RESUMEN

Gastric and intestinal mucosal hyperplasia and polyps are identified as a cause of morbidity and mortality in moray eels. This report describes the clinical presentations, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic interventions in eight moray eels diagnosed with gastric polypoid hyperplasia. All described cases were humanely euthanized or found deceased, and multifocal adenomatous hyperplasia and polyps extending from the gastric mucosal epithelium were identified in all cases. The moray eels diagnosed with adenomatous hyperplasia and polyps often exhibited anorexia, regurgitation, and occasional changes in buoyancy, and supportive care was unsuccessful in alleviating or resolving these signs.

Asunto(s)

Anguilas , Hiperplasia , Animales , Hiperplasia/veterinaria , Hiperplasia/patología , Femenino , Masculino , Enfermedades de los Peces/patología , Enfermedades de los Peces/diagnóstico , Pólipos/veterinaria , Pólipos/patología , Pólipos/diagnóstico , Gastropatías/veterinaria , Gastropatías/patología , Gastropatías/diagnóstico

RESUMEN

Common arterial grafts used in coronary artery bypass grafting include internal thoracic artery (ITA), radial artery (RA) and right gastroepiploic artery (RGA) grafts; of these, the ITA has the best clinical outcome. Here, by analyzing the single-cell transcriptome of different arterial grafts, we suggest optimization strategies for the RA and RGA based on the ITA as a reference. Compared with the ITA, the RA had more lipid-handling-related CD36+ endothelial cells. Vascular smooth muscle cells from the RGA were more susceptible to spasm, followed by those from the RA; comparison with the ITA suggested that potassium channel openers may counteract vasospasm. Fibroblasts from the RA and RGA highly expressed GDF10 and CREB5, respectively; both GDF10 and CREB5 are associated with extracellular matrix deposition. Cell-cell communication analysis revealed high levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling in the RA. Administration of macrophage migration inhibitory factor inhibitor to mice with partial carotid artery ligation blocked neointimal hyperplasia induced by disturbed flow. Modulation of identified targets may have protective effects on arterial grafts.

Asunto(s)

Arterias Mamarias , Animales , Humanos , Arterias Mamarias/trasplante , Arterias Mamarias/metabolismo , Análisis de la Célula Individual , Arteria Radial/trasplante , Arteria Radial/metabolismo , Arteria Gastroepiploica/metabolismo , Arteria Gastroepiploica/trasplante , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Masculino , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/citología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Neointima/patología , Neointima/metabolismo , Puente de Arteria Coronaria/métodos , Comunicación Celular , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Ratones , Transducción de Señal , Transcriptoma , Vasoconstricción/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Hiperplasia/metabolismo , Hiperplasia/patología , Proteína de Unión a Elemento de Respuesta al AMP Cíclico/metabolismo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Intimal hyperplasia is a normal adaptive feature of arteries in response to injuries, which include invasive vascular interventions. Its development limits the long-term success of bypass grafts. Various pharmacological agents have been successfully employed in experimental models to reduce the degree of intimal hyperplasia. In our study, we investigated the efficacy of dexamethasone in reducing intimal hyperplasia in rat abdominal aortas after partial transection and primary repair. METHODS: In this study, 20 Wistar Albino rats were randomly selected and divided into four groups to compare the effects of low- and high-dose dexamethasone on intima and media thickness compared to the control. Group A (n=5) was the control group, where only skin incision and laparotomy were performed. For Group B (n=5), a median laparotomy was performed, the abdominal aorta was partially transected, and repaired with an 8.0 prolene suture. Doses of 0.1 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg dexamethasone were administered in Group C (n=5) and Group D (n=5), respectively. After two weeks, all rats were euthanized, and the repaired abdominal aortas were excised and examined histopathologically. Intima and media thicknesses were measured using the 'Olympus AnalySIS 5' program (Olympus Corporation, Japan) after digital photos were taken. RESULTS: Based on the measurements, we demonstrated that after transection and repair of the abdominal aorta, the intima/media ratio was not significantly different between the low-dose dexamethasone and non-dexamethasone groups. The intima/media ratio was significantly lower in the high-dose dexamethasone group than in the non-dexamethasone and low-dose dexamethasone groups. CONCLUSION: After vascular interventions, dexamethasone treatment may reduce intimal hyperplasia and increase patency by providing vascular remodeling.

