RESUMEN
Utilizing molecular dynamics and free energy perturbation, we examine the relative binding affinity of several covalent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon - DNA (PAH-DNA) adducts at the central adenine of NRAS codon-61, a mutational hotspot implicated in cancer risk. Several PAHs classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as probable, possible, or unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity are found to have greater binding affinity than the known carcinogen, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). van der Waals interactions between the intercalated PAH and neighboring nucleobases, and minimal disruption of the DNA duplex drive increases in binding affinity. PAH-DNA adducts may be repaired by global genomic nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER), hence we also compute relative free energies of complexation of PAH-DNA adducts with RAD4-RAD23 (the yeast ortholog of human XPC-RAD23) which constitutes the recognition step in GG-NER. PAH-DNA adducts exhibiting the greatest DNA binding affinity also exhibit the least RAD4-RAD23 complexation affinity and are thus predicted to resist the GG-NER machinery, contributing to their genotoxic potential. In particular, the fjord region PAHs dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, benzo[g]chrysene, and benzo[c]phenanthrene are found to have greater binding affinity while having weaker RAD4-RAD23 complexation affinity than their respective bay region analogs B[a]P, chrysene, and phenanthrene. We also find that the bay region PAHs dibenzo[a,j]anthracene, dibenzo[a,c]anthracene, and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene exhibit greater binding affinity and weaker RAD4-RAD23 complexation affinity than B[a]P. Thus, the study of PAH genotoxicity likely needs to be substantially broadened, with implications for public policy and the health sciences. This approach can be broadly applied to assess factors contributing to the genotoxicity of other unclassified compounds.
Asunto(s)
Aductos de ADN , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/química , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/metabolismo , Aductos de ADN/química , Aductos de ADN/metabolismo , Aductos de ADN/genética , Humanos , Reparación del ADN , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Mutágenos/química , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/química , Termodinámica , Benzo(a)pireno/toxicidad , Benzo(a)pireno/química , Benzo(a)pireno/metabolismo , ADN/química , ADN/metabolismo , Benzopirenos/toxicidad , Benzopirenos/química , Benzopirenos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/químicaRESUMEN
The coastal areas of Montevideo-Canelones, Uruguay, are strongly affected by anthropogenic activities. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of especial ecological concern due to their acute toxicity. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between different pollution levels and the ecological structure of macrobenthic communities of the subtidal coastal zone and to assess the ecological risk of the 16 PAHs identified by US EPA for these communities. Communities in Montevideo Bay are under the influence of combined effects of natural oscillations and anthropic pollution, while the adjacent coastal areas communities are strongly influenced by El Niño Southern Oscillation. Toxicity assessments classified two sites in Montevideo Bay as medium to low risk. This study allowed recognizing the complex nature of the responses of benthic organisms to multiple stressors and the importance of considering different approaches.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente , Estuarios , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análisis , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Animales , Petróleo/toxicidad , Uruguay , Organismos Acuáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminación por Petróleo , Invertebrados/efectos de los fármacos , América del SurRESUMEN
Airborne particulate matter (PM) contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as primary toxic components, causing oxidative damage and being associated with various inflammatory skin pathologies such as premature aging, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Coffee cherry pulp (CCS) extract, rich in chlorogenic acid, caffeine, and theophylline, has demonstrated strong antioxidant properties. However, its specific anti-inflammatory effects and ability to protect macrophages against PAH-induced inflammation remain unexplored. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of CCS extract on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells exposed to atmospheric PAHs, compared to chlorogenic acid (CGA), caffeine (CAF), and theophylline (THP) standards. The CCS extract was assessed for its impact on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Results showed that CCS extract exhibited significant antioxidant activities and effectively inhibited protease and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities. The PAH induced the increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species, NO, TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2, which were markedly suppressed by CCS extract in a dose-dependent manner, comparable to the effects of chlorogenic acid, caffeine, and theophylline. In conclusion, CCS extract inhibits PAH-induced inflammation by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in RAW 264.7 cells. This effect is likely due to the synergistic effects of its bioactive compounds. Chlorogenic acid showed strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, while caffeine and theophylline enhanced anti-inflammatory activity. CCS extract did not irritate the hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane. Therefore, CCS extract shows its potential as a promising cosmeceutical ingredient for safely alleviating inflammatory skin diseases caused by air pollution.