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En América Latina, los países en vías de desarrollo tienen una tasa de incidencia de politraumatismos dos veces mayor en comparación a países desarrollados. Objetivo: Analizar las lesiones de causa externa (LCE) en los derechohabientes del hospital de referencia nacional de seguridad social, Honduras, con el fin de orientar la formulación de políticas para la promoción, prevención e intervención oportuna. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, la población fueron pacientes diagnosticados con LCE en las emergencias del hospital. Se usó muestreo estratificado. Los criterios de inclusión fueron; derechohabientes adultos y niños diagnosticados con LCE, registro de historia clínica y de atenciones diarias. Los criterios de exclusión fueron; derechohabientes adultos y niños diagnosticados con LCE que ingresaron sin signos vitales, que no aceptaron participar en el estudio y dieron información incompleta. La información fue recolectada vía Google forms. Se aplicó consentimiento informado a los participantes. Resultados: De los derechohabientes con LCE, el 72.51% fueron hombres, la edad media fue de 36 años, 82.46% eran derechohabientes directos y 69% eran procedentes de Francisco Morazán. Según el mecanismo de LCE de acuerdo con la intencionalidad 98.8% fue no intencional y de estos 55.3% (94) fue por accidente vial. La severidad de la lesión fue moderada en 83.5%. También, el 3.5% tenían discapacidad. Discusión: Las LCE en la actualidad son un problema importante de salud pública, siendo los accidentes viales el mecanismo más importante para su desencadenamiento. La severidad de estas lesiones es moderada, ocasionando daño en diferentes partes del cuerpo...(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Mexico City implemented the Pasos Seguros programme to prevent pedestrian injuries and deaths at dangerous road intersections, which included street-level design changes, such as visible pedestrian crossings, sidewalk widening, refuge islands, lane reductions, pedestrian signals and adjustment of traffic light timing at these intersections. Few studies in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) have evaluated the effect of such interventions on pedestrian safety. AIM: Assess the effectiveness of the Pasos Seguros programme at reducing total, injury and fatal pedestrian-motor vehicle crashes. METHODS: Two-group quasi-experimental design. Monthly pedestrian crashes were obtained from the road incident database from Mexico City's Citizen Contact Center. The programme's effectiveness was evaluated by comparing 12 months preintervention to 12 months postintervention implementation using a negative binomial regression with random intercept with a difference-in-difference estimation. A qualitative comparative analysis was used to find the configuration of intersection characteristics and programme components associated with a decrease in pedestrian crashes. RESULTS: Total pedestrian crashes were reduced by 21% (RR 0.79; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.99) after implementation of Pasos Seguros programme. This reduction was observed for pedestrian injury crashes (RR 0.79; 95% CI 0.62 to 1.00) and for fatal crashes (RR 0.61; 95% CI 0.13 to 2.92) although not statistically significant for the latter. A decrease in pedestrian crashes was found at the most complex intersections where more of the programme components was implemented. CONCLUSION: The Pasos Seguros programme successfully decreased total and injury pedestrian crashes. Similar interventions may improve walking safety in other LMIC cities.

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BACKGROUND: Mexico City approved new road safety policies in 2015, which included lower speed limits and higher fines for traffic offences. In 2019, economic fines were replaced by a point penalty system among other changes. This study evaluates these policies on road traffic collisions, injuries and deaths. METHODS: Collisions data came from insurance collision claims (January 2015 to December 2019) and road traffic deaths from vital registrations (January 2013 to December 2019). We conducted an interrupted time series analysis for each outcome using negative binomial regression models with an offset of insured vehicles (collisions) or total population (deaths). Then, we classified the 16 municipalities in the city into enforcement and no-enforcement groups based on presence or absence of automated traffic enforcement devices and conducted a controlled interrupted time series analysis. RESULTS: The 2015 road safety policies had no effect on total collisions and collisions resulting in injury but were associated with a 0.2% (95% CI -0.3 to 0.0) decline in the mortality trend. The 2019 policies had no effect on total collisions but were associated with a 1.5% increase in the trend of collisions resulting in injuries and with a 2.7% (95% CI 1.0 to 4.5) increase in the mortality trend. Postpolicy trends in enforcement versus no-enforcement municipalities were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: Policies that included high economic penalties for speeding and dangerous behaviours were effective in decreasing traffic mortality while removing economic penalties and replacing them with a point penalty system were associated with an increase in collisions, resulting in injury and mortality.