Asunto(s)

Aorta Abdominal , Dexametasona , Hiperplasia , Ratas Wistar , Túnica Íntima , Animales , Dexametasona/farmacología , Dexametasona/uso terapéutico , Dexametasona/administración & dosificación , Aorta Abdominal/cirugía , Aorta Abdominal/patología , Ratas , Hiperplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperplasia/patología , Hiperplasia/prevención & control , Túnica Íntima/patología , Túnica Íntima/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Masculino

RESUMEN

Unlike adult mammals, newborn mice can regenerate a functional heart after myocardial infarction; however, the precise origin of the newly formed cardiomyocytes and whether the distal part of the conduction system (the Purkinje fiber (PF) network) is properly formed in regenerated hearts remains unclear. PFs, as well as subendocardial contractile cardiomyocytes, are derived from trabeculae, transient myocardial ridges on the inner ventricular surface. Here, using connexin 40-driven genetic tracing, we uncover a substantial participation of the trabecular lineage in myocardial regeneration through dedifferentiation and proliferation. Concomitantly, regeneration disrupted PF network maturation, resulting in permanent PF hyperplasia and impaired ventricular conduction. Proliferation assays, genetic impairment of PF recruitment, lineage tracing and clonal analysis revealed that PF network hyperplasia results from excessive recruitment of PFs due to increased trabecular fate plasticity. These data indicate that PF network hyperplasia is a consequence of trabeculae participation in myocardial regeneration.

Asunto(s)

Animales Recién Nacidos , Ventrículos Cardíacos , Ramos Subendocárdicos , Regeneración , Animales , Regeneración/fisiología , Ventrículos Cardíacos/patología , Ventrículos Cardíacos/fisiopatología , Ramos Subendocárdicos/fisiopatología , Ramos Subendocárdicos/fisiología , Ramos Subendocárdicos/patología , Proliferación Celular , Hiperplasia/patología , Miocitos Cardíacos/patología , Miocitos Cardíacos/fisiología , Linaje de la Célula , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: We conducted this study to clarify the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) and Nabothian cysts. METHODS: This study included 48 patients who underwent hysterectomy at our institution between 2016 and 2020 for suspected LEGH. Histopathological studies confirmed the presence of 25 Nabothian cysts and 23 cases of LEGH. We retrospectively analyzed five characteristic MRI findings: (1) located at the upper cervical canal, (2) positioned within the cervical stroma, (3) not circumscribing the cervical canal, (4) low- to iso-intensity on T1-weighted images (T1WI), and (5) "cosmos" or "microcystic" pattern. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of these findings for LEGH and Nabothian cysts using sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. Combinations of findings were also calculated. RESULTS: The characteristics "cosmos" or "microcystic" pattern, lesion not circumscribing the cervical canal, and low/iso-intensity on T1WI had a sensitivity and specificity greater than 50%. The sensitivity was 73.9% and specificity 84.0% when a combination of "cosmos" or "microcystic" pattern and lesion not circumscribing the cervical canal was present. CONCLUSION: The coexistence of a "cosmos" or "microcystic" pattern and not circumscribing the cervical canal was the most characteristic finding that distinguished LEGH from Nabothian cysts. When neither of these findings is present, Nabothian cyst can be suspected.