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios , Estrés Oxidativo , Extractos Vegetales , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Animales , Ratones , Células RAW 264.7 , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversos , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Ácido Clorogénico/farmacología , Administración Tópica , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Coffea/química , Cafeína/farmacología , Material Particulado/toxicidadRESUMEN
In recent decades, there has been a consistent decline in semen quality across the globe, with environmental pollution emerging as the predominant factor. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have garnered considerable attention due to their potent biological toxicity and resistance to natural degradation. Within this class of pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) have been identified as detrimental agents that can disrupt cellular physiological functions by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). However, the precise role of AhR in the adverse effects of environmental pollutants on male mammalian fertility remains incompletely understood. This article provides a comprehensive review of the impact of various environmental pollutants, specifically PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene, and 7,12-dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene, HAHs including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and the pollutant complex PM2.5, as well as cigarette smoke condensates, on male mammalian reproductive function. Additionally, this review focuses on the role of the AhR in mediating these effects. The objective of this review is to elucidate the involvement of AhR in the regulation of male mammalian fertility, thereby offering insights for prospective investigations into the interplay between AhR and male reproductive function, as well as the etiology of idiopathic male infertility in clinic.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ambientales , Infertilidad Masculina , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Receptores de Hidrocarburo de Aril , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Contaminantes Ambientales/toxicidad , Contaminantes Ambientales/efectos adversos , Fertilidad/efectos de los fármacos , Éteres Difenilos Halogenados/efectos adversos , Éteres Difenilos Halogenados/toxicidad , Infertilidad Masculina/inducido químicamente , Infertilidad Masculina/etiología , Infertilidad Masculina/metabolismo , Contaminantes Orgánicos Persistentes/efectos adversos , Contaminantes Orgánicos Persistentes/metabolismo , Bifenilos Policlorados/efectos adversos , Bifenilos Policlorados/toxicidad , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/efectos adversos , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Receptores de Hidrocarburo de Aril/metabolismoRESUMEN
Maternal offloading of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) poses a significant exposure route for developing embryos, with implications for subsequent generations. Despite known developmental effects regarding fish physiology and behavior, maternal PAH transfer assessments in elasmobranchii are still lacking. This study investigated PAH contamination and maternal transfer in one female Lesser Numbfish (Narcine brasiliensis) electric ray and seven embryos for the first time. Naphthalene was identified as the predominant low molecular weight PAH, and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene was the most abundant high molecular weight compound. Most embryos exhibited some level of PAH exposure, with varying accumulation patterns potentially influenced by size, developmental stage, and yolk absorption rates. Further investigation is warranted to understand the impacts of PAH maternal offloading on elasmobranchii uterine contents and embryos.
Asunto(s)
Embrión no Mamífero , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Animales , Femenino , Brasil , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Estuarios , Rajidae , ElasmobranquiosRESUMEN
In Ulaanbaatar roughly 60â¯% of the population live in traditional Mongolian yurts in the so-called Ger districts of the city. Winter indoor air quality is a serious concern in these districts as about 98â¯% of households consume solid fossil fuel (mainly coal). In our study, indoor air quality was assessed based on PAHs analysis and ecotoxicity testing of 24-hour samples collected in 4 yurts. Three of the selected yurts were equipped with conventional while the fourth one with improved stoves. Analysis of PAHs profiles showed the prevalence of higher molecular weight PAHs in all yurts. Concentrations of the 5-ring benzo(b)fluoranthene and 6-ring benzo(g.h.i)perylene were extremely high in one yurt using conventional stove, 8430⯵gâ¯g-1 and 6320⯵gâ¯g-1, respectively. Ecotoxicity of the samples was assessed using the kinetic version of the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition bioassay. In concordance with PAHs concentrations, ecotoxicity was also the highest in that yurt.
