RESUMEN
Several lines of evidence have linked the intestinal bacterium Helicobacter cinaedi with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, identifying the Cinaedi Antigen Inflammatory Protein (CAIP) as a key virulence factor. Oxidative stress and inflammation are crucial in sustaining the atherosclerotic process and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) uptake. Primary human macrophages and endothelial cells were pre-incubated with 10 µM diphenyl iodonium salt (DPI) and stimulated with 20 µg/mL CAIP. Lectin-like oxLDL receptor (LOX-1) expression was evaluated by FACS analysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using the fluorescent probe H2DCF-DA, and cytokine release was quantified by ELISA assay. Foam cells formation was assessed by Oil Red-O staining, and phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 MAP kinases and NF-κB pathway activation were determined by Western blot. This study demonstrated that CAIP triggered LOX-1 over-expression and increased ROS production in both macrophages and endothelial cells. Blocking ROS abrogated LOX-1 expression and reduced LDL uptake and foam cells formation. Additionally, CAIP-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine release was significantly affected by ROS inhibition. The signaling pathway induced by CAIP-induced oxidative stress led to p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. These findings elucidate the mechanism of action of CAIP, which heightens oxidative stress and contributes to the atherosclerotic process in H. cinaedi-infected patients.
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Aterosclerosis , Infecciones por Helicobacter , Helicobacter , Lipoproteínas LDL , Macrófagos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Receptores Depuradores de Clase E , Humanos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Aterosclerosis/metabolismo , Aterosclerosis/microbiología , Aterosclerosis/patología , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/microbiología , Infecciones por Helicobacter/metabolismo , Infecciones por Helicobacter/microbiología , Receptores Depuradores de Clase E/metabolismo , Lipoproteínas LDL/metabolismo , Helicobacter/patogenicidad , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/microbiología , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Células Espumosas/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Células Cultivadas , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
Autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia is a severe primary antibody deficiency disorder typically presenting in infancy. We present a rare case of an 8-year-old boy with AR agammaglobulinemia due to a homozygous splice site variant (c.499-1G > A) in the CD79A gene. Despite monthly intravenous immunoglobulin replacement and prophylactic antibiotics, he developed refractory Helicobacter bilis leg ulcers. Helicobacter species are known for extracellular colonization and are challenging to culture, necessitating molecular diagnostics for identification. The patient required prolonged treatment with intravenous meropenem followed by oral metronidazole and doxycycline for resolution of the ulcers over two years. The patient also exhibited persistent asymptomatic thrombocytopenia, an atypical finding in CD79A mutation cases. This case underscores the importance of genetic diagnosis and targeted antimicrobial therapy in managing rare infections associated with primary immunodeficiencies like autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia due to CD79A mutation.
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Agammaglobulinemia , Antígenos CD79 , Infecciones por Helicobacter , Mutación , Fenotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Niño , Mutación/genética , Infecciones por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/complicaciones , Infecciones por Helicobacter/genética , Agammaglobulinemia/genética , Agammaglobulinemia/diagnóstico , Antígenos CD79/genética , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Helicobacter/genética , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Genéticas Ligadas al Cromosoma XRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: At present, eradication regimens for non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) have not been established yet. We investigated effectiveness of the standard triple-drug combination therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication and of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) monotherapy in eradication of NHPH. METHODS: Subjects were the patients who were diagnosed with NHPH-infected gastritis based on microscopic findings, helical-shaped organisms obviously larger than Helicobacter pylori, in the gastric mucosal specimens using Giemsa staining at Kenwakai Hospital between November 2010 and September 2021, whose NHPH species were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of urease genes in endoscopically-biopsied samples, and who consented to NHPH eradication with either the triple-drug combination therapy for one week or a PPI monotherapy for six months. Six months after the completion of eradication, its result was determined with esophagogastroduodenoscopy, microscopic examination, and PCR analysis. In cases of unsuccessful eradication, a second eradication with the other therapy was suggested to the patient. RESULTS: PCR analysis detected NHPH in 38 patients: 36 as Helicobacter suis and two as Helicobacter heilmannii/Helicobacter ailurogastricus. Fourteen Helicobacter suis-infected and one Helicobacter heilmannii/Helicobacter ailurogastricus-infected patients requested eradication therapy. The triple-drug combination therapy succeeded in four of five patients, while the PPI monotherapy succeeded in five of 10 patients. Three of five patients who had been unsuccessful with the latter therapy requested the triple-drug combination therapy as the second eradication and all three were successful. In total, the triple-drug combination therapy succeeded in seven out of eight (87.5%) attempted cases, while the PPI monotherapy in five out of 10 (50%) attempted cases. CONCLUSIONS: In NHPH eradication, the triple-drug combination therapy was considered to be effective to some extent and to become the first-line therapy. While, although less successful, PPI monotherapy appeared to be a potentially promising option particularly for patients with allergy or resistance to antibiotics. Effectiveness of PPI monotherapy may be attributed to hyperacid environment preference of Helicobacter suis and PPI's acid-suppressive effect. Additionally, male predominance in NHPH-infected gastritis patients may be explained by gender difference in gastric acid secretory capacity. However, further evidence needs to be accumulated. STUDY REGISTRATION: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Kenwakai Hospital (No. 2,017,024).