Asunto(s)

Cuello del Útero , Quistes , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Quistes/diagnóstico por imagen , Quistes/diagnóstico , Quistes/patología , Adulto , Cuello del Útero/patología , Cuello del Útero/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Hiperplasia/diagnóstico por imagen , Hiperplasia/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia/patología , Histerectomía , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/patología , Cuidados Preoperatorios/métodos , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/cirugía

RESUMEN

In the two decades that have elapsed since the initial proposal of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI), several hundred cases have been reported and researched. However, a comprehensive analysis of research progress remains absent from the literature. The present article endeavors to evaluate the current progress of NEHI research and offer a reference for the clinical management of this condition.

Asunto(s)

Hiperplasia , Células Neuroendocrinas , Humanos , Células Neuroendocrinas/patología , Hiperplasia/patología , Lactante , Masculino , Femenino

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered one of the most common cancers in the world. Serrated polyps were found to be precursor lesions for CRC. BRAF mutation (V600E) has been strongly linked to the development of these lesions. No previous study concerning BRAF immunohistochemical expression in serrated polyps- was done in Oman. The primary objective of our study was to assess the prevalence of BRAF (V600E) mutation in serrated colorectal polyps in the Omani population. The secondary objectives were to assess the prevalence of serrated polyps and their characteristic features: type, site and size as well as the relationship between BRAF (V600E) mutation and polyp type, site and size. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-one hyperplastic polyps (HP) (76.5%), 24 sessile serrated lesions (SSL) (20.2%) and 4 cases of tubular adenomas with low grade dysplasia (3.4%) were studied for BRAF (V600E) immunohistochemical expression. No case of traditional serrated adenoma (TSA) was present. Control cases of craniopharyngioma and papillary thyroid carcinoma were included. RESULTS: BRAF (V600E) IHC was positive in 63 of the HP polyps (69.2%), 13 SSLs (54.2%) and none of the adenomatous polyps. The majority of positive polyps (75.0%) were ≤5 mm in size, 17.9% were 5-10 mm and 7.1% were ≥10 mm in size.  The majority of BRAF (V600E) positive polyps (68.1 %) were in the distal colon and 31.9 % were in the proximal colon. The majority of positive cases for BRAF (V600E) were showing multiple polyps (61.8 %). None of the tubular adenomas showed any BRAF (V600E) positivity. CONCLUSION: Serrated polyps are now well known for their potential to develop CRC. Immunohistochemistry is an easy and reproducible way to detect BRAF (V600E) mutation. Our study showed there is high prevalence (64.3%) of BRAF mutation in serrated polyps in the Omani population. The majority of these polyps- were HP and SSL; and ≤5 mm in size and located in the distal colon.

Asunto(s)

Adenoma , Pólipos del Colon , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Mutación , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf , Humanos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf/metabolismo , Femenino , Masculino , Omán , Pólipos del Colon/genética , Pólipos del Colon/patología , Pólipos del Colon/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Adulto , Adenoma/genética , Adenoma/patología , Adenoma/metabolismo , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Pronóstico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Anciano , Estudios de Seguimiento , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/genética , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/patología , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/metabolismo , Lesiones Precancerosas/genética , Lesiones Precancerosas/patología , Lesiones Precancerosas/metabolismo , Adulto Joven , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/genética , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/metabolismo , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Hiperplasia/genética , Hiperplasia/patología , Hiperplasia/metabolismo , Carcinoma Papilar/genética , Carcinoma Papilar/patología , Carcinoma Papilar/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Several neoplastic and non-neoplastic proliferations of the appendix can show varying degrees of serrated epithelial architecture. Of these, diffuse mucosal hyperplasia is most common, followed in frequency by low-grade mucinous and serrated neoplasms. It is important to distinguish serrated appendiceal neoplasms from their potential mimics because these entities may be managed differently. Diffuse mucosal hyperplasia is a non-neoplastic change that usually develops in the setting of resolving appendicitis and requires no further therapy or surveillance, and serrated neoplasms confined to the mucosa are adequately treated by appendectomy alone. On the other hand, low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms may require surveillance, and those with extra-appendiceal spread differ from adenocarcinomas arising from serrated neoplasms with respect to both treatment and prognosis. Low-grade mucinous neoplasms in the peritoneum are frequently amenable to peritoneum-directed therapies alone, while adenocarcinomas derived from serrated neoplasms often spread to both regional lymph nodes and the peritoneum, potentially requiring right colectomy and systemic chemotherapy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature regarding the clinical and pathologic features of appendiceal lesions that show epithelial serration and provide the reader with helpful tips to distinguish serrated neoplasms from their mimics.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias del Apéndice , Humanos , Neoplasias del Apéndice/patología , Neoplasias del Apéndice/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Hiperplasia/patología , Apéndice/patología