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Trauma is the leading cause of death in children and adolescents less than 14 years of age worldwide. Although there have been advances regarding treatment in the last decades, it is still complex to assemble well-trained teams and proper hospitals to care for traumatized children. The most effective vaccine and the less expensive tool to deal with such a burden is prevention. The aim of the Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Criança Segura - Safe Kids Brazil is to work with child and adolescent trauma prevention through three pillars: mobilization, communication, and public policy. Nationwide actions, campaigns, education material, events, research, and proposing laws resulted in a 53% decrease of trauma deaths in Brazil in a 20-year period. The strategy contributes to build the culture of prevention in Brazil with the involvement of every sector of society. Childhood trauma prevention is effective in decreasing trauma deaths. Criança Segura is now part of Children's Villages, an international organization that will be able to multiply the model through different countries. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Review article.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between noninvasive ventilation delivery devices and the incidence of nasal septum injury in preterm infants. METHODS: This retrospective singlecenter cohort study included preterm infants supported by noninvasive ventilation. The incidence of nasal injury was compared among three groups according to the noninvasive ventilation delivery device (G1 - nasal mask; G2 - binasal prongs; and G3, rotation of nasal mask with prongs). Nasal injury was classified according to the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel as stages 1 - 4. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to estimate relative risks to identify possible predictors associated with medical device-related injuries. RESULTS: Among the 300 infants included in the study, the incidence of medical device-related injuries in the rotating group was significantly lower than that in the continuous mask or prong groups (n = 68; 40.48%; p value < 0.01).The basal prong group presented more stage 2 injuries (n = 15; 55.56%; p < 0.01). Staying ≥ 7 days in noninvasive ventilation was associated with a higher frequency of medical device-related injuries, regardless of device (63.81%; p < 0.01). Daily increments in noninvasive ventilation increased the risk for nasal injury by 4% (95%CI 1.02 - 1.06; p < 0.01). Higher birth weight indicated protection against medical device-related injuries. Each gained gram represented a decrease of 1% in the risk of developing nasal septum injury (RR: 0.99; 95%CI 0.99 - 0.99; p < 0.04). CONCLUSION: Rotating nasal masks with nasal prongs reduces the incidence of moderate to severe nasal injury in comparison with single devices. The addition of days using noninvasive ventilation seems to contribute to medical device-related injuries, and higher birth weight is a protective factor.

OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre dispositivos de ventilação não invasiva e incidência de lesão do septo nasal em recém-nascidos pré-termo. MÉTODOS: Este estudo de coorte retrospectivo e unicêntrico incluiu prematuros em uso de ventilação não invasiva. A incidência de lesão nasal foi comparada entre três grupos, de acordo com o dispositivo de ventilação não invasiva (G1 para máscara nasal; G2 para prongas binasais e G3 para alternância entre máscaras e prongas nasais). As lesões nasais foram classificadas de acordo com o National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel como estágios 1 - 4. Foram realizadas análises de regressão multivariada para estimar os riscos relativos, a fim de identificar possíveis preditores associados a lesões relacionadas a dispositivos médicos. RESULTADOS: Entre os 300 lactentes incluídos no estudo, a incidência de lesões relacionadas a dispositivos médicos no grupo em uso alternado foi significativamente menor do que a nos grupos de máscara ou prongas de uso contínuo (n = 68; 40,48%; valor de p < 0,01).O grupo de prongas nasais apresentou mais lesões de estágio 2 (n = 15; 55,56%; p < 0,01). A permanência ≥ 7 dias em ventilação não invasiva foi associada a maior incidência de lesões relacionadas a dispositivos médicos, independentemente do dispositivo (63,81%; p < 0,01). Os incrementos diários na ventilação não invasiva aumentaram o risco de lesões nasais em 4% (IC95% 1,02 - 1,06; p < 0,01). Um maior peso ao nascer indicou proteção contra lesões relacionadas a dispositivos médicos. Cada grama extra representou diminuição de 1% no risco de desenvolver lesão do septo nasal (RR: 0,99; IC95% 0,99 - 0,99; p < 0,04). CONCLUSÃO: A alternância entre máscaras e prongas nasais reduz a incidência de lesão nasal moderada a grave em comparação com dispositivos únicos. O incremento de dias em uso de ventilação não invasiva parece contribuir para lesões relacionadas a dispositivos médicos, e um maior peso ao nascer é um fator de proteção.

