Asunto(s)
Glándulas Duodenales , Enfermedades Duodenales , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal , Hamartoma , Humanos , Hamartoma/complicaciones , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Glándulas Duodenales/patología , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Enfermedades Duodenales/complicaciones , Enfermedades Duodenales/diagnóstico , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Transthoracic needle biopsy of lung lesions is a well-established procedure for the diagnosis of lung lesions. The literature focuses on the diagnosis of malignant lesions with an often reported accuracy rate of more than 90%. Experience showed that biopsy can identify sometimes incidentally, also benign lesions. There are many reasons why a biopsy is performed for a "benign lesion." First of all, it may be an unexpected diagnosis, as some benign pathologies may have misleading presentations, that are very similar to lung cancer, otherwise the reason is only to make a diagnosis of exclusion, which leads to the benign pathology already being considered in the differential diagnosis. METHODS: This study was designed as a retrospective single-center study. We selected from our database all the lung biopsies performed under CT guidance, from 2015 to 2019 and retrospectively analysed the histological data. We selected only benign lesions describing the imaging feature and differential diagnosis with lung malignancy. RESULTS: In our patient population, among the 969 of them that underwent biopsy, we identified 93 benign lesions (10%). Hamartomas, granulomas, slow-resolving pneumonia and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia are the pathologies that most frequently can misinterpratedas lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS: In this brief report we want to show the percentage and type of benign lesions that are found in our lung trans-thoracic biopsy population. Among these, we identified the three most frequent benign lesions that most frequently enter the differential diagnosis with lung malignant lesions describing the classic and atypical imaging findings.
Asunto(s)
Hamartoma , Enfermedades Pulmonares , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Pulmonares/patología , Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Hamartoma/patología , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Hamartoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Anciano , Granuloma/patología , Granuloma/diagnóstico , Pulmón/patología , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía en Organización Criptogénica/patología , Neumonía en Organización Criptogénica/diagnóstico , Neumonía en Organización Criptogénica/diagnóstico por imagen , Biopsia Guiada por Imagen/métodos , AdultoRESUMEN
We report the case of ileo-ileal intussusception secondary to a Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) hamartomatous polyp in a male infant. The patient presented with non-bilious vomiting and a single episode of passing blood in his stool. An upper gastrointestinal contrast study showed proximal bowel obstruction. At laparotomy, ileo-ileal intussusception was identified with a papillary mass acting as a lead point. The mass was resected, and a primary anastomosis was performed. The patient recovered well and was discharged on postoperative day 5. Histological assessment diagnosed a PJS hamartoma. The patient was well at 1 month follow-up. This case report describes a rare cause of intussusception in an infant that should be considered in the differential diagnosis. The diagnosis of PJS in infancy is uncommon and requires long-term follow-up.
Asunto(s)
Hamartoma , Enfermedades del Íleon , Intususcepción , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers , Humanos , Intususcepción/etiología , Intususcepción/cirugía , Intususcepción/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers/complicaciones , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers/cirugía , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers/diagnóstico , Masculino , Lactante , Enfermedades del Íleon/cirugía , Enfermedades del Íleon/etiología , Enfermedades del Íleon/diagnóstico , Hamartoma/cirugía , Hamartoma/complicaciones , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Pólipos Intestinales/complicaciones , Pólipos Intestinales/cirugíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Mammary hamartoma are rare neoplasms of the breast. Myoid mammary hamartoma are a subtype comprising of prominent smooth muscle component along with normal breast tissue components including fibrous, adipose, and glandular tissue. We report the case of a 38-year-old lady who presented with a large 21 × 15 cm, firm, mobile lump in right breast, clinically mimicking as phyllodes tumor. The lesion was reported as BIRADS 4a on mammography. Fine needle aspiration cytology suggested benign breast disease. Wide local excision was performed. The excised lump was solid, gray-white with fatty yellowish areas. Histological features were of myoid mammary hamartoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest myoid hamartoma reported till date. Fine needle aspiration, needle biopsy, and immunohistochemistry are of limited value as diagnostic modalities in these lesions. Complete surgical excision, proper identification, and follow-up is essential, as these lesions, more commonly those which are incompletely excised, can recur.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Hamartoma , Humanos , Femenino , Hamartoma/patología , Hamartoma/cirugía , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Adulto , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Mamografía , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Biopsia con Aguja Fina , Enfermedades de la Mama/patología , Enfermedades de la Mama/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Mama/cirugíaRESUMEN
Basaloid follicular hamartoma (BFH) is rare benign follicular malformation that is often clinically misdiagnosed. Patients with BFH demonstrate a variety of clinical manifestations and associated abnormalities. BFH may be a familial, congenital, or acquired condition with localized or generalized distribution. Several clinical variants of generalized BFH are known, and they can be associated with a diverse spectrum of abnormalities. Herein, we report two cases of solitary BFH in pediatric patients, both documented dermoscopically.