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Gastritis , Infecciones por Helicobacter , Helicobacter heilmannii , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Infecciones por Helicobacter/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/microbiología , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Gastritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Gastritis/microbiología , Adulto , Anciano , Helicobacter heilmannii/aislamiento & purificación , Helicobacter pylori/efectos de los fármacos , Helicobacter pylori/aislamiento & purificación , Amoxicilina/administración & dosificación , Amoxicilina/uso terapéutico , Claritromicina/administración & dosificación , Claritromicina/uso terapéutico , Helicobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Helicobacter/efectos de los fármacos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiología , Mucosa Gástrica/patologíaRESUMEN
Aim: A bibliometric analysis and evaluation of research on non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species (NHPHs) is essential to determining future research directions. Materials & methods: A comprehensive search was carried out using predetermined search terms within the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) to gather publications spanning from 1993 to 2023. VOSviewer and Citespace were employed for data analysis and visualization. Results: 308 publications on NHPHs were included. Among these, gastric NHPHs received more publications and attention compared with enterohepatic NHPHs. Key findings included the identification of most productive countries, institutions, journals, authors, keywords, research trends and notable perspectives in the field. Conclusion: The article guides further research and clinical applications on NHPHs.
[Box: see text].
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Bibliometría , Infecciones por Helicobacter , Helicobacter , Humanos , Infecciones por Helicobacter/microbiología , Helicobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Helicobacter/genética , Helicobacter/clasificación , Helicobacter pylori/aislamiento & purificación , Publicaciones/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) is rarely detected in duodenal mucosa due to its preference for slightly acidic environments. Here, we report four cases of NHPH-infected gastritis with duodenal spiral bacilli, potentially NHPH, indicating the possibility of duodenal mucosal infection. CASE PRESENTATION: In every case, gastric mucosa showed endoscopic findings characteristic of NHPH-infected gastritis, and a mucosal biopsy was taken from the duodenal bulb; spiral bacilli were identified under microscopy using Giemsa staining. Case 1, a 46-year-old man, had diffuse spotty redness, mucosal edema, and multiple tiny erosions in the duodenal bulb, along with larger erosions in the second portion of the duodenum upon endoscopic examination. Histopathologically, moderate infiltration of mononuclear cells and neutrophils in the lamina propria and gastric epithelial metaplasia were observed. Case 2, a 54-year-old man, showed an elevated lesion, 1 cm in diameter, with multiple red spots and a few tiny erosions in the duodenal bulb. Histopathologically, mild inflammatory cell infiltration and gastric epithelial metaplasia were observed. In Case 3, a 52-year-old man, endoscopy revealed a flat elevated lesion, 7 mm in diameter, with multiple red spots and a few tiny erosions in the anterior wall of the duodenal bulb. Histopathologically, we observed moderate inflammatory cell infiltration in the gastric antrum and gastric epithelial metaplasia in the duodenal bulb. Case 4, a 40-year-old man, showed mild spotty redness in the duodenal bulb. Histopathologically, mild mononucleocyte infiltration and gastric epithelial metaplasia were observed. A single spiral bacillus was observed in Case 4 by microscopy. In all but Case 2, Helicobacter suis was identified in the gastric juice by polymerase chain reaction analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Spiral bacilli resembling NHPH may infect the duodenal mucosa, particularly the bulb, causing inflammation. Gastric contents entering the duodenum may reduce the intraduodenal pH, promoting NHPH survival and proliferation.