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Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Contaminación del Aire Interior , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Estaciones del Año , Contaminación del Aire Interior/análisis , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análisis , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Mongolia , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Aliivibrio fischeri/efectos de los fármacos , Culinaria , Madera , HumanosRESUMEN
Surface sediments collected in 2021 from six locations in the southern Baltic Sea (Polish district) were examined by chemical and toxicological methods. Chemical analyses included polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and their alkylated derivatives, butyltin compounds and 16 major and trace elements. The toxicity was measured using Ostracodtoxkit F and Microtox. The ecological risk of sediment was estimated by hazard quotient (HQ) calculation. Some PAHs, alkylated PAHs and metals (Zn, Hg, Cd and As) could pose a moderate risk in the sediments from the Gdansk Deep and in the vicinity of the wrecks, but the risk resulting from the presence of all analyzed compounds was considered high for these sediments. In studies using biotests, sediments from the vicinity of the t/s Franken wreck and the Slupsk Furrow were highly toxic to test organisms. Ostracodtoxkit F, compared to Microtox, appeared a more sensitive test for measured compounds.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente , Sedimentos Geológicos , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Sedimentos Geológicos/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Medición de Riesgo , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análisis , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Pruebas de Toxicidad , Éteres Difenilos Halogenados/análisis , Éteres Difenilos Halogenados/toxicidad , Bioensayo , Polonia , Animales , Océanos y MaresRESUMEN
Increasing global demands for oils are fueling the production of diluted bitumen (DB) from Canada's oil sands region. More weathered than conventional crude (CC) oils, Alberta bitumen is often diluted with lighter petroleum oils to reduce density and viscosity to meet pipeline specifications for transportation. Being a heavy oil product that is transported in large volumes across Canada and the USA, there has been interest to compare its behavior and toxicity characteristics when spilled to those of CC. To determine the influence of environmental weathering upon DB following a freshwater spill, we conducted separate controlled spills of Cold Lake Blend DB and Mixed Sweet Blend light CC oil in a mesocosm spill-tank system at 24 °C with wave-action for 56 days. DB-contaminated waters remained acutely lethal for a period of 14 days to early life stage fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed during embryologic development, while CC was lethal for 1 day. However, concentrations of mono- and polycyclic aromatic compounds, often claimed to be principally responsible for the acute and chronic toxicity of crude oils, were consistently higher in CC water compared to DB. Elevated aromatic concentrations in CC water correlated with higher prevalences of developmental malformations, reduced heart and growth rates, and impacts on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway. Organic acids were measured over the course of the studies and O2 containing naphthenic acids were present at greater relative abundances in DB- compared to CC-contaminated water, with their attenuation correlating with reduced acute and sublethal toxicity. Furthermore, organic acid degradation products accumulated with time and likely contributed to the consistently sublethal toxicity of the weathered oils throughout the experiment. Improved characterization of the fractions including organic acids and those organic compounds found within the unresolved complex mixture of fresh and weathered crude oils is necessary to adequately understand and prepare for the risks that accidental petroleum spills pose to aquatic resources.