Asunto(s)
Hamartoma , Niño , Humanos , Dermoscopía , Folículo Piloso/patología , Folículo Piloso/anomalías , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Hamartoma/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hamartomas are benign lung lesions. Histopathologically, pulmonary hamartoma is composed of varying amounts of mesenchymal elements, including chondroid tissue, mature adipose tissue, fibrous stroma, smooth muscle, and entrapped respiratory epithelium. Most pulmonary hamartoma cases are asymptomatic and found incidentally during imaging. They usually appear as well-circumscribed lesions with the largest dimension of less than 4 cm. Asymptomatic giant pulmonary hamartomas that more than 8 cm are rare. CASE PRESENTATION: In the current case report, a 12.0 × 9.5 × 7.5 cm lung mass was incidentally noticed in a 59-year-old female during a heart disease workup. Grossly, the lesion was lobulated with pearly white to tan-white solid cut surface and small cystic areas. Microscopically, representative tumor sections demonstrate a chondromyxoid appearance with relatively hypocellular stroma and entrapped respiratory epithelium at the periphery. No significant atypia is noted. No mitosis is noted, and the proliferative index is very low (< 1%) per Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. Mature adipose tissue is easily identifiable in many areas. Histomorphology is consistent with pulmonary hamartoma. A sarcoma-targeted gene fusion panel was further applied to this case. Combined evaluation of microscopic examination and sarcoma-targeted gene fusion panel results excluded malignant sarcomatous transformation in this case. The mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes are histologically benign. After surgery, the patient had an uneventful postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: Giant pulmonary hamartoma is rare; our case is an example of a huge hamartoma in an asymptomatic patient. The size of this tumor is concerning. Thus, careful and comprehensive examination of the lesion is required for the correct diagnosis and to rule out co-existent malignancy.
Asunto(s)
Hamartoma , Humanos , Hamartoma/patología , Hamartoma/cirugía , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Pulmonares/patología , Enfermedades Pulmonares/cirugía , Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Hallazgos Incidentales , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory rhabdomyoblastic tumors are relatively recently recognized soft tissue tumors with a low malignant potential. Here, we present a case of concurrent inflammatory rhabdomyoblastic tumor (IRMT), adrenal pheochromocytoma, and pulmonary hamartoma in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). To our knowledge, this is the first time that this constellation of tumors has been described in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: A female patient in her late 20s with known NF1 was diagnosed with an inflammatory rhabdomyoblastic tumor, pheochromocytoma, and pulmonary hamartoma in a short succession. IRMT was found to harbor a near-haploid genome and displayed a typical immunohistochemical profile as well as a focal aberrant p53 expression pattern. CONCLUSIONS: This case report strengthens the theory that defects in the tumor suppressor NF1 play a central role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory rhabdomyoblastic tumors and that IRMT may be part of the spectrum of neurofibromatosis type 1 related tumors.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales , Hamartoma , Neurofibromatosis 1 , Feocromocitoma , Humanos , Neurofibromatosis 1/complicaciones , Neurofibromatosis 1/diagnóstico , Neurofibromatosis 1/patología , Femenino , Hamartoma/patología , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Feocromocitoma/patología , Feocromocitoma/complicaciones , Feocromocitoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/patología , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/complicaciones , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/diagnóstico , Adulto , Inmunohistoquímica , Enfermedades Pulmonares/patología , Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neurofibromina 1/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genéticaAsunto(s)
Astrocitoma , Angiografía con Fluoresceína , Hamartoma , Papiledema , Esclerosis Tuberosa , Humanos , Esclerosis Tuberosa/complicaciones , Esclerosis Tuberosa/diagnóstico , Papiledema/diagnóstico , Papiledema/etiología , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Hamartoma/complicaciones , Astrocitoma/complicaciones , Astrocitoma/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Retina/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Retina/etiología , Fondo de Ojo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Astrocitos/patología , Femenino , Masculino , Imagen por Resonancia MagnéticaRESUMEN
This case report describes a diagnosis of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with filamentous RPE hyperplasia in a female child with a history of amblyopia, myopia, and exotropia of the affected eye.