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Urban governance implies that state authorities and other actors (including private and social sectors) work together with authentic community participation as needed to meet the challenges to achieve urban health. In this context, addressing the problem of injury is critical. In urban space, injuries can occur for various external causes (falls, burns, even interpersonal violence, etc). This paper includes a discussion and analysis of governance mechanisms on urban areas, in terms of the implementation of the safe system approach which has been proposed as the best preventive strategy, to assure road safety, mostly at urban spaces, for injury prevention. The existence of governance mechanisms needs to be considered as a primary issue to be included on injury research to evaluate the implementation for preventive programmes on the injury field in general, especially those occurred at urban spaces.

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Resumo Objetivo Desenvolver e analisar um aplicativo móvel para avaliação, prevenção e tratamento da lesão por pressão. Métodos Foram quatro as fases para desenvolvimento da estrutura do aplicativo denominado Lesão por Pressão-App. A primeira fase correspondeu à concepção do aplicativo e identificou a necessidade de seu desenvolvimento. A segunda fase foi a elaboração do protótipo do aplicativo, na qual seu conteúdo foi definido com base em revisão integrativa da literatura. A terceira fase foi a da construção do aplicativo, quando o fluxograma foi elaborado, o banco de dados pôde ser estruturado e o software, desenvolvido. Na quarta fase, de transição, os testes de funcionalidade do aplicativo foram realizados. A avaliação do aplicativo foi realizada por 12 enfermeiros (juízes) por meio da técnica de Delphi e com o uso do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Resultados A maioria dos juízes considerou o aplicativo, na primeira avaliação, entre inadequado e totalmente adequado, porém, na segunda avaliação, ele foi avaliado entre adequado e totalmente adequado. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo dos tópicos avaliados variou de 0,83 a 1,0 na primeira avaliação. Após realizar as correções, o aplicativo foi reavaliado, e o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo foi 1,0, caracterizando um excelente conteúdo. Conclusão O aplicativo Lesão por Pressão-App foi validado por profissional com experiência na área, mostrando a concordância do conteúdo entre os juízes na segunda avaliação.

Resumen Objetivo Desarrollar y analizar una aplicación móvil para la evaluación, prevención y tratamiento de la lesión por presión. Métodos Hubo cuatro fases para el desarrollo de la estructura de la aplicación denominada Lesión por Presión-App. La primera fase correspondió a la concepción de la aplicación e identificó la necesidad de desarrollarla. La segunda fase fue la elaboración del prototipo de la aplicación en la que se definió el contenido con base a la revisión integradora de la literatura. La tercera fase fue la de la construcción de la aplicación, en la que se elaboró el diagrama de flujo, se pudo estructurar el banco de datos y el software, desarrollado. En la cuarta fase, de transición, se realizaron los ensayos de funcionalidad de la aplicación. La evaluación de la aplicación la realizaron 12 enfermeros (jueces) a través de la técnica de Delphi y con el uso del Índice de Validez de Contenido. Resultados La mayoría de los jueces consideró que, en la primera evaluación, la aplicación estaba entre inadecuada y totalmente adecuada. Sin embargo, en la segunda evaluación, fue evaluada entre adecuada y totalmente adecuada. El Índice de Validez de Contenido de los tópicos evaluados tuvo una variación de 0,83 a 1,0 en la primera evaluación. Después de realizar las correcciones, la aplicación pasó por nueva evaluación y el Índice de Validez de Contenido fue de 1,0, caracterizándolo como un excelente contenido. Conclusión La aplicación "Lesão por Pressão-App" (Lesión por Presión-App) fue evaluada por un profesional experimentado en el área, evidenciando la conformidad del contenido entre los jueces en la segunda evaluación.