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Duodeno , Gastritis , Infecciones por Helicobacter , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Gastritis/microbiología , Gastritis/patología , Infecciones por Helicobacter/microbiología , Infecciones por Helicobacter/patología , Infecciones por Helicobacter/complicaciones , Duodeno/patología , Duodeno/microbiología , Biopsia , Helicobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Helicobacter/fisiología , Helicobacter/genética , Adulto , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiología , Mucosa Gástrica/patologíaRESUMEN
We have previously isolated a gram-negative microaerophilic strain, PAGU2000T from a patient presenting with a fever in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. The present study aimed to comprehensively analyze the taxonomy of the isolated strain using a polyphasic approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strain was a member of enterohepatic Helicobacter. The strain PAGU2000T shared a 97.5% 16S rRNA gene nucleotide identity with Helicobacter valdiviensis, and this taxonomic position was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of the GyrA amino acid sequences. The proposed strain PAGU2000T has a 1.482 Mbp chromosome with a DNA G + C content of 31.3 mol% and encodes 1520 predicted coding sequences. The average nucleotide identity between the strain PAGU2000T and type strain of H. valdiviensis was 70.3%, which was lower than the recommended threshold of 95% for species delineation. The strain PAGU2000T was a motile, non-spore-forming, and spiral-shaped bacterium, exhibiting catalase and oxidase activities but not urease and nitrate reduction. This study demonstrates that the isolate represents a novel species within enterohepatic Helicobacter, for which the name Helicobacter higonensis is proposed (type strain: PAGU2000T = GTC 16811T = LMG 33095T). In this study, we describe the phenotypic and morphological features of this strain and propose an emended description of some biochemical traits of H. valdiviensis.
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Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano , Infecciones por Helicobacter , Helicobacter , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Helicobacter/genética , Helicobacter/clasificación , Helicobacter/aislamiento & purificación , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Humanos , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Infecciones por Helicobacter/microbiología , Japón , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Girasa de ADN/genéticaRESUMEN
Helicobacter spp. infections in mice can have broad-ranging effects on gastrointestinal, reproductive, and immune systems. This can introduce significant confounding variables for research and may reduce scientific rigor. Screening mouse colonies for Helicobacter species can be accomplished via noninvasive PCR testing on filter paper placed in animal-free dirty bedding sentinel cages. In our facility, one tablespoon of dirty bedding from each cage on a rack is added to a designated sentinel cage every 3 wk at cage change, and PCR testing is performed on in-cage filter paper quarterly. We hypothesized that cages that received Helicobacter spp.-positive bedding at later time points would have a lower detection rate of Helicobacter spp. with PCR testing compared with cages that received positive bedding at earlier time points due to the filter paper becoming saturated. To determine if screening would be able to detect one positive row of cages on a rack, 9 tablespoons of Helicobacter- positive bedding and 71 tablespoons of negative bedding were added at the 3-, 6-, or 9-wk time points to 14 empty sentinel cages per time point. Negative bedding was added every 3 wk to cages not scheduled to receive positive bedding. Negative controls received 80 tablespoons of negative bedding and positive controls received 80 tablespoons of positive bedding at each time point. Filter paper was tested via PCR for Helicobacter spp. at 12 wk. All positive controls tested positive, and all negative controls tested negative. Two 3-wk cages, two 6-wk cages, and three 9-wk cages were positive, indicating no difference between time points. This resulted in a 16.7% Helicobacter spp. detection rate. These results indicate that PCR on in-cage filter paper may not be reliable in detecting low levels of Helicobacter spp. nucleic acid in dirty bedding.
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Infecciones por Helicobacter , Helicobacter , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Animales , Helicobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Helicobacter/genética , Ratones , Infecciones por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/veterinaria , Infecciones por Helicobacter/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Vivienda para Animales , Enfermedades de los Roedores/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Roedores/diagnóstico , Factores de Tiempo , PapelRESUMEN
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), known for causing gastric inflammation, gastritis and gastric cancer, prompted our study to investigate the differential expression of cytokines in gastric tissues, which is crucial for understanding H. pylori infection and its potential progression to gastric cancer. Focusing on Il-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α, we analysed gene and protein levels to differentiate between H. pylori-infected and non-infected gastritis. We utilised real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for gene quantification, immunohistochemical staining, and ELISA for protein measurement. Gastric samples from patients with gastritis were divided into three groups: (1) non-gastritis (N-group) group, (2) gastritis without H. pylori infection (G-group), and (3) gastritis with H. pylori infection (GH-group), each consisting of 8 samples. Our findings revealed a statistically significant variation in cytokine expression. Generally, cytokine levels were higher in gastritis, but in H. pylori-infected gastritis, IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were lower compared to H. pylori-independent gastritis, while IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α levels were higher. This distinct cytokine expression pattern in H. pylori-infected gastritis underscores a unique inflammatory response, providing deeper insights into its pathogenesis.
