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Hymenopteran insect stings are a risk factor that cannot be ignored for the people allergic to hymenopteran venoms.In China,the current diagnostic tools cannot provide accurate information to identify sensitized insects,thus affecting clinical diagnosis and treatment.Honeybee is a common hymenopteran insect.Due to its wide distribution,large number,and complex venom composition,researchers have carried out recombination schemes for the main allergens of honeybee venom,laying a theoretical foundation for the detection of allergens.The development of diagnostic technologies for allergen components can accurately detect bee venom allergens,providing a new set of clinical diagnosis and treatment schemes for the population allergic to bee venom.
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Alérgenos , Venenos de Abeja , Venenos de Abeja/inmunología , Alérgenos/análisis , Alérgenos/inmunología , Animales , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Abejas/inmunologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Association of early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and maternal gestational weight gain (GWG), and asthma and allergic disease in children is unclear. METHODS: We analyzed data from 3176 mother-child pairs in a prospective birth cohort study. Maternal anthropometric measurements in the first and last antenatal clinic visits were obtained through post-delivery questionnaires to calculate early pregnancy BMI and maternal GWG. Asthma and allergic diseases in children by the age of 5 years was assessed using a validated questionnaire. Furthermore, serum samples were analyzed for IgE antibodies to eight allergens. We applied Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression analyses to estimate the association of early pregnancy BMI and maternal GWG (as continuous variables and categorized into quarters), and asthma, atopic eczema, atopic sensitization, and allergic rhinitis in children. RESULTS: Neither early pregnancy BMI nor maternal GWG was associated with asthma and allergic disease in children when analyzed as continuous variables. However, compared to the first quarter of GWG (a rate <0.32 kg/week), mothers in the third quarter (rate 0.42-0.52 kg/week) had children with significantly higher odds of developing atopic eczema (adjusted OR 1.49, 95% CI [1.13-1.96]) by 5 years of age. CONCLUSION: Association of early pregnancy BMI and maternal GWG, and asthma and allergic disease in children, is inconsistent. High maternal GWG may be associated with increased odds of atopic eczema.
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Asma , Índice de Masa Corporal , Ganancia de Peso Gestacional , Hipersensibilidad , Humanos , Embarazo , Femenino , Asma/epidemiología , Asma/inmunología , Preescolar , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Hipersensibilidad/epidemiología , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Adulto , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Lactante , Dermatitis Atópica/epidemiología , Dermatitis Atópica/inmunología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/epidemiología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/inmunología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estudios de Cohortes , Cohorte de Nacimiento , Recién NacidoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Traffic-related air and noise pollution are important public health issues. The aim of this study was to estimate their effects on allergic/respiratory outcomes in adult and elderly subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six hundred and forty-five subjects living in Pisa (Tuscany, Italy) were investigated through a questionnaire on allergic/respiratory symptoms and diseases. Traffic-related air pollution and noise exposures were assessed at residential address by questionnaire, modelled annual mean NO2 concentrations (1 km and 200 m resolution), and noise level over a 24-h period (Lden). Exposure effects were assessed through logistic regression models stratified by age group (18-64 years, ≥65 years), and adjusted for sex, educational level, occupational exposure, and smoking habits. RESULTS: 63.6% of the subjects reported traffic exposure near home. Mean exposure levels were: 28.24 (±3.26 SD) and 27.23 (±3.16 SD) µg/m3 for NO2 at 200 m and 1 km of resolution, respectively; 57.79 dB(A) (±6.12 SD) for Lden. Exposure to vehicular traffic (by questionnaire) and to high noise levels [Lden ≥ 60 dB(A)] were significantly associated with higher odds of allergic rhinitis (OR 2.01, 95%CI 1.09-3.70, and OR 1.99, 95%CI 1.18-3.36, respectively) and borderline with rhino-conjunctivitis (OR 2.20, 95%CI 0.95-5.10, and OR 1.76, 95%CI 0.91-3.42, respectively) only in the elderly. No significant result emerged for NO2. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlighted the need to better assess the effect of traffic-related exposure in the elderly, considering the increasing trend in the future global population's ageing.