Asunto(s)
Hamartoma , Hiperplasia , Enfermedades de la Retina , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Humanos , Angiografía con Fluoresceína/métodos , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Retina/diagnóstico , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina/patologíaRESUMEN
The combined hamartoma of the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (CHR-RPE) is a rare but histologically benign tumor of which no clear consensus exists regarding its appropriate management. Most commonly CHR-RPE presents unilaterally in children as an elevated, pigmented lesion associated with vascular tortuosity and an epiretinal membrane (ERM). Patients may have decreased visual acuity (VA) in the affected eye, notably if the overlying ERM extends into the macula. For this reason, surgical intervention in the form of ERM removal has been pursued with notable success. Still, those who pursue observation cite the interwoven nature of the overlying glial membrane within the dysplastic retina, complicating surgery and accounting for variability in post-operative VA success. Given the rarity of the tumor coupled with the scarcity of data on its natural evolution, clinicians who pursue observation cannot know for sure whether withholding surgical management is predisposing their patients to worse visual outcomes as compared to those patients who undergo ERM peel as first-line therapy. This case report will discuss an infant with clinically diagnosed CHR-RPE whose lesion showed significant regression after 6 months of observation. This success story should cause ophthalmologists to reconsider the management options at their disposal when faced with a case of CHR-RPE, and to call for further research to better define the risks of observation over surgical intervention. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2024;55:471-473.].
Asunto(s)
Hamartoma , Remisión Espontánea , Enfermedades de la Retina , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Agudeza Visual , Humanos , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Hamartoma/cirugía , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina/patología , Enfermedades de la Retina/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Retina/fisiopatología , Enfermedades de la Retina/cirugía , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , Lactante , Angiografía con Fluoresceína/métodos , Masculino , FemeninoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Clinical differentiation between pulmonary metastases and noncalcified pulmonary hamartomas (NCPH) often presents challenges, leading to potential misdiagnosis. However, the efficacy of a comprehensive model that integrates clinical features, radiomics, and deep learning (CRDL) for differential diagnosis of these two diseases remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of a CRDL model in differentiating pulmonary metastases from NCPH. METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging data of 256 patients from the First Medical Centre of the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and 85 patients from Shanghai Changhai Hospital, who were pathologically confirmed pulmonary hamartomas or pulmonary metastases after thoracic surgery. Employing Python 3.7 software suites, the authors extracted radiomic features and deep learning (DL) attributes from patient datasets. The cohort was divided into training set, internal validation set, and external validation set. The diagnostic performance of the constructed models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine their effectiveness in differentiating between pulmonary metastases and NCPH. RESULTS: Clinical features such as white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), history of cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, tumor marker status, lesion margin characteristics (smooth or blurred), and maximum diameter were found to have diagnostic value in differentiating between the two diseases. In the domains of radiomics and DL. Of the 1130 radiomics features and 512 DL features, 24 and 7, respectively, were selected for model development. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values for the four groups were 0.980, 0.979, 0.999, and 0.985 in the training set, 0.947, 0.816, 0.934, and 0.952 in the internal validation set, and 0.890, 0.904, 0.923, and 0.938 in the external validation set. This demonstrated that the CRDL model showed the greatest efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive model incorporating clinical features, radiomics, and DL shows promise for aiding in the differentiation between pulmonary metastases and hamartomas.
