RESUMEN

Due to its high polyphenol content, black rice plays a significant role in good nutrition; however, these antioxidant compounds are affected by heat treatments required for the rice consumption. The aim of this work was to investigate how cooking affects the composition of Artemide black rice, comparing innovative methods, such as sous vide, with traditional domestic techniques (risotto and pilaf). Proteins and ashes were not affected by cooking, except for pilaf rice, where a 42 % ashes decrease was observed; fiber content increased after all cooking methods, reaching a 29 % increase in the risotto. Antioxidant activity, total polyphenols, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins were reduced on average of 40 %, 34 %, 43 % and 39 %, respectively. Individual anthocyanins decreased, while phenolic acids and other flavonoids presented different behaviours, also depending if considered in their free or bound form. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was reduced up to 56 % in the sous vide cooked rice at 99 °C, and only by 45 % and 37 % in the risotto and sous vide cooked rice at 89 °C, respectively. Traditional risotto preparation and the innovative sous vide cooking at 89 °C also maintained the highest antioxidant polyphenols content, saving 63 % of the antioxidant activity in respect to the raw black rice. Concluding, these last techniques can be suggested for a better preservation of bioactive compounds.

Asunto(s)

Antocianinas , Antioxidantes , Culinaria , Oryza , Polifenoles , Oryza/química , Culinaria/métodos , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antocianinas/análisis , Polifenoles/análisis , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Calor , Proantocianidinas/análisis , Glucósidos/análisis , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Valor Nutritivo

RESUMEN

Spelt Triticum aestivum L. subsp. spelta (cv. Wirtas), einkorn Triticum monococcum L. (cv. Samopsza) and emmer Triticum dicoccum Schrank (Schuebl) (cv. Plaskurka biala and Plaskurka ciemna) spring wheat cultivars were analyzed and compared to common wheat Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum (cv. Harenda, Kandela, Mandaryna, Serenada, Goplana, Kamelia, Nimfa, Rusalka, Struna, Zadra) cultivated in an organic production system. Moreover, the performance of four common wheat cultivars (cv. Harenda, Kandela, Mandaryna, Serenada) grown in organic, conventional and integrated production systems were compared. The UHPLC-DAD-MS and TLC-DPPH• analyses of specific substances (phenolic acids and alkylresorcinols) were evaluated to ascertain the potential of spring wheat cultivars for promoting human health and suitability for cultivation in an organic production system. The highest yield was observed for the T. aestivum L. subsp. aestivum (modern hull-less) cv. Nimfa (4.45 t/ha), which also demonstrated the lowest resistance to Fusarium spp. infection. Among the contemporary hull-less cultivars, cv. Mandaryna and cv. Harenda exhibited the highest resistance to this pathogen (2.4% and 3.7% of grains infected by Fusarium, respectively), while simultaneously displaying the highest organic phenolic acid content (900.92 and 984.55 µg/g of the grain) and the highest antioxidant potential. It is noteworthy that the cereal hulls of T. monococcum L. (old hulled) (cv. Samopsza) exhibited a markedly elevated content of phenolic acids (approximately 4000 µg/g of the grain). This may have contributed to the reduced incidence of Fusarium infection (9.3% of grains infected) observed in the grains of this cultivar. Furthermore, the hulls proved to be a rich source of phenolics with high antioxidant activity, which is beneficial for human and animal health.

Asunto(s)

Triticum , Triticum/microbiología , Triticum/química , Resorcinoles/química , Resorcinoles/análisis , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/química , Espectrometría de Masas