Asunto(s)
Agua Dulce , Hidrocarburos , Petróleo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Hidrocarburos/toxicidad , Hidrocarburos/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Animales , Agua Dulce/química , Petróleo/toxicidad , Contaminación por Petróleo/análisis , Alberta , Cyprinidae , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análisis , Tiempo (Meteorología) , CanadáRESUMEN
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are characterized with high KOW values, which lead to their recalcitrant nature, bioaccumulation, and biotoxicity, adversely affects the environment. Passive samplers (PS) have proven effective in measuring bioavailable PAH concentrations for toxicity assessments. In this study, we used low-density polyethylene (LDPE) to measure freely dissolved PAH concentrations (Cfree) in Kentucky Lake (KL) and Ohio River (OH), USA. PAHs toxicity potential in sediment was assessed using equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmarks toxic units (ESBTUs) and the interstitial water toxic units (IWTUs) that were derived from OC-normalized concentration (COC) and Cfree, respectively. The Cfree in April and June were 127 and 97 times higher in OH than in KL, respectively. Moreover, ESBTUs were higher in both the KL and OH compared to the IWTUs, suggesting that ESBTUs overestimate the toxicity potential to organisms. These results indicate that PS provides a reliable method for assessing the toxicity potential in sediments.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente , Sedimentos Geológicos , Lagos , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Ríos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análisis , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Lagos/química , Ríos/química , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Kentucky , OhioRESUMEN
The presence of tyre and road wear particles (TRWP) in the environment is an underestimated threat due to their potential impact on ecosystems and human health. However, their mode of action and potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems remain largely unknown. In the present study, we adopted a sediment exposure scenario to investigate the influence of sediment coming from an urban runoff sedimentation basin on the life cycle of Chironomus riparius. Targeted broad-spectrum chemical analysis helped to characterise the urban sediments and confirmed the significant contribution of contaminants from traffic (e.g. tyre wear contribution, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons [PAHs], metals, tyre rubber additives). First-stage chironomid larvae were subjected to increasing concentrations of urban whole sediment. The results showed that exposure to this urban sediment influenced all measured endpoints. In vivo quantification of ROS showed that larvae exposed to the lowest concentration of contaminated sediment exhibited increased fluorescence. The contaminated sediment conditions increased mortality by almost 30 %, but this effect was surprisingly not concentration-dependent. Fertility decreased significantly and concentration-dependently. The results of the Mean Emergence Time (EmT50) and larval size showed an optimality curve. Furthermore, as a consequence of the effects on fitness, the Population Growth Rate (PGR) exhibited a significant decrease, which was concentration-dependent. Therefore, after a single generation, PGR calculation can be adopted as a sensitive tool to monitor pollution caused by complex matrices, i.e. composed of several contaminants. Our research highlights the importance of effective management of road runoff and underlines the need for further investigation to better understand the toxicity of TRWPs.
Asunto(s)
Chironomidae , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Sedimentos Geológicos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Animales , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Chironomidae/efectos de los fármacos , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análisis , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Organismos Acuáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Ecotoxicología , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , CiudadesRESUMEN
Mitigating the negative impacts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is an urgent need due to their toxicity and persistence in the environment. This study investigated the use of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ASU-B6 to detoxify pyrene (PY). The bacterium P. aeruginosa ASU-B6 is capable of degrading PY by 92% as a sole carbon source after 15 days of incubation with phthalate being the major metabolic product. In this regard, the impact of pyrene (PY), P. aeruginosa ASU-B6 (ASU-B6), the bacterial strain combined with pyrene (ASU-B6/PY) and the metabolites produced after pyrene degradation (PY-metabolites) on the germination and physiological attributes of Hordeum vulgare and Vicia faba seedlings were studied. A single application of PY or ASU-B6 showed a toxic effect on the germination of both tested seeds. Interestingly, broad bean seedlings exhibited less sensitivity to PY stress in terms of growth and metabolism compared to barley. Notably, ASU-B6 inhibited fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots of barley and, to a lesser extent, reduced the germination of broad beans compared to the control. However, the combined PY-metabolites and ASU-B6/PY showed a mutual ameliorative effect on seedlings growth, alleviating the phytotoxic impact of each component. Pyrene reduced the virulence of ASU-B6 by inhibiting the production of pyocyanin pigment, while bacteria ameliorated pyrene toxicity through its degradation. Heatmap and principal component analyses highlighted that increasing the contents of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and lipid peroxidation positively correlated to the toxicity of PY or ASU-B6. However, improving the antioxidant system which buffers the oxidative stress induced by different combinations of PY and ASU-B6 enhanced the growth of germinated seedlings corresponding to PY or ASU-B6. This study reflected the role of ASU-B6 in ameliorating PY-phytotoxicity. In addition, the application of ASU-B6 strain is recommended as a prospective candidate for remediation of PAHs-contaminated environment with a positive impact on the plant growth and metabolic products.