Asunto(s)
Aprendizaje Profundo , Hamartoma , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundario , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Hamartoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Hamartoma/patología , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Adulto , Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Pulmonares/patología , Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Anciano , Curva ROC , RadiómicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI) is a rare, benign, soft tissue mass that may be locally infiltrative. Primary excision is the mainstay of treatment; however, given the infiltrative nature, margin negativity can be difficult to achieve. The management of residual disease in the setting of positive margins after primary excision is not well described. METHODS: All patients undergoing FHI excision from 2012 to 2022 were included. Demographics, operative data, margin status, recurrence, and post-operative follow-up data were obtained via retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Nine patients were identified who underwent FHI excision. The median age at time of excision was 9 months (IQR 16). Seven (78%) were male, and the majority (78%) were white. Seven (78%) underwent preoperative imaging via ultrasound or MRI, and 4 (44%) had a preoperative biopsy to confirm diagnosis. Common locations included upper extremity (n = 4, 44%) and lower extremity/inguinal region (n = 4, 44%). Six patients (67%) had positive margins on pathology - 3 (33%) on the upper extremity, 2 (22%) on the lower extremity/inguinal region, and one (11%) on the flank. One patient (11%) had a local recurrence which did not undergo re-excision. CONCLUSIONS: FHI remains a rare diagnosis. There is a high margin positivity rate; however, local clinically significant mass recurrence remains uncommon. With low rates of clinically significant mass development coupled with the benign nature of disease, a "watch and wait" approach may be appropriate for patients with positive histologic margins after complete gross excision to avoid reoperation and need for complex reconstructions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4.
Asunto(s)
Hamartoma , Humanos , Hamartoma/cirugía , Hamartoma/patología , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Masculino , Lactante , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Márgenes de Escisión , Estudios de Seguimiento , Imagen por Resonancia MagnéticaAsunto(s)
Hamartoma , Enfermedades del Aparato Lagrimal , Conducto Nasolagrimal , Humanos , Dacriocistorrinostomía/métodos , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Aparato Lagrimal/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Aparato Lagrimal/cirugía , Obstrucción del Conducto Lagrimal/diagnóstico , Conducto Nasolagrimal/patología , Conducto Nasolagrimal/diagnóstico por imagen , Conducto Nasolagrimal/cirugía , Enfermedades RarasRESUMEN
Oral leiomyomatous hamartoma (OLH) is a rare lesion, with only 40 cases reported in the literature. It typically presents early in life as a nodule on the anterior maxillary alveolar tissues or the tongue. Its growth potential is limited, with few cases reaching dimensions >2.0 cm, and its microscopic composition includes an intact surface mucosa with an underlying fibrovascular stroma possessing an unencapsulated proliferation of smooth muscle fascicles. Excision is considered the definitive treatment. Here we describe the clinical, microscopic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical features and management of 3 cases of OLH and review the literature. The findings we present here can assist in performing differential diagnosis, particularly in discriminating between OLH and similar yet non-hamartomatous processes and in selecting appropriate management.
Asunto(s)
Hamartoma , Leiomioma , Humanos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Hamartoma/cirugía , LenguaRESUMEN
Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics, pathological features, and diagnosis and treatment strategies of nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma (NCMH) in infants and young children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on seven cases of NCMH infants and young children admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from April 2015 to January 2022. The cohort included 5 males and 2 females, aged from 6 days to 2 years and 3 months. General information, clinical symptoms, imaging findings, treatment plans, postoperative complications, recurrence and follow-up time were collected, summarized and analyzed. Additionally, immunohistochemical characteristics of the lesion were examined. Results: The clinical symptoms of 7 children included nasal congestion, runny nose, open mouth breathing, snoring during sleep, difficulty feeding, and strabismus. All patients underwent electronic nasopharyngoscopy examination, with 5 cases of tumors located in the right nasal cavity and 2 cases in the left nasal cavity. No case of bilateral nasal cavity disease was found. All 7 patients underwent complete imaging examinations, with 5 patients underwent MRI and CT examinations, 1 patient underwent CT examination only, and 1 patient underwent MRI examination only. The CT results showed that all tumors were broad-based, with uneven density, multiple calcifications and bone remodeling, and some exhibited multiple cystic components. The MRI results showed that the tumor showed low signal on T1 weighted imaging and high or slightly high signal on T2 weighted imaging. All patients were diagnosed through histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry, including 7 cases of Ki-67 and SMA (+), 5 cases of S-100 and Vimentin (+), and all EMA and GFAP were negative. All patients underwent endoscopic resection surgery through the nasal approach, with 3 cases using navigation technology. Five cases of tumors were completely removed, and two cases of tumors were mostly removed. No nasal packing was performed after surgery, and no postoperative nasal, ocular, or intracranial complication occurred in all patients. Follow up assessments conducted 6 to 84 months post-surgery revealed no instances of tumor recurrence in any of the patients. Conclusions: The clinical symptoms of children with NCHM mainly depend on the size and location of the tumor. Nasal endoscopic surgery is the main treatment method. In cases where critical structures like the skull base or orbit are implicated, staged surgical interventions may be warranted. Long-term follow-up is strongly advised to monitor for any potential recurrence or complications.