RESUMEN

The retention of bioactive compounds in the blend of wheat and rye flours and 4% roasted buckwheat hulls, dough before and after fermentation, and obtained bread were determined. In parallel, the content of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) and antioxidant capacity (AC) during technological steps of bread production were studied. The dough formation and fermentation process increased the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids and reduced the content of tocopherols, and no changes in glutathione as compared to the blend were noted. Moreover, the increased level of available lysine and AC were observed after dough fermentation. The baking process resulted in further increased phenolic acids, and flavonoids and decreased the tocopherols and glutathione contents. The bread was characterized by the highest values of parameters related to MRPs, such as the content of fluorescent intermediary compounds and final browning index compared to other analyzed steps.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Pan , Culinaria , Fagopyrum , Triticum , Fagopyrum/química , Pan/análisis , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/análisis , Triticum/química , Triticum/metabolismo , Semillas/química , Semillas/metabolismo , Fermentación , Harina/análisis , Flavonoides/análisis , Flavonoides/química , Reacción de Maillard , Tocoferoles/análisis , Tocoferoles/química , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis

RESUMEN

Ainsliaea fragrans Champ, a strong heat-clearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicine, has been effectively used for treating chronic cervicitis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory diseases, and other conditions caused by damp heat. It shows a good effect in the treatment of cervicitis and has broad clinical application prospects. Nevertheless, there is no comprehensive study on its in vivo and in vitro chemical analysis. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS combined with the non-targeted characteristic filter analysis were used to conjecture and characterize the chemical components and in vivo metabolites of rats following oral administration of Ainsliaea fragrans Champ. In this study, A total of 85 compounds were identified in Ainsliaea fragrans Champ, including 29 flavonoids, 14 sesquiterpenoids, 25 chlorogenic acids, and 17 other compounds. In the plasma of rats after administration of Ainsliaea fragrans Champ, 160 compounds were deduced (19 prototype compounds and 141 metabolites). The 141 metabolites consist of 50 flavonoids, 80 phenolic acids and 11 Chlorogenic acids. The related metabolic pathways mainly involved demethylation, reduction, sulfonation, decarboxylation, hydroxylation, methylation, and glucuronide conjunction. In summary, the chemical components and metabolites of Ainsliaea fragrans Champ were comprehensively identified by using a rapid and accurate analysis method, which laid a foundation for dissecting its bioactive substances. In addition, it provides a scientific basis for the in-depth study of the material basis of Ainsliaea fragrans Champ efficacy and theoretical support for illustrating the mechanism of medical action and its clinical application.

Asunto(s)

Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Flavonoides , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Ratas , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/administración & dosificación , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/metabolismo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacocinética , Administración Oral , Flavonoides/sangre , Flavonoides/química , Femenino , Ácido Clorogénico/sangre , Ácido Clorogénico/química , Ácido Clorogénico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Clorogénico/metabolismo , Asteraceae/química , Hidroxibenzoatos/sangre , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Hidroxibenzoatos/metabolismo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Researchers have investigated different techniques for synthesis of carbon dots. These techniques include Arc discharge, laser ablation, oxidation, water/solvothermal, and chemical vapor deposition. However, these techniques suffer from some limitations like the utilization of gaseous charged particles, high current, high temperature, potent oxidizing agents, non-environmentally friendly carbon sources, and the generation of uneven particle size. Therefore, there was a significant demand for the adoption of a new technology that combines the environmentally friendly aspects of both bio-based carbon sourcing and synthesis technique. RESULTS: Medicago sativa L (alfalfa)-derived N, S-CDs have been successfully synthesized via microwave irradiation. The N,S-CDs exhibit strong fluorescence (λex/em of 320/420 nm) with fluorescence quantum yield of 2.2 % and high-water solubility. The produced N,S-CDs were characterized using TEM, EDX, Zeta potential analysis, IR, UV-Visible, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The average diameter of the produced N, S-CDs was 4.01 ± 1.2 nm, and the Zeta potential was -24.5 ± 6.63 mv. The stability of the produced nano sensors was also confirmed over wide pH range, long time, and in presence of different ions. The synthesized N, S-CDs were employed to quantify the antibacterial drug, nifuroxazide (NFZ), by fluorescence quenching via inner filter effect mechanism. The method was linear with NFZ concentration ranging from 1.0 to 30.0 µM. LOD and LOQ were 0.16 and 0.49 µM, respectively. The method was applied to quantify NFZ in simulated gastric juice (SGJ) with % recovery 99.59 ± 1.4 in addition to pharmaceutical dosage forms with % recovery 98.75 ± 0.61 for Antinal Capsules® and 100.63 ± 1.54 for Antinal suspension®. The Method validation was performed in compliance with the criteria outlined by ICH. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY: The suggested approach primarily centers on the first-time use of alfalfa, an ecologically sustainable source of dopped-CDs, and a cost-effective synthesis technique via microwave irradiation, which is characterized by low energy consumption, minimized reaction time, and the ability to control the size of the produced CDs. This is in line with the growing global recognition of the implementation of green analytical chemistry principles.