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of synovial hyperplasia in the knee joints of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) model rabbits. METHODS: Forty Japanese large-eared white rabbits were divided into AIA and control groups. After successful induction of the AIA model, the knee joints were randomly assigned to RFA and non-RFA groups. The RFA group underwent ultrasound-guided RFA to treat synovial hyperplasia in the knee joint. Dynamic observation of various detection indices was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the RFA procedure. RESULTS: Successful synovial ablation was achieved in the RFA group, with no intraoperative or perioperative mortality. Postoperative the circumference of the knee joint reached a peak before decreasing in the third week after surgery. The incidence and diameter of postoperative skin ulcers were not significantly different compared to the non-RFA group (p > .05). Anatomical examination revealed an intact intermuscular fascia around the ablated area in the RFA group. The ablated synovial tissue initially presented as a white mass, which subsequently liquefied into a milky white viscous fluid. Gross articular cartilage was observed, along with liquefied necrosis of the synovium on pathological histology and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the surrounding soft tissue. CONCLUSION: The experimental results demonstrated that ultrasound-guided RFA of the knee in the treatment of synovial hyperplasia in AIA model animals was both effective and safe.

Asunto(s)

Hiperplasia , Ablación por Radiofrecuencia , Animales , Conejos , Ablación por Radiofrecuencia/métodos , Hiperplasia/cirugía , Hiperplasia/patología , Membrana Sinovial/patología , Membrana Sinovial/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía/métodos , Masculino , Ultrasonografía Intervencional/métodos

RESUMEN

Squamous cell lung cancer (SCLC) occurs as a result of dysregenerative changes in the bronchial epithelium: basal cell hyperplasia (BCH), squamous cell metaplasia (SM), and dysplasia. We previously suggested that combinations of precancerous changes detected in the small bronchi of patients with SCLC may reflect various "scenarios" of the precancerous process: isolated BCH→stopping at the stage of hyperplasia, BCH+SM→progression of hyperplasia into metaplasia, SM+dysplasia→progression of metaplasia into dysplasia. In this study, DNA methylome of various forms of precancerous changes in the bronchial epithelium of SCLC patients was analyzed using the genome-wide bisulfite sequencing. In BCH combined with SM, in contrast to isolated BCH, differentially methylated regions were identified in genes of the pathogenetically significant MET signaling pathway (RNMT, HPN). Differentially methylated regions affecting genes involved in inflammation regulation (IL-23, IL-23R, IL12B, IL12RB1, and FIS1) were detected in SM combined with dysplasia in comparison with SM combined with BCH. The revealed changes in DNA methylation may underlie various "scenarios" of the precancerous process in the bronchial epithelium.

Asunto(s)