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Gastritis , Infecciones por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Helicobacter , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Helicobacter pylori/metabolismo , Interleucina-18/genética , Interleucina-18/metabolismo , Helicobacter/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Gastritis/patología , Interleucina-12/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Infecciones por Helicobacter/genética , Infecciones por Helicobacter/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismoRESUMEN
Fundamentos: existen pruebas de la factibilidad de una vacuna para prevenir la infección por helicobacter pylori. Modelizacio-nes en entornos de baja prevalencia informan de una muy probable coste-efectividad a largo plazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar su eficiencia en un contexto local.métodos: se simuló la evolución de una cohorte de nacidos a través de un modelo compartimental representativo de varios estados clínicos en relación a la infección por h. Pylori. Se ejecutó dicho modelo bajo las premisas de vacunación en el periodo de lactante y de no intervención. El horizonte temporal fue equivalente a la esperanza de vida y se tuvo en cuenta la perspectiva del sistema de salud.resultados: la vacunación frente a h. Pylori costaría de media 2.168 /persona más que la no intervención. Con ello se obten-drían 0,32 años de vida ganados ajustados por calidad (avac), lo que implicaría una razón de coste-efectividad incremental (rcei) media de 7.196 /avac. Para una disposición a pagar de 24.506 /avac, el 99,96% de las simulaciones resultaron coste-efectivas al alcanzar el horizonte temporal y se cruzó dicho umbral a partir de los treinta años de la vacunación. Las variables que más peso tuvieron para explicar la variabilidad de la rcei fueron, en este orden, la efectividad vacunal, la incidencia de la infección en la primera infancia y el precio de la vacuna. La vacunación dejaría de ser coste-efectiva con un precio mayor de 3.634/vial o con una cobertura poblacional efectiva menor del 11%.conclusiones: una vacunación frente a la infección por h. Pylori administrada en la infancia sería coste-efectiva a largo plazo en un entorno con las características epidemiológicas y económicas del sur de europa.(AU)
Background: there is sufficient evidence on the feasibility of a vaccine to prevent helicobacter pylori infection. Modeling studies in low prevalence environments report a very probable long-term cost-effectiveness. The objective of this study was to quantify its efficiency in a local context.methods: the evolution of a cohort of newborns was simulated through a compartmental model representing a series of clinical situations regarding h. Pylori infection and related diseases. The model was run under the assumption of both vaccination in the first year of life and no intervention. The time horizon was set as equivalent to the life expectancy and the perspective of the health system was taken into account.results: vaccination against h. Pylori would cost an average of 2,168/person more than no intervention. This would yield an average additional 0.32 quality-adjusted life years gained (qaly), which would entail an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (icer) of 7,196/qaly. For a willingness to pay of 24,506/qaly, 99.96% of the simulations were cost-effective at eighty-four years old. This threshold was crossed thirty years after vaccination. The variables that carried the most weight in explaining the variability of the icer were, in this order, vaccine effectiveness, the incidence of infection in young children, and the price of the vaccine. Vaccination would cease to be cost-effective with a price greater than 3,634/dose or with effective population coverage less than 11%.(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias Gástricas/economía , Neoplasias Gástricas/inmunología , Vacunas , Helicobacter , VacunaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The characteristic endoscopic findings of non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) gastritis, including white marbled appearance and crack-like mucosa, have been reported. However, these findings can also manifest in H. pylori (HP)-infected gastritis. This study compared NHPH gastritis and mild atrophic HP gastritis to identify features that may enhance NHPH diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2087 patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and were histologically evaluated by multiple gastric mucosal biopsies according to the updated Sydney System (USS) at Shinshu University Hospital between 2005 and 2023. Among them, nine patients were classified into the NHPH group and 134 patients with HP infection and mild atrophy were classified into the HP group for retrospective comparisons of endoscopic findings and clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS: All nine patients in the NHPH group (eight males [89%], median ± standard deviation [SD] age: 49 ± 13.0 years) were infected with H. suis. The 134 patients in the HP group contained 70 men (52%) and had a median ± SD age of 35 ± 19.9 years. Endoscopic findings were statistically comparable for white marbled appearance (three patients [33%] in the NHPH group and 37 patients [31%] in the HP group) and crack-like mucosa (three patients [33%] and 27 patients [20%], respectively). Diffuse redness was significantly less frequent in the NHPH group (one patient [14%] vs. 97 patients [72%], p < 0.001). White marbled appearance or crack-like mucosa without diffuse redness was significantly more common in the NHPH group (56% vs. 13%, p = 0.004), with a sensitivity and specificity of 56% and 87%, respectively. Mean USS neutrophil infiltration and Helicobacter density scores were significantly higher in the HP group (both p < 0.01), which might have influenced the endoscopic findings of diffuse redness. CONCLUSIONS: When endoscopic findings of white marbled appearance or cracked-like mucosa are present, evaluation for diffuse redness may contribute to a more accurate diagnosis of NHPH gastritis.