Global population is ageing.Allergic diseases are globally widespread even on adult population.The susceptibility due to ageing may increase the impact of air pollution on the elderly.Traffic-related air and noise pollution affects allergic status of the elderly.
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Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Italia/epidemiología , Adulto , Adolescente , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Adulto Joven , Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversos , Contaminación por Tráfico Vehicular/efectos adversos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Emisiones de Vehículos , Ruido/efectos adversos , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Rinitis Alérgica/etiología , Hipersensibilidad/epidemiología , Hipersensibilidad/etiología , Modelos Logísticos , Dióxido de Nitrógeno/efectos adversos , Dióxido de Nitrógeno/análisis , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/efectos adversos , Ruido del Transporte/efectos adversosAsunto(s)
Hipersensibilidad , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad/terapia , AdultoRESUMEN
The aim is to investigate the evidence for shared genetic architecture between each of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Structural equation models (SEM) and polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses are applied to three Swedish twin cohorts (n = 46,582) and reveal a modest genetic correlation between GERD and asthma of 0.18 and bidirectional PRS and phenotypic associations ranging between OR 1.09-1.14 and no correlations for eczema and allergic rhinitis. Linkage disequilibrium score regression is applied to summary statistics of recently published GERD and asthma/allergic disease genome wide association studies and reveals a genetic correlation of 0.48 for asthma and GERD, and Genomic SEM supports a single latent factor. A gene-/gene-set analysis using MAGMA reveals six pleiotropic genes (two at 12q13.2) associated with asthma and GERD. This study provides evidence that there is a common genetic architecture unique to asthma and GERD that may explain comorbidity and requires further investigation.
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Asma , Reflujo Gastroesofágico , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Humanos , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/genética , Asma/genética , Femenino , Masculino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Suecia/epidemiología , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Herencia Multifactorial , Hipersensibilidad/genética , Desequilibrio de LigamientoRESUMEN
Hypersensitivity reactions represent one of the most common causes of hesitancy for adherence to national vaccination programs. The majority of hypersensitivity reactions after vaccination are mild, and anaphylaxis is reported to be rare, although it remains challenging to estimate the frequency attributed to each single vaccine, either because of the lower number of administered doses of less common vaccines, or the administration of simultaneous vaccine in most of the vaccination programs. Although literature remains scattered, international consensus guides clinicians in identifying patients who might need the administration of vaccines in protected environments due to demonstrated hypersensitivity to vaccine components or adjuvants. Here we provide the current guidance on hypersensitivity reactions to vaccines and on vaccination of children with allergy disorders.
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Hipersensibilidad , Vacunación , Vacunas , Humanos , Vacunas/efectos adversos , Vacunas/administración & dosificación , Vacunación/efectos adversos , Niño , Anafilaxia/prevención & control , Guías de Práctica Clínica como AsuntoRESUMEN
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, first identified in Drosophila in 1969, are multifunctional ion channels expressed in various cell types. Structurally, TRP channels consist of six membrane segments and are classified into seven subfamilies. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), the first member of the TRPA family, is a calcium ion affinity non-selective cation channel involved in sensory transduction and responds to odors, tastes, and chemicals. It also regulates temperature and responses to stimuli. Recent studies have linked TRPA1 to several disorders, including chronic pain, inflammatory diseases, allergies, and respiratory problems, owing to its activation by environmental toxins. Mutations in TRPA1 can affect the sensory nerves and microvasculature, potentially causing nerve pain and vascular problems. Understanding the function of TRPA1 is important for the development of treatments for these diseases. Recent developments in nanomedicines that target various ion channels, including TRPA1, have had a significant impact on disease treatment, providing innovative alternatives to traditional disease treatments by overcoming various adverse effects.