Abstract Objective To develop and analyze a mobile app for pressure injury assessment, prevention, and treatment. Methods There were four phases to develop the structure of an application called Lesão por Pressão-App. The first phase corresponded to the application design and identified the need for its development. The second phase was developing the application prototype, in which its content was defined based on an integrative literature review. The third phase was the application construction, when the flowchart was elaborated, the database could be structured and the software developed. In the fourth phase, transition, application functionality tests were performed. The application was assessed by 12 nurses (judges) using the Delphi technique and using Content Validity Index. Results Most judges considered the application, in the first assessment, between inadequate and totally adequate; however, in the second assessment, it was assessed between adequate and totally adequate. The Content Validity Index of the topics assessed ranged from 0.83 to 1.0 in the first assessment. After making the corrections, the application was re-assessed, and Content Validity Index was 1.0, featuring excellent content. Conclusion The application Lesão por Pressão-App was validated by a professional with experience in the field, showing the agreement of content among judges in the second assessment.

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Objectives: The present study aimed to develop an application to guide healthcare professionals on using personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic and prevent and treat skin lesions caused by these devices. Methods: This is a study on technological production. The framework for application development consisted in the following phases: Phase 1-"Design: identification of application development requirements;" Phase 2-"Application prototype development": including an integrative literature review in major databases; Phase 3-"Application construction": elaboration of the decision tree, algorithm, database structuring, and software development; Phase 4-"Transition": application functionality test. Result: Our application Simplifica EPI is an innovative technology; this software is a tool to assist healthcare professionals in using PPE. In addition, it describes how to prevent and care for skin lesions caused by PPE. Simplifica EPI has 25 screens and 32 images. It will be available on the Google Play Store after its registration with the Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property. Conclusions: After an integrative literature review, the application Simplifica EPI was developed as an innovative technology with great potential for use by healthcare professionals. (AU)

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The skin is the largest organ in the human body, and due to its barrier function, it is susceptible to multiple injuries. The appearance of infections during the wound healing process is a complication that represents a formidable hospital challenge. The presence of opportunistic bacteria with sophisticated resistance mechanisms is difficult to eradicate and compromises patients' lives. Therefore, the search for new efficacious treatments from natural sources that prevent and counteract infections, in addition to promoting the healing process, has increased in recent years. In this respect, films with the capability to protect wounds and release drugs are the presentation that predominates commercially in the hospital environment. Those films can offer several mechanical advantages such as physical protection to prevent opportunistic bacteria's entry, regulation of gas exchange, and capture of exudate through a swelling process. Wound dressings are generally curative materials easily adaptable to different anatomical regions, with high strength and elasticity, and some are even bioabsorbable. Additionally, the components of the films can actively participate in promoting the healing process. Even more, the film can be made up of carriers with other active participants to prevent and eradicate infections. Therefore, the extensive versatility, practicality, and usefulness of films from natural sources to address infectious processes during wound healing are relevant and recurrent themes. This work presents an analysis of the state-of-the-art of films with natural products focused on preventing and eradicating infections in wound healing.