Asunto(s)

Biomasa , Jugo Gástrico , Medicago sativa , Microondas , Nitrofuranos , Medicago sativa/química , Nitrofuranos/análisis , Jugo Gástrico/química , Tecnología Química Verde , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Hidroxibenzoatos/química , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Humanos , Tamaño de la Partícula

RESUMEN

Persimmon fruit processing-derived waste and by-products, such as peels and pomace, are important sources of dietary fiber and phytochemicals. Revalorizing these by-products could help promote circular nutrition and agricultural sustainability while tackling dietary deficiencies and chronic diseases. In this study, fiber-rich fractions were prepared from the by-products of Sharoni and Brilliant Red persimmon varieties. These fractions were quantified for their phenolic composition and assessed for their ability to promote the growth of beneficial human colonic Firmicutes species and for their in vitro anti-inflammatory potential. Gallic and protocatechuic acids, delphinidin, and cyanidin were the main phenolics identified. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains showed significantly higher growth rates in the presence of the Brilliant Red fraction, generating more than double butyrate as a proportion of the total short-chain fatty acids (39.5% vs. 17.8%) when compared to glucose. The fiber-rich fractions significantly decreased the inflammatory effect of interleukin-1ß in Caco-2 cells, and the fermented fractions (both from Sharoni and Brilliant Red) significantly decreased the inflammatory effect of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, fiber-rich fractions from persimmon by-products could be part of nutritional therapies as they reduce systemic inflammation, promote the growth of beneficial human gut bacteria, and increase the production of beneficial microbial metabolites such as butyrate.

Asunto(s)

Antiinflamatorios , Colon , Fibras de la Dieta , Diospyros , Humanos , Fibras de la Dieta/farmacología , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Diospyros/química , Ratones , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Colon/microbiología , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/metabolismo , Animales , Células RAW 264.7 , Células CACO-2 , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Firmicutes , Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , Frutas/química , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Hidroxibenzoatos/farmacología , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenoles/análisis , Fermentación , Ácido Gálico/farmacología , Antocianinas/farmacología , Antocianinas/análisis

RESUMEN

Prunella vulgaris L. (P. vulgaris) has great application value and development prospects in improving sleep. In this study, we continued to evaluate the sleep-improvement function and mechanism of P. vulgaris from both chemical characterization and function based on sleep-improvement functional ingredients, rosmarinic acid and salviaflaside, screened out in the previous stage as the index components. The chemical constituents of P. vulgaris and its phenolic acid fraction were characterized by the UPLC-MSn technology. The quality of the sleep-improvement phenolic acid fraction of P. vulgaris was scientifically evaluated by fingerprints combined with quantitative analysis of rosmarinic acid and salviaflaside. The function of phenolic acid parts of P. vulgaris in improving sleep was verified by different insomnia models including the PCPA-induced insomnia model and surface platform sleep deprivation model. HE staining was used to observe the effect of P. vulgaris on the morphology of nerve cells in different brain regions. In vivo experiments and molecular docking explored the sedative-hypnotic effects of functional ingredients of P. vulgaris. All these results investigated the material basis and mechanism of P. vulgaris to improve sleep from multiple perspectives, which contribute to providing a basis for the development of functional food to improve sleep.