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Canal Catiónico TRPA1 , Humanos , Canal Catiónico TRPA1/metabolismo , Canal Catiónico TRPA1/genética , Animales , Nanomedicina/métodos , Hipersensibilidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidad/metabolismo , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Dolor Crónico/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor Crónico/metabolismoRESUMEN
Asthma is a chronic lung disease with persistent airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity, mucus overproduction, and airway remodeling. Antagonizing T2 responses by triggering the immune system with microbial components such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been suggested as a therapeutic concept for allergic asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a TLR2/6 agonist, FSL-1 (Pam2CGDPKHPKSF), administered by intranasal instillation after an allergic airway reaction was established in the ovalbumin (OVA) mouse model and to analyze the role of natural killer (NK) cells in this effect. We showed that FSL-1 decreased established OVA-induced airway hyper-responsiveness and eosinophilic inflammation but did not reduce the T2 or T17 response. FSL-1 increased the recruitment and activation of NK cells in the lung parenchyma and modified the repartition of NK cell subsets in lung compartments. Finally, the transfer or depletion of NK cells did not modify airway hyper-responsiveness and eosinophilia after OVA and/or FSL-1 treatment. Thus, the administration of FSL-1 reduces airway hyper-responsiveness and bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia. However, despite modifications of their functions following OVA sensitization, NK cells play no role in OVA-induced asthma and its inhibition by FSL-1. Therefore, the significance of NK cell functions and localization in the airways remains to be unraveled in asthma.
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Asma , Células Asesinas Naturales , Pulmón , Ovalbúmina , Receptor Toll-Like 2 , Receptor Toll-Like 6 , Animales , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor Toll-Like 2/agonistas , Receptor Toll-Like 2/metabolismo , Ratones , Pulmón/patología , Pulmón/inmunología , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Asma/inmunología , Asma/patología , Receptor Toll-Like 6/agonistas , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Femenino , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hipersensibilidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Hiperreactividad Bronquial/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperreactividad Bronquial/inmunología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar , Diglicéridos , OligopéptidosAsunto(s)
Semen , Humanos , Masculino , Semen/inmunología , Adulto , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad/diagnósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Parents can engage in several behaviours with regard to early childhood allergy prevention (ECAP). These can be related to diet of mother/child and the modification of the home environment; not all of them are justified by current evidence. Previous studies showed that parental health literacy (HL) is related to favourable health behaviours directed at the child. This study aimed to investigate the causal effect of mothers' HL on ECAP behaviours and to test different moderators of this effect. METHODS: One thousand six hundred sixty-two mothers participating in the KUNO-Kids health study in the area of Regensburg, Germany were surveyed on HL (assessed via the health care scale of the Health Literacy Survey-EU questionnaire, HLS-EU-Q47) and ECAP behaviours implemented during pregnancy and the child's first year of life. Patterns in ECAP behaviours were identified by latent class analysis. Multinomial regression modelling was performed with HL as exposure, ECAP as outcome variable, allergy risk, parental competence and bonding, anxiety and depression as moderators as well as potentially confounding variables. RESULTS: We identified three classes of ECAP behaviours (class 1: "breastfeeding " N = 871; class 2: "allergen-avoidance " N = 490; class 3: "mixed behaviours " N = 301). In univariable as well as fully adjusted regression models, compared to class 1, class 2 was negatively, and class 3 was not associated with HL. None of the tested moderating variables altered the association between HL and ECAP significantly. CONCLUSIONS: We found an effect of mothers' HL on ECAP behaviours: lower HL of mothers increased allergen-avoiding behaviour directed at their child, while decreasing the chance of exclusive breastfeeding. Improving HL could contribute to the implementation of recommended ECAP behaviours in families, especially to the reduction of allergen-avoiding behaviours.