Asunto(s)
Germinación , Hordeum , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Pirenos , Vicia faba , Hordeum/efectos de los fármacos , Hordeum/microbiología , Hordeum/metabolismo , Hordeum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Vicia faba/efectos de los fármacos , Vicia faba/microbiología , Vicia faba/metabolismo , Vicia faba/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pirenos/toxicidad , Pirenos/metabolismo , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolismo , Germinación/efectos de los fármacos , Plantones/efectos de los fármacos , Plantones/microbiología , Plantones/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantones/metabolismo , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/metabolismo , Biodegradación AmbientalRESUMEN
Toxicity of water accommodated fractions (WAF) from the oil spilled on the Brazilian coast at different stages of weathering were investigated using Danio rerio. Weathering stages included emulsified oil that reached the coast (OM) and oil collected 50 days later deposited on beach sand (OS) or adhered to shore rocks (OR). Parent and alkylated naphthalenes decreased whereas phenanthrenes increased from less weathered WAF-OM to more weathered WAF-OS and WAF-OR. More weathered WAF-OS and WAF-OR were more potent inducers of zebrafish developmental delay, suggesting that parent and alkylated phenanthrenes are involved. However, less weathered WAF-OM was a more potent inducer of failure in swim-bladder inflation than more weathered WAF-OS and WAF-OR, suggesting that parent and alkylated naphthalenes are involved. Decreases in heart rates and increased heart and skeletal deformities were observed in exposed larvae. Lowest observed effect concentrations for different developmental toxicity endpoints are within environmentally relevant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación por Petróleo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Pez Cebra , Animales , Brasil , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fenantrenos/toxicidad , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Naftalenos/toxicidad , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Petróleo/toxicidadRESUMEN
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants generally found in complex mixtures. PAHs are known to cause pleiotropic effects on living organisms, including developmental defects, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and immunotoxicity, and endocrine disruptions. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of oils in two life stages of the Japanese medaka, larvae and juveniles. The deleterious effects of an acute exposure of 48 h to two WAFs from Arabian light crude oil (LO) and refined oil from Erika (HO) were analyzed in both stages. Relevant endpoints, including ethoxy resorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, DNA damage (Comet assay), photomotor response, and sensitivity to nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection, were investigated. Larvae exposed to both oil WAFs displayed a significant induction of EROD activity, DNA damage, and developmental anomalies, but no behavioral changes. Deleterious effects were significantly increased following exposure to 1 and 10 µg/L of LO WAFs and 10 µg/L of HO WAFs. Larval infection to NNV induced fish mortality and sharply reduced reaction to light stimulation. Co-exposure to WAFs and NNV increased the mortality rate, suggesting an impact of WAFs on fish defense capacities. WAF toxicity on juveniles was only observed following the NNV challenge, with a higher sensitivity to HO WAFs than to LO WAFs. This study highlighted that environmentally realistic exposure to oil WAFs containing different compositions and concentrations of oil generated high adverse effects, especially in the larval stage. This kind of multi-marker approach is particularly relevant to characterize the toxicity fingerprint of environmental mixtures of hydrocarbons and PAHs.