Bronquios , Metilación de ADN , Hiperplasia , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Metaplasia , Lesiones Precancerosas , Humanos , Hiperplasia/patología , Hiperplasia/genética , Metaplasia/genética , Metaplasia/patología , Metaplasia/metabolismo , Bronquios/patología , Bronquios/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Lesiones Precancerosas/genética , Lesiones Precancerosas/patología , Lesiones Precancerosas/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Epigenoma/genética , Mucosa Respiratoria/patología , Mucosa Respiratoria/metabolismo , Anciano , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/patología , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Hemodialysis is a prevalent treatment for the end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. The primary arteriovenous fistula (AVF), widely considered the optimal hemodialysis access method, fails to mature in up to two-thirds of the cases. The etiology of the early AVF failure, defined as thrombosis or inability to use within three months post-creation remains less understood, and is influenced by various factors including patient demographics, surgical techniques, and genetic predispositions. Neointimal hyperplasia is a primary histological finding in stenotic lesions leading to the AVF failure. However, there are insufficient data on the cellular phenotypes and the impact of the preexisting CKD-related factors. This study aims to investigate the histological, morphometric, and immunohistochemical alterations in the fistula vein, pre-, peri-, and post-early failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-nine stage 4-5 CKD patients underwent standard preoperative assessment, including the Doppler ultrasound, before a typical radio-cephalic AVF creation. Post-failure, a new AVF was created proximally. The vein specimens were collected during the surgery, processed, and analyzed for morphometric analyses and various cellular markers, including Vimentin, TGF, and Ki 67. RESULTS: The study enrolled 89 CKD patients, analyzing various aspects of their condition and AVF failures. The histomorphometric analysis revealed substantial venous luminal stenosis and varied endothelial changes. The immunohistologic analysis showed differential marker expressions pre- and post-AVF creation. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the complexity of the early AVF failures in CKD patients. The medial hypertrophy emerged as a significant preexisting lesion, while the postoperative analyses indicated a shift towards neointimal hyperplasia. The research underscores the nuanced interplay of vascular remodeling, endothelial damage, and cellular proliferation in the AVF outcomes.

Asunto(s)

Derivación Arteriovenosa Quirúrgica , Hiperplasia , Neointima , Diálisis Renal , Humanos , Derivación Arteriovenosa Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Neointima/patología , Hiperplasia/patología , Inmunohistoquímica , Adulto , Insuficiencia del Tratamiento , Factores de Tiempo , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/patología , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/terapia , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Fallo Renal Crónico/patología , Fallo Renal Crónico/complicaciones , Oclusión de Injerto Vascular/patología , Oclusión de Injerto Vascular/etiología , Grado de Desobstrucción Vascular , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Antígeno Ki-67/análisis , Biomarcadores/análisis , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Venas/patología , Venas/diagnóstico por imagen , Remodelación Vascular

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Synovial pathology has been linked to osteoarthritis (OA) pain in patients. Microscopic grading systems for synovial changes in human OA have been described, but a standardized approach for murine models of OA is needed. We sought to develop a reproducible approach and set of minimum recommendations for reporting of synovial histopathology in mouse models of OA. METHODS: Coronal and sagittal sections from male mouse knee joints subjected to destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM) or partial meniscectomy (PMX) were collected as part of other studies. Stains included Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Toluidine Blue (T-Blue), and Safranin O/Fast Green (Saf-O). Four blinded readers graded pathological features (hyperplasia, cellularity, and fibrosis) at specific anatomic locations. Inter-reader agreement of each feature score was determined. RESULTS: There was acceptable to very good agreement when using 3-4 individual readers. After DMM and PMX, expected medial predominant changes in hyperplasia and cellularity were observed, with fibrosis noted at 12 weeks post-PMX. Synovial changes were consistent from section to section in the mid-joint area. When comparing stains, H&E and T-blue resulted in better agreement compared to Saf-O stain. CONCLUSIONS: To account for the pathologic and anatomic variability in synovial pathology and allow for a more standardized evaluation that can be compared across studies, we recommend evaluating a minimum set of 3 pathological features at standardized anatomic areas. Further, we suggest reporting individual feature scores separately before relying on a single summed "synovitis" score. H&E or T-blue are preferred, inter-reader agreement for each feature should be considered.