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Alfabetización en Salud , Hipersensibilidad , Madres , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Alfabetización en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Madres/psicología , Madres/estadística & datos numéricos , Alemania , Lactante , Hipersensibilidad/prevención & control , Masculino , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Lactancia Materna/psicología , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There is growing evidence that enolase is involved in allergy. This manuscript reviews the impact of enolase in allergic disease and describes several sources of this allergen including molds, plants, animals, and pollens, among others. IgE epitopes are carefully analyzed as they may account for cross-reactivity. RECENT FINDINGS: Enolase has been previously associated to food allergy and contact dermatitis. However, other groups and we have identified recently novel enolases derived from diverse pollens in patients suffering asthma and allergic rhinitis. Exposure to outdoor enolases may cause respiratory disease. Enolase has been identified across various species and its amino acid sequence is highly conserved among different sources of this allergen. The demonstration that enolase is involved in many allergic diseases including respiratory allergies, is of clinic relevance. Thus, the development of novel molecular-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies may pave the way for improved diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Alérgenos , Hipersensibilidad , Fosfopiruvato Hidratasa , Humanos , Fosfopiruvato Hidratasa/inmunología , Animales , Alérgenos/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Reacciones Cruzadas/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Polen/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Allergic respiratory diseases such as asthma might be considered multifactorial diseases, having a complex pathogenesis that involves environmental factors and the activation of a large set of immune response pathways and mechanisms. In addition, variations in genetic background seem to play a central role. The method developed for the analysis of the complexities, as association rule mining, nowadays may be applied to different research areas including genetic and biological complexities such as atopic airway diseases to identify complex genetic or biological markers and enlighten new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. A total of 308 allergic patients and 205 controls were typed for 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cytokine and receptors genes involved in type 1 and type 2 inflammatory response (IL-4 rs2243250 C/T, IL-4R rs1801275A/G, IL-6 rs1800795 G/C, IL-10 rs1800872 A/C and rs1800896 A/G, IL-10RB rs2834167A/G, IL-13 rs1800925 C/T, IL-18 rs187238G/C, IFNγ rs 24030561A/T and IFNγR2 rs2834213G/A), the rs2228137C/T of CD23 receptor gene and rs577912C/T and rs564481C/T of Klotho genes, using KASPar SNP genotyping method. Clinical and laboratory data of patients were analyzed by formal statistic tools and by a data-mining technique-market basket analysis-selecting a minimum threshold of 90% of rule confidence. Formal statistical analyses show that IL-6 rs1800795GG, IL-10RB rs2834167G positive genotypes, IL-13 rs1800925CC, CD23 rs2228137TT Klotho rs564481TT, might be risk factors for allergy. Applying the association rule methodology, we identify 10 genotype combination patterns associated with susceptibility to allergies. Together these data necessitate being confirmed in further studies, indicating that the heuristic approach might be a straightforward and useful tool to find predictive and diagnostic molecular patterns that might be also considered potential therapeutic targets in allergy.
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Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Asma/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Subunidad beta del Receptor de Interleucina-10/genética , Receptores de IgE/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adolescente , Hipersensibilidad/genética , NiñoRESUMEN
Alzheimer disease and allergic diseases are common health problems. The aim of the study was to check the hypothesis that older patients with IgE-mediated allergies have a higher prevalence of Alzheimer disease. It was a retrospective, multicenter cohort observation. In total, 7129 people were examined, including 3566 women and 2558 men (mean 64.9±6.9 y). The diagnosis of Alzheimer disease is based on the ICD-10 code and appropriate medical documentation. The proportion of patients with confirmed Alzheimer disease in the group of patients with diagnosed allergy compared to the group of those without allergy was as follows: 13.9% (168) versus 8.2% (484) with P=0.001. There was a positive correlation between the presence of Alzheimer disease and high serum total IgE, eosinophilia, and asthma or the presence of atopic polymorphic disease (P<0.05). IgE-dependent allergic diseases, in particular allergic asthma, and the presence of high serum IgE levels may favor the development of Alzheimer disease.