Asunto(s)
Oryzias , Petróleo , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Animales , Petróleo/toxicidad , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Desarrollo Embrionario/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Inmunológico/efectos de los fármacos , Daño del ADN , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , ADNRESUMEN
Psoriasis is considered to be multifactorial, with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to its development. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread in the environment, originating from sources such as cigarette smoke, exhaust emissions, grilled foods, smoked foods and urban air. Researchs have established a link between PAHs exposure and autoimmune disorders; however, specific effects of PAHs on psoriasis remain underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between PAHs exposure and susceptibility to psoriasis. We analysed eight monohydroxy PAHs (1-Hydroxynaphthalene (1-NAP), 2-Hydroxynaphthalene (2-NAP), 3-Hydroxyfluorene (3-FLU), 2-Hydroxyfluorene (2-FLU), 1-Hydroxyphenanthrene (1-PHE), 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-PYR), 2-Hydroxyphenanthrene (2-PHE) and 3-Hydroxyphenanthrene (3-PHE)) in 5996 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We employed multivariate logistic regression, trend analysis, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis to investigate the relationship between PAHs exposure and psoriasis risk. Multivariate logistic regression and trend analysis revealed that monohydroxy PAHs, including 2-NAP, 3-FLU, 2-FLU and the mixture of 2-PHE and 3-PHE, are associated with an increased risk of psoriasis. Additionally, WQS regression showed a significant positive correlation between combined exposure to monohydroxy PAHs and psoriasis risk, with the mixture of 2-PHE and 3-PHE (47.3%) being the most influential factor. RCS regression further corroborated these findings. Specifically, 2-FLU can increase the expression of psoriasis-related inflammatory factors in HaCaT cells. In conclusion, PAHs exposure increases the risk of developing psoriasis. Efforts to reduce PAHs levels in the environment and minimise exposure are crucial for public health strategies aimed at preventing psoriasis.
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Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Psoriasis , Humanos , Psoriasis/inducido químicamente , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/efectos adversos , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Encuestas Nutricionales , Factores de Riesgo , Modelos LogísticosRESUMEN
In 2019, there was an environmental catastrophe in Brazil, when more than 5000 tons of unknown origin crude oil invaded beaches and mangroves. Two years later, two monitoring areas were selected to study seahorses' offspring: Massangana River estuary (apparently healthy area) and Cocaia Island (affected area). Thirty-six reproductive events of Hippocampus reidi (Syngnathidae) couples from these two areas were monitored to analyze the offspring. At the apparently healthy area, no newborns with malformations were found. However, the offspring from Cocaia Island showed a mean of 19.73% (±5.23) malformations in newborns. It is argued that the toxic/teratogenic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have affected the population in two ways: directly through the induction of mutations in the germ cells of the species and through a drastic reduction of the population (bottleneck effect) whose density observed today recovered through consanguineous couplings, potentiating deleterious genotypes in the offspring. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1996-2004. © 2024 SETAC.
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Contaminación por Petróleo , Smegmamorpha , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Animales , Brasil , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Masculino , Femenino , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Monitoreo del AmbienteRESUMEN
Associations between indoor air pollution from fine particulate matter (PM with aerodynamic diameter dp < 2.5 µm) and human health are poorly understood. Here, we analyse the concentration-response curves for fine and ultrafine PM, the gene expression, and the methylation patterns in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) exposed at the air-liquid interface (ALI) within a classroom in downtown Rome. Our results document the upregulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1) in response to single exposure of cells to fresh urban aerosols at low fine PM mass concentrations within the classroom. This is evidenced by concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFPs, dp < 0.1 µm), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and ratios of black carbon (BC) to organic aerosol (OA). Additionally, an interleukin 18 (IL-18) down-regulation was found during periods of high human occupancy. Despite the observed gene expression dysregulation, no changes were detected in the methylation levels of the promoter regions of these genes, indicating that the altered gene expression is not linked to changes in DNA methylation and suggesting the involvement of another epigenetic mechanism in the gene regulation. Gene expression changes at low exposure doses have been previously reported. Here, we add the possibility that lung epithelial cells, when singly exposed to real environmental concentrations of fine PM that translate into ultra-low doses of treatment, may undergo epigenetic alteration in the expression of genes related to xenobiotic metabolism. Our findings provide a perspective for future indoor air quality regulations. We underscore the potential role of indoor UFPs as carriers of toxic molecules with low-pressure weather conditions, when rainfall and strong winds may favour low levels of fine PM.