Asunto(s)

Depsidos , Extractos Vegetales , Prunella , Ácido Rosmarínico , Sueño , Prunella/química , Animales , Sueño/efectos de los fármacos , Depsidos/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Masculino , Cinamatos/análisis , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/tratamiento farmacológico , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Ratones , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/farmacología

RESUMEN

This study established an ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) fingerprint of abandoned stems and leaves of Artemisia selengensis and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) for five phenolic acid components. Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C_(18) chromatography column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 µm) was used. The gradient elution was carried out with the mobile phase composed of 0.1% phosphoric acid water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1) and a column temperature at 30 ℃. The detection wavelength was 330 nm, and the injection volume was 2 µL. Similarity evaluation and cluster analysis were conducted on the fingerprint data, and 15 common components in 13 batches of abandoned stems and leaves of A. selengensis were identified. The relative correction factors of ferulic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, and isochlorogenic acid C were calculated using chlorogenic acid as the internal reference. The QAMS for determining five components in the abandoned stems and leaves of A. selengensis was established. At the same time, the content of these five components was determined using the external standard method(ESM), and the results showed that there were no significant differences in their content determined by the QAMS and the ESM. The results indicated that the content of phenolic acid components in the abandoned stems and leaves of A. selengensis from different varieties and different origins had obvious differences. In addition, the content of phenolic acid components in the abandoned stems and leaves of lignified A. selengensis was significantly higher than that of non-lignified A. selengensis. In summary, QAMS established in this study can be quickly, accurately, and economically used to determine the content of five phenolic acid components in abandoned stems and leaves of A. selengensis, laying a foundation for the resource development and utilization of abandoned stems and leaves of A. selengensis.

Asunto(s)

Artemisia , Hidroxibenzoatos , Hojas de la Planta , Tallos de la Planta , Control de Calidad , Hojas de la Planta/química , Tallos de la Planta/química , Artemisia/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Hidroxibenzoatos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/análisis

RESUMEN

In this study, a beverage made from a combination of Agave sap (AS) and prickly pear juice (PPJ) was analyzed for its nutrients and bioactive and potentially health-promoting compounds. The beverage was evaluated for its ability to act as an antioxidant, regulate glycemic properties, and undergo gut bacterial fermentation in vitro. The major mono- and oligosaccharides present in the beverage were galacturonic acid (217.74 ± 13.46 mg/100 mL), rhamnose (227.00 ± 1.58 mg/100 mL), and fructose (158.16 ± 8.86 mg/mL). The main phenolic compounds identified were protocatechuic acid (440.31 ± 3.06 mg/100 mL) and catechin (359.72 ± 7.56 mg/100 mL). It was observed that the beverage had a low glycemic index (<40) and could inhibit digestive carbohydrases. The combination of ingredients also helped to reduce gas production during AS fermentation from 56.77 cm3 to 15.67 cm3. The major SCFAs produced during fermentation were butyrate, acetate, and propionate, with valerate being produced only during the late fermentation of the AS. This beverage is rich in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and dietary fiber, which will bring health benefits when consumed.

Asunto(s)

Agave , Antioxidantes , Jugos de Frutas y Vegetales , Agave/química , Jugos de Frutas y Vegetales/análisis , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/análisis , Fermentación , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Polifenoles/análisis , Polifenoles/química , Pyrus/química , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/química , Ramnosa/análisis , Ramnosa/química , Catequina/análisis , Catequina/química , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Ácidos Hexurónicos

RESUMEN

A magnetic MXene aerogel (Fe3O4@MXene@PEI) was prepared by crosslinking amino modified MXene with polyethyleneimine using epichlorohydrin as a cross-linker. Adsorption properties of Fe3O4@MXene@PEI aerogel for phenolic acids were evaluated by adsorption kinetics and isotherms experiments, showing that the high adsorption affinity was governed by multilayer chemisorption process. An efficient MSPE/HPLC method was developed for the determination of phenolic acids with excellent selectivity, good linearity (0.025-5.0 µg mL-1), low LODs (0.007-0.017 µg mL-1), and satisfactory recoveries (80.0-120.0 %). Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the Fe3O4@MXene@PEI purified compounds was superior to that of the conventional method as demonstrated by the results of scavenging experiments on 2,2 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. Finally, 65 organic acids were identified in the Fe3O4@MXene@PEI treated honeysuckle extracts by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS analysis. The proposed sorbent exhibits remarkable promise for the selective separation and purification of organic acids from herbal products.