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Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Hipersensibilidad , Inmunoglobulina E , Humanos , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hipersensibilidad/epidemiología , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Anciano , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
Allergy is a medical condition of frequent occurrence. In the Netherlands approximately 20% of the population has some kind of respiratory allergy, due to pollen and dust mites. The occurrence of allergy on foods, antibiotics, other medications, contrast fluid and insect poison is estimated to be 2% in the adult population. Because of this large and diverse group of allergy triggers it is very likely that physicians, regardless of background or medical specialty, will come across questions regarding allergy at some point in their career. The severity of an allergic reaction can vary, with anaphylaxis as one of the most severe and potentially life-threatening reactions (among DRESS, SJS, TEN and acute FPIES). This article describes the backgrounds of IgE-mediated allergy and anaphylaxis, like pathophysiology, diagnostics and treatment.
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Anafilaxia , Humanos , Anafilaxia/diagnóstico , Anafilaxia/etiología , Anafilaxia/terapia , Hipersensibilidad/diagnóstico , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Skin prick tests (SPTs), or intraepidermal tests, are often the first diagnostic approach for people with a suspected allergy. Together with the clinical history, SPTs allow doctors to draw conclusions on allergies based on the sensitization pattern. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential cost consequences that would accrue to a Swiss University hospital after the adoption of computer vision-based SPTs. METHODS: We conducted a cost-consequence analysis from a hospital's perspective to evaluate the potential cost consequences of using a computer vision-based system to read SPT results. The patient population consisted of individuals who were referred to the allergology department of one of the five university hospitals in Switzerland, Inselspital, whose allergology department averages 100 SPTs a week. We developed an early cost-consequence model comparing two SPT techniques; computer vision-based SPTs conducted with the aid of Nexkin DSPT and standard fully manual SPTs. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis and additional univariate sensitivity analyses were used to account for uncertainty. RESULTS: The difference in average cost between the two alternatives from a hospital's perspective was estimated to be CHF 7 per SPT, in favour of the computer vison-based SPTs. Monte Carlo probabilistic simulation also indicated that SPTs conducted using the computer vision-based system were cost saving compared to standard fully manual SPTs. Sensitivity analyses additionally demonstrated the robustness of the base case result subject to plausible changes in all the input parameters, with parameters representing the costs associated with both SPT techniques having the largest influence on the incremental cost. However, higher sensitization prevalence rates seemed to favour the more accurate standard fully manual SPTs. CONCLUSION: Against the backdrop of rising healthcare costs especially in Switzerland, using computer-aided or (semi) automated diagnostic systems could play an important role in healthcare cost containment efforts. However, results should be taken with caution because of the uncertainty associated with the early nature of our analysis and the specific Swiss context adopted in this study.
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Pruebas Cutáneas , Humanos , Suiza , Pruebas Cutáneas/economía , Pruebas Cutáneas/métodos , Control de Costos/métodos , Diagnóstico por Computador/métodos , Diagnóstico por Computador/economía , Hipersensibilidad/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidad/economía , Masculino , Hospitales Universitarios , Método de Montecarlo , FemeninoRESUMEN
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review will identify and summarize the published existing data pertaining specifically to Hymenoptera venom allergy in children and adolescents, highlighting the major studies currently available on venom immunotherapy (VIT) and its prognosis in children. RECENT FINDINGS: The current review covers the incidence and prevalence of Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) in children, factors influencing occurrence and severity of reactions (age, sex, comorbidities, etc.), indications to perform diagnostic tests and start VIT in children, different existing VIT protocols and their safety and efficacy. SUMMARY: Hymenoptera venom allergy is the second most common cause of anaphylaxis in children and it considerably affects quality of life. Cutaneous reactions are the most prevalent clinical presentation in children who usually have a more favourable prognosis than adult patients. However, studies on HVA in children and adolescents are still limited. Currently VIT is the only treatment able to modify the natural history of HVA in adults as well as in children, and to protect patients from systemic reactions after subsequent stings.
