RESUMEN
Biopterin, 6-hydroxymethyl-pterin, isoxanthopterin, neopterin and, pterin were quantified in stress-free collected spontaneous morning urine samples from Callithrix jacchus, Saguinus fuscicollis, Saguinus labiatus, Saimiri sciureus, Presbytis entellus, Cercopithecus albogularis, Cercocebus torquatus, Macaca fascicularis, Hylobates concolor, Pongo pygmaeus, and Gorilla gorilla. In most species, biopterin was the most frequent urinary pteridine followed by neopterin. Sex differences in biopterin and neopterin excretion were observed in Gorilla gorilla and Pongo pygmaeus. Pterin and isoxanthopterin were only present in minor concentrations. 6-hydroxymethyl-pterin was barely detectable and not present in the urine of Saguinus labiatus, Saimiri sciureus, and both male Gorilla gorilla and Pongo pygmaeus.
Asunto(s)
Haplorrinos/orina , Pteridinas/orina , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Valores de ReferenciaRESUMEN
The metabolism of amosulalol hydrochloride, (+/-)-5-[1-hydroxy-2-[[2-(o-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-2- methylbenzenesulphonamide hydrochloride, was studied in man and laboratory animals. Humans excreted 30.1% of dose as unchanged drug, and the sulphate conjugate of a 5-hydroxy metabolite, (+/-)-5-[1-hydroxy-2-[[2-(5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]-amino] ethyl]-2-methylbenzenesulphonamide, was the major metabolite. Amosulalol hydrochloride was extensively metabolized in animals with 10% or less excreted as unchanged drug. Hydroxylation of the 2-methyl group and O-demethylation of the o-methoxyphenoxy group were preferred in rats, and oxidative C-N cleavage yielding o-methoxyphenoxyacetic acid (M-5) preceded other reactions in dogs. Monkeys excreted almost equal amounts of the 5-hydroxy and 4-hydroxy metabolites as well as M-5.
Asunto(s)
Perros/orina , Etanolaminas/metabolismo , Haplorrinos/orina , Ratas/orina , Animales , Biotransformación , Humanos , Hidroxilación , Cinética , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
In male Cercopithecus aethiops (green monkey; grivet) and Erythrocebus patas (dancing red monkey; patas monkey), the pattern of urinary C21 steroids was estimated and compared with those of man, baboon and rhesus monkey. The results indicate diminished 11 beta- and 17 alpha-hydroxylation in steroid biosynthesis as well as diminished delta 4-3-keto reduction and increased 20 beta-reduction in metabolism in these two species.
Asunto(s)
Haplorrinos/orina , Esteroides/orina , Animales , Cercopithecus/orina , Erythrocebus patas/orina , Masculino , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Urinary steroids and steroid conjugates were measured in the squirrel monkey (Saimuri sciureus). The principal steroids excreted were cortisol, 11beta,17alpha,20beta,21-tetrahydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20beta-dihydrocortisol), alpha- and beta-cortol and alpha- and beta-cortolone. The majority of the steroids were excreted unconjugated and a conspicuous feature of the pattern was the large amount of urinary free cortisol. Unlike man there was an insignificant excretion of 3alpha,17alpha,21-trihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11,20-dione (tetrahydrocortisone) and 3alpha,11beta,17alpha,21-tetrahydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one (tetrahydrocortisol). A steroid not previously identified in urine from any species was one of the major glucuronide conjugates; it was characterized as having the structure 3beta,17alpha,20xi,21-tetrahydroxy-5beta-pregnan-11-one. Administration of dexamethosone resulted in complete suppression of steroid output, whilst the response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone was inconstant.
Asunto(s)
Haplorrinos/orina , Hidroxicorticoesteroides/orina , Saimiri/orina , Hormona Adrenocorticotrópica/farmacología , Animales , Cromatografía de Gases , Dexametasona/farmacología , Hidrocortisona/análogos & derivados , Hidrocortisona/orina , Espectrometría de Masas , Estrés Fisiológico/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Oestrone, oestradiol-17 beta and oestriol were detected in the urine of menstruating and pregnant langur monkeys. More oestrone than the other two oestrogens was excreted during the cycle and oestradiol-17 beta and oestriol could not be detected during the luteal phase. There was an increase in the amount of all the three oestrogens excreted during pregnancy when compared with the menstruating animals and oestriol was the major oestrogen excreted in the urine of pregnant langurs. Normal cyclic levels were reached 2 days after parturition. Most of the oestrogens (95%) were conjugated with glucuronic acid and little with sulphuric acid or in any other form.
Asunto(s)
Estradiol/orina , Estriol/orina , Estrona/orina , Haplorrinos/orina , Menstruación , Preñez , Animales , Femenino , Periodo Posparto , Embarazo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
PIP: The urinary excretion of pregnanediol was estimated during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and the puerperium in langur monkeys. Pregnanediol 1st appeared in urine on the day after ovulation and reached peak values on Day 17 of the cycle. Pregnanediol levels rapidly fell on Day 20 to the point that they could not be estimated. Pregnanediol appeared to be the major progesterone metabolite during pregnancy, though 6 other metabolites, including androsterone and dehydroepiandrosterone, were also present. 2 days following parturition, pregnanediol levels were undetectable. It is suggested that this species (Presbytis entellus entellus) could be used as a model for the study of progesterone metabolism in human females.^ieng
Asunto(s)
Androsterona/orina , Haplorrinos/orina , Menstruación , Preñez , Pregnanodiol/orina , Animales , Femenino , Periodo Posparto , EmbarazoRESUMEN
This paper presents the first data in the alpha-amylase iso-enzymes in primates of the families: Lemuridae, Cebidae, Cercopithecidae, Hylobatidae and Pongidae. By means of agar-gel electrophoresis of urine samples from 33 individuals belonging to ten species of the above mentioned families a total of 14 different variants of amylase heterogeneity were found.