Asunto(s)
Hamartoma , Enfermedades Nasales , Masculino , Lactante , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Preescolar , Cartílagos Nasales/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Enfermedades Nasales/diagnóstico , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Hamartoma/cirugía , Hamartoma/patologíaAsunto(s)
Hamartoma , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Tumores Fibrosos Solitarios , Humanos , Tumores Fibrosos Solitarios/patología , Tumores Fibrosos Solitarios/química , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Hamartoma/patología , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/patología , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Femenino , MasculinoRESUMEN
The decision of whether to perform a large anatomic resection for a lung mass that is not definitely malignant comes often forward in the everyday practice of the thoracic surgeon. The general characteristics of the tumor as well as of the patient and the instinct and experience of the surgeon are the ones that dictate the final choice. Such a decision was made in the case of a large pulmonary hamartoma where a right middle lobectomy was performed with the postoperative course justifying the surgeons' choice.
Asunto(s)
Hamartoma , Enfermedades Pulmonares , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Pulmonares/cirugía , Pulmón/patología , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Hamartoma/cirugía , Hamartoma/patología , NeumonectomíaRESUMEN
Objective: To explore the clinicopathological and molecular genetic features of adult hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma (MHL). Methods: A total of five confirmed adult MHL cases diagnosed at the Pathology Department of the First Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital between 2009 and 2022 were collected. Histomorphological observation and immunohistochemical staining were conducted. Gene detection was performed by next-generation sequencing. Results: Among the five cases, four were male and one was female, aged 46-67 years, with an average age of 56.2 years. The maximum diameter was 5.3-13.5cm, and the average diameter was 9.2cm. Tumors were generally cystic, solid, or mixed cystic-solid. Histopathologically, in four out of five cases of MHL, malignant transformation occurred, of which three cases were malignantly transformed into undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma and one case was malignantly transformed into a malignant solitary fibrous tumor. NAB2-STAT6 gene rearrangements were identified. Conclusion: Adult MHL is a rare kind of tumor with malignant potential, and it is difficult to diagnose with preoperative imaging examinations. A fine-needle biopsy is rarely used for diagnosis, but surgical resection of symptomatic or enlarged lesions is recommended to rule out the possibility of malignancy and further diagnosis. Genetic testing results revealed the complex genetic alterations in MHL, and it was found that adult MHL can malignantly transform into malignant solitary fibrous tumors. We believe that genome-wide analysis is necessary to determine the unique molecular characteristics of MHL and identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Asunto(s)
Hamartoma , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Sarcoma , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Sarcoma/genética , Sarcoma/patología , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Hamartoma/patología , Hamartoma/cirugía , Mutación , Biomarcadores de TumorRESUMEN
Brunner's gland hamartoma (BGH) is a rare, benign tumor of the duodenum. It is mostly asymptomatic and usually found incidentally on routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). However, some BGHs present with major complications including anemia, bleeding, obstruction, or dysplasia, requiring management and resection of these lesions. Herein, we present two cases of large BGHs of the duodenum, one presenting as severe gastrointestinal bleeding and the other, noted on EGD for iron deficiency anemia, found to have high grade dysplasia. This literature review discusses the rare serious complications of BGH, including iron deficiency anemia, overt gastrointestinal bleeding, and malignant potential.