Asunto(s)

Hidroxibenzoatos , Polietileneimina , Hidroxibenzoatos/química , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Hidroxibenzoatos/aislamiento & purificación , Polietileneimina/química , Adsorción , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Geles/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , Extracción en Fase Sólida/métodos , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos

RESUMEN

Yerba Mate drink made from dried and crushed leaves and twigs of Paraguayan holly (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.), which is a valuable source of bioactive substances, in particular antioxidants. The available literature lacks data on changes in the content and profile of bioactive compounds such as tannins, caffeine, the phenolic acid profile of flavonoids and carotenoids, as well as total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in Yerba Mate infusions depending on different brewing conditions, and how different brewing conditions affect the physicochemical properties of these infusions. Therefore, this study evaluated the physicochemical properties of dried and Yerba Mate infusions prepared via single and double brewing processes at 70 °C and 100 °C. The organoleptic evaluation, as well as the instrumental color measurement, showed significant changes in the total color difference (ΔE) and the L*a*b* chromatic coordinates of dried Yerba Mate samples and their infusions. Moreover, the research showed higher contents of tannins (mean 1.36 ± 0.14 g/100 g d.m.), caffeine (mean 17.79 ± 3.49 mg/g d.m.), carotenoids (mean 12.90 ± 0.44 µg/g d.m.), phenolic acids (mean 69.97 ± 7.10 mg/g d.m.), flavonoids (mean 5.47 ± 1.78 mg/g d.m.), total polyphenols (mean 55.26 ± 8.51 mg GAE/g d.m.), and antioxidant activity (mean 2031.98 ± 146.47 µM TEAC/g d.m.) in single-brewed Yerba Mate infusions compared to double-brewed (0.77 ± 0.12 g/100 g d.m., 14.28 ± 5.80 mg/g d.m., 12.67 ± 0.62 µg/g d.m., 57.75 ± 8.73 mg/g d.m., 3.64 ± 0.76 mg/g d.m., 33.44 ± 6.48 mg GAE/g d.m. and 1683.09 ± 155.34 µM TEAC/g d.m., respectively). In addition, infusions prepared at a lower temperature (70 °C) were characterized by a higher content of total polyphenols and higher antioxidant activity, in contrast to the tannin and carotenoid contents, the levels of which were higher at 100 °C than at 70 °C. Considering the high amount of bioactive ingredients, in particular antioxidants, and a wide range of health benefits, it is worth including Yerba Mate in the daily diet.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Ilex paraguariensis , Polifenoles , Ilex paraguariensis/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/análisis , Polifenoles/química , Polifenoles/análisis , Taninos/análisis , Taninos/química , Flavonoides/análisis , Flavonoides/química , Carotenoides/química , Carotenoides/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Cafeína/análisis , Cafeína/química , Hidroxibenzoatos/química , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Bebidas/análisis

RESUMEN

Danggui-Jianzhong decoction (DGJZ) is a famous classical traditional Chinese medicine formula, which ingredients are complex and the quality is difficult to control. Our study aimed to identify the overall chemical profile of DGJZ qualitatively by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and UPLC. A total of 77 components, including terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, gingerols and other components, were firstly detected and characterized by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and 18 peaks marked after analyzing the UPLC fingerprint. Finally, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, glycyrrhizic acid and 6-gingerol were quantified, which was validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, repeatability and recovery. Taken together, the chemical constitutes of DGJZ were systematically identified and a reliable quantitative method coupled with fingerprint analysis was successfully employed for evaluating the holistic quality, which will provide a robust foundation for the quality control of DGJZ.

