RESUMEN
PROBLEM: A wide variety of mediators are involved in inflammatory processes. However, the identity of those participating in vaginal immune responses has not been established. We correlated extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), hyaluronan (HA), hyaluronidase-1 (Hyal-1), human ß-defensin-2 (hBD2), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentrations with the extent of leukocyte infiltration into the vagina and suggest their participation in vaginal inflammation. METHODS OF STUDY: Vaginal fluid was obtained from 233 women seen at the outpatient clinic in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Campinas University, Brazil. The magnitude of vaginal inflammation was determined by the leukocyte count on vaginal smears and categorized as no inflammation (0 leukocytes/field), moderate inflammation (1-4 leukocytes/field), and intense inflammation (>4 leukocytes/field). Concentrations of EMMPRIN, MMP-8, HA, Hyal-1, hBD2, and NGAL were determined in vaginal fluid by ELISA. RESULTS: EMMPRIN, MMP-8, HA, hBD2, and NGAL concentration increased with elevated leukocyte numbers (P < 0.05), while Hyal-1 did not. EMMPRIN concentrations were correlated with HA and MMP-8 levels. CONCLUSION: EMMPRIN, MMP-8, HA, ß-defensin, and NGAL are elevated in women with vaginal inflammation.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Fase Aguda/inmunología , Basigina/inmunología , Ácido Hialurónico/inmunología , Lipocalinas/inmunología , Metaloproteinasa 8 de la Matriz/inmunología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/inmunología , Vaginitis/inmunología , beta-Defensinas/inmunología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Hialuronoglucosaminidasa/inmunología , Leucocitos/inmunología , Lipocalina 2 , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
To date, there are no allergenic extracts or components available in Brazil to diagnosis and treatment of patients with venom allergy from social wasp (Vespidae Family; Polistinae Subfamily) despite of the great number of existing species. We evaluated the immunogenic potential of the Hyal recombinant protein (Pp-Hyal-rec) which was expressed in an insoluble form in comparison with the allergenic native protein (Pp-Hyal-nat) for recognition of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the serum of allergic patients to venom of the endemic social wasp Polybia paulista from São Paulo State, Brazil. Hyal cDNA from the venom of the social wasp P. paulista (Pp-Hyal) (GI: 302201582) was cloned into the expression vector pET-28a in Escherichia coli DE3 (BL21) cells. Solubilization and purification of Pp-Hyal-rec from inclusion bodies were performed using Ni(2+) affinity chromatography (Ni-NTA-Agarose) under denaturing conditions. Both the native (Pp-Hyal-nat) and the recombinant (Pp-Hyal-rec) purified allergens were used for Western blotting to assess the levels of Pp-Hyal-IgE specific in the serum of 10 patients exclusively reactive to the venom of the social wasp P. paulista. The immune sera specifically recognized the band corresponding to the Pp-Hyal-rec protein (40 kDa) at a higher intensity than the native allergen (39 kDa). The sera recognized other proteins in P. paulista crude venom extract to a lesser extent, likely corresponding to other venom allergens such as phospholipase (34 kDa), Antigen 5 (25 kDa), and proteases. The recognition pattern of the immune sera to the Pp-Hyal-rec allergen strongly suggests that this recombinant antigen could be used for developing a diagnostic allergy test as well as for specific immunotherapy (IT).
Asunto(s)
Alérgenos/genética , Alérgenos/inmunología , Hialuronoglucosaminidasa/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Venenos de Avispas/enzimología , Venenos de Avispas/inmunología , Avispas/inmunología , Animales , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Clonación Molecular , Reacciones Cruzadas , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Cuerpos de Inclusión/inmunología , Proteínas Recombinantes/biosíntesis , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Venenos de Avispas/genéticaRESUMEN
Streptococcus pyogenes es una bacteria conocida desde hace más de un siglo por los médicos. En la última década se ha presentado con un nuevo rostro asociado a cuadros clínicos invasores con una alta mortalidad. En el presente artículo se describe al agente, se clasifican estos cuadros clínicos, se discuten su etiopatogenia, tratamiento y prevención