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Anafilaxia , Venenos de Artrópodos , Desensibilización Inmunológica , Himenópteros , Mordeduras y Picaduras de Insectos , Humanos , Niño , Adolescente , Animales , Himenópteros/inmunología , Desensibilización Inmunológica/métodos , Venenos de Artrópodos/inmunología , Venenos de Artrópodos/efectos adversos , Mordeduras y Picaduras de Insectos/inmunología , Mordeduras y Picaduras de Insectos/terapia , Mordeduras y Picaduras de Insectos/epidemiología , Mordeduras y Picaduras de Insectos/diagnóstico , Anafilaxia/epidemiología , Anafilaxia/inmunología , Anafilaxia/prevención & control , Anafilaxia/diagnóstico , Anafilaxia/etiología , Anafilaxia/terapia , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad/terapia , Hipersensibilidad/epidemiología , Hipersensibilidad/diagnóstico , Alérgenos/inmunología , Incidencia , Prevalencia , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Ocular surface disorders (OSDs) are a prevalent and often debilitating condition encountered in clinical practice, particularly by allergists and clinical immunologists. RECENT FINDINGS: A comprehensive guide to office procedures for evaluating and managing OSDs, with a specific focus on ocular allergies, would assist in the evaluation process that begins with an initial patient assessment utilizing standardized forms to systematically gather detailed medical history, symptomatology, and environmental exposure data. This structured approach ensures a thorough understanding of the patient's condition and facilitates targeted interventions. In addition to allergy testing, the assessment of the tear film is essential for a comprehensive evaluation of OSDs. The Schirmer test is employed to quantify tear production, providing objective data on tear film adequacy and guiding interventions for tear film deficiencies. SUMMARY: This multifaceted diagnostic approach ensures that all contributing factors to OSDs are identified and appropriately managed. By integrating these office procedures, allergists and clinical immunologists can enhance their diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy, ultimately improving patient outcomes. This manuscript provides a practical resource, outlining some of the methodologies and clinical applications of each procedure, and highlighting their role in the holistic management of OSDs in allergic patients.
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Alergólogos , Humanos , Lágrimas/inmunología , Alergia e Inmunología , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/diagnóstico , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/terapia , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidad/terapia , Hipersensibilidad/inmunologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of allergies and asthma has led to a growing global socioeconomic burden. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the health and lifestyles of children and adolescents have changed dramatically. It's unclear how this shift impacted allergy and asthma, with limited studies addressing this question. We aim to explore the difference of the prevalence of allergies and asthma among US children and adolescents during and before the COVID-19 pandemic using a nationally representative sample of US children and adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 31,503 participants in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) between 2018 and 2021. Allergies and asthma were defined on an affirmative response in the questionnaire by a parent or guardian. Chi-square tests were used to compare baseline characteristics with allergies and asthma for categorical variables. Differences in prevalence during and before the COVID-19 pandemic were estimated with weighted logistic regression, adjusting for demographic factors. Interaction analyses explored variations across strata. RESULTS: In US children and adolescents aged 0 to 17, prevalence of any allergy was 26.1% (95% CI, 24.8%- 27.4%) in 2018 and 27.1% (95% CI, 25.9%- 28.2%) in 2021. Thereinto, in 2018, prevalence of respiratory allergies, food allergies and skin allergies were 14.0% (95% CI, 13.1%- 15.0%), 6.5% (95% CI, 5.8%- 7.1%) and 12.6% (95% CI, 11.6%- 13.5%), respectively, and in 2021, 18.8% (95% CI, 17.8%- 19.9%), 5.8% (95% CI, 5.2%- 6.4%) and 10.7% (95% CI, 9.9%- 11.5%), respectively. And prevalence of asthma was 11.1% (95% CI, 10.5%- 11.7%) in 2018-2019 and 9.8% (95% CI, 9.2%- 10.4%) in 2020-2021. Prevalence of respiratory allergies, skin allergies and asthma during and before the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents had statistically significant differences. The differences persisted after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic variables. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of respiratory allergies increased and the prevalence of both skin allergies and asthma decreased among US children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the pre-COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is required to explore the association between allergic diseases and the pandemic, with a particular emphasis on the impact of lifestyle changes resulting from measures to prevent COVID-19 infection.