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Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Contaminación del Aire Interior , Bronquios , Metilación de ADN , Células Epiteliales , Material Particulado , Humanos , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Bronquios/citología , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/genética , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/metabolismo , Receptores de Hidrocarburo de Aril/metabolismo , Receptores de Hidrocarburo de Aril/genética , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Citocromo P-450 CYP1B1/genética , Línea CelularRESUMEN
The exploration of sediment pollution caused by PAHs and its impact on microbial communities can provide valuable insights for the remediation of sediments. The spatial distribution of PAHs and their impact on the microbial community within the Pearl River Estuary were investigated in this study. The findings revealed that the total concentration ranges of 16 PAHs were between 24.26 and 3075.93 ng/g, with naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene potentially exerting adverse biological effects. More PAHs were found to accumulate in subsurface sediments, and their average accumulation rates gradually decreased as the number of rings in PAHs increased, ranging from 180 % for 2-ring to 36 % for 6-ring. The phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi were found to dominate both surface and subsurface sediments The correlation between microbial genera and PAHs contents was weak in sediments with low levels of PAHs contamination, while a more significant positive relationship was observed in sediments with high levels of PAHs contamination. The physicochemical properties of sediments, such as pH, soil structure and Cu significantly influence bacterial community composition in highly contaminated sediments. Additionally, the network analysis revealed that certain bacterial genera, including Novosphingobium, Robiginitalea and Synechococcus_CC9902, played a pivotal role in the degradation of PAHs. These findings are significant in comprehending the correlation between bacterial communities and environmental factors in intertidal ecosystems, and establish a scientific foundation for bioremediation of intertidal zones.
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Bacterias , Estuarios , Sedimentos Geológicos , Microbiota , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Ríos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análisis , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiología , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , China , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Ríos/química , Ríos/microbiología , Microbiota/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Monitoreo del AmbienteRESUMEN
Arsenic (As) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are highly toxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic, and are commonly found in soils of industrial sites such as coking plants. They exert environmental stresses on soil microorganisms, but their compounding effects have not been systematically studied. Exploring the effects of compound contamination on microbial communities, species and genes is important for revealing the ecological damage caused by compound contamination and offering scientific insights into soil remediation strategies. In this study, we selected soil samples from 0 to 100 cm depth of a coking site with As, PAHs and compound contamination. We investigated the compound effects of As and PAHs on microbial communities by combining high-throughput sequencing, metagenomic sequencing and genome assembly. Compared with single contamination, compound contamination reduced the microbial community diversity by 10.68%-12.07% and reduced the community richness by 8.39%-18.61%. The compound contamination decreased 32.41%-46.02% of microbial PAHs metabolic gene abundance, 11.36%-19.25% of cell membrane transport gene abundance and 12.62%-57.77% of cell motility gene abundance. Xanthobacteraceae, the biomarker for compound contaminated soils, harbors arsenic reduction genes and PAHs degradation pathways of naphthalene, benzo [a]pyrene, fluorene, anthracene, and phenanthrene. Its broad metabolic capabilities, encompassing sulfur metabolism and quorum sensing, facilitate the acquisition of energy and nutrients, thereby conferring ecological niche advantages in compound contaminated environments. This study underscores the significant impacts of As and PAHs on the composition and function of microbial communities, thereby enriching our understanding of their combined effects and providing insights for the remediation of compound contaminated sites.