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OBJECTIVE: to evaluate evidence on effectiveness support surfaces for pressure injury prevention in the intraoperative period. METHOD: systematic review. The search for primary studies was conducted in seven databases. The sample consisted of 10 studies. The synthesis of the results was carried out descriptively and through meta-analysis. RESULTS: when comparing low-tech support surfaces with regular care (standard surgical table mattress), the meta-analysis showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the investigated interventions (Relative Risk = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.30-2.39). The Higgins inconsistency test indicated considerable heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 83%). The assessment of the certainty of the evidence was very low. When comparing high-tech and low-tech support surfaces, the meta-analysis showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the interventions studied, with high-tech being the most effective (Relative Risk = 0.17; 95%CI: 0.05-0.53). Heterogeneity can be classified as not important (I2 = 0%). The assessment of certainty of evidence was moderate. CONCLUSION: the use of high-tech support surfaces is an effective measure to prevent pressure injuries in the intraoperative period.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Sports recognition technology gradually mature. Among them, wearable sensors have attracted wide attention because of their accurate recognition. Objective: The following squats are used as an example to determine whether CNN and EMG signals determine whether functional motion is standard. Methods: Based on the FMS of EMG, 80 students of the same grade are randomly selected from the Physical Education School of XX University for the experiment and the results are verified. Results: The results show that the GBC can classify the EMG signal of the three functional movements more accurately, and the classification accuracy rate of squat, stride, and straight lunge squat is 91%, 89%, and 90%, respectively. The decision tree has a good ability to judge whether the functional movement is standard or not, and the accuracy of judgment can reach more than 98%. In conclusion, EMG-based FMS can effectively detect early sports injuries and plays a good role in reducing sports injuries. Conclusions: The classification effect of the squat is the most obvious, reaching 91%, and its recognition ability is the strongest. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: A tecnologia de reconhecimento esportivo amadurece gradualmente, entre as quais, os sensores atraíram grande atenção devido ao seu reconhecimento preciso. Objetivo: Os seguintes agachamentos são usados como exemplo para ver se os sinais CNN e EMG determinam se o movimento funcional é padrão. Métodos: Com base no EMG FMS, 80 alunos da mesma série da XX Escola Universitária de Educação Física são selecionados aleatoriamente para o experimento e os resultados são verificados. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que o GBC pode classificar o sinal EMG dos três movimentos funcionais com maior precisão, e a taxa de precisão da classificação do agachamento, estocada e agachamento estocada reta é de 91%, 89% e 90%, respectivamente. A árvore de decisão tem uma boa capacidade de julgar se o movimento funcional é padrão ou não, e a precisão de julgamento pode chegar a mais de 98%. Em conclusão, a EMG baseada em EMG pode detectar efetivamente lesões esportivas precoces e desempenha um bom papel na redução de lesões esportivas. Conclusões: O efeito de classificação do agachamento é o mais evidente, chega a 91%, e sua capacidade de reconhecimento é a mais forte. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos- investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La tecnología de reconocimiento deportivo va madurando gradualmente, entre los cuales, los sensores han atraído gran atención por su preciso reconocimiento. Objetivo: Las siguientes sentadillas se utilizan como ejemplo para saber si las señales CNN y EMG determinan si el movimiento funcional es estándar. Métodos: Con base en el FMS de EMG, se seleccionan al azar 80 estudiantes del mismo grado de la Escuela de Educación Física de la Universidad XX para el experimento y se verifican los resultados. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que el GBC puede clasificar la señal EMG de los tres movimientos funcionales con mayor precisión, y la tasa de precisión de clasificación de sentadilla, zancada y sentadilla con estocada recta es 91%, 89% y 90%, respectivamente. El árbol de decisiones tiene una buena capacidad para juzgar si el movimiento funcional es estándar o no, y la precisión del juicio puede alcanzar más del 98%. En conclusión, la EMG basada en EMG puede detectar de forma eficaz las lesiones deportivas tempranas y desempeña un buen papel en la reducción de las lesiones deportivas. Conclusiones: El efecto de clasificación de la sentadilla es el más evidente, alcanza el 91%, y su capacidad de reconocimiento es la más fuerte. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos- investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