Asunto(s)

Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Meniscos Tibiales , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla , Membrana Sinovial , Animales , Membrana Sinovial/patología , Ratones , Masculino , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/patología , Meniscos Tibiales/patología , Meniscos Tibiales/cirugía , Meniscectomía , Artritis Experimental/patología , Hiperplasia/patología , Fibrosis/patología , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Colorantes

Asunto(s)

Glándulas Ecrinas , Nevo de Células Epitelioides y Fusiformes , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas , Humanos , Nevo de Células Epitelioides y Fusiformes/patología , Nevo de Células Epitelioides y Fusiformes/genética , Nevo de Células Epitelioides y Fusiformes/diagnóstico , Glándulas Ecrinas/patología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genética , Hiperplasia/patología , Femenino , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sudoríparas/patología , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sudoríparas/diagnóstico , Masculino , Adulto , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas

RESUMEN

Fibrostenosing Crohn's disease (CD) represents a challenging clinical condition characterized by the development of symptomatic strictures within the gastrointestinal tract. Despite therapeutic advancements in managing inflammation, the progression of fibrostenotic complications remains a significant concern, often necessitating surgical intervention. Recent investigations have unveiled the pivotal role of smooth muscle cell hyperplasia in driving luminal narrowing and clinical symptomatology. Drawing parallels to analogous inflammatory conditions affecting other organs, such as the airways and blood vessels, sheds light on common underlying mechanisms of muscular hyperplasia. This review synthesizes current evidence to elucidate the mechanisms underlying smooth muscle cell proliferation in CD-associated strictures, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets. By highlighting the emerging significance of muscle thickening as a novel therapeutic target, this review aims to inform future research endeavors and clinical strategies with the goal to mitigate the burden of fibrostenotic complications in CD and other conditions.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedad de Crohn , Hiperplasia , Músculo Liso , Enfermedad de Crohn/patología , Enfermedad de Crohn/complicaciones , Humanos , Hiperplasia/patología , Constricción Patológica , Animales , Músculo Liso/patología , Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Fibrosis , Proliferación Celular , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/patología , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Blood amino acid levels are maintained in a narrow physiological range. The pancreatic α cells have emerged as the primary aminoacidemia regulator through glucagon secretion to promote hepatic amino acid catabolism. Interruption of glucagon signaling disrupts the liver-α cells axis leading to hyperaminoacidemia, which triggers a compensatory rise in glucagon secretion and α cell hyperplasia. The mechanisms of hyperaminoacidemia-induced α cell hyperplasia remain incompletely understood. Using a mouse α cell line and in vivo studies in zebrafish and mice, we found that hyperaminoacidemia-induced α cell hyperplasia requires ErbB3 signaling. In addition to mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, another ErbB3 downstream effector signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 also plays a role in α cell hyperplasia. Mechanistically, ErbB3 may partner with ErbB2 to stimulate cyclin D2 and suppress p27 via mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Our study identifies ErbB3 as a new regulator for hyperaminoacidemia-induced α cell proliferation and a critical component of the liver-α cells axis that regulates aminoacidemia.

Asunto(s)

Ciclina D2 , Células Secretoras de Glucagón , Hiperplasia , Diana Mecanicista del Complejo 1 de la Rapamicina , Receptor ErbB-3 , Pez Cebra , Animales , Células Secretoras de Glucagón/metabolismo , Células Secretoras de Glucagón/patología , Receptor ErbB-3/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-3/genética , Hiperplasia/metabolismo , Hiperplasia/patología , Ratones , Diana Mecanicista del Complejo 1 de la Rapamicina/metabolismo , Ciclina D2/metabolismo , Ciclina D2/genética , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/genética , Transducción de Señal , Proliferación Celular , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Humanos

