RESUMEN
Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar as atividades dos inibidores de tripsina, hemaglutinante e teores de taninos no farelo de soja e na soja crua e processada, e avaliar o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da fração proteica para juvenis de pacu. Oscoeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da proteína da soja crua, extrusada, tostada e macerada foram determinadas usando óxido de cromo (0,5%) como marcador. Foi elaborada dieta de referência com 26% de proteína bruta e 4.352 kcal kg-1, e a cada alimentoavaliado foram substituídas 30% da dieta-teste. As fezes foram coletadas por pressão abdominal. Todos os produtos analisados apresentaram fatores antinutricionais, mas foiobservada menor atividade de inibidor de tripsina no farelo de soja. Sojas que receberam tratamento térmico apresentaram os melhores coeficientes de digestibilidade e menoresvalores de atividade hemaglutinante do que a soja crua. Não foram observados efeitos dos inibidores de tripsina e taninos sobre o coeficiente de digestibilidade da proteína, mas foiobservada relação negativa entre os teores de hemaglutinina com a digestibilidade da proteína bruta. Para a alimentação do pacu recomenda-se a utilização do farelo de soja e dasoja processada por extrusão ou tostada.
This study aimed to determine theactivities of trypsin inhibitors, hemagglutinant and tannin levels in soybean meal and in raw andprocessed soy, as well evaluate the protein apparent digestibility coefficient for pacu juveniles. The apparent coefficients of raw, extruded, toasted and milled soy were determined usingchromium oxide (0.5%) as marker. A reference diet was created with 26% crude protein and 4,352 kcal kg-1, with each feed containing 30% of the test diet. Feces were collected by abdominalpressure. All analyzed products presented anti-nutritional factors, but the lowest trypsin inhibitoractivity was observed in soybean meal. Soy that received thermal treatment presented better digestibility coefficients and lower hemagglutinating activity values than raw soy. No effects of trypsin and tannin inhibitor were observed on the protein digestibility coefficient, but a negative relationship was observed between hemagglutinin levels and protein digestibility coefficient. The use of soybean meal and extruded or toasted soy is recommended for pacu feeding.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Alimentos de Soja/análisis , Digestión/fisiología , Peces/metabolismo , Hemaglutininas/administración & dosificación , Taninos/administración & dosificación , Tripsina/análisisRESUMEN
Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar as atividades dos inibidores de tripsina, hemaglutinante e teores de taninos no farelo de soja e na soja crua e processada, e avaliar o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da fração proteica para juvenis de pacu. Oscoeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da proteína da soja crua, extrusada, tostada e macerada foram determinadas usando óxido de cromo (0,5%) como marcador. Foi elaborada dieta de referência com 26% de proteína bruta e 4.352 kcal kg-1, e a cada alimentoavaliado foram substituídas 30% da dieta-teste. As fezes foram coletadas por pressão abdominal. Todos os produtos analisados apresentaram fatores antinutricionais, mas foiobservada menor atividade de inibidor de tripsina no farelo de soja. Sojas que receberam tratamento térmico apresentaram os melhores coeficientes de digestibilidade e menoresvalores de atividade hemaglutinante do que a soja crua. Não foram observados efeitos dos inibidores de tripsina e taninos sobre o coeficiente de digestibilidade da proteína, mas foiobservada relação negativa entre os teores de hemaglutinina com a digestibilidade da proteína bruta. Para a alimentação do pacu recomenda-se a utilização do farelo de soja e dasoja processada por extrusão ou tostada.(AU)
This study aimed to determine theactivities of trypsin inhibitors, hemagglutinant and tannin levels in soybean meal and in raw andprocessed soy, as well evaluate the protein apparent digestibility coefficient for pacu juveniles. The apparent coefficients of raw, extruded, toasted and milled soy were determined usingchromium oxide (0.5%) as marker. A reference diet was created with 26% crude protein and 4,352 kcal kg-1, with each feed containing 30% of the test diet. Feces were collected by abdominalpressure. All analyzed products presented anti-nutritional factors, but the lowest trypsin inhibitoractivity was observed in soybean meal. Soy that received thermal treatment presented better digestibility coefficients and lower hemagglutinating activity values than raw soy. No effects of trypsin and tannin inhibitor were observed on the protein digestibility coefficient, but a negative relationship was observed between hemagglutinin levels and protein digestibility coefficient. The use of soybean meal and extruded or toasted soy is recommended for pacu feeding.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Alimentos de Soja/análisis , Peces/metabolismo , Digestión/fisiología , Hemaglutininas/administración & dosificación , Tripsina/análisis , Taninos/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins, has been suggested to play key roles in immunological and inflammatory processes. The present study deals with the concept of an in vivo role for Gal-1 in acute inflammation by using the rat hind paw edema test. Local administration of Gal-1 (0.5, 2, 4 and 8 microg/ml) inhibited acute inflammation induced by bee venom phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) when it was injected 30 min before the enzyme or co-injected together with PLA(2). The anti-inflammatory effect was prevented by a specific antibody, but independent of its carbohydrate-binding properties. In contrast, Gal-1 failed to inhibit histamine-induced edema. Histopathological studies showed a clear reduction of the inflammatory process when Gal-1 was injected before PLA(2), evidenced by a diminished number of infiltrated polymorphonuclear neutrophils and scarce degranulated mast cells. The anti-inflammatory effect was also assessed in vitro, showing that Gal-1 treatment reduced prostaglandin E(2) secretion and arachidonic acid release from stimulated peritoneal macrophages. Results presented here provide the first evidence for a role of Gal-1 in acute inflammation and suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect involves the inhibition of both soluble and cellular mediators of the inflammatory response.
Asunto(s)
Hemaglutininas/inmunología , Inflamación/inmunología , Fosfolipasas A/inmunología , Animales , Dinoprostona/inmunología , Femenino , Galectina 1 , Hemaglutininas/administración & dosificación , Inflamación/patología , Fosfolipasas A/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Galectin-1 (GAL-1), a member of a family of conserved beta-galactoside-binding proteins, has been shown to induce in vitro apoptosis of activated T cells and immature thymocytes. We assessed the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of delivery of GAL-1 in a collagen-induced arthritis model. A single injection of syngeneic DBA/1 fibroblasts engineered to secrete GAL-1 at the day of disease onset was able to abrogate clinical and histopathological manifestations of arthritis. This effect was reproduced by daily administration of recombinant GAL-1. GAL-1 treatment resulted in reduction in anticollagen immunoglobulin (Ig)G levels. The cytokine profile in draining lymph node cells and the anticollagen IgG isotypes in mice sera at the end of the treatment clearly showed inhibition of the proinflammatory response and skewing towards a type 2-polarized immune reaction. Lymph node cells from mice engaged in the gene therapy protocol increased their susceptibility to antigen-induced apoptosis. Moreover, GAL-1-expressing fibroblasts and recombinant GAL-1 revealed a specific dose-dependent inhibitory effect in vitro in antigen-dependent interleukin 2 production to an A(q)-restricted, collagen type 2-specific T cell hybridoma clone. Thus, a correlation between the apoptotic properties of GAL-1 in vitro and its immunomodulatory properties in vivo supports its therapeutic potential in the treatment of T helper cell type 1-mediated autoimmune disorders.