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INTRODUCTION: In Chile, hemophilia was incorporated into the System of Explicit Health Guarantees (GES), which ensures access to treatment and financial protection for these patients. To support patients and their families, educational programs have been proposed that focus on managing possible complications of the pathology, first aid, and prophylaxis, however, there are no educational instances focused on the needs of the patients. OBJECTIVE: To know the educational needs of parents with hemophilic chil dren and adolescents regarding contents, people, place, methodology, and stage of the illness. Sub jects and Method: Descriptive qualitative study of 15 parents with hemophilic children in outpatient care. For the data collection, we used a semi-structured interview with five open questions, aimed at the search for educational needs such as what (contents), how (methodology), when (moment), who (person), and where (place) is education needed. For data analysis, were used the Berelson's content analysis technique. To guarantee the scientific validity of the qualitative results, the methodological rigor criteria of Guba and Lincoln were used. RESULTS: The most frequent educational needs reported by parents include content such as venipuncture training, injury prevention, pathophysiological as pects of the disease, among others; with methodology developed in group workshops and guided by a peer; in a comfortable and familiar place; in three stages of the disease's development (diagnosis, blee ding events, and development of autonomous activities), and provided by professionals and peers. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of educational needs is the basis for the creation of an educational program that guides the comprehensive care of hemophilic children and their parents.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate advancements in the prevention of road traffic injuries (RTI) in Mexico in the context of the United Nation's Decade of Action for Road Safety. METHODS: An analysis of the trend and age-period-cohort effects of RTI mortality from 1999 to 2018 was conducted. Mortality figures were age-standardized using the direct method and population estimates of 2018 as the standard. To evaluate whether advancements might be attributed to higher levels of death misclassification, we conducted sensitive analysis using multiple imputation to redistributed deaths allocated to non-specific ICD-10 codes. Non-fatal RTI from four nationally representative health surveys (2000, 2006, 2012 and 2018) were analyzed. FINDINGS: Implementation of Mexico's National Road Safety Strategy 2011-2020 was associated with an average annual percentage change reduction in the age-standardized RTI mortality rate of 1.3% (95%-CI: -1.8,-0.9). Reductions are more evident in pedestrians and four + wheelers (-6.7% and -5.3%, respectively, from 2011 to 2018); mortality trend in motorcyclists increased from 1999 to 2018 an average of 12.8% annually (95%-CI: 9.9, 15.9). Potential underestimation of mortality due to death misclassification decreased from 22.7% in 1999 to 16.4% in 2018; sensitive analysis showed that reductions might not be attributed to death misclassification. Non-fatal injuries decreased in four + wheelers but increased in motorcyclists. The number of individuals suffering permanent consequences from RTI increased. CONCLUSIONS: Results showed some potential gains of Mexico's road safety strategies: RTI in four + wheelers decreased. Efforts should be put in place urgently to prevent the growing number of RTI in motorcyclists.

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La ciencia, la tecnología y su interrelación con los sistemas de salud mundiales exigen estudios de actualidad como factor para desarrollar las sociedades. Adentrarnos en este tópico, es indispensable para comprender el fenómeno científico - tecnológico contextualizado a sus condicionantes sociales. El objetivo del artículo es describir la relación e influencia entre ciencia, tecnología y sociedad con los sistemas de atención a traumatizados. Se realizó una revisión descriptiva narrativa desde octubre de 2019 a julio de 2020 de fuentes primarias y secundarias que abordan el tema. La cultura de las tecnologías y como la sociedad influye en estas, constituye parte esencial de los actuales protocolos de atención a víctimas de incidentes adversos. Los conocimientos, habilidades y valores de la sociedad, de conjunto con los profesionales de la salud, marcarían un avance hacia una colectividad más preparada. Ejemplo de perfectibilidad de nuestro entorno, del sistema de atención al trauma y su responsabilidad en la prevención(AU)

Science, technology and their interrelation with world health systems require updated studies as a factor for developing societies. Delving into this topic is essential to understanding the scientific-technological phenomenon contextualized in agreement with its social conditions. The aim of the article is to describe the relationship and influence between science, technology and society with care systems of trauma patients. A narrative-descriptive review was conducted from October 2019 to July 2020 of primary and secondary sources that address the topic. The culture of technologies and how society influences them constitutes an essential part of current protocols od care provision to victims of adverse incidents. The knowledge, skills and values of society, together with health professionals, would represent an advance towards a more prepared community. This is an example of perfectibility in our setting, concerning the trauma care system and the responsibility for trauma prevention(AU)