Asunto(s)
Gastritis , Infecciones por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Helicobacter , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Infecciones por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Gastritis/diagnóstico , Gastritis/patología , Mucosa Gástrica/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter species (spp.) have been detected in human bile and hepatobiliary tissue Helicobacter spp. promote gallstone formation and hepatobiliary tumors in laboratory studies, though it remains unclear whether Helicobacter spp. contribute to these cancers in humans. We used a multiplex panel to assess whether seropositivity to Helicobacter (H.) hepaticus or H. bilis proteins was associated with the development of hepatobiliary cancers in the Finnish Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, and US-based Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO). METHODS: We included 62 biliary and 121 liver cancers, and 190 age-matched controls from ATBC and 74 biliary and 105 liver cancers, and 364 age- and sex-matched controls from PLCO. Seropositivity to 14 H. hepaticus and H. bilis antigens was measured using a multiplex assay. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for major hepatobiliary cancer risk factors and Helicobacter pylori serostatus. RESULTS: Seropositivity to the H. bilis antigen, P167D, was associated with more than a twofold higher risk of liver cancer (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.06, 5.36) and seropositivity to the H. hepaticus antigens HH0407 or HH1201, or H. bilis antigen, HRAG 01470 were associated with higher risk of biliary cancer (OR: 5.01; 95% CI: 1.53, 16.40; OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.00, 5.76; OR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.14, 9.34, respectively) within PLCO. No associations for any of the H. hepaticus or H. bilis antigens were noted for liver or biliary cancers within ATBC. CONCLUSIONS: Further investigations in cohort studies should examine the role of Helicobacter spp. in the etiology of liver and biliary cancers.
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Neoplasias del Sistema Biliar , Infecciones por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Helicobacter , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias del Sistema Biliar/epidemiología , Helicobacter hepaticus , Infecciones por Helicobacter/complicaciones , Femenino , Ensayos Clínicos como AsuntoAsunto(s)
Agammaglobulinemia , Enfermedades Genéticas Ligadas al Cromosoma X , Infecciones por Helicobacter , Helicobacter , Humanos , Celulitis (Flemón)/diagnóstico , Celulitis (Flemón)/tratamiento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Agammaglobulinemia/diagnóstico , Agammaglobulinemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Agammaglobulinemia/complicaciones , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Helicobacter/genética , Infecciones por Helicobacter/complicaciones , Infecciones por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Helicobacter species (spp.) is a gram-negative spiral-shaped motile bacterium that causes gastritis in pigs and also colonizes in the human stomach. The present study assessed the prevalence of Helicobacter spp. in pig gastric mucosa and the stool of pig farmers in Assam, India. A total of 403 stomach samples from pig slaughter points, 74 necropsy samples of pigs from pig farms, and 97 stool samples from pig farmers were collected. Among the pig stomach samples, 43 (20.09%) of those with gastritis showed the presence of Gram-negative, spiral-shaped organisms, while only 3.04% of stomach samples without lesions had these organisms. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of urease-positive stomach samples revealed tightly coiled Helicobacter bacteria in the mucus lining. Histopathological examination showed chronic gastritis with hemorrhagic necrosis, leucocytic infiltration, and lymphoid aggregates. PCR confirmed the presence of Helicobacter suis in 19.63% of pig stomach samples and 2.08% of pig farmer stool samples. Additionally, 3.12% of the stool samples from pig farmers were positive for Helicobacter pylori. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct clusters of Helicobacter suis with other Helicobacter spp. These findings highlight the prevalence of Helicobacter in both pig gastric mucosa and pig farmer stool. The findings highlight the need for improved sanitation and hygiene practices among pig farmers to minimize the risk of Helicobacter infection in humans.
