina, protegen contra infecciones parasitarias y se relacionan con la inmunopatología de la alergia y la obesidad. Las ILC-3 expresan RORγt, producen IL-17 e IL-22, protegen contra infecciones con hongos y participan en la tolerancia a la microbiota intestinal y en la reparación intestinal. Se relacionan con la inmunopatología de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y la psoriasis. En términos generales, las ILC mantienen la homeostasis y coadyuvan en la protección contra las infecciones.
Asunto(s)
Inmunidad Innata/inmunología , Subgrupos Linfocitarios/inmunología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/inmunología , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Inmunidad Mucosa , Infecciones/inmunología , Inflamación , Subgrupos Linfocitarios/clasificación , Linfocinas/fisiología , Neoplasias/inmunología , Obesidad/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease associated with a complex basis involving environmental factors and individual variabilities. The DENN Domain Containing 1B (DENND1B) gene has an important role on T cell receptor (TCR) down-regulation on Th2 cells and studies have shown that mutations or loss of this factor can be associated with increased Th2 responses and asthma. The aim of this work is to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in the DENND1B with asthma and allergy markers phenotypes in Brazilian children. Genotyping was performed using a commercial panel from Illumina (2.5 Human Omni bead chip) in 1309 participants of SCAALA (Social Change, Asthma, Allergy in Latin American) program. Logistic regressions for asthma and atopy markers were performed using PLINK software 1.9. The analyzes were adjusted for sex, age, helminth infections and ancestry markers. The DENND1B gene was associated with different phenotypes such as severe asthma and atopic markers (specific IgE production, skin prick test and IL-13 production). Among the 166 SNPs analyzed, 72 were associated with asthma and/or allergy markers. In conclusion, polymorphisms in the DENND1B are significantly associated with development of asthma and atopy and these polymorphisms can influence DENND1B expression and consequently, asthma.
Asunto(s)
Asma/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Señalización del Receptor del Dominio de Muerte/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Factores de Intercambio de Guanina Nucleótido/genética , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/genética , Adolescente , Asma/inmunología , Brasil , Niño , Preescolar , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Femenino , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Células Th2/inmunologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests free mono-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations are more strongly linked to certain outcomes than total concentrations; however, no studies have examined the relation between free 25(OH)D and respiratory or allergic disease. OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between total and free 25(OH)D concentrations and asthma outcomes. METHODS: We quantified total and free 25(OH)D concentrations in 137 Peruvian children with asthma and 152 children without asthma and examined associations with asthma outcomes. RESULTS: Mean age ± SD was 13 ± 2.5 years, and 50.2% were boys. Mean total and measured free 25(OH)D concentrations were 29 ± 9.5 ng/mL and 5.0 ± 1.3 pg/mL, respectively. Lower free but not total 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly associated with atopy in all children (total, odds ratio [OR] 1.3 per 10-ng/mL decrease, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95-1.7, P = .12; vs free, OR 1.3 per 1-pg/mL decrease, 95% CI 1.0-1.6, P = .02) and children with asthma (total, OR 1.1 per 10-ng/mL decrease, 95% CI 0.75-1.7, P = .57; vs free, OR 1.6 per 1-pg/mL decrease, 95% CI 1.0-2.5, P = .04). Free but not total 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (total, 0.11 L, -0.12 to 0.34, P = .34; vs free, 0.20 L, 0.021-0.39, P = .03) and forced vital capacity (total, 0.13 L, -0.12 to 0.37, P = .31; vs free, 0.22 L, 0.026-0.42, P = .03) Z-scores in children with asthma. CONCLUSION: Atopy, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and forced vital capacity were more strongly linked to free than to total 25(OH)D concentrations, suggesting the free form might be more relevant in modulating allergic disease risk and pulmonary function in children with asthma.
Asunto(s)
Asma/sangre , Asma/inmunología , Asma/fisiopatología , Calcifediol/sangre , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/sangre , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Oportunidad Relativa , Evaluación del Resultado de la Atención al Paciente , Perú/epidemiología , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a gram-positive anaerobic bacillus present in normal human skin microbiota, which exerts important immunomodulatory effects, when used as heat- or phenol-killed suspensions. We previously demonstrated that heat-killed P. acnes or its soluble polysaccharide (PS), extracted from the bacterium cell wall, suppressed or potentiated the Th2 response to ovalbumin (OVA) in an immediate hypersensitivity model, depending on the treatment protocol. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms responsible for these effects, using the same model and focusing on the activation status of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We verified that higher numbers of APCs expressing costimulatory molecules and higher expression levels of these molecules are probably related to potentiation of the Th2 response to OVA induced by P. acnes or PS, while higher expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) seems to be related to Th2 suppression. In vitro cytokines production in cocultures of dendritic cells and T lymphocytes indicated that P. acnes and PS seem to perform their effects by acting directly on APCs. Our data suggest that P. acnes and PS directly act on APCs, modulating the expression of costimulatory molecules and TLRs, and these differently activated APCs drive distinct T helper patterns to OVA in our model.