RESUMEN

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia of the fallopian tubes. Methods: Sixteen cases of pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia of the fallopian tubes diagnosed at Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from January 2011 to January 2024 were collected.The pathological sections were reviewed, the clinical and pathological data were consulted, and immunohistochemical examination was conducted along with follow-up. Results: The patients were aged from 19 to 57 years, with an average age of 41 and a median age of 38. Among the 16 cases, 4 were located in the right fallopian tubes, 6 in the left fallopian tubes, while the remaining cases presented bilaterally. The general manifestations were tubal edema, crispness and purulent secretion in the lumen. Morphologically, the fallopian tube mucosa exhibited a significant infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells. The epithelial cells of the fallopian tube displayed evident proliferation, stratification and disorganized arrangement leading to formation of small glandular cavity with back-to-back, fissure-like and sieve-like structures. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positivity for CK7 and WT1, along with wild-type p53 expression, Ki-67 index ranged from 5% to 20%. During the follow-up period ranging from 1 to 156 months, all the patients remained free of disease. Conclusions: Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia of the fallopian tube is a rare non-neoplastic lesion, which can lead to epithelial hyperplasia and atypical hyperplasia. The most important significance of recognizing this lesion lies in avoiding misdiagnosis of fallopian tube cancer during intraoperative and postoperative pathological examination. This ensures that clinicians can administer correct clinical interventions.

Asunto(s)

Trompas Uterinas , Hiperplasia , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Hiperplasia/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trompas Uterinas/patología , Trompas Uterinas/metabolismo , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Queratina-7/metabolismo , Neoplasias de las Trompas Uterinas/patología , Neoplasias de las Trompas Uterinas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de las Trompas Uterinas/cirugía , Neoplasias de las Trompas Uterinas/diagnóstico , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Proteínas WT1/metabolismo , Adulto Joven , Células Epiteliales/patología , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica , Enfermedades de las Trompas Uterinas/patología , Enfermedades de las Trompas Uterinas/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Trompas Uterinas/diagnóstico

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: PKC-fused blue naevi are a recently described group of melanocytic tumours that have distinctive morphological features, including a pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma-like junctional component or a dermal biphasic architecture associating with naevocytoid nests surrounded by dendritic and spindled pigmented melanocytes (so-called 'combined common and blue naevus'). There have been reports of smooth muscle hyperplasia in a hamartoma-like pattern in cases of combined blue naevi without genetic exploration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Herein, we describe 12 cases of protein kinase C (PKC)-fused blue tumours associated with a co-existing smooth muscle hyperplasia, identified from a total of 98 PKC-fused melanocytic tumours. Archived slides of PKC-fused blue naevi with haematoxylin, eosin and phloxin staining, immunohistochemistry and molecular confirmation of a PKC-fusion by fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) or RNAseq were re-evaluated for identification of notable smooth muscle hyperplasia. Fifty-one of these slides had already been studied in a previous publication from our group. RESULTS: The hyperplasia ranged from hypertrophic arrector pili muscles to extensive horizontal bundles of disorganised fibres constantly associated and limited within a biphasic dermal melanocytic component. At least one arrector pili muscle was always visible within the tumour, with occasionally direct extension of the hyperplastic fibres from the main muscle body. These muscle fibres were devoid of a PKC-fusion signal by FISH. PKC molecules are involved in the regulation of smooth muscle function, offering an explanatory framework. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest incorporating smooth muscle hyperplasia as a diagnostic morphological feature of PKC-fused blue melanocytic tumours.

Asunto(s)

Hiperplasia , Músculo Liso , Nevo Azul , Proteína Quinasa C , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Hiperplasia/patología , Proteína Quinasa C/genética , Proteína Quinasa C/metabolismo , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genética , Nevo Azul/patología , Nevo Azul/genética , Nevo Azul/diagnóstico , Músculo Liso/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Niño , Anciano