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Gastritis , Infecciones por Helicobacter , Helicobacter heilmannii , Helicobacter , Humanos , Porcinos , Animales , Infecciones por Helicobacter/epidemiología , Infecciones por Helicobacter/veterinaria , Agricultores , Incidencia , Filogenia , Gastritis/epidemiología , Gastritis/veterinaria , Gastritis/microbiología , Helicobacter/genéticaRESUMEN
Nowadays, it is well-established that the consumption of poultry meat, especially chicken meat products has been drastically increasing. Even though more attentions are being paid to the major foodborne pathogens, it seems that scientists in the area of food safety and public health would prefer tackling the minor food borne zoonotic emerging or reemerging pathogens, namely Helicobacter species. Recently, understanding the novel aspects of zoonotic Enterohepatic Helicobacter species, including pathogenesis, isolation, identification, and genomic features is regarded as a serious challenge. In this regard, considerable attention is given to emerging elusive zoonotic Enterohepatic Helicobacter species, comprising Helicobacter pullorum and Helicobacter canadensis. In conclusion, the current review paper would attempt to elaborately summarize and somewhat compare the etiology, pathogenesis, cultivation process, identification, genotyping, and antimicrobial resistance profile of both H. pullorum and H. Canadensis. Further, H. pullorum has been introduced as the most significant food borne pathogen in chicken meat products.
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Helicobacter , Salud Pública , Animales , Virulencia , Helicobacter/genética , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , PollosRESUMEN
Helicobacter cinaedi is known to cause invasive infections in immunocompromised adults. Here we report the first case of H. cinaedi bacteremia in a child with nephrotic syndrome. The patient presented with a mild transient febrile illness that resolved spontaneously. We discuss the diagnostic challenges associated with this case and the microbiologic approach, including genomic analysis. Furthermore, we review the current case together with all previous pediatric cases (n = 6). Notably, all cases involved neonates or otherwise immunocompromised individuals and were characterized by severe disease with complicated infections (eg, meningitis, cholangitis and arthritis). H. cinaedi bacteremia in children is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from mild to life-threatening conditions. This bacterium may be difficult to diagnose and require specialized methods.
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Artritis , Bacteriemia , Infecciones por Helicobacter , Helicobacter , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Artritis/complicaciones , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Helicobacter/genética , Infecciones por Helicobacter/complicaciones , Infecciones por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Gastric cancer is strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of gastric cancer in the context of H. pylori infection, particularly in relation to ferroptosis, remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of the Helicobacter-associated ferroptosis gene YWHAE in gastric cancer. We analyzed multi-omics data, performed molecular docking, and employed machine learning to comprehensively evaluate the expression, function, and potential implications in gastric cancer, including its influence on drug sensitivity, mutation, immune microenvironment, immunotherapy, and prognosis. Our findings demonstrated that the YWHAE gene exhibits high expression in both H. pylori-associated gastritis and gastric cancer. Pan-cancer analysis revealed elevated expression of YWHAE in several cancer types compared to normal tissues. We also examined the methylation, single nucleotide variations (SNVs), and copy number variations (CNVs) associated with YWHAE. Single-cell analysis indicated that the YWHAE gene is expressed in various cell types, with its expression level potentially influenced by H. pylori infection. Functionally, we observed a positive correlation between YWHAE gene expression and ferroptosis in gastric cancer and associated with multiple cancer-related signaling pathways, including MAPK, NF-κB, and PI3K. Furthermore, we predicted five small molecule compounds that show promise for treating gastric cancer patients and screened five drugs with the highest correlation with YWHAE and validated them by molecular docking. Additionally, significant differences were observed in various immune cell types and immunotherapeutic response between the high and low YWHAE gene expression groups. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between YWHAE gene expression and the tumour mutation burden (TMB). By applying 10 machine learning algorithms and 101 integration combinations, we developed a prognostic model for YWHAE-related genes. Finally, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) consistently demonstrated the upregulation of YWHAE in gastric cancer. In conclusion, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of YWHAE gene in gastric cancer. Our findings provided novel insights into the role of YWHAE as a gene associated with H. pylori infection and ferroptosis in gastric cancer and expanded our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying gastric carcinogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Ferroptosis , Helicobacter pylori , Helicobacter , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Helicobacter/metabolismo , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN , Ferroptosis/genética , Multiómica , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Helicobacter pylori/metabolismo , Apoptosis , Microambiente Tumoral , Proteínas 14-3-3/genética , Proteínas 14-3-3/metabolismoRESUMEN
The site of enterohepatic Helicobacter colonization/infection in humans is still unknown. We report microbiologically and histopathologically confirmed H. fennelliae localization in the large intestine in an immunocompromised patient in Japan. This case contributes to better understanding of the life cycle of enterohepatic Helicobacter species.