Asunto(s)

Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Espectrometría de Masas , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/análisis , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/normas , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Modelos Lineales , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Flavonoides/análisis , Flavonoides/química , Glucósidos/análisis , Glucósidos/química , Límite de Detección , Catecoles/análisis , Catecoles/química , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Alcoholes Grasos/análisis , Alcoholes Grasos/química , Monoterpenos/análisis , Monoterpenos/química , Ácidos Cumáricos/análisis , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Terpenos/análisis , Terpenos/química , Flavanonas/análisis , Flavanonas/química , Cinamatos/análisis , Cinamatos/química , Fitosteroles/análisis

RESUMEN

Rosehips are a prominent source of numerous bioactive compounds. However, despite their extensive potential, the metabolic profiles among different rosehip species have not been fully elucidated. In this study, 523 secondary metabolites from rosehips of 12 Rosa species were identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. They were primarily composed of flavonoids and phenolic acids. A K-means analysis revealed the characteristic metabolites in different rosehips. For example, R. persica contained a more abundant supply of phenolic acids, while R. roxburghii harbored a richer array of terpenoids. A total of 73 key active ingredients were screened from traditional Chinese medicine databases, and they indicated that R. persica is more promising for use in functional foods or health supplements compared with the other fruits. Moreover, a differential analysis identified 47 compounds as potential contributors to the astringent taste of rosehips, including ellagic acid 4-O-glucoside and cadaverine. This study provides valuable information to develop new functional foods of rosehips and improve the quality of their fruits.

Asunto(s)

Frutas , Metabolómica , Rosa , Gusto , Rosa/química , Rosa/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Frutas/química , Frutas/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Flavonoides/análisis , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Humanos , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Hidroxibenzoatos/metabolismo , Aromatizantes/química , Aromatizantes/metabolismo

RESUMEN

The present work carries out a quantitative analysis of the major bioactive compounds found in the native Mexican purple tomatoes. Total phenolic content ranged from 7.54 to 57.79 mg TPC/g DM, total flavonoid content ranged from 1.89 to 16.93 mg TFC/g DM, total anthocyanin content ranged from 0.29 to 2.56 mg TAC/g DM, and total carotenoid content ranged from 0.11 to 0.75 mg TCC/ g DM. In addition, 14 phenolic acids were identified, among which caffeoylquinic acid derivatives were the most abundant compounds with chlorogenic acid concentration up to 9.680 mg/g DM, together with flavonoids, such as rutin and quercetin-hexoxide. The qualitative analysis also showed the presence of 9 acylated anthocyanins and 2 carotenoids with significant functional features. As for anthocyanins, their chemical structures disclosed special structural features: glycosylated anthocyanins exhibited cis-trans hydroxycinnamic moieties and petunidin-3-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-rutinoside-5-glucoside was reported to be the main anthocyanin, whitin the range of concentrations between 0.160 and 1.143 mg/g DM.

Asunto(s)

Antocianinas , Carotenoides , Flavonoides , Fenoles , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum lycopersicum/química , Antocianinas/análisis , Carotenoides/análisis , México , Flavonoides/análisis , Fenoles/análisis , Frutas/química , Ácido Clorogénico/análisis , Ácido Quínico/análisis , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis

RESUMEN

This study established an ultrasound-assisted extraction-high performance liquid chromatography method for simulta-neously determinining the content of 11 bioactive compounds including iridoids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids in Lonicera japonica flowers. The flowers at six stages from the rice bud stage(ML) to the golden flower stage(JH) of L. japonica varieties 'Sijuhua' and 'Beihua No.1' in two planting bases in Shandong province were collected. The established method was employed to determine the content of 11 target compounds, on the basis of which the dynamics of active components in L. japonica sampels during different development stages was investigated. The correlation analysis was carried out to reveal the correlations of the content of iridoids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of samples at different developmental stages were determined, and the relationship between antioxidant activity and chemical components was analyzed by the correlation analysis. The results showed that the total content of the 11 components in 'Sijihua' changed in a "W" pattern from the ML to JH, being the highest at the ML and the second at the slight white stage(EB). The total content of 11 compounds in 'Beihua No.1' was the highest at the ML and decreased gra-dually from the ML to JH. The samples of 'Sijihua' had higher content of iridoids and lower content of phenolic acids than those of 'Beihua No.1'. The content of flavonoids and phenolic acids showed a positive correlation(R~2=0.90, P<0.05) in 'Sijihua' but no obvious correlation in 'Beihua No.1'. The antioxidant activity and phenolic acid content showed positive correlations, with the determination coefficients(R~2) of 0.84(P<0.05) in 'Beihua No.1' and 0.73(P<0.05) in 'Sijihua'. The antioxidant activity of both varieties was the strongest at the ML and the second at the EB. This study revealed that the content dynamics of iridoids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids in 'Sijihua' and 'Beihua No.1' cultivated in Shandong province during different developmental stages. The results indicated that the antioxidant activity of L. japonica flowers was significantly correlated with the content of phenolic acids at different deve-lopmental stages, which provided a basis for determining the optimum harvest time of L. japonica flowers.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Flavonoides , Flores , Lonicera , Lonicera/química , Lonicera/crecimiento & desarrollo , Lonicera/metabolismo , Flores/química , Flores/crecimiento & desarrollo , Flores/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/química , China , Flavonoides/análisis , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Hidroxibenzoatos/metabolismo , Metabolismo Secundario , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Iridoides/metabolismo , Iridoides/análisis , Iridoides/química