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Introducción: Las lesiones no intencionales se consideran un problema de salud en el mundo, las tasas se elevan de forma marcada. En Cuba ocupan una de las primeras causas de morbilidad en la edad pediátrica. Objetivo: Describir las principales características epidemiológicas de las lesiones no intencionales en menores de 18 años en Matanzas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en Matanzas entre el 2013 y el 2018. El universo estuvo constituido por las 4464 lesiones no intencionales ocurridas en menores de 18 años durante el periodo analizado. Para el análisis de las variables se utilizaron tasas crudas por 10 000 habitantes. Resultados: Las tasas de morbilidad en la provincia estuvieron entre 45,2 y 58,2 por 10 000 habitantes. Los municipios de mayor riesgo resultaron Matanzas y Limonar. La mayoría de las lesiones no intencionales ocurrieron en el hogar, las caídas fueron las más frecuentes y provocaron lesiones leves. Conclusiones: Las lesiones no intencionales constituyen un problema de salud. Es necesario evaluar y controlar los factores de riesgo en los distintos tipos de accidentes para prevenir o disminuir su incidencia a través de estrategias de información, educación y comunicación. Lograr que las familias estén conscientes de la vulnerabilidad de los niños es un factor esencial y básico en todos los esfuerzos que tengan como objetivo la prevención de las lesiones no intencionales en esta etapa de la vida(AU)

Introduction: Unintentional injuries are considered a health concern worldwide. Their rates rise drastically. In Cuba, they occupy one of the leading causes of morbidity in pediatric age. Objective: To describe the main epidemiological characteristics of unintentional injuries in children under 18 years of age in Matanzas. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in Matanzas, between 2013 and 2018. The universe consisted of 4464 unintentional injuries experienced, during the period analyzed, by children under 18 years of age. Crude rates per 10 000 inhabitants were used for the analysis of the variables. Results: The morbidity rates in the province were between 45.2 and 58.2 per 10 000 inhabitants. The municipalities with the highest risk were Matanzas and Limonar. Most of the unintentional injuries occurred at home. Falls were the most frequent and caused minor injuries. Conclusions: Unintentional injuries constitute a health concern. It is necessary to assess and control the risk factors for the different types of accidents, in order to prevent or reduce their incidence, through information, education and communication strategies. Making families aware of the vulnerability of children is an essential and basic aspect in all efforts aimed at preventing unintentional injuries at this stage of life(AU)

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Resumen Introducción: El trauma representa un verdadero reto para los sistemas sanitarios por ser un gran problema de salud pública. En Chile se desconoce el manejo del paciente politraumatizado. Objetivo: Describir los resultados del primer registro de trauma (RT) en línea, en los pacientes que se atienden en el Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río durante los primeros dos años de la implementación. Materiales y Método: Se recoge información prospectiva en un registro en red, sobre pacientes víctimas de trauma, ingresados al Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río durante dos años. Estas variables involucran todo el proceso de atención clínica desde el ingreso al alta o fallecimiento. Resultados: En dos años, se registran 3.515 ingresos de pacientes víctima de trauma. Entre estos, el 81,3% son hombres. El 27% sufre trauma penetrante y 59% cerrado. Destacan más lesiones por arma de fuego que por arma blanca. El 18,4% de los pacientes ingresados tiene un el Injury Severity Score (ISS) mayor a 15 puntos. 34 pacientes ingresan en paro cardiorrespiratorio y 7,3 % lo hace hipotenso. Se realizan 1.856 tomografías y el 54,4% requiere cirugía de urgencia. Ingresan 692 traumas torácicos, 654 abdominales, 1.550 de extremidades, 687 lesiones en cráneo y 190 traumas cervicales. Se activa el protocolo de transfusión masiva en el 3,1% de los ingresos. El 8,3% utiliza la unidad de paciente crítico y la mortalidad es de 2,9%, teniendo como primera causa el trauma encéfalocraneano y segunda el shock hemorrágico. Conclusiones: Nuestro hospital tiene una gran incidencia de trauma. La implementación de un RT permite conocer la dimensión y evaluar el proceso asistencial en torno al paciente víctima de trauma. Es necesario dirigir recursos e implementar capacitación en los centros de alto volumen de trauma, además, de continuar con la extensión de la herramienta como estrategia de monitorización multicéntrica.