RESUMEN

In reconstructive surgery, complications post-fibula free flap (FFF) reconstruction, notably peri-implant hyperplasia, are significant yet understudied. This study analyzed peri-implant hyperplastic tissue surrounding FFF, alongside peri-implantitis and foreign body granulation (FBG) tissues from patients treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Using light microscopy, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, anucleate and pyknotic prickle cells, and excessive collagen deposition were observed in FFF hyperplastic tissue. Ultrastructural analyses revealed abnormal structures, including hemidesmosome dilation, bacterial invasion, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) swelling. In immunohistochemical analysis, unfolded protein-response markers ATF6, PERK, XBP1, inflammatory marker NFκB, necroptosis marker MLKL, apoptosis marker GADD153, autophagy marker LC3, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis markers were expressed variably in hyperplastic tissue surrounding FFF implants, peri-implantitis, and FBG tissues. NFκB expression was higher in peri-implantitis and FBG tissues compared to hyperplastic tissue surrounding FFF implants. PERK expression exceeded XBP1 significantly in FFF hyperplastic tissue, while expression levels of PERK, XBP1, and ATF6 were not significantly different in peri-implantitis and FBG tissues. These findings provide valuable insights into the interconnected roles of ER stress, necroptosis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of oral pathologies, offering a foundation for innovative strategies in dental implant rehabilitation management and prevention.

Asunto(s)

Implantes Dentales , Hiperplasia , Humanos , Femenino , Implantes Dentales/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hiperplasia/patología , Hiperplasia/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Inmunohistoquímica , Periimplantitis/metabolismo , Periimplantitis/patología , Periimplantitis/etiología , Peroné/patología , Peroné/metabolismo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: We previously reported unusual adenomas with proliferative zones confined to the lower two-thirds of the crypt. The proliferative zones of colorectal adenomas have three patterns: 'lower,' 'superficial' and 'entire'. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of each adenoma pattern. METHODS: We investigated 2925 consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy at our institute. All polyps that were removed were histologically examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The location of the proliferative zone was assessed for adenomas. Data were compared using Dunn's and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: Colorectal adenomas with 'lower' proliferative zone often appeared similar to hyperplastic polyps (42.8%), and the frequency was significantly higher than that of adenomas with 'superficial' and 'entire' proliferative zones (p < 0.001). The mean sizes of adenomas were 2.4, 3.0 and 3.9 mm for 'lower,' 'superficial' and 'entire' proliferative zones, respectively. A significant gradual increase was observed. Regarding morphology, the proportion of type 0-I in adenomas with an 'entire' proliferative zone was significantly higher than that in adenomas with 'superficial' proliferative zone (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: While colorectal adenomas develop and increase in size, the proliferative zone appears to shift upward and become scattered.

Asunto(s)

Adenoma , Pólipos del Colon , Colonoscopía , Humanos , Adenoma/patología , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Pólipos del Colon/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Adulto , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Proliferación Celular , Hiperplasia/patología

RESUMEN

Mammary-type tissue in the vulva was first described in 1872 but has been rarely reported in the literature. This tissue was previously considered as ectopic breast tissue that occurs as a result of incomplete regression of the milk line. Similar to native breast tissue, ectopic mammary tissue is hormone-sensitive and can develop benign changes, such as fibroadenoma, as well as malignant changes. A more recent theory suggests that these benign and malignant mammary-type entities arise from mammary-like anogenital glands, which constitute normal vulvar components. We report a case of a 41-year-old woman who presented with a chronic asymptomatic cyst on the left vulva that eventually became uncomfortable, especially on standing. The cyst was located on the labium minus, measuring 1.0 × 0.5 cm, with no identified erythema or other skin abnormalities. Excision of the lesion and subsequent microscopic examination showed a circumscribed mass with a nodular overgrowth of epithelial and stromal components, resembling a mammary fibroadenoma with pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia. We bring to attention this rare diagnosis and the importance of considering it in the presence of a vulvar lesion. The malignant and recurrence potential of mammary-type tissue necessitates excision with clear margins and close monitoring of these patients.

Asunto(s)

Angiomatosis , Fibroadenoma , Hiperplasia , Neoplasias de la Vulva , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Fibroadenoma/patología , Fibroadenoma/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia/patología , Angiomatosis/patología , Angiomatosis/diagnóstico , Angiomatosis/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vulva/patología , Neoplasias de la Vulva/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vulva/diagnóstico , Vulva/patología , Enfermedades de la Mama