RESUMEN

Qianggan capsule (QGC) is a complex preparation composed of 16 traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) that can clear heat and dampness, fortify the spleen and blood, typify qi and relieve depression. However, the chemical composition of QGC remains incompletely understood, despite its clinical use in treating chronic hepatitis and liver injury. The objective of this study was to explore the quality markers of QGC through qualitative and quantitative analysis of its chemical components. First, the chemical composition of QGC was qualitatively analyzed using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Subsequently, the LC-sMRM method was developed and optimized to accurately quantify various chemical components of 10 batches of QGC. Finally, the variations in chemical components between batches were analyzed via multivariate statistical analysis. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis revealed 167 chemical constituents in QGC, comprised of 48 flavonoids, 32 terpenoids, 18 phenolic acids, 9 coumarins, 9 phenylpropanoids, and 51 nucleosides, sugars, amino acids, anthraquinones, and other compounds. The LC-sMRM method was established for the quantitative analysis of 42 chemical components in 10 batches of QGC. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction parameters were optimized using RSM. Compared with conventional MRM, sMRM demonstrated superior sensitivity and precision. PCA and OPLS-DA identified eight chemical components with content differences among batches. This study established the chemical composition of QGC, offering useful guidance for assessing its quality.

Asunto(s)

Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Flavonoides/análisis , Flavonoides/química , Cumarinas/química , Cumarinas/análisis , Terpenos/análisis , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Nucleósidos/análisis , Cápsulas/química

RESUMEN

Germination is a process that enhances the content of health-promoting secondary metabolites. However, the bioaccessibility of these compounds depends on their stability and solubility throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The study aimed to explore how germination time influences the content and bioaccessibility of γ-aminobutyric acid and polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) sprouts during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Gamma-aminobutyric acid showed a decrease following gastrointestinal digestion (GID) whereas phenolic acids and flavonoids exhibited bioaccessibilities of up to 82.56 and 114.20%, respectively. Although the digestion process affected the profile of phenolic acids and flavonoids, certain isoflavonoids identified in 7-day sprouts (G7) showed resistance to GID. Germination not only favored antioxidant activity but also resulted in germinated samples exhibiting greater antioxidant properties than ungerminated counter parts after GID. Intestinal digests from G7 did not show cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and notably, they showed an outstanding ability to inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species. This suggests potential benefit in mitigating oxidative stress. These findings contribute to understand the dynamic interplay between bioprocessing and digestion in modulating the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds in lupin, thereby impacting health.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Disponibilidad Biológica , Digestión , Germinación , Lupinus , Lupinus/metabolismo , Lupinus/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Germinación/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Células RAW 264.7 , Animales , Polifenoles/metabolismo , Flavonoides/análisis , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Hidroxibenzoatos/metabolismo , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Tracto Gastrointestinal/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Corinthian currants are dried fruits produced from Vitis vinifera L. var. Apyrena grape. This study investigated the distribution of phenolic compounds in male Wistar rat livers following two distinct Corinthian currant long-term dietary intake protocols (3 and 10% w/w). Method optimization, comparing fresh and lyophilized tissues, achieved satisfactory recoveries (>70%) for most analytes. Enzymatic hydrolysis conditions (37 °C, pH 5.0) minimally affected phenolics, but enzyme addition showed diverse effects. Hydrolyzed lyophilized liver tissue from rats consuming Corinthian currants (3 and 10% w/w) exhibited elevated levels of isorhamnetin (20.62 ± 2.27 ng/g tissue and 33.80 ± 1.38 ng/g tissue, respectively), along with similar effects for kaempferol, quercetin, and chrysin after prolonged Corinthian currant intake. This suggests their presence as phase II metabolites in the fasting-state liver. This study is the first to explore phenolic accumulation in rat liver, simulating real conditions of dried fruit consumption, as seen herein with Corinthian currant.