Introduction: Trauma represents a real challenge for health systems because is a major public health problem. In Chile, the management of polytrauma patients is unknown. Aim: Describe the results of the first online trauma registry; in patients treated at the Dr. Sótero del Río Hospital during the first two years of implementation. Materials and Method: Prospective information is collected in a network registry, about trauma victims, admitted to Dr. Sótero del Río Hospital for two years. These variables involve the entire clinical care process from admission to discharge or death. Results: 3.515 admissions of trauma victims are registered in two years. Among these, 81.3% are men. 27% suffered penetrating trauma and 59% closed. They emphasize larger injuries by firearm than by bladed weapon. 18.4% of admitted patients have ISS greater than 15 points. 34 patients enter cardio-respiratory arrest and 7.3% make it hypotensive. 1,856 CT scans are performed and 54.4% require emergency surgery. They admitted 692 thoracic trauma, 654 abdominal, 1550 limb, 687 skull injuries and 190 cervical trauma. The massive transfusion protocol is activated at 3.1% of the admissions. 8.3% use the critical patient unit and mortality is 2.9%, with cranial brain trauma as the first cause and hemorrhagic shock as a second cause. Conclusions: Our hospital has a high incidence of trauma. The RT implementation allows us to know the dimension and assess the care process about the trauma patient. It is necessary to direct resources and implement training in high-volume trauma centers, as well as continuing with the extension of the tool as a multi-center monitoring strategy.

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Piglets are born with a total of eight teeth and on the second day of life, teeth wear management is carried out to avoid lesions on the sows' ceilings and on the faces of the piglets. For this, an electric wearer is used that only wears the apex of the teeth. In this experiment, a comparison of twelve litters divided into: a control group (CG) was performed, which the intact teeth were kept; with the management of tooth wear and treatment group (TG),. The animals were followed from the first day of life until weaning. The weighing was carried out on the respective days of life: second, seventh, fourteenth and twenty-first. It was observed that the fights between piglets and for the ceilings did not present significant difference, on the other hand the injuries caused by the teeth and the dirt injuries had significant difference with greater presence in the group without wear. In the comparison of the piglets daily weight gain, there was noted that no significant difference between two groups was observed, which can state that the non-wear of the teeth does not interfere in the daily weight gain, however it was concluded that the animals without wear (CG) had a higher incidence of dirt lesions.(AU)

Os leitões nascem com total de oito dentes e no segundo dia de vida é realizado o manejo de desgaste de dentes para evitar lesões nos tetos das matrizes e nas faces dos leitões. Para isso, usa-se desgastador elétrico, que faz o desgaste somente do ápice dos dentes. Neste experimento, realizou-se a comparação de doze leitegadas divididas em: grupo controle (GC), cujos animais se mantiveram com os dentes íntegros; e grupo tratamento (GT), cujos leitões tiveram o desgaste de dentes. Os animais foram acompanhados do primeiro dia de vida até a desmame, quando ocorreu a pesagem nos seguintes dias de vida: segundo, sétimo, décimo quarto e vigésimo primeiro. Observou-se que as brigas entre leitões e pelos tetos não apresentaram diferença significativa, por outro lado, as lesões causadas pelos dentes e as lesões de sujeira tiveram diferença significativa, com maior presença no GC. A comparação do ganho de peso diário (GPD) dos leitões dos dois grupos revelou que não houve diferença significativa, por isso se pode afirmar que o não desgaste dos dentes não interferiu no GPD, entretanto, foi possível concluir que os animais sem desgaste (GC) apresentaram maior ocorrência de lesões de sujeira.(AU)

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