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Arsénico , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Microbiología del Suelo , Contaminantes del Suelo , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Arsénico/toxicidad , Contaminantes del Suelo/toxicidad , Coque , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/genética , Suelo/química , Microbiota/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Naphthalene (NAP) was frequently detected in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-contaminated soil, and its residues may pose an eco-toxicological threat to soil organisms. The toxic effects of NAP were closely tied to phenolic and quinone metabolites in biological metabolism. However, the present knowledge concerning the eco-toxicological impacts of NAP metabolites at the animal level is scanty. Here, we assessed the differences in the eco-toxicological responses of Eisenia fetida (E. fetida) in NAP, 1-naphthol (1-NAO) or 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) contaminated soils. NAP, 1-NAO, and 1,4-NQ exposure triggered the onset of oxidative stress as evidenced by the destruction of the antioxidant enzyme system. The lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidative damage levels induced by 1-NAO and 1,4-NQ were higher than those of NAP. The elevation of DNA damage varied considerably depending on differences in oxidative stress and the direct mode of action of NAP or its metabolites with DNA. All three toxicants induced different degrees of physiological damage to the body wall, but only 1, 4-NQ caused the shedding of intestinal epithelial cells. The integrated biomarker response for different exposure times illustrated that the comprehensive toxicity at the animal level was 1,4-NQ > 1-NAO > NAP, and the time-dependent trends of oxidative stress responses induced by the three toxicants were similar. At the initial stage, the antioxidant system of E. fetida responded positively to the provocation, but the ability of E. fetida to resist stimulation decreased with the prolongation of time resulting in provocation oxidative damage. This study would provide new insights into the toxicological effects and biohazard of PAHs on soil animals.
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Naftalenos , Oligoquetos , Estrés Oxidativo , Contaminantes del Suelo , Animales , Oligoquetos/efectos de los fármacos , Oligoquetos/metabolismo , Contaminantes del Suelo/toxicidad , Naftalenos/toxicidad , Suelo/química , Daño del ADN , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC) is the most frequent histologic form of bladder cancer, constituting 90% of the cases. It is important to know the risk factors of UBC to avoid them and to decrease its recurrence after treatment. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the risk factors associated with UBC incidence. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search from 2012 to 2024 was carried out in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline with potential keywords such as "bladder cancer", "urothelial bladder cancer", "incidence of urothelial bladder cancer worldwide", "mortality rate of bladder cancer", "incidence according to gender", "treatment for bladder cancer", and "risk factors of bladder cancer". Smoking tobacco was comprehended to be the major risk factor for UBC. Smoke from tobacco products contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aromatic amines such as 4-aminobiphenyl, which are known to cause UBC. Smoking-related bladder cancer mortality ranks just second to smoking-related lung cancer mortality. For non-smokers, pollution became a major risk factor associated with UBC. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are linked to many cancers, especially to UBC. Indoor and outdoor pollution generates VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and PAHs. Small-particle matter < 2.5 is linked to UBC and lung cancers. Drinking chlorinated water is linked to UBC. Also, swimming in chlorinated pools that produce trihalomethanes increases the risk of many cancers, and especially of bladder cancer. Occupational exposure to carcinogens, specifically aromatic amines, is a significant UBC risk factor. It has been estimated that approximately 20% of all UBCs may be linked to this type of exposure, primarily in industrial settings that treat dye, paint, petroleum chemicals, and metal. The other risk factors included genetics, diet, and medical conditions. Alcohol, consumption of processed meat and whole milk, and higher intakes of selenium and vitamins A and E also contribute to the development of UBC. Further, chemotherapeutic agents, oral hypoglycemic drugs, and radiation therapy are positively associated with UBC. CONCLUSIONS: The significance of the initial prevention of UBC must be emphasized, and especially programs for quitting cigarettes should be encouraged and supported. However, smoking is not the only risk factor for UBC. For non-smokers, other risk factors should be investigated. Air and water pollution are linked to UBC. Indoor and outdoor pollution should be more controlled. Patients and people should be informed of the risk of drinking chlorinated water and swimming in chlorinated pools.