Asunto(s)

Flavonoides , Frutas , Hígado , Ratas Wistar , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Vitis , Animales , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Flavonoides/química , Masculino , Ratas , Vitis/química , Vitis/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/química , Frutas/química , Frutas/metabolismo , Hidroxibenzoatos/metabolismo , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Hidroxibenzoatos/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión

RESUMEN

Although nanozymes sensor arrays have the potential to recognize multiple target substances simultaneously, they currently rarely identify phenolic acids in food due to limited catalytic performance and complex preparation conditions of nanozymes. Here, inspired by the structure of polyphenol oxidase, we have successfully prepared a novel gallic acid-Cu (GA-Cu) nanozyme with laccase-like activity. Due to the different catalytic efficiency of GA-Cu nanozymes towards six common phenolic acids, a three-channel colorimetric sensor array was constructed using reaction kinetics as the sensing unit to achieve high-throughput detection and identification of six phenolic acids within a concentration range from 1 to 100 µM. This method avoids the creation of numerous sensing units. Notably, the successful discrimination of six phenolic acids in samples of juice, beer, and wine has been achieved by the sensor array. Finally, aided by smartphones, a portable technique has been devised for the detection of phenolic acids.

Asunto(s)

Colorimetría , Ácido Gálico , Hidroxibenzoatos , Vino , Hidroxibenzoatos/química , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Colorimetría/métodos , Vino/análisis , Ácido Gálico/química , Ácido Gálico/análisis , Cerveza/análisis , Cobre/química , Cobre/análisis , Jugos de Frutas y Vegetales/análisis , Catálisis , Nanoestructuras/química , Técnicas Biosensibles/instrumentación , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Análisis de los Alimentos/instrumentación , Análisis de los Alimentos/métodos

RESUMEN

Broccoli is commonly consumed as food and as medicine. However, comprehensive metabolic profiling of two broccoli varieties, Romanesco broccoli (RB) and purple broccoli (PB), in relation to their anticholinergic activity has not been fully disclosed. A total of 110 compounds were tentatively identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS metabolomics. Distinctively different metabolomic profiles of the two varieties were revealed by principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, by volcano diagram analysis, it was found that PB had a significantly higher content of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and glucosinolates, indicating the different beneficial health potentials of PB that demonstrated higher antioxidant and anticholinergic activities. Moreover, Pearson's correlation analysis revealed 18 metabolites, mainly phenolic and sulfur compounds, as the main bioactive. The binding affinity of these biomarkers to the active sites of acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase enzymes was further validated using molecular docking studies. Results emphasize the broccoli significance as a functional food and nutraceutical source and highlight its beneficial effects against Alzheimer's disease.

Asunto(s)

Acetilcolinesterasa , Brassica , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa , Metabolómica , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Brassica/química , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/farmacología , Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Glucosinolatos/metabolismo , Glucosinolatos/análisis , Flavonoides/análisis , Flavonoides/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/análisis , Cromatografía Liquida , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/farmacología , Análisis de Componente Principal , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Hidroxibenzoatos/farmacología , Butirilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Simulación por Computador , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Espectrometría de Masas